Lesson-discussion project
based on the story by A.S. Pushkin " Queen of Spades»
In 9th grade.
“Every person’s destiny is created by his morals”
(ancient proverb)
(The theme of human destiny in A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades”).
Lesson objectives:
- Educational:
- interpret artistic sense works;
- learn to see the author’s point of view through the prism of the hero’s actions and his fate.
- Educational:
- deepening students' perception of a literary work;
- recreating the integrity of the perception of a work of word art in accordance with the author’s intention and personal understanding of what was read.
- Educational:
- bring up personal qualities necessary to develop a certain model of behavior during the discussion;
- contribute to the formation of positional self-determination of students within the framework of educational dialogue.
In accordance with your goals, you canpredict the next results: students in the process of the lesson will be able to
- independently formulate problematic issues and educational tasks necessary for analysis;
- determine personal attitude to the problematic issues raised;
- present your reasoning later in the form creative work according to one of the proposed aphorisms.
Compositional form of the lesson: lesson-seminar using group work.
Place of the lesson in the educational context: final lesson on the story “The Queen of Spades”
Psychological and pedagogical rationale.
(Class characteristics)
Grade 9 “B” is a class with in-depth study of literature, teaching in which is carried out according to the M.B. program. Ladygina.
There are 29 people in the class, of which 20 are girls and 9 are boys. Average age students aged 14-15 years. It is at this age that the student’s orientation towards a serious awareness of himself as an integral unique personality, striving to build his own picture of the world, ready to defend his own position and create, is obvious.
The children of this class are faced with quite acute moral and ethical problems. One of the most important aspects their self-awareness is an assessment of their moral qualities. As a language arts teacher, working in this class gives me a unique opportunity to help students appreciate a variety of life situations and ultimately formulate your own model of interaction with the world.
Students willingly participate in the discussion of problematic issues, enter into a discussion, and have the skills to conduct it. A favorable, friendly atmosphere has developed in the classroom, conducive to self-discovery of schoolchildren.
Their active position V educational process manifests itself in the ability to independently analyze literary work, identify different semantic levels in it, evaluate art form works.
Most students in the class know literary terminology and use it for qualitative analysis of a literary work.
Students are inquisitive, proactive, capable of emotional perception of the world around them, empathy and creative reflection of their feelings and ideas through the word.
During the classes
Introduction-motivation
Our previous lesson was dedicated to the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Queen of Spades". Let us recall our conclusions from the previous discussion of the work. Why gambling card game perceived as a social model? (A fight between two opponents: in a card game it is the punter and the banker, but in life it is a person and fate, chance, some unknown factor. The player makes decisions without actually having any information about the opponent. Thus, the punter does not play with another person, but with a figurehead in the hands of fate. The thought of fate, chance, luck, and the individual’s connection with them ensures winning.)
Lesson topic. “Every person’s destiny is created by his morals” (ancient proverb) (The theme of a person’s destiny in A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades”).
Raising the problem
Students ask questions about the topic, determine what problem is hidden in the topic of the discussion lesson. As a result of a short discussion, students come up with a problem formulation: “What does a person’s life depend on?”
Problem Analysis
Students read the problematic question and underline those words in it that will help find a solution to the problem (“what”, “depends”, “life”). Moving on to the selection of hypotheses.
Hypothesizing
Students find out what a hypothesis is and what it should be based on. After preliminary discussion, hypotheses are put forward. Students choose the hypothesis that they consider to be a solution to the problem presented.
Confirmation or refutation of hypotheses
Students work on their hypotheses, discuss the problem posed in groups, and look for confirmation of their views in the text.
Public advocacy and adjustment of hypotheses
The groups' points of view are presented, but each participant in the discussion can make their own adjustments to the general opinion; questions are asked.
Character
Hermann's nature is contradictory; prudence and passion are simultaneously inherent in him. On the one hand, he, having set the goal of his life to enrich himself (“...money is what his soul craved), relies on “calculation, moderation and hard work” (“did not touch interest, lived on one salary, not allowing himself the slightest whim ”); on the other side, " strong passions and fiery imagination” are also traits of his nature (“He is a player at heart”), which is why he sits for hours at the card table, watching the game. Two fixed obsessions took possession of him: the desire for enrichment and the secret of the three cards.
Hermann is ready to achieve his goal by any means necessary. No wonder Tomsky says about him: “He has the profile of Napoleon, and the soul of Mephistopheles.” Having accidentally learned about the secret of the three cards, he decides to find out it from the countess by any means, deceiving Lizaveta Ivanovna, enters the old woman’s bedroom and causes her death. Going to the funeral, he does not feel remorse. Hermann fears “that the dead old woman could have a harmful influence on his life.”
Hermann starts a card game because he has calculated everything: “mystical three, seven, ace” should certainly bring him a win. But in last moment, apparently, the passionate side of his nature let him down - and he “failed.”
Free choice
Hermann's goal in life is to get rich. The hero faces a moral choice: he can achieve the goal “by calculation, moderation and hard work” or big win into cards. He chooses the quick and easy way - the game. When the Countess reveals the secret to Hermann, she again confronts the hero with a choice: he must marry Lisa, he must bet one of three cards once a day, after winning he must never play cards again, that is, overcome his passion. Hermann again makes a choice in his favor: he is not going to fulfill the countess’s conditions, he is thinking about how to dispose of the winnings.
Hermann is screwed because he throws people out of his life like played cards, because he has never compromised his interests. By making his choice, he develops the worst side of his nature, so his madness is a consequence of his choice, which develops his immorality.
Happening
Fate is the course of life events that do not depend on a person. A chance is something that appears unexpectedly. Chance plays a huge role in The Queen of Spades on an ideological level. A lot of accidents happen to Hermann: by chance he learns about three cards, by chance he ends up at the old woman’s house, as if by chance he gets the queen of spades. Fate tests the main character by sending him accidents. The last accident (queen of spades instead of ace) becomes a pattern, since this is a punishment for not moral choice.
Character, moral choice and human destiny are interconnected. What is dominant among these components?The dominant factor is the choice of the person.
What role does chance play at the compositional and plot level?
Chance underlies the composition and plot.
Composition
Card game - as a social model. The fight between two opponents: the punter-banker, the man-case.
Plot
Life and the world develop according to their own laws. Bursting into life, chance enlivens it, plays decisive role for one person, but the world continues to live by its own rules. Hermann loses and goes crazy, but the card game continues calmly; chance determines the plot.
General conclusion
What does a person’s life depend on in the story “The Queen of Spades”?
A person’s life is influenced by his nature, moral choice, and fate. They are all interconnected, but the dominant one is still the choice of the person. “Lifestyle” can “develop, enhance or stifle natural human qualities.”
Reflection.
Have you ever thought about the role that chance plays in a person’s life?
What is your position in life on the question of the role of “fate”, “chance” in a person’s life?
Are you satisfied with the course of the discussion and your participation in it?
Choose one of the proposed aphorisms and, in the form of a reasoning, agree with its author or refute this opinion.
- “Fate is more inevitable than chance. Fate lies in character..."Akutagawa Ryunosuke
- “Fate is not an accident, but a matter of choice; it is not expected, but conquered" W. Brian
- “The fate of a person is often in his character” Cornelius Nepos.
- "Fate and character are different names the same concept" Novalis
- “A person’s happiness and misfortune depend as much on his character as on his fate.” F. La Rochefoucauld
- “Not everything that happens comes from fate. Some things are also in our control.” Carneades.
Summary of a literature lesson in 8th grade
based on the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Queen of Spades"
Topic: "This man has at least three evils in his soul."
Epigraphs for the lesson:
-I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary
hoping to acquire what is superfluous.
-I am ready to take your sin upon my soul.
-... he has the profile of Napoleon, and his soul
Mephistopheles.
Goals:
- Educational: Analyze the image of the main character of the story, consolidate the experience of analyzing the episode. Developmental: language analysis of text fragments. Educational: the theory of egoism and calculation are destructive, an immoral person always bears punishment.
Text analysis on questions:
Did you like the story by A.S. Pushkin?
C Is it modern, in your opinion?
Did you know that the plot of the story (complex, philosophical, symbolic) is based on a funny incident (anecdote)?
A curious incident (anecdote) that became known to Pushkin/ Pushkin told his friend Nashchokin that the main plot of “The Queen of Spades” was not fictional. The young Prince Golitsyn told him how he once lost badly at cards. I had to go to bow to my grandmother Natalya Petrovna Golitsyna, an arrogant and domineering person (Pushkin knew her), and ask her for money. She didn't give me any money. But she kindly passed on the supposedly magical secret of three winning cards, told to her by the once famous Count of Saint-Germain. The grandson bet on these cards and won back.
In the boastful story, Pushkin caught the plot, or rather, the grain of the plot.
What hero of the story are the words I put into the topic of the lesson about?(about Hermann)
What words in the topic are key?(soul, villainy)
What questions do you think we should answer to uncover the topic?
(What kind of person is Hermann? What kind of character is he? What is going on in his soul? And what kind of atrocities are we talking about?) Well done! That is, we must trace all the movements of Hermann’s soul, all his torment, all his hopes and, finally, a terrible, sudden defeat.
Now let's turn to the text.
In what setting do we first see Hermann?What does he say about himself, what do those around him say about himself? (Children's answers. We read: “The game occupies me greatly,” said Hermann, “but I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary in the hope of acquiring what is superfluous.”EPIGRAPH 1. HERMANN'S CREDO FOR LIFE. (open) Tomsky about him: “Hermann is a German: he is calculating, that’s all!” The author about the hero: “...did not allow himself the slightest whim. However, he was secretive and ambitious... he had strong passions and a fiery imagination, but his firmness saved him from the ordinary delusions of his youth...”
Let's write down the keywords, characterizing the character of the hero: calculating, secretive, ambitious, strong passions, fiery imagination, firmness. Let us draw students' attention to the fact that Hermann, speaking about himself, already then names these cards; they are hidden in the verbs TRIPLE, SEVEN, WILL DELIVER PEACE AND INDEPENDENCE.
What kind of person appears before us?(Integral or complex, maybe they will choose another word) Conclusion: Before us psychological picture a man who is contradictory in many ways: he combines passion and restraint, fiery imagination and secrecy.
Which Tomsky tells the story about his grandmother and how does Hermann react to it?(About three cards, “fairy tale”)
Dreams often reveal the subconscious in a person. Read Hermann's dream. What conclusion do we draw about the hero? What does he see as the meaning of life? ( C share in wealth, selfish person, mercantile).
What is our hero willing to do to get rich?
(Become an old woman's lover, take on someone else's sin, kill). Second epigraph (open). Please comment on it. (A person without moral principles is ready to sell his soul to the devil).
Who does Tomsky compare Hermann to at the ball? Third epigraph (open). Comment on these words.
Is it by chance that I offered you these three quotes as an epigraph to our lesson?(The whole essence of Hermann’s personality is very succinctly revealed in them).
14.
Who is Lisa?
What is the role in disclosing inner world Is Hermann played by his relationship with Lisa?
(The students’ answer consists of a retelling and analysis of episodes related to the relationship between Lisa and Hermann. The students conclude that Hermann plays with love. He has calculations everywhere, even in relationships with a girl. Love - a moral category - is used as a means of achieving material values. Lisa - a key that helps Hermann enter the old woman’s house)
15. Has the countess revealed her secret? How does Hermann behave while waiting for the meeting and during it?(Perhaps turning to the analysis of the episode (nature). Does he feel remorse after the death of the Countess?
16. What is the ending of the story? Did Hermann manage to get rich?
17. Why was Hermann punished? Let's turn again to the topic of the lesson, what three atrocities are we talking about?(The involuntary murder of an old woman, the murder of faith in love, the murder of the soul).
Conclusion:
18. Which one then moral lesson What can we learn from the story?
(An immoral person always suffers a deserved punishment. Gambling destructive. Don't challenge fate.)
Homework (according to options):
1.Analyze epigraphs, what is their role in the text?
2. Write down all quotes containing numbers in your notebook.
3. Compare the paintings of St. Petersburg by Hermann and the Countess (interior, lifestyle).
Materials for the lesson:
Calculation
Moderation
Hard work
Queen of Spades -
secret malevolence
Elizabeth – from Hebrew “honoring God”
3 atrocities:
- killing faith in love (LIZA)
- murder (involuntary) of an old woman
- murder of the soul (HERMANN)
Napoleon – the embodiment of the desire for power.
Mephistopheles - tempter, seducer, devil. Ambition- seeking external honor, respect, honor, honors, external and low motivation.(V.I. DAL)AN AMBITIOUS MAN- passionate about rank, distinction, fame, praise and therefore not acting according to moral convictions. (V.I. DAL)
>Essays based on the work The Queen of Spades
Fate and chance
The story “The Queen of Spades” was written by A. S. Pushkin around 1834. A few years earlier, from his friend Prince Golitsyn, he heard interesting story about his grandmother, a famous society lady, who at first lost a large sum, playing cards, but then she learned some secret combination that allowed her to win back. This mystical anecdote sank into the writer’s soul, and from then on he certainly wanted to write a story about it.
Reading Pushkin’s works, we can conclude that the author was a fairly intelligent and knowledgeable person in various fields. Therefore, he could not help but know that the word “fate” or “luck” means remarkable work done by a specific person to achieve something good. Chance also decides a lot, but, as a rule, how fate turns out depends on the behavior and perception of a particular person. Fate played a cruel joke on the main character of this story.
“The Queen of Spades is a challenge to interpreters. There are few works in Russian literature that are surrounded by such a mass of interpretations with such different approaches. All main motives can be explained by two different ways... - both realistic and fantastic.”1
It is difficult to disagree with such a statement by the German literary critic Wolf Schmid. The poetics of the story as a whole is indeed determined by the main binary opposition “realism” - “fantasy”. But reading the work only within the framework of this opposition allows us to touch only on the fabulous-mystical or socio-psychological layers of the story. Even the appeal to the Napoleonic theme and comparison with Crime and Punishment does not go deeper than the moral and ethical level of content. But “The Queen of Spades” is a whole Pushkin “philosophy in the colors of words”, the philosophy of Chance and Fate, or otherwise - the philosophy of life itself. It is this opposition “fate” - “chance” that gives us the opportunity to rise to a higher metaphysical understanding of the meaning of the story.
The main and “secret” theme of Fate begins with the epigraph to the entire story: “The Queen of Spades means secret malevolence (the newest fortune-telling book)”2. A fortune-telling book is a book with the help of which a person hopes to look into his future, guess his destiny, and therefore subjugate it to himself, take possession of it. Thus, in such an epigraph one can see the author’s hint at the upcoming main conflict of the story - the conflict between human freedom and the fate destined for him from above.
The hero's struggle with fate is a favorite plot ancient Greek tragedies, which has long become a mythology in literature. It is no coincidence that Hermann is compared with Napoleon (hero) and Mephistopheles (demon, god-fighter). But for Pushkin this plot is new, interesting and relevant (hence the “newest fortune-telling book”), because now this “old as time” plot is being played out on Russian soil that is new to him.
However, the story begins with a completely different motive, with the motive of humility and loyalty to one’s destiny.
“What did you do, Surin? - asked the owner.
- Lost, as usual. I must admit that I am unhappy: I play with myrrandole, I never get excited, nothing can confuse me, but I keep losing!
- And you’ve never been tempted? Never bet on the root?.. Your hardness is amazing to me.”
Surin stubbornly and firmly does not want to change his unhappy fate in the game. And for this all you need is to change yourself a little, to play differently than always. But no, he remains true to himself, his habits and principles to the end. What is this – a passive fight against fate? Or something else, deeper and more complex.
Surin is a mystery; his actions are incomprehensible and surprising to those around him. On the one hand, he seems to simply trust his fate, patiently waiting for mercy from it, for his lucky chance. On the other hand, it reduces the possibility of any chance to zero. And at the same time, he remains himself, without sacrificing anything, without stepping over anything, and most importantly, without violating his own nature.
At first glance, Hermann’s reluctance to participate in the game is explained by the same motive - loyalty to himself and his convictions: “... I am not able to sacrifice what is necessary in the hope of acquiring what is superfluous.” But Surin is subdued by his unfortunate fate. Hermann, on the contrary, is free to decide his own destiny and for this he is ready to sacrifice his feelings and passions. And he does not play out of simple stubbornness or out of his prudence, as Tomsky suggests, but precisely because he is afraid of Chance. He only watches the game, wants to learn how to cheat chance, so that winning is certain, so that it becomes Fate, and not an accident. “Mastering chance is Hermann’s dream,” writes N.Ya. Berkovsky. - Destroy chance. To take possession of life by killing life. It is in chance that life beats in all its freedom and untraceability.”3
But Surin also strives to deceive every chance, however, his position of “non-resistance to fate” remains strange and surprising, while Hermann’s “riddle” is easily solved by Tomsky: “Hermann is a German: he is calculating, that’s all!” And although Tomsky oversimplifies the character of the hero, this “that’s all” completely satisfies the listeners; Hermann becomes understandable and boring to them.
But then an incident, against the will of the hero, bursts into his life. He accidentally (!) hears a joke about three cards. And here the audience’s reaction to Tomsky’s story is interesting:
“- Chance! - said one of the guests.
- Fairy tale! - Hermann noted.
- Maybe powder cards? – picked up the third.”
It is unlikely that Pushkin himself only meant “fiction” in Hermann’s remark “fairy tale”, because the next third remark carries a close negative attitude towards the anecdote told. “Fairy tale” is a fiction, “powder cards” are just a hoax. The participants in the conversation caught only this denial in Hermann’s words, hence Pushkin’s exact verb “picked up by a third,” picked up Hermann’s thought and brought it to its logical conclusion: “fiction” - “deception.” But if a fairy tale is a deception, it is a magical deception. A fairy tale is wonderful story about how a person, with the help of certain magical powers or thanks to his natural luck and happy fate, overcomes various obstacles that come his way. As a rule, all these fabulous obstacles arise unexpectedly and as if by chance - “suddenly”, “out of nowhere”. That's why fairy tale hero- this is a hero who has mastered Chance, who knows the secret happy fate. That is why this ambiguous word “fairy tale” came out of Hermann, because it corresponds to the dual nature of the hero himself: external coldness and skepticism on the one hand and internal passion and “fiery imagination” on the other.
Thus, we have two life positions, two philosophies that stand behind the symbolic remarks of the heroes “Chance” and “Fairy Tale”: 1. hope for a happy occasion that can change fate and 2. the desire to subjugate any chance and thereby completely master one’s destiny. (The third remark: “powder cards” - “deception”, as in the case of Hermann’s “riddle”, is again refuted by the same Tomsky and therefore also loses its significance and interest). However, Pushkin himself does not share either one or the other position, for all subsequent events of “The Queen of Spades” will be devoted to their debunking.
Faith in chance fails in the example of the fate of Lizaveta Ivanovna. At first glance, only chance can help her change her fate as a “domestic martyr.” Moreover, she does not bear her cross as a poor pupil of a noble old woman obediently, but “impatiently awaiting the deliverer.” It is impatience that makes her believe the first suitable opportunity. And Pushkin specifically emphasizes the accidental appearance of Hermann in her life. Describing the scene at the window, he twice uses adverbs that characterize the unexpectedness of what is happening: “once” and “accidentally”, and also uses the symbolic verb “happened”. Chance introduces Lisa and Hermann, and chance helps them set up a night date: “Today is the ball at the *** envoy. The Countess will be there... Here’s a chance for you to see me alone.”
But chance cruelly deceives the heroine, revealing to her that Hermann is a villain, not a savior. But the real savior and chosen one was predetermined by fate for Lizaveta Ivanovna even before meeting Hermann. Pushkin hints at this in his conclusion, telling us that Liza married “a very kind young man", who is the son of the former steward of the old countess. That is, her deliverer was always nearby, only for the time being he was unknown. Thus, Pushkin teaches us to trust our own destiny and not to rush life events. And who knows how Fate would have punished the heroine for her impatience if she had not had time to repent of her trust in a random admirer even before the fatal explanation with him: “At first glance, she was convinced of his absence and thanked fate for the obstacle that prevented their date.” . And here we have before us a completely Russian moral understanding the meaning of this very word “Fate”, the first and ancient meaning which goes back to such concepts as “court”, “judgment”, “retribution”4. Fate is, first of all, the Judgment of God. “It’s not blind fate, it’s wise fate,” - this is what people say about those higher powers that control his life. And by accepting this definition of fate, a person recognizes himself as its complete master, for it depends only on the morality and fidelity of his own actions whether God’s Judgment will turn out to be happiness or reprisal.
So, the hope for a happy accident turned out to be illusory and even dangerous. But maybe then Hermann is right in his desire to defeat chance?
It is remarkable that Pushkin chooses the hero of his story not just a Russian person, but a “Russified German.” This means that, on the one hand, Hermann’s life depends on the Judgment of God, that is, it develops according to the laws of Russian fate, but on the other hand, his internal perception own life does not comply with these laws. For him, life is struggle and conquest, and fate is a chain of fatal accidents. Therefore, the ultimate goal of such an existence is “peace and independence”: peace as the end of the struggle and independence from any chance. Calculation is actually the ability to foresee and avoid accidents. “His comrades rarely had the opportunity to laugh at his excessive frugality,” - this also speaks of his ability to protect himself from dangerous accidents. Even having succumbed to the charm of Tomsky’s random story, he intends to “try his luck” only according to a strict plan: “Introduce himself to her, win her favor, perhaps become her lover...” And only having encountered in his reasoning the possibility of an absurd accident “she may die in a week, in two days! ”, Hermann refuses this idea. Having already mastered the secret of the three cards, he longs for the same thing - “to force the treasure from charming fortune.” (Fortune is the goddess of chance; to “force” a treasure from her means to take possession of a happy chance and defeat all unfavorable accidents).
But despite his rebellion to the surprises of fate, Hermann constantly and against his will finds himself a prisoner of chance. Firstly, Tomsky’s anecdote itself, as we noted above, is nothing more than an accident, for Hermann heard it completely by accident; Tomsky might not have told it that evening. And although Hermann manages to overcome this accident thanks to his prudence (he gives up the idea of “curling himself into favor” with the old woman), chance immediately overtakes him again: “Thinking in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture.” , - that is, in front of the house of the old countess. And then Hermann completely surrenders to chance, and it is on him that his fate depends: “An unknown force seemed to attract him to him. He stopped and began to look at the windows. In one he saw a black-haired head... That minute decided his fate.” Chance allows him to enter the countess’s house (a ball at the *** envoy), chance gives him the opportunity to put into practice the secret of the three cards (“He began to think about retirement and travel. He wanted to force the treasure from charming fortune in the open gambling houses of Paris . Chance saved him from troubles"), and, finally, a treacherous accident in the game (“got wrong” - accidentally took out the wrong card from the deck) puts an end to his entire fate.
And it seems that human life is truly a “vain gift, a random gift” and there are no higher rational forces governing it, no providence, but there is only a chain of unforeseen, sudden, unexpected circumstances. There is only Chance and nothing else. But Hermann had already believed in his “fairy tale”, and he gave himself entirely to “that minute” precisely because it seemed to him that he had managed to take control of the chance, forced it to serve him and turned chance into eventfulness. He felt how mysterious forces were helping him (“an unknown force” attracted him to the countess’s house; the ghost of the countess herself admits that she did not come of her own free will and that she was ordered to fulfill his request). And this really gave him some similarity with a fairy-tale hero, because the countess is not just an old woman, but an “old witch,” and he comes to the “witch” for some secret that will help him get rich, i.e. for witchcraft. And this fairy-tale hero, who is patronized magical powers, who solved three lucky cards (like three tricky fairy tale riddles), who challenged fate itself; (at first he just begs the countess for mercy, then he tries to snatch the secret from her, threatening her with a pistol; finally, having learned the treasured three cards, he immediately violates the conditions under which they were revealed to him;;, and finally, he is already going to face off openly with the power of fate and to force the treasure from charming fortune) - and suddenly this hero becomes a victim of an absurd accident, blind fate. How can you not go crazy here?
But Hermann’s mistake was not an accident at all, but an executed sentence of the Court of God, where chance acted as a “powerful, instant instrument of providence.” And together with Hermann, Russian reality also pronounced judgment on the Western European attitude towards life, which combines unbelief, self-will and at the same time mysticism. After all, Hermann is at the same time a mystic (believes in ghosts, omens, secrets and otherworldly forces), and a fighter against God (he challenges fate), and simply an atheist. The latter is inherent in his profession (engineer), and this means a sober mechanistic view of life and nature (life is a certain mechanism, and you just have to take possession of the secret of this mechanism, and it will obediently work for your benefit). But first of all, Hermann’s unbelief stems from his moral callousness, from the lack of repentance in him, from his readiness to transgress any moral covenants and foundations. It is for this that he is punished according to the moral laws of Russian fate.
So, the two life philosophies “Chance” and “Fairy Tale”, stated at the beginning of the story, turned out to be nothing more than a deception, “powder cards” (another possibility of interpreting this third replica, which seems to cross out the previous two). But Pushkin never builds a work on negation alone; he always gives his positive ideal. But is he in The Queen of Spades? Without a doubt. It is given almost in the first lines of the story - we mean the riddle of Surin, his stoic attitude towards fate, his trust in it and patience in misfortunes, his moral firmness and loyalty to himself. An ideal given only a hint, an ideal that may be in many ways new and unusual both for Pushkin himself and for readers, but the ideal is truly Russian, which is in agreement with national concept fate as God's Judgment.
Lesson summary
Hoop Olga Evgenievna
Municipal General education
"Average comprehensive school No. 16 Novotroitsk"
Subject: Ext.Thurs. A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades". The problem of man and fate.
Target: Show that selfishness, greed and immorality are destructive to human soul.
Planned results:
Subject: Know the content of the story by A.S. Pushkin’s “The Queen of Spades”, determine the theme and main idea of the story, be able to characterize the characters, analyze individual episodes of the work, see hidden meaning stories.
Metasubject:Set a learning task based on the correlation of what is already known and learned by the student and what is still unknown; draw logical chains, establish cause-and-effect relationships; analyze, summarize, compare information, construct a monologue statement in accordance with the norms of SRFL; search for the necessary information; adequately someone else's speech.
Personal: Develop cognitive interest and love for Russian literature, develop the ability to navigate the moral and spiritual sphere of human life, understand the motives of the actions of others, and rely on moral standards in one’s own choices.
Equipment: Textbook "Literature" 8th grade under. ed. V.Ya. Korovina, workbook
Methods and techniques: Problematic question Verification work for knowledge of the text, fishbone, cluster, group work, short retelling with a change in the narrator's face, syncwine
During the classes
1.Organizing time.
introduction teachers.
Today we have a lesson extracurricular reading we will talk about the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Queen of Spades". He wrote it under the impression of the story of his friend Vladimir Golitsyn. One day he lost money at cards and came to his grandmother to ask for money, but instead of money, she gave Vladimir three cards, with the help of which her grandson later won back.
Did you like the work?
We look at any work from the standpoint of content and from the standpoint of moral assessment. What do you think is the purpose of the lesson?
Problematic question.
Do you think a person influences his destiny or does fate influence a person? What is “fate” in your understanding? And how can a person influence it? What about an obsession? Can it change a person's life?
In this regard, it is interesting to look at the image of the main character of the story “The Queen of Spades” - Hermann.
But first, some testing work
Survey to identify knowledge of the text
1. How many chapters does the story consist of? (6)
2. Who is Anna Fedotovna’s grandmother? (Tomsky)
3. Who told her the secret of the three cards? (Saint Germain)
4. Who is being raised by Anna Fedotovna in the house? (Lisa)
5. What does Herman do to get into the old woman’s house? (Communication with Lisa)
6. How and why does Anna Fedotovna die? (fright)
7. Who tells Hermann about the three cards? (Ghost of the Old Woman)
8. Which cards promise winning? (Three, seven, ace)
9. Which card ruined Herman? What card did it come up with instead? (Queen of spades instead of Ace)
10. What happened to the main character in the “Conclusion” of the story? (gone crazy)
Fishbone (see filling below)
Now let's talk about the main character of the work - Hermann.
Who says these words about Hermann: “ This Hermann is a truly romantic face: he has the profile of Napoleon, and the soul of Mephistopheles. I think that he has at least three crimes on his conscience..."To whom are these lines addressed? What crimes are we talking about?
We have found out that Hermann’s personality and the lifestyle that the hero is forced to lead are different.
How did he react to Tomsky's story about the three magic cards?
Why does the hero need money? (to live freely, that is, to change your destiny)
First, the hero says that calculation, moderation and hard work are his lucky cards. But is it easy to get rich very quickly this way without any effort? Then Hermann chooses a different path, committing three atrocities in order to find out the treasured three cards.
Cluster. Three atrocities
Deception Murder Desecration of one's own soul
Victim Victim Victim
Lisa Anna Fedotovna Hermann
Ruined Ruined Ruined
love life soul
Group work. Brief retelling with the narrator's face changing
Row 1 – Deception (The Story of Lisa and Hermann)
Row 2 – Murder (The story of Anna Fedotovna and Hermann)
Row 3 – Desecration of the soul (Hermann’s story, funeral, dream, loss)
Why do you think the queen of spades fell instead of the ace?
Why was Hermann punished?
While playing cards, what else did he play with? (With destiny)
Losing a fortune is a formal punishment. How is the hero really punished? (Madness)
What destroyed his mind? (Obsession)
Did Hermann manage to influence his destiny? Or is it fate? human life? Why was the hero initially doomed? (Took the immoral path)
Sinkwine (an example is given next)
Let's summarize everything we talked about today and make a syncwine.
Keyword Hermann
2 adjectives calculating selfish
3 verbs deceives kills loses
Key phrase: Playing with fate, you can lose everything
Synonym for Crazy
Reflection. Grading a lesson
So, what did we talk about in class today?
Do you agree with A.P.’s statement? Chekhov “There is nothing in life for which one could give at least a small part of one’s soul to the unclean?”
Do you think it is relevant? this story to date? Why?
Homework
1. Creative
The story “The Queen of Spades” has gained enormous popularity since its publication. Imagine that you are a resident of St. Petersburg in the 19th century, write a letter to your friend with advice to read the fascinating story by A.S. Pushkin. At the same time, follow the rules for writing letters, as well as language and stylistic features speech.
2. Prepare a report on the theme of history in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov (for this you can take separate lyrical works)
Students express their opinions and determine the purpose of the lesson themselves.
Students express their ideas.
The work is completed on separate pieces of paper and is given a separate grade column.
The skeleton is filled out together with the teacher, the children themselves name one of the positions
The cluster is formed together with the teacher. Students discover the meaning of each statement independently
1st row - on behalf of Lisa; 2nd row - on behalf of Anna Fedotovna; 3rd row - on behalf of Hermann himself
Each student composes a syncwine independently; several options are taken into account for assessment.
Students express their thoughts on each question.
Fishbone filling
First triangle - Hermann
Top horizontal lines (Left to right) – Hermann’s Personality
Fervent imagination, presence of passions.
A passionate player at heart.
He carefully followed every card maneuver.
The card game, associated with risk, fascinated him completely.
The appearance is romantic.
The idea of three lucky cards sank deep into the soul.
Bottom horizontal lines (Left to right) – Lifestyle.
German origin requires restraint.
Didn't play cards.
He did not sacrifice what was necessary in the hope of acquiring what was superfluous.
He put prudence in first place among personality traits.
An ordinary profession - engineer.
Response to Tomsky's story: “Fairy tale!”
Second triangle - Lifestyle does not correspond to the spiritual nature of the hero