The problem of relationships between generations is considered one of the eternal issues of morality. Time accelerates, but people cannot keep up with it. Social institutions, codes, norms preserve the traditions of the past. The trends today, not to mention the future, turn into a storm in the musty crypt of the past.
In this article we will try to highlight not only the relationship between generations, but also the elaboration of this issue in the works of Russian writers.
The essence and origins of the problem
Today, in our fast-paced world, in the conditions of total intergenerational relationships, it becomes noticeably acute. It seems that children move away from their parents not by one, but by several steps at once.
The peculiarity of the struggle between the new and the old is that the former does not always emerge victorious. Adults have more leverage, confidence in their unshakable rightness, and the need to be an authority and leader for the child.
Next, we will look at this problem from the point of view of psychological scientists, and also find out how writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw it. The material will be especially interesting for schoolchildren who are preparing for exams. Often one of the topics is the following: “Problems of relationships between generations.” You can easily write an essay on this task after reading this article.
Today, the emphasis has shifted from the experience of older generations to the achievements of peers. The child receives almost all knowledge from his parents in an “outdated” form. These days, the lifespan of an innovation sometimes varies within a few days or hours.
In adolescence, boys and girls are forced to go through a kind of initiation stage. They need to learn to control their emotions, become reasonable and wise. This is called "growing up." The difficulty is that with the acceleration of the pace of life, parents themselves have often not yet fully formed into a holistic, mature personality. Or their image is only suitable for the heroes of a nineteenth-century novel.
The problem is that often parents cannot even tell their offspring what to do correctly in a given situation. After all, they never spent their youth in the conditions of the present time. What was previously considered revolutionary, today young people attribute to the Stone Age.
Let's look at the issue of disagreements between parents and children. How do psychologists and writers see it?
What psychologists say
If the task concerns the problem of relationships between generations, the essay can begin with the opinion of experts on this topic.
Now we will talk about some studies conducted by scientists to study the psychology of the adult generation. They believe that the main problem lies in the inability of elders to understand their inadequacy in matters of education.
It turns out that complacency and confidence in the past life experience is the standard by which the “correctness” of a child should be measured, serves as the foundation for discord. It turns out that adults speak one language, and children speak a completely different one.
Moreover, from the point of view of psychologists, the problem of intergenerational relationships often comes from the parents. The most common complaint from children is: “They don’t want to hear me.”
Experiments were conducted to confirm this hypothesis. We will provide a description and results of one of them.
The school asked tenth grade students to rate themselves on a five-point scale. It was necessary to measure personal traits, such as kindness, sociability, initiative and others. The second task was to determine how their parents would evaluate these same qualities. The older generation was asked to rate their children and then predict their self-esteem.
As a result, it turned out that children understand exactly what their parents think about them, and fathers and mothers, in turn, know absolutely nothing about their offspring.
Other studies have proven, in addition to this point, a number of difficulties in relationships between children and adults. Thus, it was found that the child is more frank with his mother than with his father. The second unpleasant point is that many things that interest a teenager are not usually discussed in our society.
Themes of feelings, openness, and sexuality create an insurmountable barrier between generations in the family. This turn of events leads to formal communication and routinization of relationships.
Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"
According to many critics, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully illuminated in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In principle, here it is given greatest attention, but you will soon see that there are other works that touch on this issue.
Ivan Sergeevich in his novel shows not just the confrontation between father and son in a single family. The problem of relationships between generations is depicted here, since Kirsanov and Bazarov are not relatives.
The first is young, nihilist, democrat and revolutionary. Pavel Petrovich is shown to be a monarchist and an aristocrat to the core. The clash of their worldviews forms the basis of the plot.
We see that Evgeny Bazarov is inclined to deny everything, putting science above all other values. The image of the landscape of Switzerland, for example, is interesting to him only from a geological point of view. He is pragmatic, trying to prove the advantage of new views. However, in the end, Evgeniy dies with the thought that Russia did not accept him.
Bazarov's antagonist is Kirsanov. He loves to talk about the “Russian idea”, the simplicity of peasant life. But in reality, all his words turn out to be an illusion. He is inclined to only talk about it, but by his actions he shows the opposite.
Like many other writers of the nineteenth century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev finds himself on the side younger generation. Through the prism of the novel, he shows the agony of the old worldview and birth in agony new philosophy society.
Tolstoy, "War and Peace"
Next, we will consider the problem of relationships between generations in the novel “War and Peace.” Here Tolstoy, being a keen expert on human souls and motives of behavior, shows three different families. They have different social status, values and traditions. Using the example of the Bolkonskys, Kuragins and Rostovs, we see almost the entire palette of Russian townspeople of the nineteenth century.
However, the novel shows not only the relationships between different generations, but also the tensions between different layers of society. Bolkonsky, for example, raises children as part of serving the Fatherland. He places honor and benefit for other people above all else. This is how Andrei and Maria grow up. However, the old prince often went too far in his upbringing, which he laments on his deathbed.
Kuragins are shown as the complete opposite of Bolkonsky. These are careerists who put social position above all else. Their example illustrates the cold attitude of parents towards children. The lack of sensuality and trust becomes natural for Helen and Anatole.
In fact, Tolstoy shows with the help of empty people who are interested exclusively in material values and external splendor.
The Rostovs are the complete opposite. The parents are shown here fully supporting Nikolai and Natasha. Children can always turn to them for help when they need it. This family is completely different from the aristocratic Bolkonskys and the careerists Kuragins.
Thus, in the first two works we mentioned, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully revealed. It would be best to write an essay (Unified State Exam) based on these novels.
Paustovsky, “Telegram”
When discussing the problem of relationships between generations, arguments from real life will be the best. The story will touch the most painful strings human soul. It highlights the situation when children forget their parents.
This is the second extreme to which a family can go. Often the reason is not so much as harmful moments of social influence.
Sometimes unprepared for aggression real world teenagers find themselves in a whirlpool of other people's goals. They live by other people's ideals and lose themselves. If parents have failed since childhood to accustom their child to the fact that he will be accepted at home in any condition, then the young man will distance himself.
Thus, we are faced with a multifaceted problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments in favor of proper education and others can be made, but it is better to show the terrible consequences of the deepening abyss.
It is precisely such examples that we see in the works of many writers. In Telegram, in particular, the daughter was late. When the girl came to her senses and came to visit her mother in the village, she found only a grave mound and a simple tombstone.
Paustovsky shows that pride, hidden anger and other barriers that prevent warm relations between relatives always lead to the tragedy of the “offended”. That's why the best way To solve the problem of relationships between generations there will be forgiveness and a sincere desire to understand the interlocutor.
Gogol, Taras Bulba
The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature also arises quite acutely in Gogol’s work. He addresses the unexpected and terrible side of the realization of this moment.
The story illustrates the father's murder of his child for the sake of his own sense of honor and pride. Taras Bulba could not forgive and survive the betrayal of ideals on the part of Andrei. He takes revenge on him for the fact that the young man did not grow up to be the person he was raised to be.
On the other hand, he punishes the Poles for death youngest son- Ostap.
Thus, in this work we see the bitter truth of reality. Fathers rarely strive to understand their children. They just want to realize their concept of an “ideal life” in them.
That is why it is eternal problem relationships between generations. You will find the arguments of Russian writers in favor of the impossibility of solving it in our article. Next we will look at different areas of this issue.
But after reading most of the works and studies, the impression remains that along with age, the ideals of house-building awaken at the genetic level in people.
"Eldest Son" - play and film
We are currently discussing the problem of relationships between generations (the Unified State Exam often includes it in the list of tasks). Let's look at Vampilov's comedy "The Eldest Son". It was written in the late sixties of the twentieth century.
The significance of the work is that several generations are intertwined here. We see relationships between three: fathers, adults and younger children.
The essence of the comedy lies in an innocent joke that develops into a significant stage in the life of an entire family. Two friends (Busygin and Silva) stay late in a strange city and are late for transport. They are looking for a place to stay for the night.
In the city they meet Sarafanov's family. Silva tells their new acquaintance that Busygin is his son. The man takes the message at face value because he “had a sin of his youth.”
The essence of the work is that Busygin has to become a link between his father and children, who do not value their parent at all.
We see the already quite mature “youngest” Vasenka, who burns Natalya’s house out of jealousy. Nina, Busygin's sworn sister, wants to run away with her fiance Far East, but her new brother holds her back.
Obeying an impulse of feelings, the deceiver confesses everything. Everything in the story ends well. But the main emphasis is still set. The situation is created in a comic form for easy perception and a comfortable introduction of the “family friend” into the comedy.
It is through the prism of an outsider’s view of the family that the problem of intergenerational relationships is revealed. Vampilov’s work is fundamentally different from similar works of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is here that we see the picture that exists in our time.
The traditions of home building have actually become obsolete, but the gentleness and thoughtless love of many parents plays a cruel joke on them when their children grow up.
Griboyedov and Fonvizin
The problem of relationships between generations in “Woe from Wit” is revealed through the example of Famusov and Chatsky. Let's take a closer look at these symbolic images.
The old generation is characterized by worship of rank, wealth and position in society. It is afraid, does not understand and hates new trends. Famusov was stuck in the petty-bourgeois worldview of the last century. His only desire is to find a son-in-law with ranks and stars on his chest for his daughter.
Chatsky is the complete opposite of Pavel Afanasyevich. He not only verbally denounces the Domostroevsky foundations of the past, but with all his behavior he shows the depravity of the old and the power of the new worldview.
Molchalin is Chatsky’s peer, but contrasts with him in thoughts, goals and behavior. He is pragmatic, two-faced and hypocritical. Above all for him is a warm and financial place. That is why the young man pleases Famusov in everything, is quiet and modest with Sophia.
Chatsky has drama in his personal life. The girl he loves calls him crazy and pushes him away, preferring a “servant with rank.” But, despite this, the outcome of the comedy is shown openly to readers. It is the “carbonaris” and rebels who will replace the traditional servility and mossy behavior of the old nobles.
“Nedorosl” also highlights the problem of intergenerational relationships. The essay is a stunning decoding of the saying: “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Here we see a separate aspect of the relationship between parents and children. Education, which is not intended to help the child find himself in life and realize himself, but to reflect the mother’s outdated picture of the world.
So, in the comedy “The Minor” we see the result that Mrs. Prostakova received. She did her best to protect the child from the “hateful” world and a corrupt society. Teachers were hired for him only because Peter the Great “bequeathed it so.” And Mitrofanushka’s teachers were not distinguished by their learning.
The comedy is written in the vein of classicism, so all the names in it speak. Teachers Tsifirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman. Son Mitrofan, which in Greek means “resembling a mother,” and Prostakova herself.
We see the disappointing results of blindly following dead dogmas without the slightest attempt to comprehend them.
Starodum, Pravdin and some other characters oppose the old traditions. They reflect the desire of the new society to see a soul in a person, and not an empty gilded shell.
As a result of the conflict, we get a completely merciless, greedy and stupid “undergrowth”. “I don’t want to study, but I want to get married,” this is the most accurate reflection of his essence.
Coverage of the problem in the works of Pushkin
One of the eternal moral issues is the problem of relationships between generations. Arguments from life modern society rarely fully correspond literary images. The closest situation is mentioned in "The Eldest Son", which we talked about earlier.
The works of the classics of the nineteenth century are often useful to young people only in a global sense. The general ethical and moral themes raised in them will be relevant for centuries to come.
Problems of relationships between generations are highlighted many times in Pushkin’s works. Examples include the following: “The Captain’s Daughter”, “ Stationmaster", "Boris Godunov", " Stingy Knight" and some others.
Alexander Sergeevich, most likely, did not set himself the goal of reflecting precisely this conflict, like Tolstoy and Turgenev. The clash of generations has been part of everyday life since the days of primitive people. It’s just that over time the gap between parents and children becomes wider. This is affected by progress, change social values, globalization and many other factors.
In particular, in “The Station Agent” the situation is similar to the one that Paustovsky later illuminated (we talked about this above). Here Samson's daughter Vyrina escapes from her father's house with a hussar. She finds herself in city society and becomes a rich and respectable lady.
When her father finds her, he doesn't recognize her and doesn't want to accept her. new image daughters. Samson returns to the station, where he becomes an alcoholic and dies. Here the conflict is formed due to the different meanings that the characters attach to the concept of “happiness”.
IN " The captain's daughter“We see a completely different picture. Here Pyotr Grinev firmly remembered the traditional teachings of his father. Following these rules helped him save face and honor in difficult situations.
The old baron in The Miserly Knight loses his own son because he is committed to the old bourgeois principles. He does not want to change his ossified worldview, feudal views. In this essay we see too great a gap between father and son. As a result, the final severance of ties occurs.
Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"
As you have already seen, if the essay should touch on the problem of relationships between generations, arguments (literary, life and others) can easily help to do this.
To conclude our article, we will give one more example, which perfectly corresponds to the task at hand. Now we will talk about Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”.
This stunning work very clearly shows the collision of the old Domostroevsky and Of all characters decides to resist the ossified tyranny of elders only main character- Katerina.
There is a saying that Russia is a country of facades. It is in this play this phrase and is deciphered in frightening nakedness. Behind the apparent prosperity and piety of an ordinary Volga town, we discover the true evil hidden in the souls of people.
The problem is not only the cruelty, stupidity and hypocrisy of the older generation. Kabanikha and Wild tyrannize young people only when society does not see them. With such actions they are just trying to “guide” their unlucky children on the true path. However, the difficulty is that all the knowledge and traditions inherent in housebuilding have long ago turned from norms of behavior into an unnecessary burden.
Downside this issue the younger ones become weak-willed, weak and bestial, as well as the indifference of the rest of the townspeople to what is happening before their eyes.
The problems of relationships between generations in the drama are shown in parallel with the approaching storm. Just as nature strives to free itself from what it has accumulated, sending life-giving rain onto the petrified soil, so Katerina’s suicide makes the indifferent souls of people tremble.
Thus, we have examined the relationship between generations using examples from life, the origins and manifestations of this problem. In addition, we became acquainted with the works of many Russian writers who accurately, sharply and frighteningly truthfully illuminated this issue.
Good luck to you, dear readers! Try to find the strength to be better so as not to become boars, simpletons and other house-builders.
- Misunderstanding between generations arises due to differences in worldviews
- Parents' advice means a lot to children
- A person’s attitude towards his parents can be used to judge his moral qualities.
- Not taking care of your parents means betraying them
- Parents are not always good to their children.
- Many are ready to sacrifice the most precious things in order for their children to be happy
- Correct relationships between children and parents are built on love, care, support
- Sometimes the truly close person becomes not the one who gave birth, but the one who raised
Arguments
I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". IN this work we see the real one. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people share the same views: they say they are nihilists - people who reject generally accepted values. The older generation doesn't understand them. The conflict leads to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeniy Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with Bazarov’s teachings, and returns to his family.
N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". Father not only wants to give Ostap and Andriy a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their Motherland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andria for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a Polish woman). Despite seemingly fatherly love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.
A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he accustoms the girl only to thoughts of financial well-being. Such views are alien to Sofya Famusova; she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that she will not be supported. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to always and everywhere seek profit: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wanting to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The only problem is that these very views are incorrect.
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to serve, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” Father's words became young man the most important moral guideline. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was truly important for him not to betray his father and homeland. This example is a clear confirmation that parental instructions help a child learn the most important moral values.
A.S. Pushkin "Station Warden". Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents’ house with Minsky, who was staying at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go on foot to St. Petersburg to find Dunya. One day he was lucky enough to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who betrayed him, came to the grave with three barchats and lay there for a long time.
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lived a very bright, eventful life in Leningrad. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she didn’t even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova’s letter that she has become completely unwell is not taken seriously by Nastya and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person most dear to her.
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he actually wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty and troubles. As he pawns the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the item.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". In the work we see several families whose lives are based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to do any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helene marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. A completely different atmosphere reigns among the Rostovs: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky raises his children in strictness, but this severity is for their benefit. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". In Kabanikha's family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has learned to lie perfectly, which she wants to teach Katerina too. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.
A. Aleksin “Division of property.” Verochka was raised by her grandmother Anisya: she literally put the child, who had suffered a severe birth injury, back on his feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which displeases her real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends in court, where the property is divided. What strikes Verochka most is that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is having a hard time with the situation; she writes a note to her parents, defining herself as property that should go to her grandmother.
A.G. Aleksin is a Russian writer and playwright, author of books for children and youth. His works reflected many problems of humanity: good and evil, conscience and honor, respect for elders.
In this text, Aleksin raises the problem of children’s inattentive attitude towards their parents.
He gives the example real story his friend who was indifferent to his mother.
The author uses the form of a letter in which he shows that the son does not like to communicate with his mother: "... you don’t only like to write, you don’t really like to talk with her either...". In some cases, the son’s indifference borders on cruelty; during a mother’s heart attack, the son goes to a concert, telling the sick woman on the way: “If things get really bad, knock on your neighbor’s wall.”
Aleksin condemns the behavior of his friend; he believes that such an attitude is unacceptable.
The problem of relationships between children and parents is reflected in the works of many writers. Some noted with bitterness the indifferent attitude of the younger generation towards their elders. The story by K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram” describes the incident story-like narrated by Aleksin. The adult daughter Nastya leaves for the city, leaving her old, sick mother in the village. She does not visit her or call her, citing she is very busy. Unhappy Katerina Petrovna is waiting to meet her beloved daughter. Years go by, but Nastya never finds time to see her mother. She learns about the death of Katerina Petrovna from a telegram from her neighbors, and understands, but it is too late, that she has lost her only loved one who loved her all his life. Thus, we see that Paustovsky in the story condemns the heroine’s indifference.
In A.S. Pushkin's story "The Station Warden" the reader learns about the dramatic fate of the main character, Samson. Neither poverty nor difficulties in his work could break this amazing person, because he had a meaning in life - his daughter Dunyasha. She was a beautiful, thrifty, sweet girl. But at heart she was selfish, she thought only of herself. Dunya abandoned her father, leaving with her beloved man, without saying goodbye to the one who raised her and raised her. She didn't remember her one and only loved one, while he was worried about her. Due to constant mental suffering, Samson began to drink, which would later become the cause of his death. Thus, Dunya’s inattentive, indifferent attitude towards her father led to such fatal consequences.
Thus, citing these works as an example, I wanted to show that inattention to one’s parents is not acceptable, because these are the closest people, and indifference can lead to sad consequences.
Play and story
II Main part
1) General idea of the works
2) My impressions.
3) Reality and fiction.
4) “Eternal” problem.
5) The influence of family upbringing
6) An apple from an apple tree.
Family relationships.
The starting point for discussing the problem of relationships between parents and children in the lesson was watching a scene from the Moscow Theater “Contemporary” play “Mom-Papa-Son-Dog” and reading a story by N. Aksyonova.
The play and the story are united by the idea that children often take the love of their parents for granted and regret their inattention to their parents, disobedience and misdeeds, sometimes too late.
Screaming actors in clown costumes with foam ears made me feel very negative reaction, while N. Aksenova’s story awakened warm feelings and light sadness.
The story of a girl who was embarrassed by her father's appearance until she learned that he was ready to give everything for her is very touching and instructive. However, in real life Such dramatic situations do not always happen, so it is more difficult for children to understand the power of love and the readiness for self-sacrifice of their parents.
The topic of relationships between parents and children is complex and multifaceted, it is one of the “eternal” problems of generations, which is reflected in works of art different eras. The opinions of “fathers” and “children” may not coincide on issues of upbringing and education, choice of profession, life partner, and so on. But even when children, as it seems to them, plan their lives at their own discretion, live by their own minds, in fact, they still implement the behavior model of their parents. Here you can give examples, both positive and negative.
Parents of Masha Mironova - the heroine of the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" - died at the hands of the Pugachevites, without tarnishing their honor with betrayal and cowardice. And Masha herself bravely went to the capital to defend the honor of her fiancé Pyotr Grinev before the empress.
Mrs. Prostakova from the comedy by D.I.
Fonvizin “Nedorosl” treats everyone with disrespect to whom there is no need to curry favor. She pampers her son Mitrofanushka beyond measure and extols him beyond what he deserves. It would seem that this is also a manifestation parental love, but the result is completely different. The son he adores like his mother is rude and ignorant, and he drives her away: “Get off, mother, how you imposed yourself...”
I believe that family relationship problems can be solved if there is mutual understanding. For parents, nothing is more important than the happiness of their children, and children must remember that no one will support them as much as their parents.
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The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature
The problem of relationships between generations is considered one of the eternal issues of morality. Time accelerates, but people cannot keep up with it. Social institutions, codes, norms preserve the traditions of the past. The trends of today, not to mention the future, turn into a storm in the musty crypt of the past.
In this article we will try to highlight not only the relationship between generations, but also the elaboration of this issue in the works of Russian writers.
The essence and origins of the problem
Today, in our rapidly moving world in the conditions of total globalization, the problem of relationships between generations is becoming noticeably acute. It seems that children move away from their parents not by one, but by several steps at once.
The peculiarity of the struggle between the new and the old is that the former does not always emerge victorious. Adults have more leverage, confidence in their unshakable rightness, and the need to be an authority and leader for the child.
Next, we will look at this problem from the point of view of psychological scientists, and also find out how writers in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries saw it. The material will be especially interesting for schoolchildren who are preparing for exams. Often one of the topics is the following: “Problems of relationships between generations.” You can easily write an essay on this task after reading this article.
Today, the emphasis has shifted from the experience of older generations to the achievements of peers. The child receives almost all knowledge from his parents in an “outdated” form. These days, the lifespan of an innovation sometimes varies within a few days or hours.
In adolescence, boys and girls are forced to go through a kind of initiation stage. They need to learn to control their emotions, become reasonable and wise. This is called "growing up." The difficulty is that with the acceleration of the pace of life, parents themselves have often not yet fully formed into a holistic, mature personality. Or their image is only suitable for the heroes of a nineteenth-century novel.
The problem is that often parents cannot even tell their offspring what to do correctly in a given situation. After all, they never spent their youth in the conditions of the present time. What was previously considered revolutionary, today young people attribute to the Stone Age.
Let's look at the issue of disagreements between parents and children. How do psychologists and writers see it?
What psychologists say
If the task concerns the problem of relationships between generations, the essay can begin with the opinion of experts on this topic.
Now we will talk about some studies conducted by scientists to study the psychology of the adult generation. They believe that the main problem lies in the inability of elders to understand their failure in matters of education.
It turns out that complacency and the belief that past life experiences are the standard by which a child’s “correctness” should be measured serves as the foundation for discord. It turns out that adults speak one language, and children speak a completely different one.
Moreover, from the point of view of psychologists, the problem of intergenerational relationships often comes from the parents. The most common complaint from children is: “They don’t want to hear me.”
Experiments were conducted to confirm this hypothesis. We will provide a description and results of one of them.
The school asked tenth grade students to rate themselves on a five-point scale. It was necessary to measure internal qualities, such as kindness, sociability, initiative and others. The second task was to determine how their parents would evaluate these same qualities. The older generation was asked to rate their children and then predict their self-esteem.
As a result, it turned out that children understand exactly what their parents think about them, and fathers and mothers, in turn, know absolutely nothing about their offspring.
Other studies have proven, in addition to this point, a number of difficulties in relationships between children and adults. Thus, it was found that the child is more frank with his mother than with his father. The second unpleasant point is that many things that interest a teenager are not usually discussed in our society.
Themes of feelings, openness, and sexuality create an insurmountable barrier between generations in the family. This turn of events leads to formal communication and routinization of relationships.
Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons"
According to many critics, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully illuminated in the novel “Fathers and Sons.” In principle, the greatest attention is paid to it here, but you will soon see that there are other works that touch on this issue.
Ivan Sergeevich in his novel shows not just the confrontation between father and son in a single family. The problem of relationships between generations is depicted here, since Kirsanov and Bazarov are not relatives.
The first is young, nihilist, democrat and revolutionary. Pavel Petrovich is shown to be a monarchist and an aristocrat to the core. The clash of their worldviews forms the basis of the plot.
We see that Evgeny Bazarov is inclined to deny everything, putting science above all other values. The image of the landscape of Switzerland, for example, is interesting to him only from a geological point of view. He is pragmatic, trying to prove the advantage of new views. However, in the end, Evgeniy dies with the thought that Russia did not accept him.
Bazarov's antagonist is Kirsanov. He loves to talk about the “Russian idea”, the simplicity of peasant life. But in reality, all his words turn out to be an illusion. He is inclined to only talk about it, but by his actions he shows the opposite.
Like many other writers of the nineteenth century, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev finds himself on the side of the younger generation. Through the prism of the novel, he shows the agony of the old worldview and the birth in the throes of a new philosophy of society.
Tolstoy, "War and Peace"
Next, we will consider the problem of relationships between generations in the novel “War and Peace.” Here Tolstoy, being a keen expert on human souls and motives of behavior, shows three different families. They have different social status, values and traditions. Using the example of the Bolkonskys, Kuragins and Rostovs, we see almost the entire palette of Russian townspeople of the nineteenth century.
However, the novel shows not only the relationships between different generations, but also the tensions between different layers of society. Bolkonsky, for example, raises children as part of serving the Fatherland. He places honor and benefit for other people above all else. This is how Andrei and Maria grow up. However, the old prince often went too far in his upbringing, which he laments on his deathbed.
Kuragins are shown as the complete opposite of Bolkonsky. These are careerists who put social position above all else. Their example illustrates the cold attitude of parents towards children. The lack of sensuality and trust becomes natural for Helen and Anatole.
In fact, Tolstoy, with the help of the Kuragin family, shows empty people who are interested exclusively in material values and external splendor.
The Rostovs are the complete opposite. Shown here perfect family. Parents fully support Nikolai and Natasha. Children can always turn to them for help when they need it. This family is completely different from the aristocratic Bolkonskys and the careerists Kuragins.
Thus, in the first two works we mentioned, the problem of relationships between generations is most fully revealed. It would be best to write an essay (Unified State Exam) based on these novels.
Paustovsky, “Telegram”
When discussing the problem of relationships between generations, arguments from real life will be the best. The story of Konstantin Paustovsky will touch the most painful strings of the human soul. It highlights the situation when children forget their parents.
This is the second extreme to which a family can go. Often the reason is not so much a problem of upbringing as harmful aspects of social influence.
Sometimes teenagers, unprepared for the aggression of the real world, find themselves caught in a whirlpool of other people's goals. They live by other people's ideals and lose themselves. If parents have failed since childhood to accustom their child to the fact that he will be accepted at home in any condition, then the young man will distance himself.
Thus, we are faced with a multifaceted problem of intergenerational relationships. Arguments for proper education and other preventative measures can be made, but it is better to show the dire consequences of the deepening abyss.
It is precisely such examples that we see in the works of many writers. In Telegram, in particular, the daughter was late. When the girl came to her senses and came to visit her mother in the village, she found only a grave mound and a simple tombstone.
Paustovsky shows that pride, hidden anger and other barriers that prevent warm relations between relatives always lead to the tragedy of the “offended”. Therefore, the best way to solve the problem of relationships between generations is forgiveness and a sincere desire to understand the interlocutor.
Gogol, Taras Bulba
The problem of relationships between generations in Russian literature also arises quite acutely in Gogol’s work. He addresses the unexpected and terrible side of the realization of this moment.
The story illustrates the father's murder of his child for the sake of his own sense of honor and pride. Taras Bulba could not forgive and survive the betrayal of ideals on the part of Andrei. He takes revenge on him for the fact that the young man did not grow up to be the person he was raised to be.
On the other hand, he punishes the Poles for the death of their youngest son, Ostap.
Thus, in this work we see the bitter truth of reality. Fathers rarely strive to understand their children. They just want to realize their concept of an “ideal life” in them.
That is why the problem of intergenerational relationships is an eternal one. You will find the arguments of Russian writers in favor of the impossibility of solving it in our article. Next we will look at different areas of this issue.
But after reading most of the works and studies, the impression remains that along with age, the ideals of house-building awaken at the genetic level in people.
"Eldest Son" - play and film
We are currently discussing the problem of relationships between generations (the Unified State Exam often includes it in the list of tasks). Let's look at Vampilov's comedy "The Eldest Son". It was written in the late sixties of the twentieth century.
The significance of the work is that several generations are intertwined here. We see relationships between three: fathers, adults and younger children.
The essence of the comedy lies in an innocent joke that develops into a significant stage in the life of an entire family. Two friends (Busygin and Silva) stay late in a strange city and are late for transport. They are looking for a place to stay for the night.
In the city they meet Sarafanov's family. Silva tells their new acquaintance that Busygin is his son. The man takes the message at face value because he “had a sin of his youth.”
The essence of the work is that Busygin has to become a link between his father and children, who do not value their parent at all.
We see the already quite mature “youngest” Vasenka, who burns Natalya’s house out of jealousy. Nina, Busygin's sworn sister, wants to run away with her fiancé to the Far East, but her new brother is holding her back.
Obeying an impulse of feelings, the deceiver confesses everything. Everything in the story ends well. But the main emphasis is still set. The situation is created in a comic form for easy perception and a comfortable introduction of the “family friend” into the comedy.
It is through the prism of an outsider’s view of the family that the problem of intergenerational relationships is revealed. Vampilov’s work is fundamentally different from similar works of the nineteenth and eighteenth centuries. It is here that we see the picture that exists in our time.
The traditions of home building have actually become obsolete, but the gentleness and thoughtless love of many parents plays a cruel joke on them when their children grow up.
Griboyedov and Fonvizin
The problem of relationships between generations in “Woe from Wit” is revealed through the example of Famusov and Chatsky. Let's take a closer look at these symbolic images.
The old generation is characterized by worship of rank, wealth and position in society. It is afraid, does not understand and hates new trends. Famusov was stuck in the petty-bourgeois worldview of the last century. His only desire is to find a son-in-law for his daughter with ranks and stars on his chest.
Chatsky is the complete opposite of Pavel Afanasyevich. He not only verbally denounces the Domostroevsky foundations of the past, but with all his behavior he shows the depravity of the old and the power of the new worldview.
Molchalin is Chatsky’s peer, but contrasts with him in thoughts, goals and behavior. He is pragmatic, two-faced and hypocritical. Above all for him is a warm and financial place. That is why the young man pleases Famusov in everything, is quiet and modest with Sophia.
Chatsky has drama in his personal life. The girl he loves calls him crazy and pushes him away, preferring a “servant with rank.” But, despite this, the outcome of the comedy is shown openly to readers. It is the “carbonaris” and rebels who will replace the traditional servility and mossy behavior of the old nobles.
“Nedorosl” also highlights the problem of intergenerational relationships. The essay is a stunning decoding of the saying: “The apple doesn’t fall far from the tree.” Here we see a separate aspect of the relationship between parents and children. Education, which is not intended to help the child find himself in life and realize himself, but to reflect the mother’s outdated picture of the world.
So, in the comedy “The Minor” we see the result that Mrs. Prostakova received. She did her best to protect the child from the “hateful” world and a corrupt society. Teachers were hired for him only because Peter the Great “bequeathed it so.” And Mitrofanushka’s teachers were not distinguished by their learning.
The comedy is written in the vein of classicism, so all the names in it speak. Teachers Tsifirkin, Kuteikin, Vralman. Son Mitrofan, which in Greek means “resembling a mother,” and Prostakova herself.
We see the disappointing results of blindly following dead dogmas without the slightest attempt to comprehend them.
Starodum, Pravdin and some other characters oppose the old traditions. They reflect the desire of the new society to see a soul in a person, and not an empty gilded shell.
As a result of the conflict, we get a completely merciless, greedy and stupid “undergrowth”. “I don’t want to study, but I want to get married,” is the most accurate reflection of his essence.
Coverage of the problem in the works of Pushkin
One of the eternal moral issues is the problem of relationships between generations. Arguments from the life of modern society rarely fully correspond to literary images. The closest situation is mentioned in "The Eldest Son", which we talked about earlier.
The works of the classics of the nineteenth century are often useful to young people only in a global sense. The general ethical and moral themes raised in them will be relevant for centuries to come.
Problems of relationships between generations are highlighted many times in Pushkin’s works. Examples include the following: “The Captain’s Daughter”, “The Station Agent”, “Boris Godunov”, “The Stingy Knight” and some others.
Alexander Sergeevich, most likely, did not set himself the goal of reflecting precisely this conflict, like Tolstoy and Turgenev. The clash of generations has been a part of everyday life since the times of primitive people. It’s just that over time the gap between parents and children becomes wider. This is influenced by progress, changing social values, globalization and many other factors.
In particular, in “The Station Agent” the situation is similar to the one that Paustovsky later illuminated (we talked about this above). Here Samson's daughter Vyrina escapes from her father's house with a hussar. She finds herself in city society and becomes a rich and respectable lady.
When her father finds her, he does not recognize her and does not want to accept his daughter’s new image. Samson returns to the station, where he becomes an alcoholic and dies. Here the conflict is formed due to the different meanings that the characters attach to the concept of “happiness”.
In "The Captain's Daughter" we see a completely different picture. Here Pyotr Grinev firmly remembered the traditional teachings of his father. Following these rules helped him save face and honor in difficult situations.
The old baron in The Miserly Knight loses his own son because he is committed to the old bourgeois principles. He does not want to change his ossified worldview, feudal views. In this essay we see too great a gap between father and son. As a result, the final severance of ties occurs.
Ostrovsky, "The Thunderstorm"
As you have already seen, if the essay should touch on the problem of relationships between generations, arguments (literary, life and others) can easily help to do this.
To conclude our article, we will give one more example, which perfectly corresponds to the task at hand. Now we will talk about Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm”.
This stunning work very clearly shows the clash between the old Domostroevsky and younger generations. Of all the characters, only the main character, Katerina, decides to resist the ossified tyranny of her elders.
There is a saying that Russia is a country of facades. It is in this play that this phrase is deciphered in frightening nakedness. Behind the apparent prosperity and piety of an ordinary Volga town, we discover the true evil hidden in the souls of people.
The problem is not only the cruelty, stupidity and hypocrisy of the older generation. Kabanikha and Wild tyrannize young people only when society does not see them. With such actions they are just trying to “guide” their unlucky children on the true path. However, the difficulty is that all the knowledge and traditions inherent in housebuilding have long ago turned from norms of behavior into an unnecessary burden.
The downside of this issue is the lack of will, weakness and bestial obedience of the younger ones, as well as the indifference of the rest of the townspeople to what is happening before their eyes.
The problems of relationships between generations in the drama are shown in parallel with the approaching storm. Just as nature strives to free itself from what it has accumulated, sending life-giving rain onto the petrified soil, so Katerina’s suicide makes the indifferent souls of people tremble.
Thus, we have examined the relationship between generations using examples from life, the origins and manifestations of this problem. In addition, we became acquainted with the works of many Russian writers who accurately, sharply and frighteningly truthfully illuminated this issue.
Good luck to you, dear readers! Try to find the strength to be better so as not to become boars, simpletons and other house-builders.
Conflict between fathers and children, Tendryakov (Unified State Examination in Russian)
Problems in modern world so many. One of them is the problem conflict between fathers and children. This is exactly what he talks about in his text. Soviet writer V. F. Tendryakov.
The author says that for a teenager there comes a time when every family begins to seem dysfunctional to him, “within its framework the child becomes cramped.” The writer also emphasizes the short temper and irritability of children during these periods, they leave home more often, and many things piss them off.
According to V.F. Tendryakov, the sacramental conflict between fathers and children did not appear yesterday. The child is trying to learn independently the world, strives for independence from parents, and because of this, inevitable quarrels occur.
It is impossible to disagree with the author's position. Children and parents often do not understand each other and do not listen to the opinions of one of the parties. Because of this, problems and conflicts arise that spoil their relationships. To prove the correctness of this point of view, let us turn to examples from the literature.
Thus, in A.S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit,” representatives of the past and this century who hold completely different views. Main character filled with lofty ideas, protests against the old order. Chatsky fights for freedom, intelligence, culture, patriotism. Representative last century is Famusov, for whom the most important thing in life is rank, official position.
The heroes confront each other, conflict is inevitable.
I. Turgenev in his novel “Fathers and Sons” also discusses the problem of conflict between fathers and children. Here generations of the old and new centuries collide. Against the background of this conflict, the relationship of the nihilist Bazarov with his parents is depicted. He doesn't understand his feelings for them. On the one hand, in a fit of frankness, the hero admits to Arkady that he loves them, but in contrast to this, he despises the “stupid life of his fathers.” Bazarov does not respect the opinions of his parents and their views on the world. He dies, but his parents, despite their son’s callous attitude, still love him..
We can conclude that the sacramental conflict between fathers and sons did not appear yesterday. Children and parents often do not understand each other and do not listen to the opinions of one of the parties. Because of this, problems and quarrels arise that spoil their relationship.
Arguments to the problem of relationships between parents and children (Unified State Examination Arguments)
The problem of children's ingratitude
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin “Minor”
The problem of children’s ingratitude to their parents is raised in Denis Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.” Mrs. Prostakova is a rude woman, a landowner, ready to do anything for the sake of her son Mitrofan. She does not force him to study, does not scold him, since she sees in Mitrofan only best features, which is inherent in every mother, but the son turns away from Prostakova in difficult times. This example suggests that there are children who do not value their parents, do not feel responsible for their elders, and do not realize that the indifference of children causes suffering to their parents.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “Station Warden”
In the story “The Station Warden” by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the problem of ingratitude in children is reflected in the example of his daughter. Samson Vyrin, the main character of the story, survived his daughter’s escape, her indifference to her father’s life and lost the meaning of his existence. The daughter does not come to him, and only when Samson dies does the daughter come to his grave.
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov " The Cherry Orchard»
The problem of children forgetting about their parents is raised in Anton Pavlovich Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard.” The footman Yasha does not remember his mother, but only dreams of leaving for Paris as soon as possible.
He does not feel a family connection with anyone, does not feel love for anyone.
The problem of generational conflict
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”
The novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev raises the problem of attitudes towards maternal love, which is presented through the example of the Bazarov family. Arriving in native home, Bazarov encounters the love of his mother, who does not leave his side and tries to please her son. On the one hand, Evgeniy loves them, but on the other hand, he believes that love, even maternal love, does not exist for him. BUT mother's love was stronger than all of Eugene’s other feelings, she lives even when the hero dies. Evgeniy accidentally dies not only because of illness, but because he turned out to be consumed by love, from the recognition of his family, he could not stand the test, his theory turned out to be incorrect, it is untenable in life.
Arguments on the problem of relationships between parents and children
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106.3 (Fathers and sons) Relationships between two different generations
I.S. reflects on the complexity of the relationship between two different generations. Turgenev.
The author cites a dialogue between two representatives of the older generation, Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich, in which they discuss their “heirs”. The first believes that they, the parents, are “much more right than these gentlemen,” and “today’s youth” seems to him inflated and arrogant. The second participant in the conversation is sure: yes, “fathers” and “children” will never understand each other, “the pill is bitter - but you need to swallow it.” In my opinion, this is precisely the opinion that the writer is inclined towards.
Position of I.S. Turgenev is not difficult to define: it is very difficult for people “belonging to two different generations” to understand each other.
I remember A. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit,” which describes the clash between the society of P. Famusov, a supporter of the old order, the main “father” of the work, with A. Chatsky, a man of progressive views, a representative of the “children.” From the scene of the appearance of the main character in the house of Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, it becomes absolutely clear: these people will never understand each other.
The problem of relationships between people belonging to different generations is one of the central ones in the drama “The Thunderstorm” by A. N. Ostrovsky. Here we observe a conflict between the young victims of the “dark kingdom” and its old masters, a conflict that even the death of the main character will not resolve!
Thus, I can conclude that it is very difficult for people belonging to different generations to understand each other.
What are the relationships between representatives of different generations based on? This is precisely the question that arises when reading the text of V.P. Krapivina.
Revealing the problem of intergenerational relationships, relationships between adults and children, children's writer introduces us to a boy nicknamed Zhurka and his grandfather Yuri Savelyev. The grandfather left Zhurka a message in the book “The Three Musketeers,” knowing that his grandson liked this novel. In this message, the grandfather shares his childhood memories with his grandson, advising him to act in his own way, without justifying himself with the correct words of others.
After reading this letter, the boy understood that his grandfather was sad alone, and felt his grandfather’s love for himself, which he did not know about.
The author’s position is as follows: representatives of different generations build their relationships on love, friendship, and mutual understanding. Adults, trying to support the younger generation, give them wise advice. When communicating with children, adults begin to remember their childhood.
I agree with the opinion of the author. Undoubtedly, between the older and younger generations there should be a close spiritual connection that does not break over the years. Mutual understanding promotes strong friendship and love between parents and children. Often the instructions of adults warn children against mistakes. The older generations, communicating with the younger ones, are immersed in memories of their childhood, which give rise to bright feelings in the soul.
To prove the correctness of our reasoning, let us turn to literary arguments. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”, complete mutual understanding and continuity of generations are shown in the example of the relationship between father and son Bolkonsky. The old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, who fell into disgrace under Emperor Paul the First, lives constantly on his estate in Bald Mountains, does not sit idle for a minute, his day is subject to a strict routine, which he does not violate even at the time of his son’s arrival. Nikolai Andreevich recognizes only two virtues: activity and intelligence, and considers idleness and superstition to be vices. Approving his son’s decision to go to war with Napoleon, the old prince gives him parting words to behave with dignity, but he could not have said this. Like his father, Prince Andrei is a man of honor, responsible, active, hardworking, and sees his personal success in the success of the common cause.
We can find an example of the continuity of generations in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". While waiting for his son at the inn, Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is immersed in sweet memories and dreams. Once upon a time, he, having graduated from the university as a candidate, returned to his parents’ home, and now the same thing is happening to his son Arkady. The father dreams of communicating with his son, that he will help him manage the estate. This is what happens. Freed from the influence of the nihilist Bazarov, Arkady becomes a good master, the father of the family. The thread connecting generations is not interrupted, but stretches on.
We came to the conclusion that relations between generations are built on mutual understanding, love and friendship, only in this case the connection between the younger and older generations is not interrupted, and society develops in an evolutionary way, improving.
Updated: 2018-01-07
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