Throughout the history of the Nobel Prize Russian writers awarded 5 times. The Nobel Prize laureates were 5 Russian writers and one Belarusian writer Svetlana Alexievich, the author of the following works: “ The war has no woman's face
», « Zinc boys"and other works written in Russian. The wording for the award was: “ For the polyphonic sound of her prose and the perpetuation of suffering and courage»
2.1. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin (1870-1953) The prize was awarded in 1933 " for the true artistic talent with which he recreated the typical Russian character in an artistic rose, for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose » . In his speech when presenting the prize, Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy in honoring the emigrant writer (he emigrated to France in 1920).
2.2. Boris Pasternak- Winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958. Awarded " for outstanding services in modern lyric poetry and in the field of great Russian prose» . For Pasternak himself, the prize brought nothing but problems and a campaign under the slogan “ I haven’t read it, but I condemn it!" The writer was forced to refuse the prize under threat of expulsion from the country. The Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and in 1989 awarded a diploma and medal to his son.
Nobel Prize I was lost, like an animal in a pen. Somewhere there are people, freedom, light, And behind me there is the sound of a chase, I can’t go outside. Dark forest and the shore of the pond, Spruce felled log. The path is cut off from everywhere. Whatever happens, it doesn't matter. What kind of dirty trick have I done? Am I a murderer and a villain? I made the whole world cry over the beauty of my land. But even so, almost at the grave, I believe the time will come - The power of meanness and malice will be overcome by the spirit of good.
B. Pasternak
2.3. Mikhail Sholokhov. The Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded in 1965. The award was presented to " for artistic power and the integrity of the epic about Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia». In his speech during the award ceremony, Sholokhov said that his goal was " extol the nation of workers, builders and heroes».
2.4. Alexander Solzhenitsyn– laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature 1970 « for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature». Government Soviet Union considered the decision of the Nobel Committee " politically hostile", and Solzhenitsyn, fearing that after his trip he would not be able to return to his homeland, accepted the award, but was not present at the award ceremony.
2.5. Joseph Brodsky- laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987. Prize awarded « for his multifaceted creativity, marked by sharpness of thought and deep poetry». In 1972, he was forced to emigrate from the USSR and lived in the USA.
2.6. In 2015, the prize was sensationally received by a Belarusian writer and journalist Svetlana Alexievich. She wrote such works as “War Doesn’t Have a Woman’s Face”, “Zinc Boys”, “Enchanted by Death”, “Chernobyl Prayer”, “Second Hand Time” and others. Quite rare for recent years an event when a prize was given to a person who writes in Russian.
3. Nobel Prize nominees
The Nobel Prize in Literature is the most prestigious award, which has been awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in the field of literature since 1901. A writer who has been awarded the prize appears in the eyes of millions of people as an incomparable talent or genius who, with his creativity, managed to win the hearts of readers from all over the world.
However there is a whole series famous writers, whom the Nobel Prize for various reasons passed over, but they were no less worthy of it than their fellow laureates, and sometimes even more. Who are they?
Half a century later Nobel Committee reveals its secrets, so today we know not only who received awards in the first half of the 20th century, but also who did not receive them, remaining among the nominees.
First time among the literary nominees Nobel“Russians” dates back to 1901 - then Leo Tolstoy was nominated for the award among other nominees, but he did not become the winner of the prestigious award for several more years. Leo Tolstoy would be present in the nominations every year until 1906, and the only reason, according to which the author “ War and Peace"did not become the first Russian laureate" Nobel”, became his own decisive refusal of the award, as well as a request not to award it.
M. Gorky was nominated in 1918, 1923, 1928, 1930, 1933 (5 times)
Konstantin Balmont was nominated in 1923,
Dmitry Merezhkovsky -1914, 1915, 1930, 1931 – 1937 (10 times)
Shmelev - 1928, 1932
Mark Aldanov – 1934, 1938, 1939, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951 – 1956,1957 (12 times)
Leonid Leonov -1949,1950.
Konstantin Paustovsky -1965, 1967
And how many geniuses Russian literature Bulgakov, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam, Evgeny Yevtushenko were not even declared among the nominees... Everyone can continue this brilliant series with the names of their favorite writers and poets.
Why were Russian writers and poets so rarely among the laureates?
It is no secret that the prize is often awarded for political reasons. , says Philip Nobel, a descendant of Alfred Nobel. - But there is another important reason. In 1896, Alfred left a condition in his will: the capital of the Nobel Foundation must be invested in shares of strong companies that give good profit. In the 20-30s of the last century, the fund's money was invested primarily in American corporations. Since then, the Nobel Committee and the United States have had very close ties.”
Anna Akhmatova may have received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1966, but she... died on March 5, 1966, so her name was not later considered. According to the rules of the Swedish Academy, the Nobel Prize can only be awarded to living writers. The prize was received only by those writers who quarreled with the Soviet regime: Joseph Brodsky, Ivan Bunin, Boris Pasternak, Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
The Swedish Academy of Sciences did not favor Russian literature: at the beginning of the twentieth century, it rejected L.N. Tolstoy and did not notice the brilliant A.P. Chekhov, passed by no less significant writers and poets of the twentieth century: M. Gorky, V. Mayakovsky, M. Bulgakov and others. It should also be noted that I. Bunin, like later other Nobel laureates (B. Pasternak, A. Solzhenitsyn , I. Brodsky) was in a state of acute conflict with the Soviet regime.
Be that as it may, great writers and poets, Nobel Prize laureates, whose creative path was thorny, its own brilliant creations They built a pedestal for themselves. The personality of these great sons of Russia is enormous not only in Russia, but also in the world literary process. And they will remain in people’s memory as long as humanity lives and creates.
« Exploded Heart»… This is how you can characterize state of mind our compatriot writers who became Nobel Prize laureates. They are our pride! And our pain and shame for what was done to I.A. Bunin and B.L. Pasternak, A.I. Solzhenitsyn and I.A. Brodsky by the official authorities, for their forced loneliness and exile. In St. Petersburg there is a monument to Nobel on Petrovskaya Embankment. True, this monument represents sculptural composition « Exploded tree».
Fantasy about Nobel. There is no need to dream about the Nobel, After all, it is awarded by chance, And someone, alien to the highest standards, Keeps joyless secrets. I have not been to distant Sweden, As in the dreams of snow-covered Nepal, And Brodsky wanders around Venice And silently looks into the canals. He was an outcast who did not know love, slept in a hurry and ate unsweetened, but, having changed the plus for the minus, he married an aristocrat.
Sitting in Venetian bars and having conversations with counts, He mixed cognac with resentment, Antiquity with the Internet age. Rhymes were born from the surf, I had the strength to write them down. But what about poetry? They are empty, Once again Nobel came out of the grave. I asked: - Let the genius be Brodsky. Let him shine in a pair of tails, But Paustovsky lived somewhere, Not Sholokhov in a pair of cognac. Zabolotsky lived, fell into the abyss, and was resurrected, and became great. Once upon a time Simonov lived, gray-haired and sober, counting the Tashkent ditches. Well, what about Tvardovsky? Nice sidekick, that's the one who molds the lines so well! Where are you looking, Uncle Nobel? Mendel.
South African John Maxwell Coetzee is the first writer to be awarded the Booker Prize twice (in 1983 and 1999). In 2003, he won the Nobel Prize in Literature "for creating countless guises of amazing situations involving outsiders." Coetzee's novels are characterized by well-crafted composition, rich dialogue, and analytical skill. He mercilessly criticizes the cruel rationalism and artificial morality of Western civilization. At the same time, Coetzee is one of those writers who rarely talks about his work, and even less often about himself. However, Scenes from Provincial Life, an amazing autobiographical novel, is an exception. Here Coetzee is extremely frank with the reader. He talks about his mother's painful, suffocating love, about the hobbies and mistakes that followed him for years, and about the path he had to go through to finally start writing.
"The Humble Hero" by Mario Vargas Llosa
Mario Vargas Llosa is a prominent Peruvian novelist and playwright who received the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature “for his cartography of power structures and vivid images resistance, rebellion and defeat of the individual." Continuing the line of great Latin American writers such as Jorge Luis Borges, García Márquez, Julio Cortázar, he creates amazing novels balancing on the brink of reality and fiction. In the new book by Vargas Llosa, “The Humble Hero,” the Marinera masterfully twists two parallel storylines. The hard worker Felicito Yanaque, decent and trusting, becomes a victim of strange blackmailers. At the same time successful businessman Ismael Carrera, at the end of his life, seeks revenge on his two slacker sons who want his death. And Ismael and Felicito, of course, are not heroes at all. However, where others cowardly agree, these two stage a quiet rebellion. Old acquaintances also appear on the pages of the new novel - characters from the world created by Vargas Llosa.
"The Moons of Jupiter" by Alice Munro
Canadian writer Alice Munro is a master of the modern short story, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature. Critics constantly compare Munro to Chekhov, and this comparison is not without reason: like the Russian writer, she knows how to tell a story in such a way that readers, even those belonging to a completely different culture, recognize themselves in the characters. These twelve stories, presented in seemingly simple language, reveal amazing plot abysses. In just twenty pages, Munro manages to create a whole world - alive, tangible and incredibly attractive.
"Beloved" Toni Morrison
Toni Morrison received the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature as a writer “who brought life to life with her dreamy, poetic novels.” important aspect American reality" Her most famous novel, Beloved, was published in 1987 and received a Pulitzer Prize. The book is based on real events that took place in Ohio in the 80s of the nineteenth century: this amazing story the black slave Sethe, who decided on a terrible act - to give freedom, but take her life. Sethe kills her daughter to save her from slavery. A novel about how difficult it can sometimes be to tear out the memory of the past from the heart, about difficult choice who change fate, and people who remain loved forever.
"The Woman of Nowhere" by Jean-Marie Gustave Leclezio
Jean-Marie Gustave Leclezio, one of the largest living French writers, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2008. He is the author of thirty books, including novels, stories, essays and articles. In the presented book, for the first time in Russian, two stories by Leclezio are published at once: “The Storm” and “The Woman from Nowhere.” The action of the first takes place on an island lost in the Sea of Japan, the second - in Cote d'Ivoire and the Parisian suburbs. However, despite such a vast geography, the heroines of both stories are very similar in some ways - these are teenage girls who are desperately striving to find their place in an inhospitable, hostile world. The Frenchman Leclezio, who lived for a long time in the countries South America, in Africa, Southeast Asia, Japan, Thailand and on his native island of Mauritius, writes about how a person who grew up in the lap of pristine nature feels in the oppressive space of modern civilization.
"My Strange Thoughts" Orhan Pamuk
Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006 “for his search for the melancholy soul hometown found new symbols for the clash and interweaving of cultures.” “My Strange Thoughts” is the author’s latest novel, on which he worked for six years. Main character, Mevlut, works on the streets of Istanbul, watching as the streets fill with new people and the city gains and loses new and old buildings. Before his eyes, coups take place, authorities change each other, and Mevlut still wanders the streets winter evenings, wondering what distinguishes him from other people, why he has strange thoughts about everything in the world, and who really is his beloved, to whom he has been writing letters for the last three years.
“Legends of our time. Occupation essays" Czeslaw Milosz
Czeslaw Milosz is a Polish poet and essayist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1980 “for showing with fearless clairvoyance the insecurity of man in a world torn by conflict.” “Legends of Modernity” is the first translated into Russian “confession of the son of the century”, written by Milosz on the ruins of Europe in 1942–1943. It includes essays on outstanding literary (Defoe, Balzac, Stendhal, Tolstoy, Gide, Witkiewicz) and philosophical (James, Nietzsche, Bergson) texts, and polemical correspondence between C. Milosz and E. Andrzejewski. Exploring modern myths and prejudices, appealing to the tradition of rationalism, Milos tries to find a foothold for European culture humiliated by two world wars.
Photo: Getty Images, press service archive
On December 10, 1901, the world's first Nobel Prize was awarded. Since then, five Russian writers have received this prize in the field of literature.
1933, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
Bunin was the first Russian writer to receive such a high award - the Nobel Prize in Literature. This happened in 1933, when Bunin had already been living in exile in Paris for several years. The prize was awarded to Ivan Bunin "for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." We were talking about the writer’s largest work - the novel “The Life of Arsenyev”.
Accepting the award, Ivan Alekseevich said that he was the first exile to be awarded the Nobel Prize. Along with his diploma, Bunin received a check for 715 thousand French francs. With the Nobel money he could live comfortably until the end of his days. But they quickly ran out. Bunin spent it very easily and generously distributed it to his fellow emigrants in need. He invested part of it in a business that, as his “well-wishers” promised him, would be a win-win, and went broke.
It was after receiving the Nobel Prize that Bunin’s all-Russian fame grew into worldwide fame. Every Russian in Paris, even those who had not yet read a single line of this writer, took this as a personal holiday.
1958, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
For Pasternak, this high award and recognition turned into real persecution in his homeland.
Boris Pasternak was nominated for the Nobel Prize more than once - from 1946 to 1950. And in October 1958 he was awarded this award. This happened just after the publication of his novel Doctor Zhivago. The prize was awarded to Pasternak "for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel."
Immediately after receiving the telegram from the Swedish Academy, Pasternak responded “extremely grateful, touched and proud, amazed and embarrassed.” But after it became known that he had been awarded a prize from the newspaper "Pravda" and " Literary newspaper"attacked the poet with indignant articles, rewarding him with epithets, "traitor", "slanderer", "Judas". Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union and forced to refuse the prize. And in his second letter to Stockholm he wrote: "Due to its significance, which award was awarded to me in the society to which I belong, I must refuse it. Do not consider my voluntary refusal an insult.”
Boris Pasternak's Nobel Prize was awarded to his son 31 years later. In 1989, the permanent secretary of the academy, Professor Store Allen, read both telegrams sent by Pasternak on October 23 and 29, 1958, and said that the Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak’s refusal of the prize as forced and, after thirty-one years, was presenting his medal to his son, regretting that The laureate is no longer alive.
1965, Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov
Mikhail Sholokhov was the only one Soviet writer, who received the Nobel Prize with the consent of the leadership of the USSR. Back in 1958, when a delegation from the USSR Writers Union visited Sweden and learned that Pasternak and Shokholov were among those nominated for the prize, in a telegram sent to Soviet ambassador in Sweden, it was said: “it would be desirable, through cultural figures close to us, to make it clear to the Swedish public that the Soviet Union would highly appreciate the award of the Nobel Prize to Sholokhov.” But then the prize was given to Boris Pasternak. Sholokhov received it in 1965 - “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.” By this time his famous “ Quiet Don».
1970, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
Alexander Solzhenitsyn became the fourth Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature - in 1970 "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." By this time, such outstanding works of Solzhenitsyn as “ Cancer building" and "In the first circle." Having learned about the award, the writer stated that he intended to receive the award “personally, on the appointed day.” But after the announcement of the award, the persecution of the writer in his homeland gained full force. The Soviet government considered the decision of the Nobel Committee "politically hostile." Therefore, the writer was afraid to go to Sweden to receive the award. He accepted it with gratitude, but did not participate in the award ceremony. Solzhenitsyn received his diploma only four years later - in 1974, when he was expelled from the USSR to Germany.
The writer’s wife, Natalya Solzhenitsyna, is still confident that the Nobel Prize saved her husband’s life and gave her the opportunity to write. She noted that if he had published “The Gulag Archipelago” without being a Nobel Prize laureate, he would have been killed. By the way, Solzhenitsyn was the only Nobel Prize laureate in literature for whom only eight years passed from the first publication to the award.
1987, Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky
Joseph Brodsky became the fifth Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize. This happened in 1987, at the same time his large book of poems, “Urania,” was published. But Brodsky received the award not as a Soviet citizen, but as an American citizen who had lived in the USA for a long time. The Nobel Prize was awarded to him "for his comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity." Receiving the award in his speech, Joseph Brodsky said: “For a private person and the particularity of this whole life public role preferred, for a person who has gone quite far in this preference - and in particular from his homeland, for it is better to be the last loser in a democracy than a martyr or the ruler of thoughts in a despotism - to suddenly find himself on this podium is a great awkwardness and test.
Let us note that after Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize, and this event just happened during the beginning of perestroika in the USSR, his poems and essays began to be actively published in his homeland.
Since the delivery of the first Nobel Prize 112 years have passed. Among Russians worthy of this most prestigious award in the field literature, physics, chemistry, medicine, physiology, peace and economics there were only 20 people. As for the Nobel Prize in Literature, Russians have their own personal history in this area, not always with a positive ending.
First awarded in 1901, it bypassed the most important writer in history. Russian and world literature - Leo Tolstoy. In their 1901 address, members of the Royal Swedish Academy formally paid their respects to Tolstoy, calling him "the deeply revered patriarch modern literature" and "one of those powerful soulful poets about whom in in this case should remember first of all,” however, they referred to the fact that, in view of their convictions, great writer he himself “never aspired to this kind of reward.” In his response letter, Tolstoy wrote that he was glad that he was spared the difficulties associated with the disposal of so much money and that he was pleased to receive notes of sympathy from so many respected persons. Things were different in 1906, when Tolstoy, preempting his nomination for the Nobel Prize, asked Arvid Järnefeld to use all kinds of connections so as not to be put in an unpleasant position and refuse this prestigious award.
Likewise Nobel Prize for Literature surpassed several other outstanding Russian writers, among whom was also the genius of Russian literature - Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The first writer admitted to the “Nobel Club” was someone disliked by the Soviet government who emigrated to France Ivan Alekseevich Bunin.
In 1933, the Swedish Academy nominated Bunin for an award “for the rigorous skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose.” Among the nominees this year were also Merezhkovsky and Gorky. Bunin received Nobel Prize in Literature largely thanks to the 4 books about Arsenyev’s life that had been published by that time. During the ceremony, Per Hallström, a representative of the Academy who presented the prize, expressed admiration for Bunin’s ability to “extraordinarily expressively and accurately describe real life" In his response speech, the laureate thanked the Swedish Academy for the courage and honor it showed to the emigrant writer.
A difficult story full of disappointment and bitterness accompanies the receipt of the Nobel Prize in Literature Boris Pasternak. Nominated annually from 1946 to 1958 and awarded this high award in 1958, Pasternak was forced to refuse it. Almost becoming the second Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, the writer was persecuted in his homeland, receiving stomach cancer as a result of nervous shock, from which he died. Justice triumphed only in 1989, when his son Evgeniy Pasternak received an honorary award for him “for significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for continuing the traditions of the great Russian epic novel.”
Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich received the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his novel Quiet Don" in 1965. It is worth noting that the authorship of this deep epic work, despite the fact that the manuscript of the work was found and a computer match was established with printed edition, there are opponents who claim the impossibility of creating a novel that demonstrates deep knowledge of the events of the First World War and Civil War at such a young age. The writer himself, summing up the results of his work, said: “I would like my books to help people become better, become purer in soul... If I succeeded in this to some extent, I am happy.”
Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1918 "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." Having spent most of his life in exile and exile, the writer created deep and frightening in its authenticity historical works. Upon learning of the Nobel Prize award, Solzhenitsyn expressed his desire to personally attend the ceremony. The Soviet government prevented the writer from receiving this prestigious award, calling it “politically hostile.” Thus, Solzhenitsyn never got to the desired ceremony, fearing that he would not be able to return from Sweden back to Russia.
In 1987 Brodsky Joseph Alexandrovich awarded Nobel Prize for Literature"for comprehensive creativity, imbued with clarity of thought and passion of poetry." In Russia, the poet never received lifelong recognition. He created while in exile in the USA, most of his works were written in impeccable English. In his speech as a Nobel laureate, Brodsky spoke about what was most dear to him - language, books and poetry...
The most prestigious literary prize world, which is awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in the field of literature. Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature, as a rule, are world-famous writers recognized in their homeland and abroad.
The first Nobel Prize for Literature was awarded on December 10, 1901. Its laureate was French poet and essayist Sully Prudhomme. Since then, the date of the award ceremony has not changed, and every year on the day of Alfred Nobel’s death, in Stockholm, one of the most significant in literary world awards from the hands of the King of Sweden are received by a poet, essayist, playwright, prose writer, whose contribution to world literature, according to the Swedish Academy, is worthy of such high praise. This tradition was broken only seven times - in 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942 and 1943 - when the prize was not awarded and no awards were given.
As a rule, the Swedish Academy prefers not to evaluate separate work, but the entire work of the nominated writer. In the entire history of the prize, specific works have been recognized only a few times. Among them: “Olympic Spring” by Karl Spitteler (1919), “The Juices of the Earth” by Knut Hamsun (1920), “The Men” by Vladislav Reymont (1924), “Buddenbrooks” by Thomas Mann (1929), “The Forsyte Saga” by John Galsworthy ( 1932), “The Old Man and the Sea” by Ernest Hemingway (1954), “Quiet Don” by Mikhail Sholokhov (1965). All these books were included in the Golden Fund of World Literature.
Today's list Nobel laureates consists of 108 names. Among them there are Russian writers. The first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize, in 1933, was the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Later, in different years, The Swedish Academy appreciated the creative merits of Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970) and Joseph Brodsky (1987). In terms of the number of Nobel laureates (5) in the field of literature, Russia is in seventh place.
The names of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature are kept secret not only during the current award season, but also for the next 50 years. Every year, experts try to guess who will win the most prestigious literary award, and especially gambling people place bets in bookmakers. In the 2016 season, the main favorite to receive the literary Nobel is the famous Japanese prose writer Haruki Murakami.
Premium amount- 8 million crowns (approximately 200 thousand dollars)
Creation date- 1901
Founders and co-founders. The Nobel Prize, including the Prize for Literature, was created by the will of Alfred Nobel. The award is currently administered by the Nobel Foundation.
Dates. Applications must be submitted by January 31st.
Identification of 15-20 main candidates - April.
Determination of 5 finalists - May.
Announcement of the winner's name - October.
Award ceremony - December.
Objectives of the award. According to Alfred Nobel's will, the Literature Prize is awarded to the author who has created the most significant literary work idealistic orientation. However, in most cases, the prize is awarded to writers based on their combined merits.
Who can participate? Any nominated author who receives an invitation to participate. It is impossible to nominate yourself for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Who can nominate? In accordance with the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, members of the Swedish Academy, other academies, institutes and societies with similar tasks and goals, professors of literature and linguistics at higher educational institutions, Nobel Prize laureates in literature, chairmen of authors' unions representing literary creativity in different countries.
Expert council and jury. Once all applications have been submitted, the Nobel Committee selects candidates and presents them to the Swedish Academy, which is responsible for determining the laureate. The Swedish Academy consists of 18 members, including respected Swedish writers, linguists, literature teachers, historians and lawyers. Nominations and prize fund. Nobel Prize laureates receive a medal, diploma and monetary reward, which varies slightly from year to year. Thus, in 2015, the entire Nobel Prize prize fund was 8 million Swedish kronor (approximately $1 million), which was divided among all laureates.