This article presents the biography of Borodin - composer and scientist. He successfully realized himself in opposite areas of activity. This happens very rarely. His life is an example of hard work and love for any type of creativity.
Biography
Alexander Borodin was born in St. Petersburg, 1833, November 12. His father was Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianov. The mother is a commoner Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova. The father was 62 years old when his son was born, the mother was 25. Due to class differences, the parents could not get married. The prince could not recognize the baby. Therefore, he was recorded as the son of the serfs of Gedian. Until the age of eight, our hero was considered the property of his father. Fortunately, he managed to give his son his freedom, shortly before own death. The prince also bought a stone house for his child and his mother. The girl was married to the doctor Kleineke. In 1840, Gedianov passed away, but this did not affect his son’s well-being. The unclear origin of our hero did not allow our hero to study at the gymnasium. However, he was educated at home. His mother paid attention to this Special attention. He was attended by excellent teachers.
Path in music
The Russian composer Borodin created a number of outstanding works during his student years. In addition, he played music as a cellist. Our hero continued to study music during his internship abroad. Composer A.P. Borodin, after returning to Russia, joined the circle of intellectuals. In the house of Botkin, his comrade-in-arms, he meets Balakirev. This man, along with Stasov, influenced the formation aesthetic worldview our hero. He introduced the composer to the group headed by Mussorgsky. With the arrival of our hero, this association acquired its completed form, after which it began to be called the “Mighty Handful.”
The composer is a consistent successor of the traditions of the Russian school of M. Glinka. Our hero owns 4 large-scale operatic works. His creations were the fruit of many years of work. “Bogatyrs” were written in 1868. Later, “Mlada” appeared in collaboration with other authors. For 18 years, our hero worked on his most ambitious creation - an opera called “Prince Igor”. This work is based on “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” This work our hero never managed to complete it. After the composer's death, the work was assembled from sketches by his friends. Opera by composer Borodin " The Tsar's Bride"was also not completed. The author only made sketches of it.
Chamber music
The creativity of our hero is mainly represented by chamber works. The composer Borodin created quartets, concertos and sonatas. Experts put him on a par with Tchaikovsky. These composers are recognized as the founders of the Russian quartet. The music created by composer Borodin is distinguished by its combination of epicness and lyricism. He shows scope and actively uses traditional Russian motifs. At the same time, his works fit into global trends. The composer is called the progenitor of European impressionism.
Outstanding Essays
The composer Borodin is famous for a number of his creations. The first symphony, written by our hero in 1866, shocked his contemporaries with its brightness, originality and power. Thanks to this work, the composer gained European fame. All 3 completed symphonies of our hero are pearls of Russian music. The operas “The Tsar's Bride” and “Prince Igor” gained worldwide fame. In them, the author embodies the best of what is present in Russian song. Broad pictures of Russian history appear before the listener. The composer's work is not numerous, but each of his works is a true masterpiece. Our hero's music is often performed by modern orchestras. The work “Prince Igor” is present in the repertoire of all opera houses Russia.
Society
The name of our hero is closely connected with pedagogical activity. Students appreciated a professor who was passionate about chemistry. He was distinguished by his delicacy and kindness, and was ready to help poor students. He defended students from various kinds of political persecution. The composer provided support to the people who participated in the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II. In addition to pedagogy, our hero is organizing a special free music school. He helped young talents find their path. Our hero spent a lot of effort on providing opportunities to receive higher education women. He organized medical courses for the fairer sex. Our hero taught there for free. In addition, he managed to edit a popular science magazine called “Knowledge” and lead a student choir.
Private life
Composer Borodin lived a rich creative and scientific life. I did not find complete happiness in the family sphere. Our hero met his wife during a business trip abroad. They got married in 1863. The wife suffered from asthma and did not tolerate the climate of St. Petersburg well. She often had to go to various warm regions. This situation undermined the family budget. The couple had no children. However, the family accepted several pupils, whom our hero considered daughters. An intense and difficult life undermined the health of our hero. He was torn between service, science and creativity. His heart could not stand such a load. 1887, February 27, Alexander Borodin died suddenly. After the death of our hero, his friends, under the leadership of Rimsky-Korsakov, completed “Prince Igor” and collected the composer’s creative heritage.
Date of birth: November 12, 1833
Date of death: February 27, 1887
Place of birth: St. Petersburg, Russian Empire
Borodin Alexander Porfirievich- one of the galaxy of famous Russian composers. Also Alexander Borodin was known as a chemist.
Alexander was born in October 1833. Mother, Avdotya Konstantinovna, was the daughter of a soldier, and father, Luka Stepanovich, was an Imereti prince. The relationship was extramarital, and the boy was recorded as the son of the prince's servant, the serf Porfiry Borodin.
Alexander was registered as a serf until the age of eight, and then his adoptive father gave him his freedom, and also bought a house for him and his mother. Since Prince Luka Gedianov did not want to advertise his child in accordance with the principles of that time, the boy was presented as a close relative of Avdotya Konstantinovna.
Being born out of wedlock did not allow the boy to go to school, but he received a good education at home, including learning to play the flute, piano, and cello. As a teenager he wrote his first concerto.
This was not the first piece of music written by the boy - he began to create at the age of nine. In addition, at the same young age, I became seriously interested in chemistry.
It was difficult for Alexander to plan his future, since he would not have been accepted into any higher educational institution because of his birth documents.
The mother eventually managed to register her son as a descendant of a merchant of the third guild, and he was finally able to finish his studies at the gymnasium and then enter a university. He became a volunteer student at the Medical Academy and continued his persistent studies in chemistry.
It was medicine that helped Alexander meet M. Mussorgsky. The latter was treated in the hospital where Alexander worked as a resident. Soon the young doctor became a doctor of medicine, defending his dissertation on the topic of acids in chemistry and toxicology.
At the same time, the young doctor became known to the general public by publishing in the newspaper treatise in balneology, related to research mineral waters in Soligach.
After that, he went to Europe for an internship. First it was the University of Heidelberg, and then participation in the congress of chemists. Afterwards, the scientist went to Paris to attend lectures by venerable scientists and work in libraries.
Two years later he returned to Heidelberg, where he met pianist E. Protopopova. Thanks to her, he began to study music and composition more intensively. In addition, they decided to get married.
After returning home, Alexander made a report on his business trip and became an adjunct professor. Despite this position, the scientist's financial situation was unstable and he had to postpone his wedding.
Financial problems constantly accompanied the family, even after the marriage, which forced Alexander to do translations and teach a lot.
However, he continued to move along career ladder, becoming first a professor and then an academician. In addition, he founded the Russian Chemical Society together with his teacher N. Zimin.
It must be said that Zimin did not approve of his student’s music studies, considering them harmful to science. Alexander was forced to hide his creativity from his teacher and colleagues.
After returning from Europe, Alexander was heard by M. Balakirev and invited to his musical community. The direction in which Alexander worked was epic musical works, imbued with patriotism and the greatness of the Russian people.
Probably his most monumental work was the opera “Prince Igor”, staged after the composer’s death.
He died in 1887 from a heart attack.
Achievements of Alexander Borodin:
Created more than forty scientific works in chemistry
Proposed a method for determining nitrogenous wastes in urine
Member of the Balakirevsky musical circle
Author of the opera "Prince Igor", which is a world heritage
One of the creators of Russian symphony
Created four symphonies
Wrote eight chamber instrumental ensembles
Author of more than ten romances
Created Women's medical courses
Dates from the biography of Alexander Borodin:
1833 born
1840 received his freedom from his father
1842 began composing music
1850 became a volunteer student at the Medical-Surgical Academy
1856 graduated from the academy
1858 became Doctor of Medicine
1859 went to Europe for an internship
1860 visit to Rome
1862 associate professor
1863 marriage to E. Protopopova
1867 completed the First Symphony
1977 became an academician of the Medical-Surgical Academy
Died 1887
Interesting facts of Alexander Borodin:
Was a friend of Mendeleev
Work on the opera “Prince Igor” took almost twenty years, and it was never finished
The composer's wife suffered from asthma; during attacks he acted as a doctor and nurse
Died from a broken heart
Several music schools in Russia are named after the composer, and in many cities there are streets with his name
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was born in St. Petersburg on October 31 (November 12), 1833 from an extramarital affair of 62-year-old Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili and 25-year-old beautiful bourgeois Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova and at birth was recorded as the son of the prince’s serf servant, Porfiry Ionovich Borodin.
Until the age of seven, the boy was his father’s serf, but before his death, he gave his son his freedom and bought a house for him and his mother, where Sasha spent his childhood. Due to his background, which did not allow him to enter the gymnasium, Borodin passed home schooling in all subjects of the gymnasium course, studied German and French languages and received an excellent education.
Already in childhood, he discovered musical talent, at the age of nine he wrote his first piece, the polka “Helen,” and at the age of 10, Alexander became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life’s work. A friend of his childhood and youth, Mikhail Shchiglev, recalled: “Not only his own room, but almost the entire apartment was filled with jars, retorts and all sorts of chemical drugs. Everywhere on the windows there were jars with various crystalline solutions. And Sasha was even persecuted a little for this: firstly, the whole house stank of chemicals, and secondly, they were afraid of a fire.”
Medicine and chemistry
In 1850, seventeen-year-old Alexander Borodin entered the Medical-Surgical Academy as a volunteer, from which he graduated in December 1856. While studying medicine, he continued to study chemistry.
In March 1857, Borodin was appointed resident of the Second Military Land Hospital, where he met the officer Modest Mussorgsky, who was being treated.
In 1859-1862. Borodin improved his knowledge in the field of medicine and chemistry abroad - in Germany (Heidelberg University), as well as in Italy and France. The Heidelberg period became especially significant for the young scientist, including because many young Russian scientists of various specialties studied at the famous university at that time. Among them were Mendeleev, Sechenov, Junge, who became Borodin’s friends and formed the so-called Heidelberg circle. When they gathered, they discussed not only scientific problems, but also issues of socio-political life, news of literature and art.
Upon returning from abroad, Alexander Porfirievich received the position of adjunct professor at the Medical-Surgical Academy, where until the end of his life he lectured and conducted practical classes with students. For some time he taught at the Forestry Academy, where he became a professor in the chemistry department, as well as at the Women's Medical Courses, of which he was one of the organizers.
From 1874 he headed chemical laboratory, and from 1877 he became an academician of the Medical-Surgical Academy.
In 1868, Borodin received his doctorate of medicine, having conducted chemical research and defended a dissertation on the topic “On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acid in chemical and toxicological relations.”
A.P. Borodin is a student and closest collaborator of the outstanding chemist N.N. Zinin, together with whom in 1868 he became a founding member of the Russian Chemical Society.
Founders of the Russian Chemical Society. 1868
A.P. Borodin is the author of more than 40 works on chemistry. It was he who discovered the method of producing bromine-substituted fatty acids by the action of bromine on silver salts of acids, known as the Borodin-Hunsdiecker reaction, was the first in the world (in 1862) to obtain an organofluorine compound - benzoyl fluoride, conducted a study of acetaldehyde, described the aldol and the chemical reaction of aldol condensation. His work in the field of chemistry has not yet lost its scientific significance.
While still studying at the Medical-Surgical Academy, Borodin began writing romances, piano pieces, and chamber instrumental ensembles, which displeased his supervisor Zinin, who believed that music studies interfered with serious scientific work. For this reason, during his internship abroad, Borodin, who did not give up musical creativity, was forced to hide it from his colleagues. Upon returning to Russia in 1862, he met the composer Mily Balakirev and joined his circle - the “Mighty Handful”. Under the influence of M.A. Balakireva, V.V. Stasov and other participants in this creative association determined the musical and aesthetic orientation of Borodin’s views as an adherent of the Russian national school in music and a follower of M.I. Glinka.
Musical creativity
IN musical creativity Borodin clearly sounds the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, patriotism and love of freedom, combining epic breadth and masculinity with deep lyricism.
The creative heritage of Borodin, who combined scientific and teaching activities with service to art, is relatively small in volume, but made a most valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics.
The most significant work of Borodin is rightfully recognized as the opera “Prince Igor”, which is an example of national heroic epic in music. Alexander Porfiryevich worked on the main work of his life for 18 years, but the opera was never finished: after Borodin’s death, the opera was completed and orchestrated based on original materials by composers Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. Staged in 1890 at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater, the opera was a resounding success and to this day remains one of the masterpieces of Russian opera art.
A.P. Borodin is also considered one of the founders of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia. Borodin's first symphony, written in 1867 and released simultaneously with the first symphonic works of N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and P.I. Tchaikovsky, marked the beginning of the heroic-epic direction of Russian symphony. The composer’s Second (“Bogatyrskaya”) Symphony, written in 1876, is recognized as the pinnacle of Russian and world epic symphony.
Among the best chamber instrumental works are the First and Second Quartets, presented to music lovers in 1879 and 1881.
Borodin the composer had the habit of writing the notes of his musical works in pencil. But pencil notes are short-lived and, in order to preserve them, Borodin covered the manuscript with a special gelatin solution he specially developed. This is how chemistry helped music!
Repin I.E. Portrait of the composer and chemist Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (1888), State Russian Museum
A.P. Borodin knew many artistically gifted people of his era, but his friendship with I.E. was especially striking. Repin. The personality of Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin especially attracted the artist. The constant desire for self-improvement, for learning everything new, involved in the widest sphere of creativity, attracted Repin to the world of science. He was not only familiar with the scientist, but was interested in him professional activity: attended public lectures, visited laboratories, operating rooms, collected and stored books, many of which bore dedicatory inscriptions.
Borodin died suddenly, from a heart attack, in 1887. A year later, Repin painted a portrait outstanding artist and the musician - as a kind of requiem for the death of a great man. He is depicted in his favorite pose during a concert in the Assembly of Nobility (now - Big hall St. Petersburg Philharmonic).
Borodin Alexander Porfirievich(1833 – 1887),
Russian composer.
He is one of the remarkable representatives of Russian culture of the second half of the 19th century V.: genius composer, outstanding chemist, active public figure, teacher, conductor, musical critic, he also showed extraordinary literary talent.
However, Borodin entered the history of world culture primarily as a composer. He created not so many works, but they are distinguished by the depth and richness of their content, the variety of genres, and the classical harmony of forms. Most of them are associated with the Russian epic, with the story of the heroic deeds of the people. Borodin also has pages of heartfelt, soulful lyrics; jokes and gentle humor are not alien to him.
For musical style The composer is characterized by a wide scope of narration, melody(Borodin had the ability to compose in folk song style), colorful harmonies, active dynamic aspiration. Continuing the traditions of M Glinka, in particular his opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila", Borodin created the Russian epic symphony, and also established the type of Russian epic opera.
Alexander was born on October 31 (November 12), 1833 in St. Petersburg. He was illegitimate son the middle-aged Georgian prince Luka Gedianov and the serf peasant woman Avdotya Antonova. The boy studied languages at home - German, French, English (later he also mastered Italian). He showed an early interest in music: at the age of eight he began taking lessons on the flute, and then on the piano and cello, at nine he composed a polka for piano four hands, and already at the age of fourteen he tried his hand at composing for a chamber ensemble.
However, what attracted Borodin most of all was not music, but chemistry, which became his profession. From 1850 to 1856 he was a volunteer student at the St. Petersburg Medical-Surgical Academy, upon graduation he remained there as a teacher and in 1858 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Then Borodin was sent on a scientific trip to Western Europe(1859–1862). Abroad, he met a young Moscow amateur pianist Ekaterina Sergeevna Protopopova, while playing music with whom he discovered the world of romantic music of Chopin, Liszt, and Schumann. Soon they got married. Upon returning to Russia, he was elected associate professor in the department of chemistry of the Medical-Surgical Academy, and in 1864 - an ordinary professor (later head) of the same department.
Despite his intensive studies in science, Borodin never abandoned music: during this period he created string and piano quintets, a string sextet and other chamber works. Decisive in his musical biography was 1862, when Borodin met and became friends with the composer Mily Balakirev and his circle (later known as the New Russian School or the “Mighty Handful”), consisting of Cesar Cui, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Modest Mussorgsky; under their influence, Borodin began work on a symphony in E-flat major.
Its completion was delayed due to the composer’s workload with scientific, teaching and publishing activities (Borodin taught at Women’s medical courses, edited Science Magazine“Knowledge”, etc.), however, in 1867 the symphony was nevertheless completed, and in 1869 it was performed under the baton of Balakirev. Borodin’s work on the farce opera Bogatyri dates back to 1867–1868 (a parody of the then widespread genre of romantic opera in Russian historical topic, using melodies by J. Offenbach, J. Meyerbeer, A. Serov, Russian songs, etc.); at the same time, he wrote several romances, which are masterpieces of Russian vocal lyrics.
A. Borodin. Romance "The Sleeping Princess"
The success of the First Symphony encouraged Borodin to continue working in this genre: in 1869 the idea of a symphony in B-flat minor appeared, but the composer soon abandoned it, attracted by the idea of an opera based on the plot ancient Russian epic A word about Igor's regiment. Soon the opera was also abandoned; Some of the music composed for her was included in the Second Symphony, the completion of which dates back to 1875. From about 1874, Borodin returned to his operatic concept and continued to work from time to time on individual scenes of Prince Igor. However, by the time of the composer's death, the opera remained unfinished.
During this period, Borodin also wrote two string quartets (1879 and 1885), two movements of the Third Symphony in A minor, musical picture for orchestra "B" Central Asia" (1880), a series of romances and piano pieces. His music begins to be performed in Germany, Belgium and France, largely thanks to the assistance of Franz Liszt, with whom Borodin maintained a personal acquaintance.
The opera Prince Igor is undoubtedly Borodin's greatest creative achievement. It was completed and instrumented after the death of the composer by his friends Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov and first staged in St. Petersburg in 1890. The Second and unfinished Third Symphonies, as well as the painting “In Central Asia” are close in imagery to opera: here is the same world Russia's heroic past, which brought to life music of remarkable power, extraordinary originality and bright color, sometimes marked by a rare sense of humor. Borodin did not stand out for his skill as a playwright, but his opera, thanks to its high musical merits, won stages all over the world.
Borodin died in St. Petersburg on February 15 (27), 1887 and was buried at Tikhvin cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
In memory of the outstanding scientist and composer the following were named:
State Quartet named after A.P. Borodin
Streets of Borodin in many localities in Russia and other countries
Assembly hall named after A.P. Borodin at the Russian Chemical Technology University named after. D. I. Mendeleeva
Children's School of Music named after A.P. Borodin in St. Petersburg.
Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 89 in Moscow.
Children's music school named after A.P. Borodin No. 17 in Smolensk
Major works
Operas
"Bogatyrs" (1867)
"Mlada" (together with other composers, 1872)
"Prince Igor" (1869-1887)
“The Tsar’s Bride” (1867-1868, sketches, lost)
Works for orchestra
Symphony No. 1 Es major (1867)
Symphony No. 2 in b-moll “Bogatyrskaya” (1876)
Symphony No. 3 in a minor (1887, completed and orchestrated by Glazunov)
Symphonic painting “In Central Asia” (1880)
Chamber instrumental ensembles
string trio on the theme of the song “How have I upset you” (g-moll, 1854-55)
Alexander Borodin was born on November 12, 1833 and was recorded as the son of the serf servant of Prince L. S. Gedianov - Porfiry Borodin. In reality, the future composer was the illegitimate son of the prince himself and the St. Petersburg bourgeois Avdotya Antonova, in whose house the child was raised.
Having shown an early interest in music, Borodin began learning to play the flute at the age of eight, and then the piano and cello. When the boy turned nine, he composed a polka for piano for 4 hands, and at sixteen his musical works were already praised by music critics, noting the “subtle aesthetic taste and poetic soul" of the young composer.
However, despite obvious successes in this area, Alexander nevertheless chose the profession of a chemist, enrolling in 1850 as a volunteer at the Medical-Surgical Academy, which he graduated from in 1856.
After Borodin received his doctorate in medicine in 1858, he was sent on a scientific trip to Western Europe, where he met his future wife, pianist Ekaterina Protopopova, who discovered many romantic composers for him, in particular Schumann and Chopin.
In parallel with scientific activity Borodin did not abandon his musical experiments. During his trip abroad, he created string and piano quintets, a string sextet and some other chamber works.
After returning to Russia in 1862, he became an associate professor at the Medical-Surgical Academy, and in 1864 - an ordinary professor of the same department.
Also in 1862, a significant meeting took place for Borodin - he met M. Balakirev, and subsequently with the rest of the members of his circle, known as “ Mighty bunch"(C. Cui, N. Rimsky-Korsakov and M. Mussorgsky). “Before meeting me,” Balakirev later recalled, “he considered himself only an amateur and did not attach importance to his exercises in composition. It seems to me that I was the first person to tell him that his real business was composing.”
Under the influence of the “Kuchkist” composers, Borodin’s musical and aesthetic views finally took shape and his art style, inextricably linked with the Russian national school.
All his work is permeated with the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, love for the motherland, and love of freedom. A striking example that is the Second Symphony, which Mussorgsky proposed to call “Slavic Heroic”, and the famous music critic V. Stasov - “Bogatyrskaya”.
Due to his great commitment to scientific and pedagogical activities, to which Borodin devotes almost more time than to music, work on each new work was delayed for months, and more often for years. Thus, the composer worked on his main work - the opera “Prince Igor”, starting from the late 1860s. I worked for eighteen years, but never managed to finish it.
At the same time, it is difficult to overestimate Borodin’s contribution to the development national science. The great Russian chemist D.I. Mendeleev said: “Borodin would have stood even higher in chemistry and would have brought even more benefits to science if music had not distracted him too much from chemistry.”
Borodin wrote more than 40 scientific papers on chemistry (he is the author of the discovery of a special chemical reaction, called the “Borodin reaction” in his honor).
Since 1874, Borodin began to head the chemical laboratory of the Medical-Surgical Academy. In addition, he was one of the organizers of the highest educational institution for women - Women's medical courses (1872–1887), at which he later taught.
By the end of his life, Borodin the composer achieved a certain fame outside of Russia. On the initiative of F. Liszt, with whom Borodin was friends, his symphonies were repeatedly performed in Germany. And in 1885 and 1886. Borodin traveled to Belgium, where his symphonic works enjoyed great success.
During this period, he wrote two string quartets, two movements of the Third Symphony in A minor, a musical picture for orchestra “In Central Asia,” a number of romances and piano pieces.
A.P. died Borodin on February 15, 1887 in St. Petersburg, without having time to finish either the opera “Prince Igor” or his Third Symphony (they were completed by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A.K. Glazunov).
Musical heritage:
Operas: "Bogatyrs"(opera-farce, 1867), "Mlada"(opera-ballet, 4th act, 1872), "Prince Igor"(libretto by A.P. Borodin based on “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, 1890)
Works for orchestra: 3 symphonies (No. 1, Es-dur, 1867; No. 2, Bogatyrskaya, h-moll, 1876; No. 3, a-moll, 1887, unfinished, 1st and 2nd parts recorded according to memory and orchestrated by A.K. Glazunov)
Chamber instrumental ensembles: string trio on the theme of the song “How did I upset you?”(1854–1855), string trio (until 1862), piano trio (until 1862), string quintet (until 1862), string sextet (1860–1861), piano quintet (1862 .), 2 string quartets (1879; 1881), "Serenade in the Spanish style from a quartet"(collective composition, 1886)
Works for piano 2 hands:" Pathetic Adagio"(1849), "Little Suite"(1885), Scherzo (1885)
Works for piano 3 hands : Polka, Mazurka, Dead March And Requiem from " Paraphrase on an unchangeable theme"(collective work by A.P. Borodin, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Ts. A. Cui, A. K. Lyadov, 1878)
Works for piano 4 hands:Scherzo(1861), "Tarantella"(1862)
(50s), "Beauty Fisherwoman" (1854–1855), “My songs are full of poison”(1868), "From my tears"(1871), "Arabic Melody"(1881), “For the shores of the distant fatherland”(words by A. S. Pushkin, 1881), "In people's houses"(words by N. A. Nekrasov, 1881), "Arrogance"(words by A.K. Tolstoy, 1884–1885)