Educational game “These flying flowers are butterflies!”
for younger students
Tomsk
Goals and objectives:
Introduce students to the variety of butterflies.
Learn to identify signs of similarity and difference in butterflies.
Instill love and careful attitude to native nature.
Item: the world, ecology
Class: 2-3
Lesson duration: 45 minutes
Necessary equipment: computer, multimedia projector, presentation “These flying flowers are butterflies!”, envelope No. 1 with a cut photo of a butterfly, envelope No. 2 - a table with a code, envelope No. 3 with a name and description appearance butterflies, envelope No. 4 with the text of the poem, colored sheets, folder with multicolors, title page of the booklet " These flying flowers are butterflies !”, sheet “The Legend of Butterflies”, sheet “Birth of a Butterfly”, sheet “Poets about Butterflies”, sheet “The Meaning of Butterflies”, sheet “Protection of Butterflies”, glue - pencil according to the number of groups.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
Good afternoon, dear guys! I am glad to welcome you to educational game, which will take the form of a short study.
II. Target setting
You will find out the theme of this game by guessing the riddle:
The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up
I didn't want to sleep anymore.
He moved, he started,
He soared up and flew away.
(Butterfly)
(The topic of the lesson appears on the screen on the cheek)
So today we will get acquainted with these amazing creatures that inhabit almost all corners of the Tomsk region.
The poet Maikov wrote:
“The valley is all in flowers,
Above these flowers -
A swarm of colorful butterflies,
A swarm of flying flowers!”
III. Work on the topic of the lesson
1) The legend of the appearance of butterflies(by clicking on the screen, photos of different butterflies appear)
I want to tell you a legend about how butterflies appeared : “Once upon a time, the goddess of flowers Flora decided to give the god Zeus a gift: she took the purity of early morning, the freshness of a mountain stream, the crystal shine of morning dew, the beauty and fragrance of all green plants and created a flower that had no equal in the whole wide world. God Zeus Having seen such a magnificent gift, he could not resist and kissed the delicate petal. And.. - oh miracle! - the flower broke away from the stem and flew away. This is how, according to ancient Greek legend, they appearedbutterflies.»
So, The topic of our mini-research is: “These flying flowers arebutterflies !»
2) A message about the structural features of butterflies associated with their lifestyle and habitat.(on the screen - the structure of the butterfly and photo beautiful butterflies)
Of all insects, butterflies are the most famous. There is hardly a person in the world who would not admire them. Butterflies- an extraordinary and beautiful creation of nature. They embody beauty and lightness. Butterflies belong to the class Insects. Butterfly Squad also called squad Lepidoptera. This name appeared because on the wings butterflies small scales (modified hairs) are laid down.
In insects from Butterfly squad compound eyes, one pair of antennae, three pairs of legs and wings on the chest. How they eat butterflies, - everyone knows. They suck out sweet nectar using their proboscis. Surprisingly butterflies have a smell, often even sweet! The scales on their wings can smell like vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, geranium and lemon.
Wings butterflies admire with their beauty and uniqueness. It’s amazing how nature has varied the colors of these insects and created real masterpieces on their wings! Wing shape butterflies is also very diverse. But the wings butterflies In addition to the main task - flight, they also perform various additional functions. Some have lower wings butterflies is a means of protection. They help her scare away enemies. On each of the wings there is one brightly colored spot in the shape of an eye. The flight style is also different different types butterflies: some during flight make evenly frequent wing beats, while others perform a magnificent soaring flight.
Now I invite you to become environmental explorers for a short time and show your knowledge and skills. And at the end of the game, together with you we will create a beautiful booklet “About Butterflies”. Divide into groups of 3 using colored tokens. So, let's begin our research:
3) Stage 1 - “Collect a portrait of a butterfly”
Envelopes No. 1 contain cut cards. Your task is to collect a portrait of a butterfly from them and stick it on the middle of a green sheet.
Well done! Everyone completed the first task. And now you can move on to stage 2:
4) “Magic cipher”
Open the envelope with No. 2. In front of you is a table with a code using which you need to guess the name of the butterfly whose image you received. In the table, each letter corresponds to a number, but this number can only be determined if you solve the example. After you fill out the third column of the table, you will be able to guess the name of the butterfly. Let's start the task. (Children work in groups)
Let's check what you got. Each group looks carefully at the screen and names its butterfly. ( On the cheek photographs of 9 butterflies appear on the screen in order and their names: swallowtail, Apollo, blackwing, urticaria, burdock, mourning butterfly, hawthorn, dawn, lemongrass)
5) Fizminutka
Let's take a little rest. I will recite a children's poem by Eduard Uspensky and illustrate it with gestures, and your task is to repeat after me.
This strange house without windows
People call it a cocoon.
Having twisted this house on a branch,
The caterpillar sleeps in it,
Sleeps without waking all winter,
And winter rushed by.
March, April, drops, spring....
Wake up, Sonyushka!
Under the bright spring sun
The caterpillar has no time to sleep,
She became a butterfly!
6) Stage 3 - Birth of a butterfly
Let's continue our exploration game. And now I invite you to watch and listen to how a butterfly is actually born. (By clicking on the screen, the “Birth of a Butterfly” slide appears. The teacher comments)
Thanks to the developed organ of taste, the female butterfly finds a suitable plant for future caterpillars and lays eggs. All butterflies have taste buds on their “legs” and other places on the body, including the proboscis.
Having hatched from the egg, the small caterpillar eats its shell, which is very nutritious and begins its rapid development.
The caterpillar then looks for a suitable place to pupate. Using the silken web secreted by her arachnoid glands, she weaves a pendant at the end of her body and a “harness” around it.
In the fall, the caterpillar molts, and under the old skin a new skin of the pupa appears, which hardens in the air. Before wintering, most species of caterpillars are freed from their old skin, and a cocoon is obtained in which they overwinter.
Shortly before leaving the cocoon, the outlines of the butterfly become noticeable: wings, antennae “antennae” and abdominal segments are visible. Gradually the butterfly opens the cocoon and pushes away from it. After leaving, her body is still very soft and she needs to wait for it to harden and her wings to dry. Therefore, the butterfly must straighten its wings as much as possible before they dry, otherwise they may turn out to be shorter than normal.
After several exercises of opening and closing the wings while sitting, the wings are completely dry and the butterfly is ready for its first flight.
7) Stage 4 - “Find out by description.”
And now I want to check how attentive you are. Look at the portraits of your butterflies again and try to recognize them by their descriptions. ( The description of the butterflies is read out one by one, and the participants, having recognized theirs, name it. Then a photo of the guessed butterfly and its name appear on the screen, cheek by jowl. (for check)
Large daytime butterfly. The wings are angular: males are lemon yellow. Females are greenish-white; in the middle of each wing there is a small orange-yellow spot. The caterpillars are green with a white longitudinal stripe on their sides and feed on buckthorn leaves. ( Lemongrass, or Krushinnitsa)
The wings are solid white with black veins. A thin black line runs along the edges of the wings. The scale cover is weak, as a result of which the wings of females are translucent. It feeds on all fruit crops, as well as on wild shrubs. ( hawthorn)
This butterfly was named so because the males have bright orange tops of their forewings. The female does not have orange spots. From below, the hind wings of both the female and the male have gray-green fields along white background. Inhabits hedgerows, gardens and damp meadows. ( Zorka)
This butterfly can be recognized by its black and yellow coloration and “tails” on the hind wings. This large butterfly does not let humans get close. Its caterpillars are poisonous and have bright warning colors. ( Swallowtail)
This butterfly has “ragged wings” resembling dry leaves on the underside of its hind wings White spot in the shape of the letter "C". Leaf-shaped wings provide this butterfly with good camouflage. Lives in light forests, hedges and gardens. ( Corner cover)
White or yellowish butterflies with a black pattern and an eye-shaped spot with a red dot in the center. Most of these butterflies live in the mountains, but can also be found in meadows in the Tomsk region. Caterpillars feed mainly on plants of the Crassulaceae family. ( Apollo)
The outer edge of the wings of this butterfly is jagged, each wing with one sharp projection. The wings are brick-red on top with a number of large black spots at the edges separated by yellow spaces. There is a small white spot at the top of the forewing. Along the outer edge of the wings there is a row of blue, crescent-shaped spots. The butterfly feeds on nettles, hops, and hemp. ( Hives)
The color of the butterfly above is light brick red with black spots and white spots at the end of the forewings. The underside of the hind wings has dark and light streaks. ( Painted lady)
The color of the wings of this butterfly is dark brown or cherry brown. Wings with a wide light yellow border and a number of blue or light blue spots in front of it. There are two large yellowish-white spots on the leading edge of the wings. The butterfly is cautious, stays in the crowns of birch trees, where its caterpillars develop, and does not often fall to the ground. ( Mourning maid)
Now it’s time for each group to open the envelopes with No. 3 and paste the resulting name and description of the butterfly under its image on a green sheet.
8) Stage 5 of our research "Poetic" . A lot of poems are dedicated to beautiful butterflies. Now we will listen to what poets write about butterflies. (Several people, prepared in advance, read poems about butterflies) And now we invite you to briefly imagine yourself as poets and try to compose a poem. In envelope No. 4, take the text and replace the blanks with the right words. Let's start the task.
Assignment in envelope No. 4
"Make a poem."
Why does nature need (.........)?
We must tell you about this now.
(.........) they serve birds and animals
Lizards, amphibians, even spiders.
Butterflies can also (.........)
So that fruits can then form from flowers,
And for humanity many years in a row
Silk threads are supplied by (.........).
Butterflies of our nature (.........)
They contain love and a fairy tale, happiness and dreams,
Let butterflies live and delight our eyes,
Let them all be filled with light (...................).
(Words for reference: beauty, food, earthly space, silkworm, pollinate flowers, butterflies).
So, let's hear what you came up with. (The guys read out resulting poems)
Now let’s read this poem in chorus again, looking at the screen. (When clicked, the text of the poem appears on the screen)
What is the significance of butterflies in nature?
serve as food for other animals
pollinate flowers
supply silk threads
delight us with their beauty
9) Stage 6 - Butterfly protection
What can you and I do to protect butterflies? (By clicking on the screen, the Rules of Nature's Friends appear)
do not catch butterflies;
do not pick flowers, because butterflies feed on their nectar;
protect rare butterflies;
protect the home of butterflies - these are forests and meadows.
10) Stage 7 – final. Booklet design“These flying flowers are butterflies!”
To remember our little research, I suggest you make a booklet"These flying flowers are butterflies!" , using the material that you got.(The guys make a booklet according to the following plan:
1. Title page– prepared by the teacher
2. The legend of butterflies - prepared by the teacher
3. The birth of a butterfly - prepared by the teacher
4. Portraits of butterflies and their descriptions – students draw up in class
5. Poets about butterflies - children prepare poems about butterflies in advance and draw them up on sheets of paper
6. The meaning of butterflies - students make up in class
7. Protection of butterflies - students make up during the lesson.)
(During the design of the booklet, the song-clip “Look Around” is played)
IV. Lesson summary
I thank everyone for their work and give each participating pathfinder a sticker in the shape of a butterfly. And as a reminder of our meeting, we will have in our classroom the booklet “These Flying Flowers Are Butterflies!”, which you can add to interesting facts, photographs, poems about these amazing creatures. See you again!
List of used literature
1. Zubkova T.N. Natural history for everyone. – M.: Sfera, 2001.
2. Babenko A.S. Insects of the Tomsk region. – Tomsk: Publishing House “Printed Manufactory”, 2010. – 80 p.
2. Stepanova O.A., Rydze O.A. Didactic games in lessons in primary school. – M.: Sfera, 2005.
3. Photo of butterflies.
4. Encyclopedia for children. T. 2. Biology / Comp. S. T. Ismailova. - 3rd ed. reworked and additional -M. : Avanta +, 1996.
Morozova Marina Yurievna
Summer! The air is filled with aroma colors, amazing beauty, and above them they flutter, circle butterflies - bright, elegant, one more beautiful than the other!
There is no continent on Earth where fragile unearthly beauty is not glorified in myths and legends butterflies.
IN Ancient Rome they said they were fluttering butterflies as if flowers, torn by the wind and floating across the sky!
In Japan butterfly considered a symbol of happiness! In Japan, every home must have at least one image butterflies. If suddenly a living one flies into the house butterfly, then this means that happiness is nearby, on the threshold!
Exists ancient legend related to butterflies: you need to whisper your wish the butterfly is so quiet so that for all living beings it would remain a secret and let it go. Butterflies can't talk, so she won’t be able to tell anyone about your secret request. On her fragile wings she will quickly deliver your request straight to heaven and your wish will definitely come true!
There are thousands of different species in the world butterflies. Many butterflies so similar to each other that it is very difficult to distinguish them.
I invite you to admire the fragile unearthly beauty of the beautiful butterflies. The publication presents photographs of butterflies from personal archive taken while relaxing in nature.
Butterflies- one of the most beautiful and colorful insects. Butterflies surprise people with their unearthly beauty, unusually beautiful wings, and ease of flight.
Butterflies- a large group of insects that can be found everywhere in every corner of our planet. Together with moths, they form the order of Lepidoptera insects.
Lifespan butterflies different types - different. Average butterflies live one to two weeks, there are butterflies that live for several months, but there are butterflies - ephemerals.
Butterfly very interestingly arranged!
U butterflies have no bones, but the body has a hard shell.
Corpuscle butterfly consists of a head, chest and abdomen.
Four wings are attached to the chest. The wings usually have a very bright upper side, while the lower side is less noticeable. Pattern on the wings butterflies identical - mirror reflection Images. Butterflies, sitting down on flowers, fold their wings, becoming invisible from above.
Antennae – antennas required butterfly for that to touch objects and smell them. With the help of antennae butterfly can smell smells from afar.
Eyes butterflies consist of many small eyes. Butterfly poorly distinguishes the shape of objects, but sees very well colors: yellow, red, purple.
I learned a lot of interesting things about what they eat butterflies!
Mostly butterflies have a sweet tooth, they feed flower nectar, some eat fruits and honey.
More recently, scientists have solved interesting riddles O butterflies. It turned out that some butterflies throughout their entire lives they do not eat anything at all - they live off supplies from the times when they were caterpillars.
Butterfly when she wants to eat, she sits on flower. Taste butterfly feels with its feet. If she stands on nectar, she immediately feels its taste, and if she likes it, she unfolds her proboscis and begins to drink the nectar.
All adults butterflies six legs, although some only have four legs clearly visible - two more legs are very small and very difficult to see. These two little legs help the butterfly controls the proboscis.
Butterflies lay eggs on the leaves of plants, larvae crawl out of the eggs (caterpillars).
The caterpillars then curl up into a cocoon (doll). It gradually develops butterfly. Butterfly breaks the cocoon and attaches itself to a tree trunk, opens its wings, exposing them to the sun to dry them, and only after that takes off.
Butterflies They can be very beautiful and give us pleasure to admire them!
To all colleagues Thanks a lot for your attention and support!
Publications on the topic:
"Fluttering Flowers, or These Amazing Butterflies." One-day educational and creative project with older preschoolers Project participants: Pupils preparatory group combined focus (children with disabilities, teachers, parents. Project idea: Organize.
Continuing the topic teaching aids for working with children preschool age, I offer another master class on making an original one.
Lesson summary “Flowers for a butterfly” Directly educational activities based on a game on the topic: “Flowers for a butterfly” in senior group(as part of the creative week).
For three days from June 5 to 7, the 12th open festival-competition of circus art “Flowers of Russia” was held in Vyborg. All participants from 40 cities.
Goals and objectives: teach children to use acquired knowledge and skills in their work; develop imagination, creativity and imagination; be able to see.
We became acquainted with delicate butterflies back in early childhood- when these fluttering creatures confuse a bright child's Panama hat with a flower, and sit on it for a split second - to fearfully fly up and cause a smile and questions: where are you from, fleeting beauty? Where will you fly now? Will you come back? These exciting thoughts could not hide from the sensitive mind of the poet, and in response to them an amazingly subtle poem about a butterfly could not help but be born.
Afanasy Fet. Butterfly
You are right. With one airy outline
I'm so sweet.
All the velvet is mine with its living blinking -
Only two wings.
Don't ask: where did it come from?
Where am I hurrying?
Here I lightly sank onto a flower
And here I am breathing.
For how long, without purpose, without effort,
Do I want to breathe?
Right now, sparkling, I will spread my wings
And I'll fly away.
The joy of childhood: a cheerful summer meadow, the sun in the sky, mom nearby, a net in her hand: “Mom, look how big it is!” - and cheerful pursuit of a flying flower. And she seems to guess about the game, and then slowly flies up to the shiny clasps of the sandals, then suddenly flies high to the tops of the birches, and the baby runs, laughs and it seems that the whole world is laughing at this game. And then, without breathing, he looks at this living magic and, obeying a gentle impulse of his heart, raises his palms to the sun and releases the weightless unearthly beauty into its soaring heights. Gentle and subtle poems for children about butterflies reveal the whole essence of this charm and childish kind spontaneity.
Nikolay Grakhov. "About a butterfly."
I took a big net in my hands
And he waited for a long time.
But here's the jump
But here's the leap -
I caught a butterfly.
I blew on her wings
I was a little sad,
Then he looked
Then he sighed
And then he let go...
The first butterflies always appear suddenly in early spring - in the sunshine, in the quiet of sunny forest clearings or on the slopes of city parks. Their appearance seems to put an end to the long winter rigmarole, and colors spring with a cheerful fireworks: now final! Top Authors, recognized classics of Russian and foreign literature wrote amazing poems about butterflies, in which they sang this joyful feeling of revived nature!
Vladimir Nabokov. From the novel "The Gift".
The snow disappeared from the slopes into the ditches,
And St. Petersburg spring
Excitement and anemones
And the first butterflies are full.
But I don't need last year's
Vanessas withered over the winter,
Lemongrass are worthless,
Flying through a transparent forest.
But I'll look out for four
Adorable gas wings
The most tender moth in the world
Among the spots of a white trunk.
Nabokov’s words are also echoed by simple poems for children about a butterfly by modern authors.
Maria Piudunen. "Butterflies"
Why do flowers fly
Among the grass without stems?
They squat on the windows
In the brilliance of the sun's lights,
And they spin around in a merry dance
So elegant and bright?
This is the butterfly meeting
Long-awaited warmth.
Victor Gvozdev. "Living Flower"
Sun, sky and breeze...
A butterfly sat on a delicate flower.
The touch of the feet is light,
She spread her wings like petals.
Ooo! A miracle happened! Among the beauty
Like magic, flowers appeared!
...I wanted to see the beauty closer,
But the most beautiful flower flew away!
All summer they decorate cities and villages: they flutter, color forests and plains, and soar to the tops of mountains. And how joyful it is to meet a fluttering butterfly in a distant exotic country - both to be delighted and surprised: how large and bright they are here! Butterflies were sung in verse by romantic poets who lived many centuries ago...
Arakida Moritake. Ranga "Butterfly". Translation by K. D. Balmont
What is this? fallen flower
Flying onto the branch again?
No. This is a butterfly.
Take a butterfly in your hands and tenderly and reverently hold it, marvel at the lightness, grace and marvel at the perfection of the mechanics created by Nature: not a single flaw, everything is thought out, everything is proportionate and everything works flawlessly.
David Samoilov. Butterfly.
I'll blow you off my palm
So as not to damage the pollen.
Fly over this dune.
Summer is coming to an end.
Over the flowers in the meadows,
Over the wall of reeds
Live your deception
Bluegrass, butterfly, soul.
The decoration of nature, the elegant decor of everyday life - butterflies are always nearby, and always invariably arouse interest, curiosity, and admiration. The flight of a butterfly, its way of life causes many philosophical thoughts. And they turn into a poem about butterflies - without even being rhymed.
Haruki Murakami. From the book “1Q84”
To make friends with a butterfly, you must first turn into a piece of nature yourself. Turn off the person inside, hide inside - and imagine yourself as a tree, grass or flower.
Butterflies are admired and studied in the most serious scientific institutions. Butterflies today are a wonderful all-season gift: with a verse about a butterfly, a child can give it to his mother for his birthday or on March 8... a young man can accompany a declaration of love... newlyweds can exchange their first marriage kiss... These fresh flowers are always nearby and always evoke the warmest emotions!
Master Class
"Butterflies fly over flowers"
The rain just comes
The rain won't wait
After all, he knows better
Like falling from heaven.
He will be cold
Or maybe not
Rescue from the rain
Not in this world.
Soon there will be sunshine
Joyfully shine
And today is summer
Let's draw!
Drawing is one of the most favorite activities of most preschoolers. In the drawing, the child reflects his impressions of the environment, expresses his attitude towards it. Bright colors gives children a pleasant feeling .
Summer this year was rainy. There are very few sunny days. Today we will create summer picture, thereby lifting our mood.
The goal of our master class: developing children's creative abilities through the use of unconventional techniques drawing through the use of color as a means of conveying mood.
Let's prepare for work large leaf white paper and flower blanks.
The flowers are bright and colorful. First, you can hold them in your hands and play the game “Find the red (yellow, etc.) flower.
Now we will glue them at the bottom of the sheet.
The children glued a lot of flowers. But take a closer look at what our flowers are missing. Well, of course the middle.
Let's prepare pokes and paints of bright colors: red, green, yellow.
To paint the centers, choose a paint of a contrasting color so that it does not merge with the color of the flower itself.
The result was a flower meadow.
It's time to draw butterflies. And we will draw with our palms. You just need to make them bright and colorful.
We place our palms on the paper and press it to make a good print.
Now you need to color the butterflies. To do this, we again take pokes and paints. And gradually we begin to draw spots on the prints of our palms.
Then we will draw the butterflies' head, body, legs and antennae.
To draw eyes and mouths, take a thin stick.
Well, our creativity is finished, admire the result! And let it rain outside the window. And in our picture there is a multi-colored summer!
A miracle in a forest clearing -
There are bows on the flowers,
The butterflies have settled
Like colored candy wrappers.
G.Ryaskina
Head of the “Colorful Palms” circle Tint I.V.
For every nature lover, butterflies are a celebration of the soul. The richness of colors and flight, sometimes swift, sometimes leisurely, is what most of us notice. Butterflies are beautiful creations of living nature, the pinnacle of its artistic mastery, a masterpiece of evolution.
A baby starting to take his first steps and a gray-haired “young naturalist” treat these wonderful works of nature with the same spiritual trepidation, intuitively wanting to be purer, kinder, more perfect.
Once upon a time, the goddess of flowers Flora decided to give the god Zeus a gift: she took the purity of the early morning, the freshness of a mountain stream, the crystal shine of morning dew, the beauty and fragrance of all green plants and created a flower that had no equal in the whole wide world. God Zeus, seeing such a magnificent gift, could not resist and kissed the delicate petals. And - oh miracle! The flower broke away from the stem and flew away. This is how, according to ancient Greek legend, butterflies appeared.
Of all insects, butterflies are the most famous. When you see a butterfly, you will almost always say that it belongs to the order Lepidoptera. All butterflies have wings covered with tightly packed scales. This is a sign of the detachment for which it is named. The scales on the wings of butterflies are of great importance in the life of insects. They are necessary for flight, camouflage, warning of enemies, and important for procreation.
The scales are arranged in regular rows across the wing, their ends facing its side edge, and the bases are covered with the ends of the previous row, like tiles on a roof. The scale itself is a sac with transparent, often ribbed walls. Inside the sac there is a tiny drop of pigment - a coloring substance, on which the pattern on the wings or their color depends. In addition to the pigment, the color of the wings is also influenced by the scale walls. The walls themselves are not the same, and the light is refracted when passing through them, also differently. Hence the variety and play of colors on the wings of butterflies.
The second main characteristic of butterflies is the structure of their oral apparatus. Most butterflies have a soft and flexible proboscis. Its length depends on the depth of the calyx of the flowers on which the butterflies feed. Sometimes the proboscis is very short, sometimes long, up to 35 cm, as, for example, in the Madagascar hawk moth.
The proboscis curls and straightens. There are butterflies that do not have a mouthpart; such butterflies do not eat anything as adults and live on reserves accumulated by caterpillars. The butterfly's body is divided into head, chest and abdomen. The butterfly's eyes are complex, faceted. A butterfly has up to 17,000 facets in its compound eye. The antennae of daytime butterflies are club-shaped. Butterflies are dioecious. They reproduce by laying eggs. Caterpillars emerge from the eggs.
Caterpillars are the larvae of butterflies. As a child, I could not understand how beautiful butterflies emerge from such ugly caterpillars. I decided to research the butterfly development cycle.
At the end of August 2008, I collected clutches of cabbage white eggs. Cabbage whites lay clusters of up to 250 barrel-shaped, pale-colored eggs on the underside of cabbage leaves. I cut off the leaves with egg clutches and placed them in an insectarium. After about a week, the caterpillars emerged from the eggs. I began to observe how they behave, how much food they eat, the nature of damage to cabbage leaves, and the molting of caterpillars. The caterpillars were fed fresh cabbage leaves. Caterpillars have a worm-like shape, a rounded head with with simple eyes and gnawing mouthparts. Each of the three thoracic segments bears a pair of segmented legs with claws. three pairs of real, dismembered, and five pairs of false, inarticulate legs. Its body is covered with sparse short hairs. Young cabbage caterpillars scrape off only the skin and pulp of the leaf, older ones make holes in the leaf, and adults eat the entire leaf. Young caterpillars stayed in small clusters. As they grew, they spread all over the leaf and moulted. The color of young caterpillars is ocher, while adults are bluish-green with three longitudinal yellow stripes and many black dots on the back and sides. The caterpillars grow quickly and molt several times. The grown caterpillar crawls onto a tree, fence or wall. Here she sheds her skin and turns into a pupa. The pupa is ovoid in shape, motionless, can only move its abdomen convulsively, and is covered with a dense shell. I placed the insectarium with pupae in a cold place, where in winter the temperature did not exceed -8-10 degrees, and kept several pupae in room conditions. In January I brought the insectarium into the room. After 2-3 weeks, butterflies emerged from the frozen pupae, but no butterflies emerged from the unfrozen pupae that were in the house. I concluded that in animals with variable body temperature, the rate of development depends on temperature. Within the range of approximately 6 to 36 degrees, for every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of development doubles. Therefore, depending on the length of the warm period and on average daily temperatures, many species of butterflies have different number generations. The butterfly emerging from the pupa has small soft wings. She sits in one place for several hours until her wings spread and get stronger. Thus, the development of butterflies occurs with a complete transformation: egg, larva, pupa, adult insect. Cabbage whiteweed is harmful to gardening.
All butterflies of the nymphalid family are very beautiful, their caterpillars live mainly on weeds, so they do no harm, but butterflies greatly decorate our fields, forests, and meadows. Butterflies are excellent pollinators of flowering plants. But in Lately All
4 fewer butterflies are found in our meadows. And it’s not about birds and insectivorous animals. It's about the people who catch it - they just can't pass by! – beautiful butterflies, they are destroyed aimlessly, collecting them in collections.
Like the entire living world surrounding humans, butterflies suffer from general pollution environment, from uncontrolled use in agriculture various chemical substances, from changes in biotopes during human development of new territories.
1. Preservation of the Earth's vegetation cover.
2. Eliminate chemical methods of pest control and replace them with biological ones, since plants and beneficial insects suffer more from chemicals.
3. Control the number of butterfly populations naturally, focusing on their “natural enemies” - insectivorous birds and mammals, ladybugs, hunter wasps, riders.
5. Propaganda among the population about the importance of butterflies in nature.
6. Strict protection of habitats of rare species.
7. Limitation economic activity in habitats of rare species, prohibition of haymaking and grazing.
8. Study of the distribution and biology of the species in the region.
When prosperity is restored in nature, it will be restored in the world of butterflies.
You are a man who loves nature,
At least sometimes feel sorry for her;
On pleasure trips
Don't waste its fields.
In the station bustle of the century
Hurry to appreciate it!
She is your old, kind doctor,
She is the ally of the soul.
And don’t exhaust it to the bottom,
And remember the simple truth:
There are many of us, but she is alone.