Any work of art looking to the future. In the history of art one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about impending social danger: wars, schisms, revolutions, etc. The ability to provide foresight is inherent in great artists, and perhaps this is what main strength art.
The German painter and graphic artist of the Renaissance Albrecht Dürer () created a series of engravings “Apocalypse” (Greek apokalypsis revelation, this word serves as the name of one of the ancient church books that contains prophecies about the end of the world). The artist expressed an anxious expectation of world-historical changes, which indeed shook Germany after some time. Albrecht Durer
The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse The most significant of this series is the engraving “The Four Horsemen”. The horsemen Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence fiercely sweep across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. The swirling clouds and horizontal streaks of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement. According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on earth one by one, but the artist deliberately placed them next to each other. Just like in life, war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this arrangement of figures lies in Durer’s desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having destroyed the wall that the artist had erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, horsemen would inevitably burst into real world
The reason for the creation of “Guernica” by Pablo Picasso was the bombing of the Basque country city of Guernica. During Civil War In Spain, on April 26, 1937, the Condor Legion, a volunteer unit of the Luftwaffe, carried out a night raid on Guernica. Painting “Guernica” by P. Picasso Several aerial bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a devastating fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various estimates, about people were injured. The artist showed the brutal face of war, a reflection of that terrible reality in abstract forms, and it is still in our anti-war arsenal.” In general, this picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of people’s heartlessness. "Guernica" by Pablo Picasso
Bolshevik. B. Kustodiev In the painting “Bolshevik” Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev (1878–1927) used a metaphor ( hidden meaning), which has not been solved for many decades. For many years this picture was interpreted as a solemn hymn to a persistent, strong-willed, unbending revolutionary, towering above ordinary world, which he overshadows with a red flag soaring into the sky. Many Events last decade XX century made it possible to understand what the artist consciously or, most likely, unconsciously felt at the beginning of the century. Today this picture is filled with new content. But how artists at that time managed to sense the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.
New planet. K. Yuon The new planet is Soviet Russia, the appearance of which shook the universe and moved the stars from their paths. Tiny figures of people thrown to the ground in horror or stretching out their hands to the sky filled with mystical light are intended to remind us that the fate of one person is insignificant against the backdrop of world cataclysms, one of which Yuon sees as the October Revolution.”
IN musical art An example of foresight is the piece for orchestra “The Unanswered Question” (“ Space landscape"") by American composer Charles Ives (). Unanswered question It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. at the time when they took place scientific discoveries in the field of space exploration and creation aircraft(K. Tsiolkovsky). This piece, built on a dialogue between strings and woodwind instruments, became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.
Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov () The painting is a real polyphony of planes and semicircles, which are spread across the field of the canvas and are associated with sound waves emanating from the bell tower of Ivan the Great. In the imagination, this painting evokes polyphonic Easter crimson chimes. The cubo-futuristic style of writing does not interfere with the recognition of the traditional Russian white-stone chambers and towers with characteristic arches, openings and domes. The unstable cone of the bell tower bends its head towards the main dome, and they seem to be engulfed in a single rhythm emanating from the bell ringer in the center of the picture, trying to swing the bell. A cascade of color and sound waves is combined with light sectors of triangles and semicircles, creating complete image microcosm. Bell tower of Ivan the Great
In the paintings “Moscow” and “St. Basil’s”, unprecedented, fantastic forces shift established forms and concepts, a chaotic mixture of colors conveys kaleidoscopic, fragile images of the city and individual buildings, disintegrating into countless elements. All this appears before the audience as a moving, flickering, sounding, emotionally rich world. The widespread use of metaphor helps the artist transform ordinary things into bright, generalized images. Moscow St. Basil the Blessed
P a g e Look up the meaning of woodcut in the dictionary. A series of engravings by A. Durer “Apocalypse” was made using this technique. What did the artist want to express in his paintings: anxiety, the electrification of the consciousness of his contemporaries? the changing impermanence of the world? feeling of joy and brightness of life? Give your opinion about artistic images paintings Consider the painting “New Planet” by K. Yuon, painted in 1921. Give an interpretation of the idea of this painting from a human perspective today. Artistic and creative task Develop a musical literary script on the theme “Ringing bells of Russia” (“And the ringing of bells rushes over the earth...”).
Mars has two natural satellites
Such a surprisingly accurate guess
can be found on the pages of the book
"Gulliver's Travels"
written by Jonathan Swift in
1735 Only 142 years later, in
1872 satellites of the Red Planet -
Phobos and Deimos - were discovered
astronomers.
In 1865, in a fantastic
novel "From the Earth to the Moon"
Jules Verne came up with the idea
solar sails. This one is brave
the guess came true
after 145 years, when was
first solar used
sail (IKAROS). Submarine on
electricity
In the book "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea"
(1870) by the same Verne
amazing submarine "Nautilus"
runs on electricity.
Real submarines with
electric motor
appeared 90 years later - in the 60s
years of the twentieth century. Credit cards
Edward Bellamy predicted
appearance credit cards V
its fantastic
the work "Look Back" for
62 years before their invention,
which happened in 1962. Tanks
And a few years later
Wells wrote a story
"Land battleships"
(1903), in which he described tanks.
After 13 years, these fighting
cars appeared in the fields
battles of the First World War
war.. Lie detector
In fiction
first mention of a lie detector
can be found in the work of E.
Bulmer and W. McHagen “Luther
Trent" (1910). First
use of a real polygraph
happened in 1924. Solar energy
In 1911 Hugo Gernsbeck
novel "Wreck-It Ralph 124C 41+"
predicted use
solar energy for good
humanity. 67 years have passed - and
in 1978 the first
calculators that
recharged with the energy of our
luminaries Atomic bomb
One of the darkest predictions made by H.G. Wells was
the invention of the atomic bomb and nuclear war are described in the book
"The Liberated World" (1914).
A little more than three decades passed and atomic bombs fell on
Japanese cities. By the way, in the same novel the English science fiction writer
He also spoke about cheap nuclear energy. Voicemail
It took about 57 years for
implementation of the prediction
Wells on the use
voicemail (novel “People Like
gods"). Spread it
technical innovation received
after 1980. Drop headphones
Description of this type
miniature headphones can be
read on the pages of the novel
Ray Bradbury's "451 Degrees"
Fahrenheit", published in 1950
year. Music lovers had to
wait a little more than half a century,
while Apple released
the first headphones of this kind to hit the market
kind. Communications satellites
In 2001: A Space Odyssey
of the Year" (1951) American
science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke
predicted the appearance in orbit
Earth artificial satellites
communications. We didn't have to wait long -
was launched already in 1965
the first such satellite. Virtual reality
Five years later Clark
wrote "The City and the Stars", where
video games are mentioned in
virtual reality. In 1966
year, that is, only 10 years
later, the first one was developed
flight simulator, embodied in
life this genius's guess
science fiction writer Waterbeds
Distinguished himself in the field of predictions and
another famous science fiction writer -
Robert Heinlein. In a 1961 book
"Stranger in a Strange Land" is given
description of waterbeds, and
the first patent for them was issued in
1971 Bionic prosthetics
Martin Caidin came up with this idea
on the pages of his “Cyborg”
(1972). 41 years later, in 2013,
the first bionic was created
prosthetic leg. The best chess player among people
will be beaten by the computer up to 2000
year
This is exactly the forecast made by Raymond Kurzweil in his book “The Century”
intelligent machines", published in 1990, when chess
computers were beaten by grandmasters almost without problems.
However, just 7 years later, the supercomputer Deep Blue beat Harry
Kasparov - the strongest chess player on the planet.
Today, chess programs are so powerful that a match between
man and computer have lost all sporting meaning. The lunar module will be launched on
Florida and back to Earth
splashes down in the ocean
104 years before Apollo 11's flight to the Moon, this is exactly how it was
described in Jules Verne's novel From the Earth to the Moon (1865).
Everything went according to the same scenario in reality - team
American astronauts led by Neil Armstrong splashed down
in a special module and was soon picked up by the aircraft carrier Hornett.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
THANK YOUTHANK YOU FOR
FOR
ATTENTION
ATTENTION
Russian language teacher and
literature
MKOU "LYCEUM s. V. MAMON"
Spitsyna Tatyana Viktorovna.
Subject "Predictions in Art"
Objective of the lesson: show the ability of works of art to predict historical events; develop skills in analyzing artistic and musical works.
Equipment: computer, projector, presentation, reproductions of paintings by B. Kustodiev, A. Durer, P. Picasso, musical composition by Charles Ives, fragment of the film by Andrei Rublev.
Lesson progress
Organizational moment
Repetition of learned material
For several lessons now we have been talking and discussing with you on a very interesting and at the same time complex topic. Which one? What knowledge have you already gained on this issue? Remember what we talked about in the last lesson and answer the question: “What examples in the history of art that predict future events do you know?”
Recall:
Jules Vernet's novel “20 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea”;
Artist Wassily Kandinsky;
Vincent Van Gogh;
A. Tolstoy “Engineer Garin’s Hyperboloid”;
Johann Sebastian Bach
Tell me, for what purpose did we consider those examples of prediction in art that you just remembered? Tell me, what question did we look for the answer to in the previous lesson? What were we trying to prove with these examples? What idea should I formulate? (That art not only affects our emotional sphere, but sometimes even gives scientific knowledge.
Setting a learning task for the lesson.
The topic of our lesson is “Predictions in Art.” Try to tell me what we will do in class today? We continue our acquaintance with works of art that in one way or another predict future events or give their own special interpretation of those events that are revealed in these works.
Learning new material
Any work of art is aimed at the future, so in history one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about impending social danger: revolutions, wars and schisms. This kind of prophecy has been encountered many times in art, including in artistic paintings. Great creators could use their own works to predict in art. It is possible that this is precisely the main strength of this type of human activity. Guys, remember we talked about this, why only creative people have such a gift? (they have a special well-developed imaginative thinking, which allows them to guess at missing data).
4.1 . Getting to know the engravings of A. Durer.
A striking example predictions in art can be considered creativity German painter and Renaissance graphics by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). He created a series of engravings.
Glossary of terms: engraving (from the French gravure) is a printed impression on paper (or on a similar material) from a plate (“board”) on which a design is carved.
This series of engravings was called “Apocalypse” (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the name of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world).
Wood engravings were made. There are 15 of them in total, they illustrate the Revelation of John the Theologian. When they were first published in 1498, they became widespread and popular precisely because at that time there was a widespread expectation of the end of the world in 1500.
There is an opinion that the artist expressed an anxious expectation of world-historical changes, which indeed shook Germany after some time.
The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Let's look at it, give our opinion and listen to the message.
SLIDE 1.
Look carefully at the contents of the engraving. What impression does she make on you? What emotions does it evoke? What do you see?
What do you think these horsemen symbolize?
Why did you get this impression?
Student message
Dürer's engravings illustrate the revelation of John the Evangelist. The engraving “The Four Horsemen” reflects chapter 6. Here are short sayings from this chapter.
Behold, a white horse, and a rider on it had a bow, and a crown was given to him; and he came out victorious, and to conquer.
And another horse came out, a red one; and to him that sat on it was given power to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another; and a great sword was given to him.
The third animal is a black horse, and its rider has a measure in his hand.
And behold, a pale horse, and on it a rider whose name was “death”; and hell followed him; and power was given to him over the fourth part of the earth - to kill with the sword, and with famine, and with pestilence, and with the beasts of the earth.
Four horsemen are depicted (from right to left): the first is Conquest with a crown and bow; the second is War with the Sword; third - Hunger with scales; the fourth is Death, unlike other riders on an unshod, bareback, skinny horse. Durer moved away from the usual representation of Death in the form of a grinning skeleton with a scythe; he depicted Death in the form of a thin, bearded old man with a trident.
Teacher's story
Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - fiercely sweep across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. The swirling clouds and horizontal streaks of the background increase the speed of this frantic gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.
According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on earth one by one, but the artist deliberately placed them next to each other. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this arrangement of figures lies in Durer’s desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having destroyed the wall that the artist had erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the horsemen would inevitably burst into the real world.
4.2 Acquaintance with the work of F. Goya
Examples of art’s predictions of social change and upheaval include the etchings of F. Goya, the paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others.
Let's look at the dictionary again
Etching (French eau-forte - nitric acid, literally - “strong water”) - a type of engraving on metal; obtaining impressions from printing plates (“boards”), in the process of creating an image on which the surface is etched with acids
I suggest looking at Goya’s etchings and then expressing your opinion and impressions of what you saw.
SLIDES 2-4
Analysis of Goya's works.
What feelings did you get from viewing the etchings?
Try to guess what events the artist wanted to reflect in these works? Why did you decide this? Which means of expression Did they help you come to this conclusion?
In the series of etchings “Disasters of War,” Goya depicted the struggle of the broad masses of the Spanish people against Napoleonic troops. The people rebelled against Napoleon's regular troops with knives, stakes, and axes. They fought with frenzy and anger, defending every inch of land, hence the names - “With or without common sense?” The women fought with the same fury. “They became like wild animals,” says Goya.
All the horrors of war pass through the etchings in a terrible sequence: piles of corpses, carts with the dead, execution of rebels and violence against women. “I saw it!”, “It’s impossible to see it!” - with these words Goya accompanies two of his etchings.
4.3 Getting to know the works of P. Picaso
Today I would like to introduce you to a painting of the famous Spanish artist, sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist and designer Pablo Picasso. To take a little break from the serious problem we have raised, I suggest you look at the screen and read full name Pablo Picasso.
SLIDE 5
The name Picasso consists of 16 names, along with particles of 22 words.
Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (Picasso's version (1881-1973) is also accepted)
SLIDE 6 Painting “Guernica”
Look and express your feelings about the picture
The reason for the creation of “Guernica” by Picasso was the bombing of the city of Guernica. During the Spanish Civil War, on April 26, 1937, a Fascist volunteer unit carried out a sadistic night bombing on the city of Guernica. Several aerial bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a devastating fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various estimates, about 200-250 people were injured.
The whole world watched these events, including Pablo Ruiz Picasso. Spanish poet and prominent public figure Rafael Alberti later recalled: “Picasso had never been to Guernica, but the news of the destruction of the city struck him like the blow of a bull’s horn.” The bombing of Guernica served as the impetus for the creation of the famous painting. The painting was painted literally in a month - the first days of work on the painting, Picasso worked for 10-12 hours and already in the first sketches one could see the main idea.
This picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of people’s heartlessness.
Conversation on the works seen
Please tell me guys. We looked at a number of works different artists, living in different countries, in different time periods. Is there anything common in these works?
Why do you think these works are considered within this topic? What are the predictions?
Why will these paintings be relevant in the future?
This is because they show all the horrors of war, which in any historical period is a terrible event and, regardless of time, will be accompanied by loss of life, hunger and grief. This is the predictive role of art.
4.4 Getting to know the works of Russian artists
And now I propose to turn to the work of Russian artists and see if predictions occur in Russian art.
Look at the following picture
SLIDE 7 Kustodiev "Bolshevik"
Listen to the story about this painting (Legeza S.)
B.M. Kustodiev is known as an original writer of everyday life of merchants. IN Soviet era the artist turned to the theme of revolution. Events February revolution 1917, Kustodiev, confined to a wheelchair, could only watch from the window. He wrote about his impressions: “It’s still in full swing here, the streets are still full of people... I’ve never complained so much about my life, which doesn’t allow me to go out into the street - after all, I have to wait for “such” a street for centuries.”
Kustodiev understood the revolution as a spontaneous, gigantic popular revolt. Therefore, he decides to create the image of a new hero who led the people to victory over their oppressors.
In search of means of expression, Kustodiev for the first time in his work resorted to an allegorical solution. The huge, powerful figure of a Bolshevik with a red banner in his hands towers over the city and people. He walks, as in a fairy tale, with leaps and bounds, and it is not entirely clear where he is going. The grandiose banner of the flag, fluttering in the wind, like the flame of a revolutionary fire, burns over the city and is lost beyond the horizon. Below, under the giant, streams of armed people are moving along the city streets and alleys. Simple Russian face The giant is filled with an indestructible will, his eyes burn, his powerful hands tightly grip the shaft. In front of him, like the last barrier, rises a church building - a symbol of autocracy, a faithful custodian of the old order. The viewer feels that the giant will step over it as easily as he previously stepped over houses and other structures.
In the original version, the artist wanted to place a priest and a deacon hiding in panic on the roof of the church. But during the work, he refused to include this detail in the picture, realizing that it could take the picture into the plane of caricature.
In the painting “Bolshevik” Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev there is a metaphor (hidden meaning) that has not been solved for many decades. Using this example, you can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era with its new views and changed value orientations puts new meanings into the content.
Teacher's messageToday it is difficult to overestimate the feat of Kustodiev, who created a canvas of such content in the difficult year of nineteen, in the ring of the blockade, in need and cold... In general, guys, it must be said that Kustodiev was a man who loved his homeland very much. Until the age of 20, he lived only in the city, although life was difficult, he wore two pairs of socks, because the bottom pair was missing toes, and the top heels... And when, as a student, he went to a Russian village to study its life, he fell in love with the village so much that 4 years later, when he got married, he returned to the village. At that time he was already in great demand (few people had such a rapid career: yesterday he still wore combined socks, today he paints portraits of people who decided the destinies of Russia). Therefore, many of his comrades wondered why he locked himself in such a wilderness. Boris Mikhailovich was surprised in his turn: “How can I be bored when I write every day and talk to my dear Yulik in the evening. On the contrary, I am now experiencing the best time of my life - I am painting a picture and I feel that I love and that I am loved. .."
But there was also annoyance that I wanted to quickly forget about. At the age of 19, he said in a letter to his mother: “Something is aching again, as it sometimes happens to me.” I forgot when I managed to forget. But at 31, it was no longer possible to shrug it off - the pain in the arm and neck kept getting worse and soon turned into suffering. Severe headaches were added to the pain in my arm. Doctors suspect bone tuberculosis. From now on he wears a rigid corset from chin to waist. He is being treated in a Swiss clinic, where he is given a new diagnosis: a tumor in the spinal canal. The operation cannot be avoided. True, then they promise a complete recovery. And at the age of 37 he undergoes a second operation. Boris Makhailovich has two children: his third son, Igorek, died at eleven months, and then, according to his daughter’s recollections, “the first gray strand appeared in my mother’s hair: Spinal cord surgery is no joke even today, but even then...
General anesthesia for 5 hours. Yulia Evstafievna (wife) is sitting in the corridor. The doctors encourage her from time to time, but their words and glances are evasive. The professor himself comes out into the corridor and says: a spinal cord tumor has been confirmed, but to get to it, you need to cut the nerve endings. The patient is unconscious, so you decide what to save: his arms or legs. A girl, a once happy lover, a woman immortalized in dozens of paintings, a mother who has already lost her son and is losing her husband with tragic iron inevitability, Yulia Evsafievna says: “Leave your hands. An artist is without hands, he cannot live...”
Since then, Boris Mikhailovich has been chained to wheelchair. But this did not break his spirit, he continues to create and create his new masterpieces.
Today, this picture, like K. Yuon’s “New Planet,” is filled with new content. But how artists at that time managed to sense the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.
Look at another painting by artist Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon “New Planet”
SLIDE 8 “New Planet”
What feelings and emotions does this picture evoke in you?
What do you think it's about? -What did the artist want to tell us?
This work does not just depict an unusual phenomenon - the birth of a new planet. K.F. Yuon is trying to comprehend the meaning of the October Revolution. For him, a revolution is not just a coup that took place in one specific state. No. This is a phenomenon on a universal scale. And people’s reaction to such an unprecedented event is ambiguous.
In the painting “New Planet,” the birth of a new cosmic body is accompanied by bright flashes that illuminate people. Witnesses of an unusual phenomenon that destroys the usual way of life, old world, react differently to what is happening. Some see this as the birth of something new. beautiful world. They hopefully stretch out their hands towards the bright light. Some don't have the strength to walk. They fall exhausted and crawl out of last bit of strength to this new one. For others, the collapse of the old world causes panic. They may perceive the emergence of a new planet as the end of the world. People fall on their faces in fear, covering their heads, trying to hide, to save themselves from the impending catastrophe. But the cosmic cataclysm does not leave both of them indifferent.
Why do you think we understand the picture differently? Do we put another meaning into it?
Probably because for our time the events of the revolution are already history, but the conquest of space and questions related to the place and fate of our planet in the Universe are relevant and concern us.
In musical art, an example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra “The Unanswered Question” (“Cosmic Landscape”) by the American composer Charles Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky).
Listen to a short fragment and try to say what this piece is about?
Insert a music file into slide 8 - close the screen while playing
What emotions does music evoke? What state of mind is conveyed in music? What can this work tell about?
This play became a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.
Today we got acquainted with works that reflect social changes in society, which were sometimes accompanied by tragedies, bloodshed, etc.
Therefore, I propose to end our lesson by talking about something more joyful and positive.
Look at the works of Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov
SLIDES 9-11
In his dynamic compositions he sought to express the internal energy of the object. By crushing objects, pushing them on top of each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a lightning-fast changing world. In this restless, shifting and rushing space, the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals and views of Novgorod and Moscow can be discerned. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey something that is generally indescribable, for example, the spreading sound in the film “Ringing. Bell tower of Ivan the Great."
In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the works of various composers of the past and present: M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov
For the lesson, the girls completed an artistic and creative task and prepared a musical and literary composition “and the bell rings over the earth”
Literary and musical composition
“And the ringing of bells rushes over the earth”
The temple is an image of a transformed world, created according to the laws of beauty and harmony.
There is beauty unspeakable, bright,
The one that is not called holy for nothing...
The cherished secret will be quietly revealed.
Rus' will remain a white swan in the heart.
A blessed dream, a joy come true -
An hour of contemplation, given by God,
As if miraculously descended from heaven -
With a silent song - White stone temple...
Extraordinary, attractive. The appearance of the temple is beautiful and unusual; being away from it, we hear the ringing of its bells.
How quietly it blows over the valley
Distant bell ringing
Like the noise of a flock of cranes, -
And he froze in the sonorous leaves...
Only in one country in the world – in Russia – does bell music live. Only in Rus' did bell ringing become a national art: it entered music and was reflected in literature and painting.
Belfry
Among the sky
Among the fire-faced
Bow with your pure ringing,
From the bell tower of Ivan the Great
I see everything Orthodox Rus'…
Since ancient times, bells in Rus' have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informed people about important events,
They called people to a meeting, showed the way to travelers lost in bad weather, and in tragic days for the Fatherland they called for the defense of their homeland.
(A poem is played against the background of music.)
When the bells ring solemnly
Or a sensitive ear will hear their distant ringing,
Involuntarily embraced by a sad thought,
Like a funeral song,
I listen to their cheerful sounds sadly,
And my soul is full of secret murmurs.
The bell is the only one musical instrument V Orthodox church. And although in the 4th-5th centuries from Orthodox tradition left instrumental music, and the church fathers gave preference to the human voice, considering it the most perfect instrument, bells remained.
The dormant bell
Woke up the fields
Smiled at the sun
Sleepy land.
The blows came
To the blue skies
It rings loudly
Hidden behind the river
White moon
She ran loudly
Frisky wave.
The quiet valley drives away sleep.
Somewhere down the road
The ringing stops.
In Rostov, the belfries of the Assumption Cathedral have survived to this day. Rostov bells are a wonderful creation of the Russian national epic. Their origin dates back to the 17th century.
The largest bell, cast in 1688 Rostov master Frol Terentev. It weighs 2,000 pounds, has a velvety sound and beautiful overtones. The sound of this bell was recognized 20 km from the city.
(A poem is played against the background of music).
I love the church bell immensely
And again, like a shadow, I will enter the cold temple,
So that I can meet living water there
And go home again with an even gait.
The most famous bell in Russia is, of course, the Tsar Bell. It weighed more than 200 tons. During a fire in 1737, the bell collapsed and a piece weighing 11.5 tons fell off. Since then he has been silent forever. And now the Tsar Bell, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, amazes visitors with its size.
Honk with your mighty tongue,
Call the trembling of menacing metal
In Rus', bells were treated as living beings, and they were given names and nicknames: Gabriel, Howler, Broad, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.
Russian craftsmen began casting bells in the 12th and 13th centuries. To do this, a brick “blockhead” and a clay mold were built in a huge hole. Copper was melting in a furnace nearby. Only 5-10 minutes before casting was tin added to it. Some craftsmen threw silver coins into the melted mass. Several workers, swinging a lever, punched a hole in the melting furnace from which metal burst out. Flowing down the gutters, it filled the form. So that success is not damaged by intrigues evil spirits, before casting, the most ridiculous rumors were spread. It was believed that the more ridiculous the rumors, the louder the bell would ring.
In Russia, the poorest church had at least three bells, and the bell towers of rich churches had up to 10 or more. The collection of all the bells is called ringing.
Only the middle bells participate in the everyday ringing, and it is performed by one bell ringer. And on holidays, for example, Easter, everyone was allowed into the bell tower all week long. Ringing bells was a favorite pastime of the Russian people.
In the native fields there is a quiet evening ringing, -
I once loved listening to him so much
At an hour like the rays of the evening sunset
The evening sky will be gilded...
Evening bells... Don't wait for the dawn;
But even in the mists of December
Sometimes summer sends me a smile
Cold dawn...
Evening bells are the poet's soul,
Bless this ringing...
It's not like the cries of light
Scared away my best dream.
Evening bells... And into the distance,
Through the roar of urban anxiety,
You prophesy inspiration to me
Or the grave and peace.
(Picture by Levitan “Evening Bells”).
Lamentable, mournful, iron sound, invariably monotonous, heavy.
But in the life of the people there are not only sad days heralded by alarm bells or wire ringings, but also holidays that are accompanied by red and festive bells.
The sound of bells sounds.
Thanks girls
5. Lesson summary
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15Ecology of consumption. Does it predict Science fiction future or inspiring future discoveries? When reading any of these books, where bionic prostheses and tablets were described decades, or even centuries ago, the reader inevitably has this question.
Does science fiction predict the future or inspire future discoveries? When reading any of these books, where bionic prosthetics and tablets were described decades, or even centuries ago, the reader inevitably has this question.
We have collected for you examples of works whose authors were staring at the water.
1. Jonathan Swift predicted the discovery of two moons of Mars in Gulliver's Travels
In this satirical work 1726 is about a man named Gulliver who travels through different worlds. For example, one of them is inhabited by Lilliputians, and the other by giants. When Gulliver finds himself on the island of Laputa, local astronomers notice that there are two moons orbiting Mars. More than 150 years later, in 1877, it was discovered that Mars actually has two moons - Phobos and Deimos.
2. Mary Shelley predicted modern transplants in Frankenstein
In 1818, when Shelley wrote Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, science was just beginning to explore a new field: the reanimation of dead tissue with electricity. And although the methods of the time were crude, to say the least, they paved the way for future medical breakthroughs, including the organ transplants that Shelley wrote about.
3. Jules Verne predicted an electric submarine in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
Jules Verne is one of the most famous visionaries of the 19th century. He made many successful predictions - from lunar modules to solar sails - within a hundred extra years to real discoveries. However, his most famous book is “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.” The novel was published in 1870 and described an electric submarine, 90 years before its invention.
4. Edward Bellamy predicted credit cards in Look Back
63 years before the creation of credit cards, in 1888, Bellamy published the utopian novel “Looking Backward, 2000-1887” (English: Looking Backward, 2000-1887; in Russian it was published under the titles “In 2000”; “ Golden Age"; "Future Age"; "In a Hundred Years"). Julian West falls asleep for 113 years, and when he wakes up in the year 2000, he discovers that everyone uses so-called “credit” cards to buy goods.
5. Hugo Gernsback predicted solar energy in his novel Ralph 124C 41+
This early novel by Gernsback—the man after whom science fiction's most famous Hugo Book Awards is named—was written in 1911, but is set in 2660. The novel predicts solar energy, televisions, tape recorders, sound films and space travel.
6. H.G. Wells in "The Liberated World" predicted the atomic bomb
With his novel The World Set Free, published in 1914, H. G. Wells not only predicted nuclear weapons, but may have given Dr. Leo Szilard, who first split the atom, the idea of the destructive atomic bomb. In the Wells universe atomic bomb there was a hand uranium grenade, that is, an ordinary bomb with added radioactivity. Science reached this idea only thirty years later.
7. Huxley predicted mood-boosting pills in Brave New World
This dark novel depicts a drug-addicted capitalist society that values sexual freedom over monogamy and divides people into castes. In his 1931 book, Huxley foresaw the use of mood-enhancing pills, as well as reproductive technology and the problem of overpopulation.
8. George Orwell predicted Big Brother and mass video surveillance in 1984
In his classic dystopia, Orwell first introduced such concepts as "Big Brother", "doublethink", "newspeak" and the "thought police". The 1949 novel depicts a grim world four decades after the end of World War II. There is a lot of talk here about censorship, propaganda and the oppressive government of the future. Orwell also predicted mass video surveillance and police helicopters.
9. Ray Bradbury predicted in-ear headphones in Fahrenheit 451
This now iconic book was written in 1953. It tells the story of a technologically advanced society where books are outlawed and any book discovered must be burned. The dystopia describes, in particular, flat-screen TVs, as well as portable radios, similar in meaning to in-ear headphones and Bluetooth headsets.
10. Robert Heinlein predicted a waterbed in Stranger in a Strange Land.
The hero of this 1961 novel, Valentine Michael Smith, raised on Mars and raised by Martians, comes to Earth. In addition to discussing intergalactic politics and other hot-button topics, the author predicted modern waterbeds decades before their invention.
11. Arthur C. Clarke predicted the iPad in A Space Odyssey
This 1968 book by Arthur C. Clarke about an alien civilization creating intelligent life on Earth is replete with discussions about nuclear war, evolution and the dangers of artificial intelligence in the form of the HAL 9000 supercomputer. But the most accurate prediction turned out to be a description of electronic newspapers, very similar to modern tablets.
12. John Brunner predicted satellite TV and electric cars in All Stand on Zanzibar
Brunner's dystopia was first published in 1968. In addition to the realistic plot, the book contains many examples of the technologies that surround us today, including interactive and satellite television, laser printers, electric cars, and even the decriminalization of marijuana.
13. Martin Kaidin predicted bionic prostheses in Cyborg
In this 1972 novel, former astronaut Steve Austin has an accident in which he loses all but one of his limbs and goes blind in one eye. A team of scientists turns Austin into a cyborg: he gets new legs, a removable camera eye and a bionic arm. At the time of the book's publication, the first successful transplantation of a bionic prosthetic arm was 41 years away.
14. Douglas Adams predicted speech translation apps in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
This book was published in 1971. Arthur Dent receives information from his friend Ford Prefect - a secret correspondent for the interstellar guide "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" - that the Earth is about to be destroyed. The couple escapes by sneaking onto spacecraft, and their strange journey through the Universe begins. As the action progresses main character faces the universal speech translator, which now, 34 years later, has become a reality.
15. William Gibson predicted cyberspace and computer hackers in Neuromancer
In this futuristic crime novel 1984 tells the story of a down-and-out hacker and cybercriminal who recovers and regains his ability to access cyberspace. Neuromancer not only became the first novel to win all three science fiction awards (Hugo, Nebula and Philip K. Dick) and inspired the then Wachowski brothers to create the film The Matrix, but also predicted the emergence of cyberspace and computer hackers. published
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People of art - artists, writers, musicians - are extraordinary personalities who see many events through the prism of their talent. Sometimes it breaks through all the laws of physics and rushes into the future. Prediction in art is not a rare thing, but it is phenomenal and often frightening.
Prophecies of Jules Verne
Science fiction writer Jules Verne made a stunning prediction in art. In the novel “From the Earth to the Moon,” he describes in detail the flight to the Moon in 1865, which actually took place in 1968. And the point is not that the author fantasized about space exploration, but that he described the ship in detail, accurately indicated its height and weight, the crew of 3 astronauts, the launch site - Florida and the landing site in the Pacific Ocean, the month of the flight - December. In 1994, a manuscript by Jules Verne, previously considered lost, “Paris in 1968” was found. Here, not only fax and photocopier services were described in detail, but also the modern appearance of the city with an openwork tower. In total, the author made 108 predictions, of which 64 have already come true.
What other science fiction writers foresaw
There were other predictions in art. Examples can be found in the works of Belyaev, the Strugatsky brothers, Herbert Wells, Alexei Tolstoy, and Ray Bradbury. They predicted many modern inventions such as mobile phone, TV, 3D images, smart home, robots.
A truly shocking prediction in art is Edgar Allan Poe's The Adventures of Arthur Pym, which details a shipwreck in which four people were saved. After many days of wandering on the open sea, exhausted by hunger and thirst, three kill the fourth and eat him. 50 years after the publication of the work, the events repeated themselves with amazing accuracy, even the names of the characters coincided. It is impossible to give a rational explanation for this.
Another tragic prediction of the future in art belongs to American writer M. Robertson. In the novel “Futility,” he described in detail the disaster that occurred 14 years after the book was published. Coincidences real facts with fantasies that are simply unimaginable.
The poet Mikhail Lermontov predicted October Revolution 1917 and described his own death in detail in rhyming lines.
The artist who painted the future
Argentine artist Benjamin Parravicini, in a fit of creative insight, made sketches that predicted the tsunami in Japan and the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, the American flight to the Moon, the flight into space of the first living creature - the mongrel Laika, the "peaceful atom", communism in China, fascism and the Second World War. world war. Parravicini predicted the revolution in Cuba led by the bearded man when Fidel Castro was only 11 years old. The 1939 drawing, symbolizing the tragic terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, depicts the famous Twin Towers, which were not even built then. How can we explain this incredible prediction in art? Skeptics may argue that the interpretation of symbolic drawings can be adjusted to the facts. But the Argentine prophet accompanied each of his drawings detailed descriptions upcoming events. As they say, what is written with a pen...
An inexplicable phenomenon - a prediction in art
In 1987, the show “Second Chance” was aired, in one of the episodes of which the British comedian D. Meicher recited that in 2011 the Libyan leader Gaddafi would find his death, who would go to hell for his association with terrorists. The leader of Libya actually died in 2011. The name of the screenwriter who left this prediction in art, unfortunately, is unknown. After all, the actor simply voiced the prophetic work of some author.
American musician Mikey Welsh predicted his death on a Facebook blog. Two weeks before his death, he wrote that he had a dream that in 2 weeks he would die from cardiac arrest. That's exactly what happened. Mikhail Krug also reflected his death in the song, describing that he would die in his own home.
Not only ordinary people, but also scientific world predictions in art are amazing. The examples are often striking in their precision of detail. The description of the place, date and situation of the incident coincides.
What lies ahead?
It is useful to compare predictions in art that have come true with prophecies that have not come true. This makes it possible to assume that in the near future humanity will master time travel, intergalactic flights, biorobots and artificial intelligence will be created, organ transplants will be the most progressive treatment, we will establish friendly relations with aliens. These are optimistic views. Pessimists talk about “star” wars, aging in a few hours and the complete degradation of humanity to a gregarious way of life.