A lesson in learning new material.
Target: educational:
To uncover:
Folk holiday costume as a whole artistic image;
North Russian and South Russian clothing complex;
A variety of forms and decorations of folk festive costume in various republics and regions of Russia;
The shape and decor of women's hats; expression of the idea of the integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the figurative structure of folk festive clothing.
developing:
continue to develop the skills and abilities to create sketches of festive costumes from different regions and peoples of Russia using various techniques and materials
educational:
to develop students’ aesthetic and artistic taste,
cultivate respect and love for folk traditions.
equipment (materials: paper, handouts and teaching materials).
During the classes.
Organizing time.
Is everything alright?
Pencils, erasers, paints,
Everyone has an album,
He asks for work and trembles.
II. Conversation.
On this cheerful note we begin our lesson. Today we continue to work on the section “Ancient Roots of Folk Art”; our lesson on studying new material is devoted to the topic: “Folk festive costume”.
Let's start with you guys with the epigraph: These are the words folk song:
"The red maiden got up early
Got up white and blush
Washed with clean dew
Wearing a bright sundress
Painted in gold,
beaded embroidered
There is a kokoshnik on the head
and boots on my feet
Well done next to her
in a painted shirt."
Indeed, this is a description of Russian festive folk costume.
The purpose of our lesson is
Reveal the components of the festive costume of two regions of our country;
see various forms of jewelry, decor of headdresses, touch the history of our Motherland, native village (look at the exhibition folk costume our village),
to feel the beauty and breadth of our native land, our Russia.
Come on guys, imagine that we live in Russia not in the twenty-first century, but somewhere in the eighteenth!
What can you say about the life of a Russian family?
What kind of life was it?
How did you live in the summer and in the winter? (Children express their opinions.)
Indeed, the Russian family had a hard life in past centuries. In spring and summer there is hard work in the field. The work began with the first ray of sunshine, and the work was completed when it was completely dark. But when the holiday came, it was joyful and welcome for the peasants. They were waiting for it and preparing for it. Everyone put on their best clothes. They sewed them themselves, and everyone wanted to show off their outfits and their skills. Any clothes were taken care of, because they were obtained with great difficulty, and each thing had to serve long years, often more than one generation in the family.
What kind of clothes did they wear back then?
How is it different from ours?
The search group, which was preparing additionally for our lesson, decided to answer these questions. Now let’s give them the floor.
Student presentations, slide shows and summarization of this information.
Men's clothing.
Traditional men's clothing, compared to women's clothing, was distinguished by its simplicity and ordinariness. Its main parts were a shirt and trousers (trousers). The shirt was made from white or colored canvas. It was worn at graduation over pants. It was almost knee-length. It had a brim (inserts on the shoulders) gathered around the neck onto a small stand with a slit on the chest. The hem and arm had decorative trim made with black wool. The shirt was tied with a narrow or wide belt-sash handmade. A bright wool belt added emphasis to a modest suit.
The outerwear was a zipun made of homespun cloth, wrapped around the left side, fastened with hooks or buttons.
Men's shoes were boots or bast shoes.
Let us summarize the information received.
What was included in a Russian men's suit?
The Russian men's suit included:
Trousers-pants
Belt-sash
The main motifs of the embroidery were: the theme of the amulet from evil spirits; the forces of life, the earth, which has received the energy of the sun and is capable of giving life to all living things.
Let's move on to women's holiday costume.
Guys, if the men's suit was almost the same in the regions of the country, then the women's suit had significant differences:
Let's take a closer look at this:
Women's folk costumes (Slide show)
Northern costume:
The traditional women's outfit of the Russian north is often called the “sarafan complex”, since its main parts are a shirt and a sundress. In the old days, shirts were made from linen and hemp canvas. Sleeves, shoulders and collars not covered by a sundress were embroidered with red threads. The festive sundress itself was made from expensive fabric, decorated on the front with a patterned stripe, braid, silver lace, and patterned buttons. A short cap was worn over the sundress. And in the cold - a shower warmer. The head was tied with a ribbon-bandage, and on holidays - with kokoshniks. At the end of the braid there was a braid made of beads.
In such a costume, the girl looked like a little girl.
Guys, pay attention.
The northern costume included:
Sundress
-apron
Epanika
Southern folk costume.
(Slide show)
In the southern regions of Russia, a type of clothing consisting of a shirt, a blanket, an apron, and a magpie cap was common. Unlike a sundress, this clothing was only peasant clothing. Ponyova was made of woolen checkered homespun material, which was wrapped around and secured at the waist. The poneva was trimmed with ribbons and braid. It came with an apron. It was entirely decorated with patterned stripes. Headdresses were decorated with embroidery, strips of lace, ribbons, and beadwork.
Thus, the southern costume included:
Shirt
-poneva
warmer
In Russian folk costume, the headdress occupies an important place. (Slide show).
Let's consider the shape and decor of women's hats. 54.
They are often decorated with images of the sun, stars, trees, birds, and the very names of the bird's clothing:
kokoshnik from the word “kokon” - rooster,
kika or kichka (duck), magpie.
Each detail of the headdress gave originality to the woman’s appearance and created the local flavor of the costume of the residents of a particular region.
(Slide show)
Working with a painting.
The woman in folk costume looked very beautiful. Many artists depicted the beauty of Russian women on their canvases. The best paintings by famous Russian artists are dedicated to peasants. These are paintings by Surikov, Vasnetsov.
(Slides)
One of outstanding artists there was a portrait painter I.P. Argunov, a serf of the richest landowner Sheremetyev.
Consider his painting, painted in 1784, “Portrait of an Unknown Woman in Russian Costume.”
So here is a Russian peasant woman in a festive costume.
Golden sundress;
White blouse;
Kokoshnik decorated with embroidery;
The appearance of the pretty, simple-minded girl in the portrait turned out to be attractive to many generations of viewers. Today it is kept in the main museum of Russian art in our country, the Tretyakov Gallery.
Today we will try to show the beauty of folk costume in our works.
III. Practical work.
Now, let's move on to practical work.
The goal of which is to create a Russian festive costume.
Each of you has templates where you must depict a Russian festive costume, complete it in color, not forgetting about the main colors and embroidery motifs.
1) Group 1 – “Artists” work with gouache.
2) group “Fashion Designers” - work with colored paper and make appliqué.
But first, let me remind you about the safety rules
(briefing together)
When working with glue, remember:
Glue should be applied to the paper only with a brush and in a thin layer.
When gluing parts, make sure that the glue does not get on the table surface.
Not three eyes with your hands.
Wash your hands after work.
Do not hold the scissors with the end up.
Do not leave scissors open.
Don't cut with scissors as you go.
Do not approach your friend while cutting.
Place the scissors on the table so that they do not hang over the edge of the table.
Hand over scissors only when closed.
So guys, let's get to work.
While working, you will hear recordings of the folklore group “Ladushka” from our village of Peschanoye, who, like you, created festive costumes and sang these soulful songs.
(The melody of folklore sounds).
IV.Lesson analysis.
On the board, the guys make up a “Merry Round Dance” from their works.
Well done to all of you, it turned out to be a wonderful round dance, which we will talk about at the next lesson summary:
"Festive folk festivities."
V. Let's summarize the lesson.
Guys, today we looked at the northern and southern festive costume of the Russian people.
You have been given cards.
Arrange the north and south components correctly.
Thus, today we have touched our culture, the traditions of the Russian people, because the festive costume reflected the breadth of soul, willpower, beauty, integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the image of the structure of folk festive clothing.
Reflection
1.The most interesting thing in the lesson was when...
2. I felt good during the lesson because...
3.The most difficult part of the lesson was when...
4. After today’s lesson I would like to wish the teacher...
VI. Home building:
Finish the work, the task of the search group is to prepare messages “Festive festivities”.
VII. Lesson grade.
Lesson topic: “Russian folk costume.”
Lesson type: combined
Kind of activity: individual, pair, group
Expected result:
- artistic and creative:
mini-project - creation of the album “Folk Festive Costume”,
creation of a collective creative composition “Russian round dance”;
- meta-subject: (UUD)
cognitive actions - the ability to build an artistic image;
regulatory actions - the ability of students to determine the purpose of their work, identify stages of work, find appropriate means and tools, carry out step-by-step control and evaluation of their actions;
communicative actions – the student’s ability to cooperate, the ability to understand the intentions and interests of people interacting with him.
- personal:
a sense of pride in the culture and art of the Motherland, one’s people;
understanding the special role of culture and art in the life of society and each individual;
formation aesthetic feelings, artistic - creative thinking and imagination;
ability to cooperate with comrades in the process joint activities under the guidance of a teacher;
ability to discuss and analyze one's own artistic activity and the work of classmates from the perspective of creative tasks of this topic.
Goals and objectives:
1. To familiarize students with the figurative structure of Russian women’s costume, its structure, symbolism of ornament and color; to form an understanding of the connection between people’s ideas about the structure of the world and the figurative structure of clothing.
2. To foster national self-awareness in the process of familiarization with Russian folk culture, to regional and cultural values.
3. Develop educational, cognitive and information communicative competence: know the history of the origin of Russian clothing, be able to distinguish different costumes, be able to find the necessary information and use it; promote the development of cognitive and creative activity of children in the visual and decorative arts, artistic creativity, intensify independent creative search in solving artistic problems.
Musical range: Russian folk music.
Materials for students: colored paper, glue, scissors, album, paints.
Materials and equipment for the teacher: video sequence - presentation “Folk festive clothing”, handouts - patterns for paper plastic, reference cards “Sequence of performing the national festive costume”
During the classes:
I. Organizational stage. Leading to the purpose of the lesson.II. Stage “Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson”. Motivation to study the topic. Students select a goal that they would like to achieve by the end of the lesson. Mastering new material.
Answers on questions.
IV. Stage "Preventive". Physical exercise.
Task: conducting warm-up exercises to prevent physical inactivity, as well as preventive exercises for the eyes.
V. Stage “Initial check of understanding and consolidation of skills”. Setting an artistic task.
VI Stage“Application of what has been mastered in practical activities»
VII. Stage"Information about homework, instructions on its implementation"
VIII. Stage“Reflection (summarizing the lesson). Evaluation of results.
Lesson summary
I. Organizational stage. Leading to the purpose of the lesson.
Objective: inclusion of students in activities at a personally significant level.
II. Stage “Setting the goals and objectives of the lesson.” Motivation to study the topic. Students select a goal that they would like to achieve by the end of the lesson. Mastering new material.
Task: get acquainted with traditional Russian costume, its meaning, decoration.
They used to say about a woman:
The beautiful maiden is coming
It's like a peacock swimming.
-Can we say the same about modern woman? Why?
It turns out that a person’s appearance and his costume plays an important role in everyone’s life. It is no coincidence that they have long said: “They meet you by their clothes, they see you off by their intelligence.”
What are we going to talk about today? What to do in class?
The topic of today's lesson is traditional Russian costume. We learn what in the appearance of a woman made it possible to say about her:
“The beautiful maiden is coming,
Like a peacock floating,
She's wearing a blue dress
Scarlet ribbon in a braid,
Feather on the head"
And further
And she herself is majestic,
The word peahen appears.
-What image is this song talking about?
Children: This song talks about a Russian girl.
Let's learn how to create a sketch image of a Russian women's clothing. What is needed for this?
Let's create an outline for our lesson.
- get to know the history of the costume
- learn the rules of decoration
- do creative work
- evaluate your work
Teacher: Who does the author compare the Russian girl with? And why?
Children: He compares her to a “pavushka”, who is dressed in a beautiful Russian costume, on her head is a crown or kokoshnik, decorated with pearls and pendants. She acted as the hostess, holding her head high and her back straight, “like a peahen,” “floating like a swan,” the young girl always put her braid on display: “a braid is a girl’s beauty,” they said in the old days.
Teacher: The image of a woman has long been revered in Russian folk art and folklore, and often it is inseparable from the image of a bird - ancient symbol goodness and prosperity. “Swan”, “peahen”, “duckling”, “dove” - epithets that have long been called folk poetry, emphasizing the plastic side of the image of the Russian beauty.
Today in class we will take a trip into the past and get acquainted with Russian costume.
Interest in Russian folk costume has always existed. Folk costume is a priceless, integral heritage of the people’s culture, accumulated over centuries. Folk costume is not only a bright, original element of culture, but also a synthesis various types decorative creativity.
Awareness of a new topic
Students receive initial knowledge, awareness of the topic occurs through the teacher’s word, dialogue, discussion, explanatory and illustrative material, presentation “Russian folk festive costume”
Awareness of the topic involves, together with the children, developing and setting goals at this stage of activity, choosing means of expression and materials and methods of work.
Russian folk costume is also evidence of a strong connection with the culture of distant ancestors. The costume carries information about the people of a bygone era, about their way of life, worldview, and aesthetics. The best traditions of Russian costume continue to live today. Color, pattern, silhouette, sundresses, shirts, ponies, caftans inspire contemporary artists- fashion designers, contribute to the development of creative abilities in creating their own models of costumes and their elements. We see how expressive Russian costumes are in folklore, in amateur performances, in theatrical productions etc.
The teacher tells how the costume of Ancient Rus' developed, changed and improved: The shirt was the basis for women's and men's costume. The men's suit was a combination of a shirt and ports. Old Russian ports were sewn from two straight panels and a gusset between them. They were fixed on the belt with a cord - a gasket. The ports were not wide; they were tucked into boots or onuchi. Like shirts, the ports could later be either lower or upper. The lower ports were made of thinner material (canvas, silk), and the upper ones were made of denser material (cloth
The usual idea of Russian women's costume is associated with a sundress.
A sundress is a loose-fitting garment - it should not emphasize the lines of the figure. A sundress is sewn with wide armholes or with straps. The cutout can be round or rectangular. An everyday sundress was sewn from homespun motley cloth or printed cloth. For a festive sundress, they usually bought expensive material - brocade, Chinese, woolen garus.
Sundresses were decorated along the hem and along the fastening line with patterned ribbons, braid, and lace.
Buttons played a special role in decorating sundresses; they sometimes reached the size of a chicken egg.
The sundress was worn over a long shirt. It was one of the most elegant parts of a woman's costume. The collar, chest, wide armhole, hem and sleeves were especially lavishly decorated.
III. Stage “Knowledge Updating”.
Task: repetition of the studied material necessary for the “discovery of new knowledge”, identification of difficulties in the individual practical activities of each student.
What is an ornament?
Why was the ornament embroidered?
-What symbols were used in the ornaments?
The ornament could be floral, geometric, zoomorphic or mixed. It was believed that the ornament, along with the red color, had a protective effect, which is why it was placed in those places where the clothes ended. At the same time, by surrounding the hand with symbols, the person wanted to increase its strength and dexterity.
This is how they dressed in the central regions and northern Russia.
The costume of the southern provinces differed from the northern ones in that instead of a sundress they wore a poneva. Poneva consisted of several sewn or partially sewn panels of fabric, gathered at the waist with a cord. Ponievas were sewn from checkered or red fabrics with transverse stripes. They were decorated along the hem with strips of fabric, ribbons, and braid. In some areas, bells were sewn onto the poneva; according to the peasants, their strumming protected them from evil spirits.
An apron was often worn over the ponyova; it not only protected clothes from getting dirty, but also served as an additional decoration.
- Why do you think there were such differences in the cut, and especially in the colors of the costumes of the north and south?
And the Russian woman’s costume was completed with a headdress. He received special attention.
By the headdress one could find out what area its owner was from, what age group she belongs.
Girls everywhere could leave their hair uncovered; a ribbon on their head was enough. They also wore “bandages”, kokoshniks. A married woman had to hide her hair, so the headdresses were closed, for example, “warrior”.
Not only were headdresses decorated with gold thread, but also freshwater pearls. And yet the most common type of headdress was the kokoshnik. In the Pskov province they wore a kokoshnik “shishak”, embroidered with pearls; the pearls were collected in “cones” - a symbol of fertility. It falls down onto the forehead in the form of a net of small pearls.
Another amazing kokoshnik, in the form of a flat-bottomed round hat. To make the brim puff up, pearls were strung on horsehair. The kokoshniks themselves were made of cardboard, covered with brocade and embroidered with pearls.
Dressed in her traditional costume, the peasant woman was, as it were, a model of the Universe: the lower earthly tier of clothing is covered with symbols of the earth, seeds, vegetation, at the upper edge of the clothing we see birds and the personification of rain, and at the very top all this is crowned with clear and undeniable symbols of the sky: the sun , stars, birds.
While singing songs, the girls spun, weaved, prepared their trousseau, they walked around the village singing on warm summer evenings, they reserved their best outfits for round dances and festivities - this is how an inextricable connection between the costume and the song arose and made them related by the originality of rhythms and harmonic combinations.
And of course, the theme of the costume was reflected in folk crafts: a clay toy, a matryoshka doll. And in folk music.
IV. Physical exercise.
Task: conducting warm-up preventive gymnastics for the eyes.
V. Stage “Initial check of understanding and consolidation of skills.” Setting an artistic task.
Task: choosing an ornament and color solutions to create a sketch of a sundress (paper layouts) in the material.
Stage VI “Application of what has been learned in practical activities”
Task: practical completion of the task, independent creative work students.
Independent work. Additional information will be provided as work progresses.
More than 500 years ago, Domostroy said about the rules for wearing and storing clothes: “On holidays and in good weather, and in public, you should wear smart clothes, walk carefully in the morning, and be careful from dirt, snow, and rain.” , do not pour drink on it, do not get it dirty with food or lard, do not sit on blood or wet things. Returning from a holiday or from guests, take off your elegant dress, inspect it, dry it, knead it, wipe off the dirt, clean it and put it well where it is stored.”
-Do we all treat our clothes with the same care?
A very important part of the costume was the belt. Previously, walking without a belt was considered a sin. A belt was put on the newborn immediately after baptism. The width of the belt could be from 1 to 10 cm. Depending on the fashion, belts were tied either at the waist or under the chest. The girls wore removable pockets on them - “lakoniks”. Women attached small purses for money, keys, and sometimes even a chicken bone “insert” to them, which, according to legend, helped them wake up early in the morning.
To remove a man's belt, to untie him, meant to dishonor him. This is where the expression “unbelted man” comes from - a person of unworthy behavior.
Students work on three tasks: differentiation in teaching:
Group 1 completes sketches in color (weaker students);
Group 2 makes a sketch of a sundress using the appliqué technique;
Group 3 works individually and in pairs - perform a three-dimensional figure. Technique: paper-plastic. Video visualization is used.
Final result: Groups 1 and 2 design an album (mini-project) - “Russian Women's Costume” and defend it.
Group 3 composes the collective composition “Merry Round Dance” - Russian tunes and ditties sound.
VII. Stage “Information about homework, instructions on how to complete it”
Task: search work in visual comparison of various folk costumes.
VIII. Stage “Reflection (summarizing the lesson). Evaluation of results.
Objective: involving students in activities at an analytical level.
Reflection:
it was interesting to me…
I was surprised...
it was difficult for me...
I wanted…
Lesson summary
Students come to the board with their work.
-Looking at the wonderful costumes, we can really say: “WONDERFUL, WONDERFUL.”
Application
Lesson outline "Folk festive costume" 5th grade
Goals:
* promote development national identity students,
* build respect for Russian culture,
* develop patriotism.
Tasks:
Educational:
* Introduce students to Russian festive costume.
* To form an understanding of the connection between people’s ideas about the structure of the world and the figurative structure of clothing.
* Strengthen skills in working with decorative compositions.
Educational:
* Develop an aesthetic worldview.
* Promote the perception of respect for the traditions of the Russian people.
Educational:
* Develop mental cognitive processes(perception, attention, memory, visual and figurative logical thinking, speech).
I. Updating knowledge.
Teacher: - Children! Do you like to wear beautiful clothes?
A student dressed in Russian folk costume enters the class.
Teacher: - What nation’s costume is represented on our assistant?
Teacher: Your great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers also sported folk attire. The life of peasants was inextricably linked with nature, the cultivation of the land and the corresponding labor cycles. The holiday either completed some stage of the difficult peasant life, or preceded the next one. important stage. The holidays were expected and prepared for. And so in Rus' a whole complex of wonderful holidays and wonderful folk traditions, which have survived to this day. Let's now remember what folk, Christian, holidays you know? (List of traditional holidays)
II. Formation of new knowledge.
“You meet people by their clothes...”
This well-known saying came to us from the depths of centuries. A thousand years ago, our ancestors only needed to look at their clothes once. stranger in order to understand what area he is from, what clan or tribe he belongs to, what is his social status and “civil status” - is he an adult or not, has he been married, and so on.
Such a " business card“allowed me to immediately decide how to behave with a stranger and what to expect from him. Let us note, by the way, that a person who, without extreme necessity, changed into clothes that did not correspond to his dignity and gender, was expected to best case scenario condemnation, if not punishment.
The clothing of each region (province) of Russia had its own patterns, favorite colors, trims, shapes and styles. In the Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Novgorod, Kostroma, and Yaroslavl regions, combinations of a white base with a red pattern were common.
Due to climatic and cultural differences between Russian regions National Costume The Russians did not develop in uniform forms. The archaic South Russian ponyov complex (with a skirt of three panels - ponyova), the later North Russian complex with a sarafan and the Central Russian mixed complex are distinguished, as well as those formed under the influence of urban fashion in late XIX century, a “couple” complex (with a skirt and jacket) and an ensemble of a one-piece dress. Belts were a necessary element of men's and women's costumes in all of the above complexes.
Besides the most common features, which divided the forms of northern and southern Russian costumes, individual features characterize the costume of each province, district and even village. Folk clothing differed in purpose (everyday, holiday, wedding, mourning), age, marital status. Today, a computer presentation will help us see all the beauty of the festive Russian costume.
Let's repeat now, what details of old Russian clothing do you know? (View slides, student responses.)
Most often, the insignia was not the cut and type of clothing, but its color, the amount of decor (embroidered and woven patterns), and the use of silk, gold and silver threads.
Festive clothing was very colorful, always decorated with elements of embroidery, stripes of braid, beads, cord, sequins and other details that, as a rule, were not found in everyday clothing. The most elegant clothes were made of red fabric. The concepts of “red” and “beautiful” were unambiguous in the popular imagination.
Let's now watch an excerpt from the wonderful film "Morozko". Pay attention only to the clothes of the heroes, but also to the hats. (View H.f.)
After Peter's decrees, Russian noble and city costumes underwent Europeanization. Aesthetic ideas about human beauty have also changed. The guardian of the people's ideal and costume remained Russian peasantry. Trapezoidal or straight monumental silhouette, main types of cut, picturesque decorative and color scheme.
Headdresses of Ancient Rus' were common among peasants until the 18th - 19th centuries.
The main fabrics used for folk peasant clothes, there were homespun canvas and wool of simple plain weave, and with mid-19th V. - factory-made silk, satin, brocade with ornaments of lush flower garlands and bouquets, calico, chintz, satin, colored cashmere.
The main methods of decorating household fabrics were patterned weaving, embroidery, and printed material. Striped and checkered patterns are varied in shape and color. The technique of folk patterned weaving, as well as thread-counting embroidery, determined rectilinear, geometric contours and the absence of rounded outlines in the pattern.
Tell me, what are the most common elements of amulet ornaments you know and what do they mean? (diamonds, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, fir trees, bushes, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer).
Patterns, woven and embroidered, were made using linen, hemp, silk and woolen threads, colored with vegetable dyes, giving muted shades. The range of colors is multicolored: white, red, blue, black, brown, yellow, green. Multicolor was most often decided on the basis of white, red and blue (or black) colors.
From the middle of the 19th century. homespun fabrics are being replaced by factory fabrics with printed floral, checkered, and striped patterns. We find folk costumes with crimson roses and bright green leaves on a black or red background in the paintings of Malyavin, Arkhipov, Kustodiev, reflecting the bright national identity of the Russian folk life this time. (View reproductions on slides)
An important place in the costume was occupied by various decorations. IN large quantities necklaces made of pearls and beads, colored wool, gaitans - threaded from beads, to which crosses, icons, amber beads, blown glass beads, and ribbons were hung around the neck. Large earrings and pendants were very popular; sometimes they reached the shoulders. Colored belts, narrow woven aprons and wide rainbow woven sashes complemented and decorated the costume, completing the integrity of the entire ensemble.
For many peoples, ancient festive clothes had a three-tier structure of decorations.
Hats and top part costumes are associated with the image of the sky, therefore the compositions of the patterns are based on an appeal to the sun, stars, birds, which connect heaven and earth. Ribbons hanging from hats symbolize rain. The patterns and embroideries are dominated by the image of fertile land.
We wear caps, berets, and hats on our heads. And in ancient times, women wore kokoshniks and magpies, covering them with scarves on top. These hats consisted of 2-5 elements and sometimes weighed several kilograms.
Hats were divided into girls' and women's, or “women's” hats. Girls, according to custom, braided their hair in one braid, leaving the top of their head open. Therefore, their headdress consisted of all kinds of crowns, headbands, hoops, which were decorated with freshwater pearls and beads. The “bandage”, or, as it was often called, “beauty”, “volushka”, had its own shape and ornament in each village. It is based on a strip of fabric, often made of finely patterned chintz, with a hard front part made of canvas (paper) quilted in several layers, decorated with braid or embroidery, with strong ties at the ends. It covers the head in the form of a hoop or bandage.
The girl's headdress was complemented by “cannons” - balls of white goose or swan down, as well as “curls” - bright drake feathers. In ancient times, Slavic girls walked with their hair down. Later, this custom was preserved only in wedding ceremonies.
The basis of all Russian women's headdresses, despite their diversity, was a solid forehead part, depending on the shape (flat, spade-shaped, with horns) called a kichka or horned kichka.
Women have always paid special attention to headdresses, the most visible part of any costume. Headdresses were extremely varied, but were always clearly divided into maiden headdresses and married women's headdresses.
Married woman ancient custom had to carefully cover her hair from prying eyes. It was forbidden to leave the house or do household chores with your head uncovered.
But young girls were not forbidden to show off their hair: “A girl’s braid is a beauty to the whole world.” Hence the differences: girls have light air braids, crowns, crowns, kokoshniks, ribbons, hoops, and women have deaf magpies, kicks, warriors, scarves. (Demonstration of models from the collection of the school museum)
Over the course of several centuries, a tradition developed of creating and wearing those forms of clothing that were most functional and adapted to both climatic conditions, and to transmit certain information about their owners. Russia as a whole is characterized by 2 types of women's costume sets: North Russian, which is based on a shirt and a long sundress, and South Russian, the second component of which is a short and voluminous poneva.
The festive shirt was decorated with embroidery, which protected the woman from the evil eye. The collar, mantles, chest, and hem were especially decorated.
It was believed that the richer the shirt was decorated. The happier its owner. Touching the ground with the hem of her shirt, the woman received vitality, and embroideries with fertility symbols gave fertile forces to the earth.
The hem of a shirt or skirt was decorated with ornaments symbolizing sown arable land. These are triangles, rhombuses, rectangles with dots. The ends of the wicker belts were decorated with the heads of lizards, which symbolized the underground and underwater world.
Teacher: What forms of ornament do you know? Where are they used?
Student answers:
Ornaments are classified into three forms: closed, ribbon and mesh.
A closed ornament is a pattern whose decorative elements are grouped in such a way that they create a closed movement. This pattern is used to decorate tablecloths, napkins, plates, windows and other frames.
A ribbon pattern is a pattern whose decorative elements create a rhythmic row with an open two-way movement that fits into the ribbon. Ribbon patterns are widely used to decorate clothing in the form of an embroidered collar, sleeve edge, belt, or headband.
A mesh ornament is a pattern in the form of cells that are filled with decorative elements. Woven items were decorated with this pattern.
Teacher: What colors predominated in folk ornament and what is their significance?
Students' answers: White, red, black, yellow predominated in embroidery, brown colors. Sometimes soft blue and natural green.
In popular belief, white color was associated with light, purity and personified the feminine principle.
Red was the color of the sun, fire, life, beauty and personified masculinity. The theme of Russian clothing has another important meaning.
Clothing is a business card.
Almost every woman was obliged to sew clothes for herself and her family. Accordingly, the more successful the costume was, the more ornaments, decorations it had, etc., the better and more diligent the hostess was considered. In addition, the basis of the Slavic worldview is the ability to harmonize the space around oneself. That is, harmony in the family, order in the yard and home. This harmony can only be achieved under the condition of internal harmony. If a person has balanced and harmonized his energies, he can easily do this with the space around him. Accordingly, if a woman is in harmony with herself, the result of her actions (in in this case sewing and decorating clothes) will be harmonious and attractive. Conclusion - if a person comes to you in a torn shirt with protruding threads and slanted sleeves - this is a reflection of the atmosphere in his family, and accordingly in his soul. You shouldn't expect anything good from this man, whatever he touches will turn out just like his shirt.
Still important. Only WOMEN were involved in needlework. This is another confirmation that the ancestors understood that the atmosphere in the family depended only on women.
III. Consolidation of knowledge.
Game "Tuesok" to recognize your favorite element of the costume. The assistant holds a wicker bag with notes on which the names of the elements of the folk costume are written. Students who wish to do so take turns tearing off the pieces of paper and showing the named parts of the costume to the assistant.
IV. Practical work.
Assignment: make a sketch of a folk and festive costume (winter or summer), discuss in advance the size of the figures.
Performance practical work accompanied by the sound of music (Russian folk).
Materials: paper, gouache, watercolor, brushes (large and small)
Visual range: illustrations depicting a folk costume, a computer presentation, a student in Russian clothes, headdresses from the museum.
Musical range: Russian melodies, folk round dance music and songs.
Teacher: guys, you and I must remember that the peasantry in Rus' is the keeper of aesthetic ideas and traditions in folk costume
V. Analysis of works. Summing up the lesson.
At the end of the 2-hour lesson, there is an exhibition and discussion of children's work, during which shortcomings and the most successful moments and works of the children are revealed. The best sketches for the school exhibition are selected using the universal decision method.
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Municipal educational institution Khaitinskaya secondary school
Topic: Folk festive costume.
Art teacher:
Topic: “Folk festive costume.”
Lesson type: Lesson on learning new material.
Target:Educational:
To uncover:
Folk festive costume as a holistic artistic image;
North Russian and South Russian clothing complex;
A variety of forms and decorations of folk festive costume in various republics and regions of Russia;
The goal of which is to create a Russian festive costume.
Now you will try to depict a Russian festive costume, do the work in color, not forgetting about the main colors and embroidery motifs.
Stages of work:
Select a costume option;
Build general shape suit;
Mark the places of decorations and ornaments;
Determine the flavor (color) of the costume;
Do the work in color.
So guys, let's get to work.
While working, you will hear recordings of a folk group
“Ladushka”, who, like you, created festive costumes and sang these soulful songs.
(The melody of folklore sounds).
IV. Lesson summary.
Guys, today we looked at the northern and southern festive costume of the Russian people.
What elements of the costume will we classify as northern Russian? adv. suit?
(Shirt, sundress, epanechka, soul warmer)
List the elements of a southern costume? (Shirt, poneva, apron)
Thus, today we have touched our culture, the traditions of the Russian people, because the festive costume reflected the breadth of soul, willpower, beauty, integrity of the world, the indissolubility of the earthly and heavenly in the image of the structure of folk festive clothing.
V. Reflection
1.What was the most interesting thing in the lesson?
2. Continue the phrase: “The most difficult thing in the lesson was when...”.
Thanks for the work. Lesson grades.
VI. Home building: Finish the work in color.
Peasant costume Kievan Rus consisted of ports and a shirt. The shirt was cut out from separate parts that were sewn together. The seams were decorated with decorative red edging. Shirts were worn with a narrow belt or flowered cord. The ports were sewn narrowed from below to the ankle. They were tied at the waist with a cord - a gasket. Outer silk or cloth trousers were worn over the top.
The South Russian poneva complex included: a richly embroidered shirt, a checkered poneva, a belt, an apron, a “top”, shoulder clothing such as a shortened shirt, other details and decorations, a “magpie” headdress, and shoes.
The shirt is the basis of women's folk costume. It was sewn from white linen or hemp fabric. It was decorated with embroidery, which protected the woman from the evil eye. The sundress was worn over a shirt, decorated on the front with a patterned stripe, braid, silver lace, and patterned buttons.
In Russian folk costume, ancient headdresses and the very custom for married woman to hide hair, and for a girl to leave it uncovered. This determines the shape of a woman’s headdress in the form of a closed cap and a girl’s headdress in the form of a hoop or headband.
Patterned weaving, embroidery, and printing were used to decorate household fabrics. Patterns of stylized plants, flowers, and branches were depicted. The most common elements of ornaments: triangles, rhombuses, oblique crosses, octagonal stars, rosettes, fir trees, bushes, rectangles with dots, stylized figures of a woman, bird, horse, deer. The range of colors is multicolored.
References 1. Efimova L. V., Belogorskaya R. M. Russian embroidery and lace. - M., Harold R. Costumes of the peoples of the world. - M.: EKSMO-Press, Rabotnova I. P. Russian folk clothing. - M. .: Light Industry Publishing House, Lebedeva A. Russian folk costume // Young artist