Complex sentences with different types communications- This complex sentences , which consist of at least from three simple sentences , interconnected by coordinating, subordinating and non-union connections.
To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how their constituent elements are grouped together. simple sentences.
Often complex sentences with different types of connections are divided into two or several parts (blocks), connected using coordinating conjunctions or without unions; and each part in structure represents either complex sentence, or simple.
For example:
1) [Sad I]: [there is no friend with me], (with whom I would drink the long separation), (whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many happy years)(A. Pushkin).
This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected non-union; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II is a complex sentence with two attributive clauses, with homogeneous subordination.
2) [Lane was all in the gardens], and [grew at the fences linden trees, now casting, under the moon, a wide shadow], (so fences And gates on one side they were completely buried in darkness)(A. Chekhov).
This is a complex sentence with different types of connections: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating conjunction and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; Part I is a simple sentence in structure; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on the main thing and is joined to it by the conjunction so.
A complex sentence can contain sentences with different types of conjunction and non-conjunction connections.
These include:
1) composition and submission.
For example: The sun set and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).
(And is a coordinating conjunction, as is a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
2) essay and non-union connection.
For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet died down: the turtle doves were murmuring nearby, the cuckoo was crowing in the distance.(Bunin).
(But - coordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
3) subordination and non-union connection.
For example: When he woke up, the sun was already rising; the mound obscured him(Chekhov).
(When - subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.
For example: The garden was spacious and there were only oak trees; they began to bloom only recently, so that now through the young foliage the entire garden with its stage, tables and swings was visible.
(And is a coordinating conjunction, so that is a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
In complex sentences with coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, coordinating and subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side.
For example: The weather was beautiful all day, but as we approached Odessa, it began to rain heavily.
(But - a coordinating conjunction, when - a subordinating conjunction.)
The outline of this proposal:
Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of communication
In order to correctly place punctuation marks in complex sentences with different types of connections, it is necessary to select simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.
As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in complex sentences with different types of connections.
For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious frost] , and [it went on like this two hours], [then the frost disappeared] , [the sun has closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].
Sometimes two, three or more simple offers most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of a non-union connection.
For example: (When he woke up), [the sun had already risen] ; [the mound obscured it].(The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)
At the site of the non-union connection between simple sentences within a complex possible Also comma , dash And colon , which are placed according to the rules for placing punctuation marks in the non-union complex sentence.
For example: [The sun has long since set] , But[the forest has not yet died down] : [doves gurgled nearby] , [the cuckoo crowed in the distance]. (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: with non-union and union connections.)
[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [the idea of an amazing story about Hadji Murad appeared](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connections: coordinating and non-conjunctive.)
In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks, indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own syntactic basis.
For example: [The bushes, trees, even stumps are so familiar to me here] (that wild felling has become like a garden to me) : [I caressed every bush, every pine tree, every Christmas tree], and [they all became mine], and [it’s the same as if I planted them], [this is my own garden](Priv.) – there is a colon at the junction of blocks; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck his nose into this foliage] (to get a worm from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the layer of old aspen foliage from his beak](Priv.) – there is a semicolon at the junction of blocks.
Particular difficulties arise placement of punctuation marks at the junction of the composing And subordinating conjunctions (or coordinating conjunction and allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with coordinating, subordinating and non-conjunctive connections. However, there are also special attention require sentences in which several conjunctions appear nearby.
IN similar cases a comma is placed between conjunctions if the second part of the double conjunction does not follow then, yes, but(in this case the subordinate clause may be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between two conjunctions.
For example: Winter was coming and , When the first frosts hit, living in the forest became difficult. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became difficult to live in the forest.
You can call me, but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. – You can call me, but if you don’t call today, then we’ll leave tomorrow.
I think that , if you try, you will succeed. – I think that if you try, you will succeed.
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of connection
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Specify the type of offer for emotional coloring(exclamation or non-exclamation).
3. Determine (based on grammatical basics) the number of simple sentences and find their boundaries.
4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (non-union or coordinating).
5. Give a description of each part (block) by structure (simple or complex sentence).
6. Create a proposal outline.
SAMPLE EXAMPLE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION
[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall He me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I decided
Non-union and allied coordinating connections are one of the ways of constructing. Without them, speech is poor, because they provide more information and are capable of containing two or more sentences telling about different events.
Complex sentences and their types
Depending on the number of parts, complex structures are divided into two- and polynomial. In any of the options, the elements are connected either by a conjunction (which, in turn, is provided by the corresponding part of speech) or by a non-conjunction.
Depending on what types of relationships are present, complex formations create the following groups:
- Complex sentence with non-union and union coordinating connection: The sky suddenly darkened, a distant rumble was heard, and a wall of rain covered the ground, driving down dust and washing away the city smog.
- Constructions that combine elements with a subordinating relationship, for example: The house we entered was depressing, but in this situation we had no choice.
- Complex sentences with subordinating and non-union types of connections: No matter how he hurried, his help was late: another car took the wounded.
- In polynomial constructions, subordinating, non-union and allied coordinating connections can be used simultaneously. The next time the phone rang, my mother answered it, but all she heard was a robotic voice telling her that her loan was overdue.
It is important to be able to distinguish between complex sentences and constructions complicated, for example, by homogeneous predicates. As a rule, in the first case, the syntactic lexical unit contains several grammatical stems, while in the second there will be one subject and several predicates.
Non-union designs
In this type of lexical constructions, 2 simple sentences or more can be combined, which are connected by intonation and meaning. They can communicate with each other in the following ways:
- Sentences are linked by enumeration. The evening gradually faded, night fell on the earth, the moon began to rule the world.
- Constructions in which elements are divided into several parts, two of which are opposite fragments. The weather was as if to order: the sky cleared of clouds, the sun was shining brightly, a light breeze blew across the face, creating a slight coolness. In this non-union construction, the second fragment, consisting of 3 simple sentences connected by enumerative intonation, explains its first part.
- A binary combination of simple elements into a polynomial complex structure, in which the parts are combined into semantic groups: The moon rose above the ridge, we did not immediately notice it: the haze hid its radiance.
A non-conjunctive, like a conjunctive coordinating connection, in a complete connection separates individual sentences from each other with punctuation marks.
Commas in non-union polynomial constructions
In complex compounds, their parts are separated by commas, semicolons, dashes and colons. Commas and semicolons are used in enumerative relations:
- The parts are small in size and connected to each other in meaning. After the storm there was silence, followed by a light whisper of rain.
- When parts are too common and not connected by a single meaning, a semicolon is used. Chamomiles and poppies covered the entire clearing; Grasshoppers were chirping somewhere below.
Unionless designs are most often used for transmission large quantity information that is not always related in meaning.
Dividing marks in non-union formations
These signs are used for the following types of relationships between elements of a syntactic structure:
- Dash - when the second part is sharply opposed to the first, for example: We knew about his fears - no one knew about his readiness to die.(In such a construction with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts, I would like to put the conjunction “but”).
- When the first part talks about a condition or time, then a dash is also placed between it and the second fragment. The rooster crowed - it's time to get up. In such sentences, the meaning of the conjunctions “if” or “when” is appropriate.
- The same sign is placed if the second part contains a conclusion about what was discussed in the first. There was no strength to object - he silently agreed. In such conjunction constructions, “therefore” is usually inserted.
- When the second part of the sentence is compared and determined by what is narrated in the first. He makes a speech - he breathes hope into people. In these constructions you can add “as if” or “as if”.
- In sentences with an explanatory connection and justification of the reason, a colon is used. I’ll tell you to the point: you can’t let your friends down.
Sentences with a non-union, as well as a union, coordinating connection between parts are separated by signs depending on their semantic relationship.
Complex constructions
In sentences of this type, a coordinating connection is used, carried out using coordinating conjunctions. In this case, between their parts there may be:
- Connective relationships interconnected by unions and, yes or, particles also, also and neither...nor. No birds chirp, no mosquito squeaks, no cicadas chirp.
- In separating relationships, conjunctions are used what and, or, particles either... or, not that... not that and others. Either the wind brings an incomprehensible sound, or it itself approaches us.
- Sentences with both non-union and allied coordinating connections with comparative relations indicate the identity of events, but in the second case with the use of conjunctions namely And that is. Everyone was happy to see him, that is, that’s what he read on their faces.
- Explanatory relationships tend to use conjunctions yes, but, ah, particles but, and therefore and others. A blizzard was raging outside the window, but it was warm near the fireplace in the living room.
Often it is conjunctions and particles that explain what connects simple sentences into a single complex structure.
Complex sentences with mixed types of communication
Constructions where a non-union and a union coordinating connection are simultaneously present are found quite often. They can contain separate blocks, each of which contains several simple sentences. Within blocks, some elements are connected to others in meaning and are separated by punctuation marks with or without conjunctions. In a complex sentence with a non-conjunctive and a conjunctive coordinating connection, the boundary between them is the dividing marks, although the individual blocks may not be connected in meaning.
May consist of two or more parts. Sentences consisting of three or more parts can be connected using a conjunction (coordinating and subordinating) and non-conjunctive connection.
Let's analyze the examples:
The parts of this complex sentence are connected using the coordinating conjunction but: , (to), but .
2. Grushnitsky stumbled, the branch he clung to broke, and he would have rolled down on his back if his seconds had not supported him (M. Lermontov).- The proposal is complex,
consists of three parts:
Part 1 - Grushnitsky stumbled;
Part 2 - the branch he was clinging to broke- a complex sentence with a subordinate clause, which is located inside the main one;
3rd part - he would have rolled down on his back if his seconds had not supported him- a complex sentence with a subordinate clause.
Thus, the first and second parts are connected without a union, only with the help intonation, the third part is joined using a coordinating conjunction and:
, [, (for which...), ], and , (if).
There are four possible combinations of types of communication in complex sentences consisting of three or more parts.
1. Reinforcement of educational material
Make up possible combinations of types of connection in complex sentences with different types of connection:
1) coordinating and subordinating;
2)
3)
4)
To correctly understand the meaning of sentences consisting of several parts and correctly place punctuation marks, reason in the following sequence:
1) by meaning and intonation, highlight the semantic parts in the sentence, determine their syntactic role;
2) determine how the parts of the sentence are connected, separate them with appropriate signs;
3) analyze how each part is complicated (isolated members of the sentence, introductory, homogeneous members of the proposal), check the punctuation marks for them.
2. Analysis of educational material
Write down these proposals. Analyze them in writing according to the sample given in the paragraph. Make diagrams of them.
1. She always ran up to the phone first dog, she barked joyfully and hastily, as if she was trying to tell him something in her dog language ( F. Iskander). 2. The dog kennel looked like a toy house, like those found in children's parks, and only the black circle of the entrance hole reminded of its true purpose ( F. Iskander). 3. Then the wind rushed into the room, so that the flames of the candles in the candelabra died down, the heavy curtain on the window moved aside, the window swung open, and in the distant heights it opened full moon (M. Bulgakov). 4. This garden looks very impressive: the area is covered with large light gray pebbles, and plants for better review planted at a considerable distance from each other. 5. He paused again; and suddenly the general realized that he was seeing a transformed man in front of him: a hundred colorless eyes shone with energy, and he looked so much like the professor ( I. Akimov).
3. Restoring offers
Restore the sentences by connecting individual sentences using non-union and allied connections (conjunctions are given in parentheses). Write them down, arranging them punctuation marks .
1. The birches rustled not far from the fire. It seems like someone big is walking on dry leaves ( And) (Yu. Kazakov). 2. They went out to the station square. The lanterns were burning. The city was noisy. The snow has already been removed. They both felt that they needed to say goodbye now ( a, and) (Yu. Kazakov). 3. Peace came over him because the day was over. Such peace sometimes comes over you when you have solved a problem that has been tormenting you for a long time ( A. de Saint-Exupéry). 4. The snow fell slowly and is very important. Its flakes were so large that it seemed like light white flowers were flying from the sky onto the city ( And) (V. Soloukhin). 5. Where they work, it’s dense. The lazy house is empty ( A) (Proverb)..6. Don't believe everything you hear. Don't wish for everything you see. Don't do everything you can ( Proverb ).
4. Mutual dictation
І. Work in pairs . In pairs, decide who will dictate which mini-text. Read your text to yourself and dictate the texts to each other. Exchange notebooks and check each other's dictations without a textbook, correcting other people's mistakes with green infusion.
II. Check your dictations using the textbook. If there are errors, make corrections in red ink and explain the errors.
1. Yashka looked around: the sun was shining brightly, and the leaves of the bushes and willows were shining, the cobwebs between the flowers were glowing rainbow-colored, and the wagtail was sitting above, on a log, swinging its tail and looking at Yashka with a shining eye, and everything was the same as always, everything breathed peace and silence, and stood above the ground quiet morning (Yu. Kazakov).
2. He never laughs, but smiles like this: every single one of his teeth shows, and the skin on his cheeks is almost motionless, as if it were overtightened, and he is afraid that it will burst. It’s the same when he’s angry: his eyes completely shrink, squint, his lips turn white, it’s clear that he’s dissatisfied with something, he’s furious, but if you look closely, your face is almost the same as it was five minutes ago when you smiled ( A. Volos).
When combining two subordinating conjunctions: what if, what when, so although, although if or when combining coordinating and subordinating conjunctions: and when, and if, and where, but when etc. a comma is not placed between them if the second part of the conjunction comes next: then, yes, but.
5. Punctuation work
Write down the sentences. Determine in which cases, when combining conjunctions, it is necessary to put a comma between them, and in which - not. Place commas where necessary.
1. The boy was afraid of the old man and when he occasionally appeared in their house he tried to stay away from the important visitor ( A. Varlamov). 2. Venya did not interrupt Rodya, but when he finished the story he looked at him with annoyance ( Yu. Sotnik). 3. He didn’t notice how time passed, but when he looked at his watch he saw that it was already late ( V. Shefner). 4. In autumn the beach was deserted and when we were returning from school I walked home through the deserted beach ( V. Shefner). 5. The girl turned pale from the coolness of the night and when they left the garden, parting the wet bluish leaves, she shuddered ( F. Iskander).
6. Converting sentences
I. Write down the sentences using punctuation marks.
II. Rearrange the sentences by eliminating That in sentences where the word That is, and introducing it into those sentences where the word That missing and write it down. How will punctuation change when combining conjunctions?
1. The car was approaching a stop and when it was already very close, the driver turned into the nearest alley. 2. I got up from the bed and if I hadn’t grabbed the nurse’s hand, I would have fallen. 3. We were in no hurry, but when it started to rain, we quickened our pace. 4. I slept for four hours and when I woke up it was already dark.
When combining conjunctions and if, and when, and where, and while, and although, etc., a separating comma is not always placed before the conjunction. Check what connects the conjunction and - homogeneous members sentences or parts of a complex sentence. To do this, mentally eliminate the sentence joined by the subordinating conjunction and.
7. Selective distributor work
From exercises 5 and 6, write down sentences with a combination of conjunctions and if and when. First, write down sentences in which the conjunction And connects homogeneous members of a sentence, then sentences in which the conjunction And connects parts of a complex sentence.
8. Punctuation and spelling work
I. Read the sentences. Verbally analyze how many parts they contain. Describe each part. Indicate how each part is complicated.
II. Write down the sentences. Place punctuation marks. Explain the merged and separate writing words
1. I tried to plant the donkey, but he became stubborn and when I hit him, he just moved his ears in bewilderment ( F. Iskander). 2. All this began to bother me and when we moved on, I noticed in the facade of one of the houses a recess, something like a niche protected from the wind ( F. Iskander). 3. The beast loved Nikita so much that when the boy left the beast sniffed anxiously air (N. Leskov). 4. Fallen, wet leaves lay like a dark covering under the trees, and if you came close to them, it was as if a slight smell was wafting from them - either the remnant of what was given during life or already the first decay ( A. Solzhenitsyn). 5. Dina played with Olya and Igor in different games and the house became noisy because when there is only one child in the house, it’s one thing, but when there’s more than one, it’s already a lot of small things ( A. Rybakov).
III. Create proposal outlines.
9. Text recovery
I. Read the sentences. Restore the sequence of sentences in the text. Give it a title. Write down the sentences using punctuation marks and explain their placement.
II. Write a summary of the restored text.
1. I vaguely began to guess about the connection that exists between things and events.
2. But we had a real redhead and no one noticed Alik’s reddishness.
3. And I also thought that if the other day the sign with the designation had not been torn off from our doors class Maybe the doctor didn’t come to see us and nothing would have happened.
4. Looking at Alik, I thought that if we didn’t have a real redhead in our class, he would pass for him because his hair is blond and the freckles that he was hiding were revealed during the injection.
(F. Iskander)
10. Homework
Write down the text using punctuation marks. Indicate complex sentences consisting of several parts. Make diagrams of them.
Music... A great art that never fades. It surrounds man from ancient times to this day. There is especially a lot of music today in the age of players and karaoke, television and computers, when concerts are so accessible and almost everyone can learn to play any instrument.
Yes that sounds like a lot music music of all kinds - ancient and modern, so-called “classical” and “easy”, performed by professional artists and amateurs. How
figure out how to navigate this vast sea of sound? How to learn to distinguish musical art genuine versus fake, a meaningful piece of music from a fashionable but empty hit? How to feel the beauty of a serious work that at first may seem boring and uninteresting, but in fact deeply figurative meaning and truly beautiful?
One piece of advice is to try to know more about the art of music, its history, the features of the language, the laws by which it is built piece of music(of course constantly listening to a lot of good serious music).
(M. Zilberquit)
Dictionary:
hit- popular song.
A.N.Rudyakov, T.Ya. Frolova. Russian language 9th grade
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Subordinating connection- this is a relationship between the parts of a complex sentence or phrase in which one part is controlling, and the second is subordinate to it. Based on this, we will analyze the types of subordinating connections in phrases and sentences. For clarity, each of the above cases will be considered with an example.
Types of subordinating connections in phrases
There are only three of them. These are coordination, control and adjacency.
Coordination
Gender, number and case of the main word in this type of connection are consistent with the dependent word.
Examples: beautiful flower, another world, ninth day.
As you can see, this type of connection is typical for phrases where the noun is the main word, and the adjective, participle or ordinal number is the dependent word. Also, a possessive pronoun can act as a dependent word, for example, in the phrase “our souls.” The type of subordinating connection here will be agreement.
Control
The main word in management makes the secondary one dependent with the help of case. The combinations of parts of speech here can be quite varied: verb and noun, participle or gerund and noun, noun and noun, numeral and noun.
Examples: sitting on a bench, knowing the truth, entering a room, a clay bowl, ten sailors.
In GIA and Unified State Examination tasks, students are often faced with the task of changing the type of phrase from control to coordination or vice versa. Without understanding the material, a graduate may make a mistake. The task is actually quite simple. To do this, it is enough to know the types of subordinating connections and be able to use them.
The classic version of the task is a connection of two nouns. For example, “corn porridge.” The subordinating word must be changed into an adjective. Then it turns out to be “corn porridge”; accordingly, no other types of subordinating connections, except agreement, are suitable here. This means that everything has been done correctly.
If it is necessary to change the connection from agreement to control, then we change the adjective to a noun and put it in a certain case in relation to the main word. So, from a “strawberry cocktail” you get a “strawberry cocktail”.
Adjacency
IN in this case the main word is connected with the dependent word solely in meaning. Such a connection is between a verb and an adverb, a verb and a gerund, a verb and a verb, a verb and an adjective or an adverb of comparative degree.
Examples: “smile happily”, “speaks while sobbing”, “I can swim”, “be smarter”, “it has become worse”.
It is quite simple to determine this connection: the dependent word does not and cannot have case and gender. This can be an infinitive, a gerund, comparative degrees of an adjective and an adverb.
We looked at all types of subordinating connections in a phrase. Now let's move on to a complex sentence.
Subordinating connection in a sentence
Types of subordinating connections in a complex sentence can be distinguished when there are several subordinate clauses. They connect to the main clause in different ways. For this reason, it can be noted that the subordination relationship, the types of which we will analyze, can be expressed in different ways depending on the nature of the subordination.
Consistent submission
With this type of connection, subordinate clauses come into subordination to each other sequentially. This sentence pattern resembles a nesting doll.
Example. I asked a friend for a guitar who was helping me put on a show where we played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.
The basis of the main sentence here is “I asked.” The subordinate clause that enters into a subordinating relationship with it has the stem “which helped to arrange.” From this sentence comes another subordinate clause, subordinate to it - “we played Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson.”
Parallel subordination
This is a type of complex sentence in which several subordinate clauses are subordinate to one main clause, but at the same time to different words.
Example. In that park where lilacs bloom magnificently in spring, I was walking with a friend whose image seemed cute to you.
The main sentence sounds like this: “I was walking in that park with a friend.” It has a built-in subordinate clause “where lilacs bloom magnificently in spring.” It obeys the phrase “in that park.” From him we ask the question “in what?” Another subordinate clause - “whose image seemed cute to you” - is built from the word “familiar”. We ask him the question “which one?”
Thus, we see that subordinate clauses are connected by a subordinating relationship with one main sentence, but at the same time with different parts of it.
Homogeneous Subordination
Subordinate clauses with homogeneous subordination are associated with one main clause. They refer to the same word and answer the same question.
Example. They guessed that their action would have consequences, that it was better to abandon the idea and let everything be as it was.
The main sentence is “they guessed.” From him we ask the question “about what?” Both subordinate clauses answer this question. In addition, both the first and second subordinate clauses are connected to the main sentence using the predicate “guessed.” From this we conclude that the sentence is with homogeneous subordination.
All the examples given refer to sentences where there is a subordinating connection, the types of which we have discussed. This information will be necessary for everyone who is going to take exams in the Russian language, especially the State Examination and the Unified State Exam, where there are a number of tasks to test such knowledge. It is important to remember that without understanding how phrases and sentences are constructed, it is impossible to fully master literate speech. Any person who wants to learn how to write without errors needs to know this.