- Misunderstanding between generations arises due to differences in worldviews
- Parents' advice means a lot to children
- A person’s attitude towards his parents can be used to judge his moral qualities.
- Not taking care of your parents means betraying them
- Parents are not always good to their children.
- Many are ready to sacrifice the most precious things in order for their children to be happy
- Correct relationships between children and parents are built on love, care, support
- Sometimes the truly close person becomes not the one who gave birth, but the one who raised
Arguments
I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. IN this work we see the real one. The generation of “fathers” includes Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. The generation of “children” is Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Young people share the same views: they say they are nihilists - people who reject generally accepted values. The older generation doesn't understand them. The conflict leads to fierce disputes and a duel between Evgeniy Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Gradually, Arkady Kirsanov realizes that his values do not coincide with Bazarov’s teachings, and returns to his family.
N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. Father not only wants to give Ostap and Andriy a decent education, but also to make them real warriors defending their Motherland. Taras Bulba cannot forgive Andria for his betrayal (he goes over to the side of the enemy because of his love for a Polish woman). Despite seemingly fatherly love, he kills his son. Taras Bulba is proud of Ostap, the eldest son, who fights the enemy selflessly, with all his might.
A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”. The source of happiness for Famusov is money. He loves his daughter Sophia, wishes her all the best, so he accustoms the girl only to thoughts of financial well-being. Such views are alien to Sofya Famusova; she diligently hides her feelings from her father, because she knows that she will not be supported. Things are completely different with Molchalin, whom his father taught to always and everywhere seek profit: he follows this principle in everything. Parents, wanting to ensure the happiness of their children, passed on their views on life to them. The only problem is that these very views are incorrect.
A.S. Pushkin “ Captain's daughter”. Father, sending Pyotr Grinev to serve, said a very important and correct thing: “Take care of your shirt again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” The father's words became the most important moral guideline for the young man. In the most difficult conditions, threatening death, Pyotr Grinev retained his honor. It was truly important for him not to betray his father and homeland. This example is a clear confirmation that parental instructions help the child learn the most important moral values.
A.S. Pushkin “ Stationmaster”. Dunya committed an immoral act: she ran away from her parents’ house with Minsky, who was staying at their station. Her father, Samson Vyrin, could not live without his daughter: he decided to go on foot to St. Petersburg to find Dunya. One day he was lucky enough to see a girl, but Minsky drove the old man away. After a while, the narrator learned that the caretaker had died, and Dunya, who betrayed him, came to the grave with three barchats and lay there for a long time.
K.G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. Katerina Petrovna loved her daughter Nastya very much, who lived a very bright, eventful life in Leningrad. Only the girl completely forgot about her old mother, she didn’t even try to find time to visit her. Even Katerina Petrova’s letter that she has become completely unwell is not taken seriously by Nastya and does not consider the possibility of immediately going to her. Only the news that her mother is dying evokes feelings in the girl: Nastya understands that no one loved her as much as Katerina Petrovna. The girl goes to her mother, but no longer finds her alive, so she feels guilty before the person most dear to her.
F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. Rodion Raskolnikov sincerely loves his mother and sister. Speaking about the motives for the murder of the old pawnbroker, he says that he actually wanted to help his mother. The hero tried to get out of eternal poverty and troubles. As he pawns the watch, he remembers with trepidation his father, who owned the thing.
L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. In the work we see several families whose lives are based on completely different moral principles. Prince Vasily Kuragin is an immoral man, ready to do any meanness for the sake of money. His children are guided by exactly the same principles: Helene marries Pierre Bezukhov in order to receive part of a huge inheritance, Anatole tries to run away with Natasha Rostova. A completely different atmosphere reigns among the Rostovs: they enjoy nature, hunting, and holidays. Both parents and children are kind, sympathetic people, incapable of meanness. Prince Nikolai Bolkonsky raises his children in strictness, but this severity is for their benefit. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are moral people, true patriots, like their father. We see that there is a close relationship between parents and children. The worldview of children depends on the worldview of parents.
A.N. Ostrovsky “Thunderstorm”. In Kabanikha's family, relationships are built on fear, cruelty, and hypocrisy. Her daughter Varvara has learned to lie perfectly, which she wants to teach Katerina too. Son Tikhon is forced to obey his mother unquestioningly in everything. All this leads to terrible consequences: Katerina decides to commit suicide, Varvara runs away from home, and Tikhon decides to “revolt” against Kabanikha.
A. Aleksin “Division of property.” Verochka was raised by her grandmother Anisya: she literally put the child, who had suffered a severe birth injury, back on his feet. The girl calls her grandmother her mother, which displeases her real mother. The conflict gradually escalates and ends in court, where the property is divided. What strikes Verochka most is that her parents turned out to be such callous, ungrateful people. The girl is having a hard time with the situation; she writes a note to her parents, defining herself as property that should go to her grandmother.
Text for essay 15.3 “What is MOTHER’S LOVE?”
(1) Tolya didn’t like autumn. (2) He didn’t like it because the leaves were falling and “the sun shone less often,” and most of all because it often rained in the fall and his mother didn’t let him go outside.
(3) But then the morning came when all the windows were in winding water paths, and the rain was hammering and hammering something into the roof... (4) But mother did not keep Tolya at home, and even hurried her. (5) And Tolya felt that now he was very big: dad also went to work
in any weather!
(6) Mom took out an umbrella and a white raincoat from the closet, which Tolya secretly put on instead of a robe when he and the guys played doctors.
- (7) Where are you going? – Tolya was surprised.
- (8) I’ll accompany you.
- (9) Should I... see you off? (10) What are you?
(11) Mom sighed and put the prepared things back in the closet.
(12) Tolya really liked running to school in the rain. (13) Once he turned around and suddenly saw his mother on the other side of the street. (14) There were a lot of raincoats and umbrellas on the street, but he recognized his mother immediately. (15) And she, noticing that Tolya turned around, hid around the corner of an old two-story house.
(16) “Hiding!” – Tolya thought angrily. (17) And he ran even faster, so that his mother would not try to catch up with him.
(18) Near the school itself, he turned around again, but his mother was no longer there.
(19) “I’m back,” he thought with relief.
(20) At the ceremonial line, the students lined up by class. (21) The young teacher quickly brushed wet strands of hair from her face and shouted:
– (22) First “B”! (23) First “B”!
(24) Tolya knew that the first “B” was him. (25) The teacher took the children to the fourth floor.
(26) While still at home, Tolya decided that he would never sit at a desk with a girl. (27) But the teacher, as if jokingly, asked him:
- (28) You probably want to sit down with Chernova, right?
(29) And it seemed to Tolya that he really had always dreamed of sitting next to Chernova.
(30) The teacher opened the magazine and began roll call. (31) After roll call she said:
- (32) Orlov, please close the window.
(33) Tolya immediately jumped up and went to the window, but it was not easy for him to reach the handle. (34) He stood up and suddenly froze on tiptoe: outside the window he suddenly saw his mother. (35) She stood holding a folded umbrella in her hands, not paying attention to the rain that was dripping from her raincoat, and slowly ran her eyes along the school windows: mom probably wanted to guess in which class her Tolya was sitting.
(36) And then he could not get angry. (37) On the contrary, he wanted to lean out into the street, wave to his mother and shout loudly, so as not to be drowned out by the rain:
– (38) Don’t worry! (39) Don’t worry, mommy... (40) Everything is fine! (41) But he couldn’t shout, because shouting is not supposed to happen in class.(According to A. Aleksin)*
* Aleksin Anatoly Georgievich (born in1924.) – writer, playwright. His works such as “My Brother Plays the Clarinet”, “ Characters and performers”, “Third in the fifth row”, etc., tell mainly about the world of youth.
Finished essay 15.3 “MOTHER’S LOVE”
Maternal love is the love of a mother for her child, this is the most beautiful, pure, strong feeling. A mother's love is selfless, selfless, multifaceted. I will prove this with examples.
In the text by A.G. Aleksina is an example mother's love is Tolya Orlova's mother. She, hiding from her son, quietly came to his ceremonial line. Despite the rain and bad weather, she stood and held a folded umbrella in her hands, worried, worried about her child. This is multifaceted and selfless maternal love.
IN fiction We come across many examples of maternal love. In N.V. Gogol’s work “Taras Bulba,” the mother of Andriy and Ostap loved her sons very much, she was incredibly happy about their return, and when she heard that they would soon leave, she cried all night, her heart foresaw trouble. After all, a mother always feels when something bad happens to her child. She had a hard time being separated from her sons.
IN lately Khurdin often remembered Vikhlyaevskaya Mountain and the bicycle; and, thinking about the trip to his mother, he dreamed of fixing his old bicycle and going to Vikhlyaevskaya Mountain. They didn't say another word until they got home. And the closer they got, the more acutely Khurdin realized how long those five years of separation had been.
Composition
During life, a person has to deal with a large number of different emotions and feelings: some of this is temporary and fleeting, and some of it sits in the heart for a long time. long term. However, nothing can ever compare with a mother’s feelings for her child. In his text, B. Ekimov invites us to think about eternal problem maternal love.
to the heart loving person, especially for a mother, separation inflicts the deepest wound. The author introduces the reader to the story of the life of Khurdin, who returned home after five long years of absence, and draws our attention to the emotions with which his mother greeted him. The writer focuses on the sharpness and chaotic movements of the woman, thereby emphasizing her overwhelming joy and at the same time concern. At the moment of the meeting, she does not talk about herself at all, she only tries to express her intense excitement that has been eating her up all these years - but due to tears and overflowing with emotions, she could only bang her “light gray head on her son’s chest” in a frenzy. B. Ekimov leads us to the idea that five years of separation from her son was an endless period for this woman, and all the experiences that she experienced tortured her not only spiritually, but also physically.
Any separation from a loved one is accompanied by an abundance of moral and physical torture, but one year of separation between mother and son is equivalent to a decade. B. Ekimov believes that a mother’s heart is the embodiment of devotion, and love is the strongest and all-consuming feeling. And the less a mother knows about her child, the less often she sees him, the stronger and deeper her feelings.
I completely agree with the author’s thoughts and also believe that a mother’s love for her child is the most comprehensive, deepest and strongest feeling. It is no coincidence that writers and poets of all centuries sang and exalted it in their works, and it is no coincidence that this theme soon turned into an eternal one - on a par with love for one’s Fatherland.
For example, A.S. Pushkin in the story “The Captain's Daughter”, with the help of the farewell episode, very succinctly and deeply showed Avdotya Vasilievna’s love for Petrusha. The mother, having learned that her son was leaving for service for a long time, was shocked and depressed by this news so much that she “dropped the spoon into the saucepan, and tears flowed down her face.” Avdotya Vasilyevna also cried while saying goodbye to her son, wishing Petrusha health through her tears, because nothing could be worse than this parting for a mother’s heart.
The problem of maternal love was also raised by D.I. Fonvizin in the play "The Minor". He describes the main character as a stupid, hypocritical woman, a rude and mercantile wife, an evil and cruel landowner, but Prostakova’s love for Mitrofanushka is immense and sincere so much that it can, to some extent, even obscure many of the shortcomings of this heroine. However, unfortunately, Prostakova showered love on her son so much that he became fed up with this feeling and stopped appreciating it. At that moment when the heroine encountered Mitrofanushka’s betrayal, when she finally saw his neglect and rudeness, she was not just upset, she had the feeling that her heart was torn to pieces, and at the same time came the realization that her son, whom she so loves and cherishes very much, has grown bad person, unable to appreciate her love and care.
Summarizing the above, we can conclude that stronger than love mothers cannot have anything for their child - this is the brightest, most powerful and sincere feeling. This is why we should protect and love our mothers, no matter what - because we are the meaning of their lives.
THE PROBLEM OF PERSISTENCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS
1. In the novel L.N. Tostogo's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and not one that has a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and restraint and showed themselves to be true patriots.
THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS
1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine novel of the same name Charlotte Bronte. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often too demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, bright.
THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is the most important for Pyotr Grinev life principle it was an honor. Even in the face of danger death penalty Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize Pugachev as sovereign. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of the impostor.
2. The problem of maintaining honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the main character are completely different. Ostap is honest and brave man. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the sake of love for a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you always need to remain honest first of all with yourself.
THE PROBLEM OF DEVOTED LOVE
1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, the basis of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.
2. Selfless love- one of the themes of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites the finished chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. A woman sees her destiny in this.
THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" is shown long haul to the repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of “permitting blood according to conscience,” main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.
THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD
1. In the story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life was to accumulate wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.
2. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses social life, devotes himself entirely to his family. Natasha Rostova found her purpose in this world and became truly happy.
THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH
1. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person and shape his inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach one to think and make a person intelligent.
2. Ray Bradbury in his novel Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there is no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply unspiritual, since there is no literature that can force people to analyze, think, and make decisions.
THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION OF CHILDREN
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov’s apathy and weak-willedness in adulthood.
2. In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty, and love reigns in the Rostov family. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM
1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson works tirelessly. The main character rushes to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to gain the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2.
THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR
1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. was tragic. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Lisa Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.
2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. Further fate soldier's life turned out differently. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.
THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A PERSON IN LOVE
1. In the story by N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the enemy's camp, betrayed his brother, father, and homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to take up arms against his yesterday’s comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.
2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character of P. Suskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer." Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, creating a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to achieve his goal.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL
1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka eavesdropped and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to begin collecting information proving Nikolai Antonovich’s guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov’s expedition. All of Chamomile’s actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fates of other people.
2. The action of the hero of the story by V.G. entails even deeper consequences. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but is also the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya.
THE PROBLEM OF DECEITIVE APPEARANCE
1. In Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.
2. In Victor Hugo's novel "The Cathedral" Notre Dame of Paris"Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the main character is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul capable of sincere love.
THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went on reconnaissance missions, and never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after some time, Guskov began to think about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastya. The hero was tormented by pangs of conscience, but he was no longer able to change anything.
2. In V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov,” the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve “great Germany.” His comrade Sotnikov, on the contrary, is an example of perseverance. Despite the unbearable pain he experienced during torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY
1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story “Woke by Nightingales” writes about a difficult boy Seluzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night the main character heard the trill of a nightingale. The wonderful sounds amazed the child and awakened his interest in creativity. Seluzhenok signed up for art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens in the human soul best qualities, helps to unleash creative potential.
2. Love for native land- the main motive of the work of the painter A.G. Venetsianova. He painted a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. “The Reapers”, “Zakharka”, “Sleeping Shepherd” - these are my favorite paintings by the artist. Life ordinary people, the beauty of Russia’s nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood to be the most happy times. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov’s apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to awaken Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of life of his native Oblomovka forever left its mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced life path Ilya Ilyich.
2. In the poem “My Way” by S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood played an important role in his work. Once upon a time, at the age of nine, a boy inspired by the nature of his native village wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined S.A.’s life path. Yesenina.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PATH IN LIFE
1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer especially emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.
2.
From the book by M. Mirsky “Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko” I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” states that “you need to live your life with dignity so that you are not ashamed to remember.” With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and caring person.
THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY
1. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim" Black ear"told tragic fate Scottish Setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog is killed. Bima can confidently be called a true friend, devoted to his owner until the end of his days.
2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give up their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her far from her home. The collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with its former owners.
THE PROBLEM OF MASTERY IN ART
1. In the story by V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, through his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that young pianist amazingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.
THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS
1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the main character is interested in poetry. Yuri Zhivago - witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. Thus, life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.
2. The theme of a writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel Martin Eden. The main character is a sailor who has been doing heavy lifting for many years. physical labor. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this has become main theme his creativity. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.
THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MIND OF A PERSON
1. In the story by A.I. Kuprin" Garnet bracelet"Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of a Beethoven sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after the trials she has endured. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance, find the meaning of future life.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken in his soul feelings that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat.”
THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE
1.
In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for work for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because nothing could be harder for her than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna’s love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON PEOPLE
1. In Lev Kassil’s story “The Great Confrontation,” Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. One day a girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to perform a feat.
THE PROBLEM OF Pseudoscience
1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological teaching approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. He vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the extreme dishonorable acts to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists and the cessation of important research.
2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story “Candidate of Sciences” speaks out against those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and, consequently, of society as a whole. In the story by G.N. Troepolsky focuses on the need to combat false scientists.
THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE
1. In the story by A.S. Pushkin's "Station Warden" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died from melancholy and hopelessness. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father’s grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but repentance came too late.
2. In the story by K.G. Paustovsky's "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at Katerina Petrovna’s grave. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.
THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY
1. V.G. Rasputin, in his essay “The Eternal Field,” writes about his impressions of a trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.
2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva “And the dawns here are quiet...” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their combat comrade Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina’s son Albert returned to the site of the death of the anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.
THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE COURSE OF A GIFTED PERSON
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...” Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of selflessness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor rushed to help the sick every day, in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor earned the love and respect of all residents of the city.
2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite Mozart's death, his works live on and excite people's hearts.
THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVASTATING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR
1. In A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “ Matrenin Dvor"depicts the life of a Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to a loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy and became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.
2. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov’s “The Fate of a Man” shows the life path of soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.
THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE HUMAN INNER WORLD
1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, hard work, and determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who give in to feelings, but is convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.
2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive features character. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested real life, she makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov’s character.
THE PROBLEM OF TREATING PEOPLE FAIRLY
1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old money-lender. The investigator is a keen expert on human psychology. He understands the motives for Rodion Raskolnikov’s crime and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in Raskolnikov’s case.
2. A.P. Chekhov, in his story “Chameleon,” introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov is trying to decide whether she deserves punishment. Ochumelov’s verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The warden is not looking for justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF HUMAN AND NATURE
1. In the story by V.P. Astafieva “Tsar Fish” Ignatyich was engaged in poaching for many years. One day, a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on his hook. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself found himself overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: “The king of the river and the king of all nature are in one trap.” So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.
2. In the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her and knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin especially emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE
1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria “Casta Diva” awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov especially emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel “such vigor, such strength, which seemed to all rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat.” Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.
2. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don“Songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, and at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don and the steppes.
THE PROBLEM OF REPLACEMENT OF BOOKS BY TELEVISION
1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on popular culture. In this world, people who know how to think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was replaced by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.
2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful” D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because TV distracts people from worries and forces them to watch some program without rushing. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to people, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch” and makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.
THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE
1. A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous and soulless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. Tragic death the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.
2. In the story by V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which is about to be flooded. It’s hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions are disappearing, which over the centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY
1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem “The Poet and the Crowd” calls that part “stupid rabble” Russian society, who did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, the poems are in the interests of society. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the poet’s main goal is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.
2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “At the top of his voice” sees the poet’s purpose in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon that can inspire people and motivate them to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be given up for the sake of a common great goal.
THE PROBLEM OF TEACHER'S INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS
1. In the story by V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a village boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. While additionally studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and empathy.
2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry “ The Little Prince“The old Fox became a teacher for the main character, talking about love, friendship, responsibility, and loyalty. He opened it to the prince main secret of the universe: “You can’t see the main thing with your eyes – only your heart is vigilant.” So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.
THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS ORPHANS
1. In the story by M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all his remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life’s difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.
2. The story “The Republic of ShKID” by G. Belykh and L. Panteleev depicts the life of students at a social and labor education school for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and took the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans and create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.
THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN'S ROLE IN WWII
1. In the story by B.L. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet...” five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, on an equal basis with men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.
2. In the story by V.A. Zakrutkin’s “Mother of Man” shows the fate of a woman during the war. Main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria took care of seven Leningrad orphans and replaced their mother. Tale by V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.
THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” writes with irony about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded in foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings is polluting the Russian language.
2. V. Astafiev in the story “Lyudochka” connects changes in language with the decline in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the dysfunction of society, its degradation.
THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION
1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. Lyrical hero thinking about how to find the right path in life and type of activity. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.
2. In the story “Darwin” by E. Grishkovets, the main character, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do for the rest of his life. He realizes the “uselessness of what is happening” and refuses to study at the cultural institute when he watches a play performed by students. The young man has a firm belief that a profession should be useful and bring pleasure.
- Category: Arguments for the Unified State Exam essay
- S. Yesenin - poem “Letter to Mother”. The wandering of the lyrical hero, his homelessness, and sinful life are contrasted in the poem with the world of his home and all-forgiving maternal love. Yesenin's lyrical hero is deprived of spiritual integrity. He is a hooligan, a “Moscow mischievous reveler,” a rake, a tavern regular, full of “rebellious melancholy.” His internal state is conveyed in the poem by the epithets “evening”, “bitter”. At the same time, tenderness, love for his mother, sadness for home. Researchers noted in this work Yesenin’s development of the motives of the biblical parable about prodigal son. One of these motives is returning home from travels. It sounds in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth stanzas. And here we are talking not only about a meeting with the mother, with the parental home, but also about returning to the past, to one’s former self. In the parental home, the lyrical hero sees his salvation from life’s storms and adversities, from melancholy, restlessness, from misfortunes, painful thoughts. He remembers the past, and this past appears as the best time in life. The denouement is given in the last stanza. The lyrical hero here seems to forget about himself, about his adversities, fatigue, melancholy. In the center of the stanza here is the image of the mother. The topic closes with her son's concern about her. We see his sincere love and care: “So forget about your anxiety, Don’t be so sad about me. Don’t go on the road so often in an old-fashioned, shabby shushun.”
- A.A. Akhmatova's poem "Requiem". In 1935, Akhmatova's only son, Lev, was arrested. Soon released, he was arrested twice more, imprisoned and exiled. Anna Andreevna spent many hours in a terrible queue near the old St. Petersburg prison “Kresty”. And when she was asked if she could describe it all, she answered: “I can.” This is how the poems were born, which together made up “Requiem” - a poem about all those innocently lost during the years of Stalin’s tyranny. The poem reveals the tragedy of a mother who lost her son. Moreover, Akhmatova views this plot through the prism of mythology and history. The suffering of all mothers in the poem is expressed through the image of the mother of Christ, the Mother of God, silently enduring her grief. The motif of maternal love, raised to a universal sound, becomes defining in the work: “Magdalene fought and sobbed, The beloved disciple turned to stone, At the place where the mother stood silently, No one dared to look.” For Akhmatova, maternal grief becomes a symbol of national and universal grief.
- V.A. Sukhomlinsky - article “The Birth of Good”. In this article V.A. Sukhomlinsky turns to an old legend. The son, incited by his wife, destroys his mother and rips out her heart. Her heart continues to worry about her son. And then he bitterly repents of what he has done and understands what he has done. He leaves with his mother, and they turn into two mounds in the steppe. In this legend, the author speaks about the power of maternal love, about the all-forgiving heart of a mother.