Enterprises food industry have their pros and cons. A huge plus is high profitability and quick payback enterprises. Therefore, many entrepreneurs decide to open a production enterprise food products.
Features of the Russian food industry
The food industry has always been an attractive area for investment, since companies involved in the production of food and beverages are more resistant to crisis events than other industrial sectors. Stable cash flow, driven by small changes in consumer demand, allows the food industry to withstand long periods of recession. The production of food products in the form of finished products and semi-finished products is closely related to agriculture, which acts as a supplier of raw materials. The food industry is also inextricably linked with trade.
Oddly enough, but the least attractive from the point of view of investment are enterprises producing bread and bakery products. The reason for this is orientation. Russian citizens for the purchase of traditional varieties of bread and the presence of a mechanism for state regulation of prices for this type of product. In addition, this industry is of a territorial-local nature, the market is divided, and business development with the aim of expanding geography is impractical. One way to increase profitability and provide additional income is to develop related industries, for example, confectionery.
The most attractive for both domestic and foreign investors is production confectionery because they are in lately are invariably in consumer demand. IN Western countries On the contrary, the trend is becoming increasingly popular proper nutrition, so interest in confectionery products there is sharply reduced.
Global trends in the efficiency of investments in the food industry
Food is needed every day, so the food industry is the most liquid.
International stock indices showing changes in direction and current situation market, show that over the past five years, food industry companies have shown growth comparable only to the growth of companies producing high-tech products. The most popular among modern consumers are innovative products that meet the trends in the consumption of healthy and healthy food.
Shares of companies engaged in the production of nutritional supplements, for example, those that are able to fight oxidative stress by increasing the antioxidant defense of the human body at the genetic level, are steadily growing in price. Leading the growth are global product manufacturers that use microalgae technology and produce natural substances that promote health and well-being.
Thus, by investing in food companies, it is possible to achieve stable profits even during periods of general economic downturn.
Food industry
The food industry is a set of production of food products in finished form or in the form of semi-finished products, as well as tobacco products, soap and detergents. In the agro-industrial complex, the food industry is closely linked with agriculture as a supplier of raw materials and with trade. Some branches of the food industry gravitate towards raw material areas, others - towards consumption areas. Food industry branches
Soft drink industry Wine industry 
Confectionery industry Canning industry Pasta industry Oil and fat industry Butter and cheese industry Dairy industry Flour and cereal industry Meat industry Brewing industry Fruit and vegetable industry Poultry industry Fishing industry Sugar industry Salt industry Alcohol industry Tobacco industry Bakery industry
Food industry enterprises have their pros and cons. A huge plus is the high profitability and quick payback of the enterprise. Therefore, many entrepreneurs decide to open a food production enterprise. No plant or factory can count on a quick return on investment.
And in the food industry - please! Sometimes enterprises pay for themselves in just a few months, and then bring good profit. The big disadvantage of this area is the use of raw materials that have a limited shelf life and shelf life. Sometimes you have to work directly from the wheels, or organize competent refrigeration and storage facilities.
Also, the disadvantages include very close control by Rospotrebnadzor authorities. Main types food production: - baking, - pasta, - sugar, - starch and syrup, - confectionery, - alcohol and alcoholic beverages, - non-alcoholic beer, - oil, fat and margarine production, - winemaking, - canning of fruits and vegetables, - concentrates.
Features of the Russian food industry
Features of the Russian food industry - an example The food industry is the main processing industry within the agro-industrial complex.
Based on the nature of the raw materials used and the principles of location, the food industry can be combined into the following groups.
The first group is industries focused on raw materials. Their weight finished products less than the weight of the feedstock. In addition, many types of raw materials are not subject to long-term transportation and storage, such as sugar beets, fruits or milk. The most important industries in this group are: canning, tea, sugar, cereals and butter.
When producing granulated sugar from beets, the waste is about 85%. It is not difficult to calculate the costs of transporting raw materials. During long-distance transportation, the quality of beets quickly deteriorates; they break easily and rot. In 1855, a confectionery factory was founded in Moscow by the French Sioux. After 1917 it was nationalized and given the name "Bolshevik". In the 1990s. it again became a private enterprise, and the majority stake belongs to the French company Danone. The technology was updated and the production of many new types of confectionery products was mastered. The fishing industry is distinguished by the peculiarities of its raw material base and has not only stationary production (onshore fish canning factories), but also mobile production on floating fish factories. 90% in 
This fish catch comes from sea fishing.
The second group includes industries that use raw materials that have already been processed. They focus on the consumer. This is pasta. bakery, confectionery, tea-selling, brewing industries.
The third group is enterprises of the meat-processing, dairy and flour-grinding industries, located both in production areas and in consumption areas.
Main purpose of the food industry
The main purpose of the food industry is food production. Its development makes it possible to eliminate differences in the food supply of the population associated with unequal natural conditions districts. Food concentrates, canned food, frozen vegetables and fruits do not deteriorate during transportation and long-term storage. The food industry is closely related to agriculture. Based on the nature of the raw materials used, the industries included in it are divided into two groups. 
The first group includes industries that use unprocessed raw materials: cereals; dairy; sugar; tea room; canning; fish
The second group includes industries that use processed raw materials, such as: tea distribution; confectionery; bakery; pasta.
The food industry is found almost everywhere where people permanently live. This is facilitated by the wide distribution of raw materials used and the widespread consumption of food products. Nevertheless, there are certain patterns in the location of the food industry.
The placement of food industry enterprises is based on taking into account their specific characteristics.
Enterprises producing perishable and non-transportable products are located in areas of consumption.
Enterprises that process raw materials that are not transportable and cannot withstand long-term storage are located in areas where these raw materials are produced (enterprises in the canning, dairy, winemaking, fishing and other industries).
Enterprises that are particularly resource-intensive in production are also located in areas with raw material bases. These include sugar factories and oil mills.
It is not for nothing that this industry is considered the most significant and important in the country’s industry. And this is not surprising, since thanks to it the production of all necessary food products for people is carried out. And as we all know, a person cannot exist without food.
Statistics of the Russian food industry
The processing and food industry of Russia is part of the country's agro-industrial complex (AIC). It produces about 95 percent of all food consumed in Russia.
The population spends about ¾ of their income on it. Of course, there were downturns in the development of this industry during the crisis, but today the Russian food industry is still one of the strategic sectors in the economy. Its share in total food industrial production is about 15 percent. It also makes it possible to provide the entire population of the country with the most necessary food products.
The Russian food industry includes about 30 industries and more than 60 types of production. All this unites over 22 thousand enterprises engaged in various activities. They employ about 2 million people.
Currently, there is no shortage of food products in Russia. Shops and hypermarkets offer simply a huge range of products to choose from. Everyone will be able to choose and buy any product according to their taste and financial capabilities. This type of industry has simply enormous potential due to the presence of large raw material bases with an abundance of food products produced by agriculture. They all have high quality, which helped them win the trust and love of not only Russians, but also other countries around the world.
Today, the food industry in Russia is a priority for development. Thanks to the experience gained from foreign colleagues, our entrepreneurs are not afraid to experiment in producing a high-quality product. The most important thing is to constantly monitor and improve all technical and technological components of such production. The state itself strictly ensures that all norms and standards responsible for the quality of food products, as well as their safety, are observed. The food industry in Russia today is represented by thousands of enterprises that have different shapes ownership and production volumes.
Food itself has already become a rather specific product. This is due to the fact that most products cannot be stored for a long period of time. All this forces manufacturers to look for new innovative production technologies that can increase the shelf life of food products. This results in very high sales competition. All this only moves the Russian food industry forward, introducing various technical innovations.
The fact that almost all domestic products are present on the shelves of the country’s stores indicates that there is a progressive development of this industry. It is, and has always been, closely connected with agriculture - the main supplier of raw materials. The food industry and trade are closely connected.
Food industry sectors
What industries are included in the Russian food industry?
- Meat;
- Fish;
- Dairy;
- Bakery;
- Pasta;
- Flour-coarse;
- Oily;
- Fruit and vegetable;
- Food.
The bulk of enterprises involved in the food industry currently belong to the processing industries. The modern food industry in Russia uses the most various ways processing of food raw materials. All this is done with the aim of ensuring safe food consumption and increasing taste qualities. This includes special heat treatment, salting, canning, etc.
Changes in the technological processing of food products make it possible to achieve significant growth in the quality of such products.
According to the State Inspectorate, for recent years the quality of domestic products has increased significantly, and most Russian products have completely surpassed the quality of imported ones. All this helps reduce demand for imported goods.
To develop their own activities of goods manufacturers, the state granted them the right to develop and approve various technical specifications for your products. This allows you to significantly increase the range and diversify the design of food products sold.
Food industry companies at the exhibition
About current growth trends and promising directions in the Russian food industry you will be able to get acquainted in more detail at the Agroprodmash exhibition. To do this, you need to come to the largest exhibition complex in the capital, Expocentre Fairgrounds, and attend various seminars, lectures, exhibition halls and much more.
The food industry is the most important sector of the economy, creating food products based on the processing of agricultural raw materials (grain, potatoes, sugar beets, oilseeds, meat, milk, fish, etc.). It includes a large group (more than 20) of industries and sub-sectors, the main ones (by share in the production of industry products) of which are: meat, dairy, baking, fish, oil and fat, flour milling, winemaking, sugar, canning, confectionery. Using raw materials of plant and animal origin, the food industry (along with light industry) is more closely related to agriculture than other industries. Hence the unique location of its enterprises, and in some cases their special nature of work (seasonality of production, etc.).
The location of the food industry as a whole is determined by the action of raw materials and consumer factors.
Depending on the predominant role of the raw material or consumer factor in the food industry, three groups of industries are distinguished.
Industries where it is advisable to locate enterprises near sources of raw materials. These include industries in which the consumption of raw materials far exceeds the weight of the finished product (material-intensive industries). For example, the cost of sugar beets per 1 ton of sugar is 5-7 tons. In addition, sugar beets lose quality long-term storage or long-distance transport. For this reason, the places where sugar (sand) is produced geographically coincide with the areas of developed beet growing: the Central Black Earth, North Caucasus, Volga regions, the south of the Central region, the south of Siberia and the Far East.
A similar dependence on raw material bases is observed in the location of oil mills. Because the exit vegetable oil from sunflower seeds makes up 39-44% of the weight of processed seeds (depending on the processing method), they are placed in places where sunflower is cultivated - in the North Caucasus (provides more than half of the vegetable oil production in Russia), in the Central Black Earth (Voronezh and Belgorod regions stand out - more than 20%) and Volga region (Volgograd, Astrakhan region - 14%) regions. Closely related to the sources of raw materials are the canning (canning of fruits, vegetables, milk, fish), starch and oil industries, etc.
Most of the production of food fish products comes from the Far Eastern (Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions) and Northern (Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions) regions and the Kaliningrad region; canned fruits and vegetables - North Caucasus(Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Rostov region - more than 40% of the country's production), Central Black Earth and Volga regions.
To industries, whose enterprises gravitate towards places where finished products are consumed, include industries that produce perishable products, the weight of which, as a rule, exceeds the weight of the original raw materials (baking, confectionery, pasta, dairy industry, etc.).
The third group consists of production (industries), the initial stages of which are involved in the processing of agricultural raw materials at their sources, and the final stages (packaging, bottling, etc.) are located at points of consumption of finished products. These include winemaking (primary and secondary winemaking factories), tea (tea and tea-packing factories), tobacco (fermentation and tobacco factories), meat, flour-grinding and some other industries.
The meat industry, the largest branch of the food industry (in terms of gross output value and number of employees), produces meat, sausages, canned meat and other meat products. Enterprises specialized in slaughtering livestock (since transporting live livestock over long distances is ineffective - website), freezing meat, and producing canned meat gravitate toward raw material bases (areas of developed livestock farming). The main regions for this type of production are the North Caucasus, Ural, Volga, Central Black Earth and West Siberian regions. In places of consumption (mainly large industrial centers) there are enterprises specialized in the production of fresh meat, sausages and other meat products. Their production is available in all regions, but on a particularly large scale - in the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Novosibirsk, Rostov-on-Don, etc.
In the CIS countries, the food industry is represented quite widely. Particularly noteworthy is the specialization of Kazakhstan in the production of meat, canned meat and other meat products, Ukraine and Moldova - in the production of granulated sugar, sunflower oil, grape wines and canned fruits and vegetables, the Transcaucasian republics - tea, wine and cognac products, republics Central Asia- dried fruits.
A person has one need that always and in any conditions needs to be satisfied. No matter who you are, no matter what your occupation, you cannot do without good, wholesome food. It is not surprising that for a long time the food industry in one form or another has been the basis of the economy of many states.
Our country is no exception. It must be said that the Russian food industry has always been quite developed, since our state has almost always been an agricultural power. The resulting raw materials had to be processed for subsequent storage or sale, so the corresponding branch of the national economy developed quickly. In addition, Russia practically did not have a single peaceful century, so supplying the army with high-quality food products had to be constantly taken care of.
Brief historical excursion
The Russian food industry received its first blow during the First World War, and the dark time Civil War She was completely overwhelmed. Compared to 1900, food production decreased by five times. However, by 1927 the industry had almost completely recovered to its previous level, but it was not able to satisfy the needs of the young country.
The industrialization of the state, a sharp increase in construction and the expansion of production in all corners of the USSR led to the need for a radical revision of the food industry, which had existed until then. The relevance of this was the higher, the more high-quality raw materials began to be produced by collectivized agricultural cooperatives and collective farms. Around the same years, statistical departments calculated the average statistical figures for the needs of people of various professions in nutrients And individual categories products.
During Patriotic War Between 1941 and 1945, almost the entire Russian food industry, located in the central parts of the state, was again destroyed. The situation was saved only by the timely evacuation of most of the enterprises to the East. By the way, it is precisely thanks to this circumstance that Kazakhstan today has an advanced food industry in that region.
It should be noted that the food industry day in Russia, which is celebrated on October 19, was largely created in memory of the heroic work of industry workers who ensured continuous supplies of food to the rear and to the front.
Post-war problems
After five years, many sectors of the national economy, including the food industry, were restored to their previous pre-war level. But we have already said that even before the industry could no longer meet the increased needs of a rapidly growing and developing country. In fact, the situation was even worse. The fact is that the population of rural areas was fed almost exclusively by the products that were grown in the garden. People practically did not buy industrial products.
At that time, the country urgently needed as many workers as possible. The natural “candidates” for their role were precisely the peasants. But it was impossible to transport them to cities, since in this case the number of people who consumed food could rapidly increase. Of course, this situation could lead to famine. There was an urgent need to reorient the industry to new standards. Invaluable assistance in this regard was provided by the main institutes of the food industry in Russia (Moscow, Kuban), whose specialists developed many programs for re-equipping the industry.
Unfortunately, the local approach to solving this problem was completely wrong. Collective farmers were prohibited from keeping livestock in their personal farmsteads, or their number was legally limited. It was assumed that in this case labor productivity would greatly increase. Of course, to achieve this goal, production output standards were constantly increased. As for crop production, in order to increase the harvest of grain, the authorities decided to begin plowing black soil in Kazakhstan.
It was then that it became clear that there was a chronic shortage of qualified specialists for the normal exploitation of plowed lands. In fact, it turned out that only 40% of the total cultivated area could be used in accordance with agricultural standards. Because of the soil, it was rapidly declining, which ultimately led to the need to purchase grain abroad.
Perestroika
By the beginning of the 90s, the Russian food industry was far from in the best condition. Due to legendary mismanagement, the national economy lost up to 40% of finished products and valuable raw materials. In the period from 1970 to 1986, the medical and physiological supply of many professions constantly decreased. In fact, only representatives of the party elite, military personnel, sailors, pilots and astronauts ate normally in this regard.
At the beginning of 1991, the population's needs for vegetables, bread and pasta were covered by approximately 80-90%. As for sugar, lard, meat, milk and poultry, this figure was barely 55-60% in best case scenario. Who is not familiar with the queues for “scarce” products that became one of the signs of the late USSR? All institutes of the food industry in Russia in those years experienced a catastrophic shortage of personnel, and the level of training of the specialists they produced was rapidly falling.
After 1991 there was a rapid decline general production. Some sectors of the food industry have reduced output by 60%. The market condition was rapidly deteriorating due to the fact that potential buyers simply did not have the funds to purchase products from domestic manufacturers. All this happened against the backdrop of a powerful flow of cheap imported goods that poured like a river across the opened borders. Every food industry production in Russia in those years was simply forced to resort to unfavorable dumping, designed to maintain at least some consumer interest in their products.
State of the technical component of the industry
By the beginning of the 90s, everything was very sad in this area. Physically, much of the equipment was already half outdated, and as for moral “wear and tear”, it was completely prohibitive. Increasing technological backwardness and financial instability of the economy further aggravated the already far from brilliant position of the domestic food industry.
As a result, Russian production was unable to provide its own population with food. The situation became more serious the more often the sanitary and epidemiological services discovered the complete non-compliance of many imported goods with even the most basic standards. Legs with salmonellosis are far from the worst thing that was found then. Naturally, the Russian food industry itself received raw materials of similar quality. 2014 is much better in this regard; our sanitary and epidemiological control authorities are working much more intensively.
Components of the food industry in Russia
One of the main pillars of this industry in our country (and throughout the world) is livestock farming. This is what we will discuss now. This sector of the national economy provides at least 60% of the valuable raw materials from which domestic food products are produced. Alas, there are few regions in Russia in which nature allows breeding beef cattle. One of them is the Caucasus. The social situation there is such that a (relative) recovery of the industry has only become possible in recent years.
Accordingly, recently, at least 60% of the country’s population’s need for the same beef has been covered exclusively by imported supplies, because of which the Russian food industry is suffering. 2014 was marked by the introduction of Western sanctions. Oddly enough, it is precisely the last circumstance that allows us to hope for the prudence of the authorities, who, perhaps, will still pay attention to their own producers.
Cattle breeding
In our country it is developed in two directions: meat and dairy production and developed only in areas where the climate and food supply make production quite profitable.
In recent years, domestic dairy products have been distinguished by fairly high quality. The problem is the small amount of subsidies that the state allocates to support the industry. Theoretically, this is due to our country’s accession to the WTO, but this fact does not prevent Germany and France from supporting their own farmers. Today, a paradoxical situation has arisen: despite the fact that the country is capable of providing at least 89% of the need for dairy products on its own, we continue to purchase it abroad.
Because of this, the Russian food industry is suffering greatly. Report from industry experts last year indicates that the country can achieve completely independent milk supply in five to seven years. Instead, domestic producers are again left without government orders and funding.
As for beef, the situation is even sadder. The fact is that in our country there is practically no dairy farming as such. All meat of domestic origin that appears on the shelves of our stores comes from dairy cattle. It has such low nutritional characteristics, which is used in the food industry exclusively as an additive to pork. It is impossible to organize the production of full-fledged steaks or sausages from it, but these products could contribute to a significant increase in the income of Russian food producers.
Pig farming
Based on all of the above, we can conclude that at least 2/3 of the total need for raw meat is covered by pig farming. Domestic products made from it are of excellent quality and are always in high demand among consumers. The problem is that pork is a fairly expensive product, since obtaining it requires large subsidies for the construction of large pig-breeding complexes. The reality is that the state is in no hurry to invest in them, preferring to finance foreign manufacturers. Own food and processing industry Russia at this time is experiencing a chronic lack of funds.
Food industry sectors in Russia
Now let’s look at the main sectors of the Russian food industry. The principle of locating processing enterprises on the territory of the country is based on two factors: raw materials and consumer. In most cases, when building new enterprises, they focus specifically on the availability of raw materials, since a lot of it is required when producing food products. When transporting more or less long distances, huge costs are required to ensure its safety, and therefore production in such conditions simply becomes unprofitable.
Depending on the combination of all these factors, experts distinguish three branches of the food industry that are common in Russia:
- The sources of raw materials tend to be starch and molasses, sugar and vegetable oil, and canned vegetable products. For example, we have sugar production only in the Caucasus and Central Black Earth regions, since transporting somewhere hundreds of thousands of tons of raw materials, from which only a few tens of tons of finished products come out, is simply unprofitable and stupid. The largest food industry enterprises in Russia (ASTON, Yug Rusi) that produce vegetable oil are also located there.
- On the contrary, bakery industry production can be found throughout the country. This allows us to classify it as a consumer food industry. Grain is relatively easy to transport, and the yield of finished products from raw materials is quite large.
- Mixed industries: flour milling and meat. Primary processing of raw materials is carried out in close proximity to the places of their production, and then the semi-finished products are sent to the places of their final processing. A perfect example is fish. It is frozen on fishing trawlers. Salted herring, for example, is produced even in Udmurtia, from which the nearest sea is several thousand kilometers away.
Other industry characteristics
In general, the domestic food industry includes hundreds production cycles, characterized by high complexity. The most important are the basic varieties. Their products are the primary raw materials for more complex industries. These industries include: flour-grinding industry, production of raw sugar, production of milk with its subsequent cooling.
These can also include all Russian food industry enterprises specializing in fish production or slaughtering livestock. But here we already have to make distinctions between industries: the same beef can be immediately sent to store shelves, or it can be used for the production of sausages, meat bread, etc. Exactly latest processes are considered the most important, since the products obtained as a result of their implementation bring the lion's share of profit to the manufacturer.
Important production features
The food industry in our country alone satisfies the needs of millions of consumers. This is due to the huge variety of companies, some of which have been on the market for more than a hundred years (Nestle, for example). The peculiarity of this industry is that it is necessary to constantly find some new tastes and forms of release, since consumer interest must be maintained. It is for the latter reason that the modern food industry is interested in inventing new packaging and methods for its design.
Simply put, the food industry, not only in our country, but also abroad, employs thousands of people involved in the production of glass, paper, plastic and metal packaging. This largely determines the raw material nature of the location of industry enterprises: the same beer is best bottled in close proximity to factories where plastic and glass bottles. Transporting them halfway across the country is a costly affair.
Main costs of the food industry
If we talk about the profitability of this type of production, then Russian food industry enterprises incur considerable costs due to the need to purchase modern packaging lines and machines, the prices of which are not particularly affordable. The costs of professional printing of packaging are very high. Add to this payments to designers, marketers, costs for certification and promotion of your products. Thus, the modern food industry is a very, very expensive industry.
The main problems of the food industry in our country
In general, we have already talked about many of them. Thus, the development of the food industry in Russia is greatly complicated due to the almost complete absence state support industry. There are a lot of costs for setting up production (see above), taxes - even more, and there is no real interest of the top officials of the state in ensuring the country's own self-sufficiency.
We must not forget that there are several major players in the industry who control the food market almost all over the world. Everyone knows these companies: Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Unilever and others. Thus, almost all carbonated water is produced at factories whose shares belong to Coca-Cola. The same is true in the situation with chocolate: even by buying domestic sweets, you are sponsoring the Swiss Nestlé.
Of course, these Russian food industry companies in a certain sense profitable because they pay considerable taxes to the federal budget. The other side of the coin is that the domestic production of sparkling water alone is almost completely destroyed, since it is simply unrealistic for small companies to compete with such “whales” of the global industry. These are the main problems of the Russian food industry.
The peculiarities of the food industry include the fact that it is part of the agro-industrial complex. It is focused on producing products to satisfy the population's basic food needs. Food industry enterprises collect raw materials, process them and bring them to a form in which it is best to organize delivery to the end consumer.
Considering the report researchers leading research institutes of the country and their tables, this area of production is greatly influenced by the development agriculture. It determines the characteristics of the sectoral composition of the region’s food industry, its capacity and other important qualities.
What industries are included in the food industry?
There are the following branches of the food industry:
- production of soft drinks;
- winemaking;
- confectionery industry;
- canning;
- pasta;
- oil and fat and cheese making;
- flour and cereal;
- fruit and vegetable;
- poultry farming;
- bakery;
- brewing;
- salt;
- alcohol;
- tobacco and others.
Classification
The sectoral structure of the food industry implies its division into the following categories:
- include enterprises that work with imported raw materials. Their placement is focused on large transport hubs - railways, ports and others. The products they produce are usually highly transportable;
- include plants and factories that are located closer to raw materials or to the final consumer.
How is the production process carried out?
Most businesses of this type belong to the processing industries. Only some of them have a mining direction (production of salt, fish, etc.). For high-quality processing of primary raw materials, each plant uses its own technological schemes, but they all boil down to ensuring high safety of the final product.
The methods used should improve the taste of the manufactured products and make them more attractive to buyers. Also, all technological schemes for processing, if possible, should ensure long term storage of products, which is very important during their long-term transportation over long distances.
When producing food products, do not last role is assigned to the organization of processes of bacterial and non-bacterial fermentation of raw materials. In the first case, they mean fermentation that occurs with beer, wine, cheese, etc. The second group includes products that reach required characteristics using its own enzymes (for example, when aging meat).
There are other, no less popular, methods of processing raw materials - canning, stabilizing filtration (fruit juices, beer are subjected to), tenderization (using electrical voltage) and many others.
Characteristics of the Russian food industry
In Russia, livestock farming is most developed. This industry sector occupies leading place, since it provides about 65% of the raw materials for the further production process. Livestock enterprises are mainly located in the European part of Russia, where the climate is milder and there is enough feed.
Most of the production of this industry (about 70%) comes from livestock farming.
You can also note other areas that are developed in Russia:
- enterprises for the production of sugar, starch, canned food are located relative to the sources of raw materials. For example, a large ASTON plant is located in the south of the country. It specializes in the production of oil and similar products. There are sugar production enterprises in the Caucasus;
- factories producing bakery products are located evenly throughout the country. They are tied only to the consumer;
- any plant related to the flour-grinding, meat or fishing industries is located relative to the place where raw materials are extracted.
Production of bread and bakery products
Production capacities of the Russian food industry
The production capacity of various branches of the food industry in Russia is as follows:
- . Own sugar production reaches 3.3 million tons. The main raw material in in this case sugar beet appears. Raw cane sugar is also used, which is delivered from abroad;
- confectionery. In recent years production capacity This industry produces more than 3,500 thousand tons of products per year. Most enterprises of this type are located in the Central Federal District (about 40%). The leading companies are Mars, Wrigley, Mondelis Rus;
- oil and fat It mainly produces products such as butter, margarine, vegetable fats, and mayonnaise. Enterprises of this type primarily use raw materials obtained from the country. The leading direction in the industry is . The South of Russia company owns about 30% of the country's entire market;
- dairy. There are more than 1,500 different enterprises in this industry. On average, the country produces about 16.5 million tons of milk, 0.5 million tons of cheese, and 0.6 million tons of butter per year. Leading enterprises are Wimm-Bill-Dann, Ochakovo and Voronezh plants, Permmoloko;
- meat. Has about 3,600 factories different types. They mostly work with outdated equipment, so the volume of imported meat in Russia is significant;
- fish processing. The main region where the main enterprises of this industry are located is the Far Eastern fisheries basin. It provides 2.4 million tons of products per year;
- distillery and winemaking. Enterprises related to this industry are generally evenly distributed throughout Russia. Over the course of a year, the country produces up to 66.6 million deciliters of vodka, 6.9 million deciliters of cognac, 15.6 million deciliters of champagne wines, 32.1 million deciliters of wine;
- brewing. Baltika is considered the leading enterprise in this industry. It occupies 37% of the entire beer market in Russia and is actively exported to other countries of the world. Also working in this industry are the Sharypovsky, Angarsky, Barnaul, and Zhigulevsky plants.
Development of the food industry in different countries of the world
There are many industries all over the world that offer products suitable for further processing - flour milling, meat, fish, dairy and others. Basically, they represent certain agricultural formations, specially equipped places for slaughtering livestock or fishing. As a result, products are manufactured that can be immediately supplied to the market to the end consumer or sent for further processing.
Based on these features, powerful corporations have emerged in the world that are incredibly popular among consumers. For example, this is the concern plant Nestlé, Coca-Cola, Unilever and many others. Each of the corporations is represented by a variety of enterprises located throughout the globe.
The most successful countries with a developed food industry are Australia, Argentina, Canada, Germany, Belgium, Poland, China and many others. There are also factories that specialize in the extraction and production of exotic products - tea, tobacco, some fruits and vegetables, seasonings, etc. They are mainly located in countries such as Uganda, Thailand, China, India and others.
Enterprises located on their territory most often work with primitive equipment. They use the simplest technological schemes, which does not prevent them from obtaining large volumes of products. Basically, every factory located in these countries sells its goods in areas where there is a huge demand for them.