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What kind of factory can you open? Priority areas of food production

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Starting from scratch requires a lot of effort. This is a labor-intensive and problematic process that requires significant costs. It is recommended to calculate the important details of a business project in advance.

Search for an activity

An approximate list of types of profitable business:

  • Production building materials from scratch. You can open a small factory for the production of brick, concrete, steel, plastic, and metal-plastic. You can create sculptures from various materials.
  • Food production. Available, a mill, a wine and vodka or meat plant, a factory for the creation of semi-finished products, a farm, to make cottage cheese or dumplings.
  • Creation of household items. It is realistic to open the production of plastic windows, doors, grilles, furniture, various accessories, and dishes.
  • Services: taxi, dry cleaning, workshops, hairdressers. Business in the field of activity from scratch is relevant for those who do not have enough finances for initial investments. It is worth opening a production facility in a familiar field of activity.

Business preparation

To form your own business from scratch, you need to go through certain stages that involve solving the following organizational issues:

  • Idea formation. One dream is not enough; an entrepreneur must have special skills in the chosen industry. It’s not always worth being original and creating something new; the business may not catch on. It makes more sense to borrow a certain popular idea, adding a little personal touch or completely copying the idea.
  • Thinking through and creating a business plan is a fundamental point, working out the technical and financial details of production from scratch.
  • Choosing a room. To open a business, depending on the type of production, you will have to take into account compliance with sanitary standards and GOST. If necessary, it is worth deciding on the area of ​​the premises and warehouses.
  • Preparation of necessary documents from scratch. It is worth learning in advance about the documentation for your own business, various licenses and certificates. A ready-made package of documents will speed up the creation of production. An entrepreneur should study the laws relating to business in advance. We must not forget about timely payment of taxes in order to avoid problems with the tax office, which will make it easy to open a business.
  • Search for qualified employees. To open a profitable business, you need to have good staff. In certain types of businesses, workers will need health certificates.
  • Selection of suppliers. You need to advertise your enterprise, have quality products to obtain an impeccable customer base for marketing the product.
  • Advertising a business and finding clients from scratch. Without understanding advertising techniques, you should turn to specialists, in particular, people involved in SMM services. Professionals will help with communication tools and production promotion in in social networks. The best tactic in collaborating with clients and developing your own base is to give more than expected, then clients will become regulars.

Is it worth starting your own business?

Before starting a profitable business from scratch, a future entrepreneur needs to ask himself questions that give a general idea of ​​his own abilities. Not every beginner is mentally prepared to implement a business idea. Below are the inner beliefs of a successful businessman:

  • Awareness of the possible unprofitability of a business idea from scratch and the probable lack of profit.
  • Without entrepreneurial acumen and money, you cannot open a profitable business.
  • The case cannot be studied in a month.
  • Starting a business with a friend is not always a good idea.

Main examples of thoughts of “would-be businessmen”:

  • Business is not difficult. We must immediately plunge headlong into production and defend our original positions.
  • Reputation is acquired and there is no point in worrying.
  • Tired of stupid bosses - I want to open my own business and show my personal worth.

The main indicator of production efficiency

When creating your production from scratch, it is recommended to think through a business plan, especially the financial component. The following key concepts must be taken into account:

  • Client cost is a certain amount of finance for PR for the company.
  • Average bill is the approximate amount of one purchase. It is calculated in a simple way: revenue is divided by the average cost.
  • Cost is the minimum cost required to open production. Knowing the cost, the entrepreneur will not go into the red.
  • Revenue is the total amount of income in a certain period.
  • Profit is an indicator of the profitability of an enterprise. Expenses are subtracted from revenue, leaving net income, withdrawn by the entrepreneur and used for his own needs.
  • Conversion is the total number of actions taken compared to the planned ones.
  • A businessman should focus on increasing profits and reducing costs for one client.

Writing a business plan

A business plan will help an entrepreneur understand his own level of readiness, an idea of ​​the ultimate goal and the sequence of steps from scratch. There are several stages in creating a quality plan:

  1. Analysis of the current situation and collection of all information. Popular view analysis - SWOT. This abbreviation stands for strong and weak sides, opportunities and threats of production. Such an analysis allows you to create a more objective picture of business planning from scratch.
  2. Formulation and description of sections, including a resume, range of services, marketing tactics, financial and organizational plans, goals for the future, achievements.
  3. Implementation of an idea.

Opening a business is a costly process, financially and morally.

However, if you have the ability and patience, any production from scratch will be successful.

Are you looking for interesting directions to start your own company? We will help you. The business plan of the plant, described in this article, is designed to produce products in several directions with different levels of investment. It can be a large or mini-enterprise. When opening any option, it is necessary to draw up a production plan. We'll tell you how to do this in.

What kind of production can you open?

Regardless of the specialization, it is planned to open a full-fledged manufacturing enterprise. This requires the construction (rent) of a building and the purchase of specialized equipment - a technological line.

  1. . The production of thermal insulation materials is a promising direction for Russia. This can be mineral wool in different forms: slabs, mats, rolls. The most complex fiber blowing process. This requires expensive equipment. The line, which includes a conveyor for mixing raw materials, a melting furnace, a centrifuge for obtaining fibers, a corrugating machine and other devices, costs about 10-12 million rubles.
  2. Disposable goods. There are many areas here: These can be plastic dishes, napkins, medical shoe covers, gloves and masks, toilet paper, etc. We will not dwell on considering all the options, since the lines are approximately the same in cost. On our website you will find plans and enterprises for.
  3. . The direction is relevant for regions with developed agriculture. It is required to purchase lines for grinding, dosing, mixing, granulating, cooling feed and packaging finished products. This will require about 2.5 million rubles. The payback period for the project is 1-1.5 years.

Dairy plant business plan

There are several options in this direction. Production can specialize in the production of a specific group of goods or all dairy products. Equipment for such an enterprise is expensive. IN Lately it is very popular to take . Let's take a look at the directions.

  1. for the sale of dairy products. The required investments are 17-17.5 million. These are capital investments. Monthly costs will be 600,000 rubles. The payback period for the project is 1.5-2 years.
  2. . To open such a company, an investment of 4.2 million is required. This includes the initial investment costs of renting premises, purchasing equipment and setting up a technological line. Monthly costs of RUB 500,000 are also assumed. The payback period for the project is 1.5-2 years.
  3. . To set up a production line, you will need a pasteurization and cooling unit for yogurt, equipment for mixing milk powder and packaging the finished product. Cost – 3-4 million. Taking into account other costs (premises arrangement, company registration, etc.) to open an enterprise you will need 5-6 million rubles. Payback 20-24 months.

Opening a mini factory

Nowadays, opening a full-fledged enterprise with technological lines has high profitability. This requires serious investment. We suggest choosing a specific specialization and... It differs from a large enterprise in its lower technology and low cost of equipment.

  1. . To implement the project, an automatic production line is required. Its cost is about 1,000,000 rubles. But at first, you can install machines with manual drive. This will require 70,000 rubles. Payback – 6-8 months.
  2. . The project is designed for different levels of investment. It all depends on whether you buy an automatic, semi-automatic or assembly line. Last option the easiest to open a mini company. Required investment – ​​400,000 rubles.
  3. Opening a small confectionery company. An enterprise can specialize in. Products can be sold through supermarkets and bakery stalls. This option is even suitable for organizing home production.

Modern business options for plant construction

Waste recycling plant

For Russia promising direction entrepreneurship will be the opening of a waste recycling company. Please note that this option is not suitable for novice entrepreneurs. It requires a competent approach and serious investment. The construction of the building, the purchase of transport and equipment will require 770 million rubles. It is expected to receive an annual profit of 171 million rubles. The payback period for the project is 4.5 years. This is a long-term project. Often such a business is implemented within the framework government programs. For individuals this is too expensive.

Concrete plant

Popular destinations:

  • production of concrete directly on construction sites. It is planned to purchase stationary mobile devices for mixing and producing concrete mixture. This option is similar;
  • production of concrete products, for example, reinforced concrete fences, tiles, etc.

We are not considering investments, since the range is too wide. It all depends on the performance of the equipment. Costs start from 500 thousand and end in tens of millions of rubles.

Nowadays, a person who is wondering about opening his own production has to not only find an idea for its further implementation.

To bring your plans to life, you need to analyze market demand and supply, assess competitive forces, calculate capital investments, risks, development prospects and profits.

Production is always profitable

Against the backdrop of falling incomes of large and small firms whose activities are related to stock markets and trading, the attractiveness of manufacturing is growing.

Engaging in it becomes clearly more profitable than “buying and selling” in any form.

Particularly attractive are small and medium-sized businesses, the opening of which does not require unaffordable capital investments, but promises good profits.

The stereotype “start without starting capital” successful business impossible” continues to weigh heavily on many aspiring entrepreneurs.

In fact, if you have good prospects and competent management, opening your own production is not an easy, but a realistic goal.

Every person is capable of achieving success by opening their own production and bringing their favorite business idea to life.

Unless you are 100% sure that:

  • He will produce the chosen product with absolute knowledge of the matter and great pleasure.
  • The new manufacturer will be able to offer consumers the product not in a single name, but in the form of a product line.

Ideas for business from scratch

If you are going to start your own business without investment, then, of course, it makes sense to give preference to a small production workshop.

If we talk about starting production from scratch, 10 options seem to be the most attractive.

  1. Semi-finished products. Frozen dumplings, cutlets, dumplings, nalistniki, pancakes - all this is bought with pleasure by consumers who do not have time to stand at the stove. Therefore, with a good price-quality ratio for this type of product, good sales are guaranteed.
  2. Muesli bars. Tasty and healthy food with a variety of fillings (here’s a wide range for you). The cost of raw materials and equipment will be about 300 thousand rubles, and with successful sales they can be recouped in six months.
  3. Mini bakery. It also does not require special expenses, however, this business has a drawback: in your area or city, the market may already be occupied with freshly baked baked goods. If so, you can bake specially delicious pies or produce sheet dough, surpass competitors in quality, range and uniqueness.
  4. Handmade soap. You can definitely start production at home, and over time, when profit appears, you can purchase equipment and rent premises, spending about 500 thousand rubles.
  5. Furniture to order. The demand for original cabinets, tables and chairs made to individual sizes is considerable. The ability to make them according to original sketches, which can come with experience, is a good path to success.
  6. Nails. To begin with, you can purchase a used wire nailing machine, or a new model of an old model. Such offers can be found on sale and their cost will be about 100 thousand rubles. Raw materials are also not expensive, and there will always be buyers for construction products.
  7. Cinder blocks and other building materials. Many types of building materials can be made without investment - at home, having equipped a garage or shed for these purposes. They are building a lot in Russia - the goods will not linger.
  8. Paving slabs. The thing is just as necessary and in demand. Equipment for its production using the vibration casting method will cost 200 thousand rubles.
  9. Concrete gravestones. Sadly, the demand for this type goods - always exist and will be. The investment in equipment is approximately up to 70 thousand rubles. The technology is not too difficult to master.
  10. Mini printing house. Equipment required is designed for small batches of printed products, and therefore inexpensive. And many companies and institutions need such products - there is a chance to occupy their niche.

And in this topic we will consider business options without investment. You will learn where to get ideas from and what field to choose.

New ideas

Many aspiring businessmen are attracted by the search for a completely new and unique idea, which would occupy a free niche in the market.

Their logic “fewer competitors - more profit” is not difficult to understand. New ideas for our own production appear constantly.

What new products are attracting attention today?

Lego bricks– the latest word in the production of building materials. From these, a non-professional builder can build the walls of a house with his own hands, just as children build houses from construction blocks.

This type of building material is produced from sand or crushed stone screenings using the vibration compaction method.

All you need is a brick press that allows you to make bricks that comply with GOST, and a small room with suitable electrical wiring. You can make a quick and considerable profit.

Glowing balloons. A wonderful decoration for all kinds of holidays - weddings, corporate events, school evenings, opening of new restaurants and night clubs and many others. You can start manufacturing manually, without significant costs. This production is quite profitable and quickly pays for itself.

Warming gloves. The heater operates on batteries or accumulators, reacts to the heating of your hands - if they are already warm, it turns off. Heating equipment that has exhausted its service life can be removed, but the gloves will still serve the buyer. The disadvantage of this production is that the necessary equipment is not easy to purchase, it costs quite a lot, and the profit from such an enterprise is only seasonal.

Stages of organizing your own production

  1. Business plan. A mandatory manual for a beginning manufacturer, which briefly and accurately describes the proposed project - production and marketing of goods, start-up capital(no matter how small it is) and its sources, planned income, expenses, forecasts, risks and many others. Let us note that it is unwise to neglect business planning, because if you “steer your business blindly, you will not go far.”
  2. Registration of a business entity. If necessary, also obtaining a number of permits, passing all inspections and certifications required by law.
  3. Search and rental of premises. Skip if you decide to start with making products at home.
  4. Purchase and installation of equipment. In some cases, this is followed by technological preparation of production.
  5. Hiring staff. It is not required if you decide to do everything on your own and can really manage it without subordinates.
  6. Supplying production with raw materials and everything else necessary for uninterrupted production.

Depending on the chosen business, there may be more stages of organizing production.

It should also be taken into account that everything goes smoothly on paper, but in reality, production, even for a small business, is a complex process that requires the ability to quickly and effectively solve many issues, sometimes completely unexpected.

However, a person who truly loves his job is or becomes a knowledgeable specialist who can handle anything.


Dumpling production is a process similar to home cooking, but on a larger scale. The product goes through several stages:

  1. Selection of raw materials (meat, flour, spices, water).
  2. Recipe development - dumplings made from one type of meat or combined minced meat.
  3. Preparing dough that should not be thick, but also not break at the most crucial moment.
  4. The choice of sculpting method is manual or machine.
  5. The production process from minced meat to packaging and sending to the freezer. It can be conveyor or manual.

There's nothing complicated. There is only one point - to make dumplings at home, where the housewife alone controls the process, or in an industrial-scale “kitchen”, where everything must be sterile, molded in accordance with the recipe and the requirements of government authorities. Dumpling production can be organized in the kitchen of your home or you can find a suitable room and equip it with the appropriate equipment and equipment. That's two different directions, in which the scale of investment and the number of products produced differ significantly. Accordingly, the opportunities to earn money will be different.

At home production It is impossible to complete the paperwork necessary to transport dumplings to grocery store shelves. Rospotrebnadzor, SES and other authorities issue permits, certificates, certificates only for products manufactured in specially equipped premises. Therefore, you can make dumplings for sale only for friends, relatives or private consumers. But you won’t earn much capital from this.

Opening a dumpling shop, even a small one, provides greater opportunities than making it at home. A small business in the production of dumplings usually starts as a family business and gradually gains momentum. It is irrational to start right away with a large complex, given the scale of competition. It is better to move from small to large, taking into account mistakes and finding attractive recipes for consumers. In addition to dumplings, the production can produce dumplings with various fillings. It won't be a big hassle because the molding principle is the same, but the revenue may be higher due to the variety of choices for customers.

The right start

Where should a beginner start if he is attracted to a business idea for producing dumplings? Any business begins with an in-depth analysis of the selected market segment and writing a detailed business plan. Without this, you will not be able to understand what investments will be required at the initial stage and whether this direction is profitable in a particular region. If the findings are positive, then the following steps will have to be completed:

  1. Register your entrepreneur status.
  2. Find a room that meets the occupancy requirements food production.
  3. Collect a package of documents from government agencies that will allow you to open a dumpling shop.
  4. Develop a recipe and decide what list of products will be produced in production.
  5. Select equipment.
  6. Explore potential partners who can provide the workshop with high-quality raw materials.
  7. Resolve the issue of staffing.
  8. Find distribution channels for semi-finished products.
  9. Develop a marketing strategy.

These are the main points in implementing your idea of ​​​​producing dumplings. Let's look at each stage in more detail.

Organizational aspects

When considering the algorithm of actions for a novice entrepreneur, we will focus on opening a separate dumpling shop, rather than home-made dumplings. You can start either by searching for suitable premises or by registering a business. Although, when submitting documents for registration to the Federal Tax Service, you will have to submit a lease agreement or evidence of ownership of a specific object.

A new entrepreneur must take care of premises that:

  • Meets the requirements of the SES and fire department.
  • Has access to water supply, electricity, sewerage.
  • Spacious, it is possible to arrange equipment and ensure the safety of raw materials and products.
  • It is advisable that production be located close to a populated area in order to reduce fare. This is beneficial for expanding the scope of activity if over time it is decided to open your own dumpling cafe.

If the premises are to be rented, then you need to agree with the owner about a long stay, so that during the recovery stage you do not have to curtail production and change the location.

Business registration

For a dumpling shop, two forms of work are relevant: individual entrepreneur ( individual entrepreneur), if there is one owner, and LLC (limited liability company), if several partners will invest in the business. In any case, you need to collect a complete package of documents, pay the state fee and contact the regional tax office. When filling out the application, you must select the type of main and additional activities according to OKVED. The following codes are suitable for the production of dumplings:

  • Main view entrepreneurial activity select "Production" food products"(code 10).
  • There are two additional options: for dumplings with meat – “Production of meat (meat-containing) semi-finished products” (code 10.13.4), for dumplings with potatoes – “Production of frozen semi-finished potato products” (code 10.31).

At the registration stage, you must select a taxation system so that the tax office does not automatically make charges for common system, which may be disadvantageous for a novice entrepreneur. You need to consult with tax authorities, but most often businessmen choose the simplified tax system according to the “income minus expenses” scheme, given that at the first stage there will be a lot of expenses.

Don’t forget to register with the Pension Fund, Social Insurance Fund, and Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund if you plan to hire employees. In production, it is impossible for one owner to do all the work, even with full automation of the workshop.

We collect a package of documents

Business legalization is not the only paperwork step. After receiving the certificate, you will have to go through other authorities to obtain permission to open a dumpling shop. What documents need to be collected:

  • Lease agreement for the selected premises.
  • Certificate of inspection of the premises by firefighters (usually this document is drawn up by the owner of the property).
  • Technical passport for the premises with the latest edition of the redevelopment.
  • Recipe approved by Rospotrebnadzor.
  • Technical conditions.
  • Conclusion of the SES on the condition of the areas where production will be located.
  • Projects of engineering and technological communications (placement of electrical networks, water supply, sewerage, exhaust hoods, fire alarms, panic buttons).
  • Products will require a quality certificate if sales are planned in grocery stores.
  • Permission from the administration and architecture to open a dumpling shop, posting information on the facade of the building.

Documents can be collected gradually. First of all, it is advisable to undergo an inspection of the premises so that the investment will not be in vain if the SES does not issue a permit and it will be impossible to correct the shortcomings. After approval, you can contact design services that will help you arrange the room and properly plan the space.

Production equipment

This stage is the most expensive and stressful, because it is necessary to bring all the rooms into proper condition, select and order equipment, provide conditions for the work of personnel, storage of raw materials and products. Objects in a dumpling shop or warehouse should be placed ergonomically so as not to make unnecessary movements. To complete the production hall, you will need equipment that corresponds to the planned daily production plan.

At this stage it is advisable to study different offers on equipment, analyze characteristics, cost. For a novice entrepreneur, in order to save money, there is the option of purchasing used equipment. But this may be a “pig in a poke” if the resource of equipment and devices is coming to an end. Repairs will be expensive and will result in downtime for the dumpling line.

A standard set of equipment for mechanical modeling of dumplings and dumplings may consist of the following items:

  • Dough mixer for kneading dough. Its cost depends on power, bowl volume and hourly productivity. Varies from 50,000 to 300,000 rubles.
  • A flour sifter allows you to remove lumps and small inclusions from the mixture and saturate it with oxygen. average cost for one set - from 25,000 to 100,000 rubles.
  • Meat grinder for chopping meat. The assortment is large, but it is worth considering production volumes. The cost of an industrial meat grinder is from 50,000 to 500,000 rubles.
  • A mince mixer is used to mix the required ingredients. The better the process, the more homogeneous, rich and tastier the minced meat turns out. Prices range from 70,000 to 500,000 rubles.
  • An automatic complex for making dumplings, into which dough and minced meat are loaded and where programs are configured. The products go through the entire stage from dough rolling to dumpling packaging and labeling. Such a device can cost from 300,000 to 1.5 million rubles.
  • Refrigeration equipment will be required for the warehouse where raw materials and finished products will be stored. A dumpling shop also needs a refrigerator for pre-freezing finished products before the stage of packaging and sending for storage.
  • Do not forget that you will need funds for consumables for equipment, packaging, labels, scales, various containers, and dishes. Staff rooms must be equipped with a wardrobe, bathroom, and shower to ensure employee hygiene.
  • In the administrative building it is necessary to install upholstered furniture, cabinet furniture, and office equipment.

You don't have to spend a lot of money on repairs. It is enough to make simple cosmetic repairs to keep it clean, and think about light sources and hoods.

Recipe development

The market offers a wide range of dumplings with various fillings, so the owner needs to develop his own product recipe in order to be able to attract consumers. Without a ready-made recipe and a list of manufactured products, it will not be possible to obtain approval from Rospotrebnadzor.

Perhaps your mother or grandmother prepared dumplings according to their family recipe and their taste was unforgettable. Then you can take it as a basis. But one type is not enough to reach a large audience of consumers. Tastes and preferences are different, so you can use different types of meat for the filling:

  • Beef.
  • Pork.
  • Veal.
  • Mutton.
  • Bird (various).
  • Game (hare, venison, etc.).
  • Rabbit.

The more varied the choice, the more buyers. You can order a recipe from an experienced technologist if such a position is not provided in the state.

Packaging is also an important detail in selling products; it is worth discussing this issue with the designers if there is no option for selling dumplings and dumplings by weight.

We are staffing

Small-scale dumpling production requires hiring employees. Even a fully automated workshop must be controlled by a person to add ingredients, set up a work program, and turn on the conveyor. Small business often involves the participation of family members, but each participant must be registered employment contract and have a health certificate in hand. For small production you will need the following services:

  • Equipment operator.
  • Technologist.
  • Butcher.
  • Warehouse Manager.
  • Helper worker.
  • Loader.
  • Cleaning woman.

The owner can handle administrative work and the issue of searching for suppliers and distribution channels, so as not to spend money on an administrator and manager. We hire an accountant part-time, because there will not be a large amount of work at the initial stage. You can do many paperwork yourself. Employees are paid a salary because it makes no sense to determine the salary level based on sales volume.

Selection of raw material suppliers

Making dumplings is not only equipment, but also high-quality raw materials at an affordable price. You need to find suppliers of meat, spices, and vegetables in advance. It is not profitable to buy products at the market or in a store, because the price will be very high, which will affect the final cost of the dumplings. In order to make money and not spoil the impression of buyers, you need a farmer who raises animals for slaughter and has documents confirming the quality of the meat. Without certificates, it will not be possible to sell dumplings through retail chains.

Spices and flour can be bought at wholesale stores, but you should make sure of their quality. The type of flour will greatly affect the external characteristics of semi-finished products and their properties in finished form. First, you need to make a trial purchase and make a small batch of dumplings to see the result. You can deliver raw materials yourself or enter into a delivery agreement with a partner.

We think about product sales in advance

Although dumplings are not a perishable product, it is not profitable to keep a large batch in a warehouse for a long time. Therefore, before launching production at full capacity, you need to find a distribution channel:

  • Small grocery store.
  • Dining room, cafe.
  • Rent a small area and install a chest refrigerator.
  • Go to chain shopping centers.
  • Participate in agricultural fairs and sell dumplings from a tent on wheels.

In any case, you shouldn’t expect great demand right away, because until the consumer tries it, he won’t buy several packages. You can release a trial batch of products and organize a tasting of dumplings so that people can evaluate the quality and leave requests for single deliveries.

Start looking for distribution channels at the stage of preparing production for opening in order to control production volumes and not work at a loss. Investments must pay off; the profitability of dumpling production should not be lower than 25%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Before starting to implement a business idea, it is worth studying the pros and cons this direction, so as not to curtail production after investing large amounts of money. The disadvantages of the dumpling business include the following:

  • You are unknown to the consumer, and it takes time to get enough customers at once (this is especially true in food production).
  • It is difficult for newcomers to enter large retail chains, because companies set conditions in which it is impossible for a manufacturer to make good money unless they inflate the cost of products. And this is not in favor of the consumer. Retail chains transfer money with delays, so the manufacturer must pay all expenses independently without making a profit.
  • It is difficult to find premises suitable for locating production. We have to invest in redevelopment, provision of water supply, electricity, and other communications.
  • The competition is serious, but it all depends on the location of the new workshop, the quality, range and cost of the goods presented on the shelves.

The advantages include the following indicators:

  • There is always a demand for dumplings. Even a family with average income often fills the freezer with semi-finished products in order to cook them at the right time.
  • Consumers choose quality. If competitors think only about profit, greatly inflate prices, add soy and flavorings, then it makes sense to compete with them in quality and reasonable price.
  • You can make money even on small batches and not spend money on expensive equipment. Use regular kitchen appliances, get your family to make dumplings by hand, or use a special dumpling mold.
  • There is a prospect for expansion if you open a dumpling shop or a small outlet to sell your products personally.

It is profitable to establish sales in countryside, where the range of products is not always large. Even rural residents don’t always want to make homemade dumplings. Therefore, it makes sense to start your own business.

Eventually

Despite the large number of enterprises engaged in the production of semi-finished products, the demand for dumplings and dumplings will never disappear. There is no point in jumping into a large complex right away, but for a small business, such as a family business, it makes sense to start in the food industry. A dumpling shop with a sales function might be a good option. ready-made dish, the so-called dumplings. The principle of registration and preparation for opening is approximately the same, but requires more investment. Although the profitability may be higher.

Organization of a food production workshop

Food production project
Basic requirements for the premises
Characteristics of the premises for a production workshop or factory


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Microbiology and chemistry of modern food production

Product packaging in food production
Required Permissions and requirements for food production
Priority areas of food production

Marketing.
Advertising.


Financial plan.
Investments
Payback
Additional profit
Let's sum it up

Opening any food production facility in Russia can become a very profitable business. Despite the fact that stores offer a wide range of grocery products, the state encourages increasing the diversity of the consumer basket. In particular, we are talking about products that are consumed by Russians every day. Of course, the goal is to reduce prices and improve the quality of the entire range of food products.
If we analyze the assortment on retail shelves in the Russian Federation and, for example, in Italy, we can note that, despite the abundance, prices in the Russian Federation are quite high and manufacturers do not strive to reduce the cost, while the products are quite monotonous. There is a variety of labels on the shelves. In practice, we can say that many Russian products do not have their own identity. And we are not talking about image decisions that are presented as part of advertising campaigns, but about the unique nutritional qualities of products.

If we consider the dynamics of development and production of products in the food industry, we note a constant and intensive growth in production. As is known, in 1996-1998 the level of production fell almost by half in relation to the volume of production in the USSR; now the industry has practically been restored, but has not yet reached the previous level in terms of production volume.

One of the directions for increasing the volume of product production, undoubtedly, is to attract small and medium-sized businesses into the industry, which are able to provide regional markets and create the necessary variety of goods included in the consumer basket. At the moment, food production in the Russian Federation is largely represented by large food factories and even their associations, which often reduces all antimonopoly measures to minimal effectiveness.

Against the background of this situation with large manufacturers, the state is creating conditions for small full-cycle production - for farms or their cooperatives, which have equipment for processing products at their base. Of course, such farms face difficulties in sales and relationships with large retail chains, which largely control the food market. Retail chains It is more profitable to deal with a large supplier with a wide range than with small farms in the regions. This is not only due to the increased complexity of business accounting, but also to the inability to dictate the value on the market. It is also not profitable for large enterprises to “let” small regional consumers into the market, since due to the potential improvement in the quality of products from farmers or small industries, there may be a decrease in demand for factory products.

At the same time, there are always opportunities for the development and opening of small, highly profitable food production with a small initial investment. We will consider this issue in the proposed review.

Given that there are general principles organization of food production, certain types of business are characterized by a number of features. If we consider the food industry, we can identify a number of areas that are most beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses. As part of the review, we will consider food production and its effectiveness using the following examples, which are highly unique.

Confectionery production: production of sweets according to unique (“old”) recipes
The peculiarity of this business will be the quality of the raw materials used: cocoa butter, cocoa powder, high-quality milk powder, which do not contain chemical ingredients, including trans fats. At the same time, manufactured products can be divided into products for children, adults - men and women, diabetic products and others. This approach will simplify the selection of products.

The main problem of large confectionery factories is that they produce the same type of products according to the same recipes, which also have a high cost and often quite low quality with chemical additives. In a small production you can implement a variety of recipes for making chocolate and confectionery with a short shelf life based on natural ingredients, having developed our own specifications ( technical specifications).

Production of fermented milk products: cheeses, yoghurts, sour cream based on French starter cultures
The peculiarities of this type of production consist in offering consumers an expanded range of dairy products with a short shelf life. The main goal is to offer consumers a diverse range of national fermented milk products based on natural starter cultures.

Mostly yoghurts can be seen on supermarket shelves. long-term storage, not distinguished by original taste, foreign and national producers, who, in turn, strive to reduce the cost of production of raw materials (high costs of maintaining large-scale production). Small businesses are not burdened by large infrastructure, so they can offer small batches of fermented milk products with unique qualities. The same situation is observed in cheese production.

Here are the names of fermented milk products that can be produced in small production:
. yogurts: “Francesca” for weight loss, Greek yogurt (often used as a filling cream in confectionery), Turkish Valide yogurt, bifidoyogurt, fitness yogurt, Matsoni, Tan (Ayran), Katyk yogurt;
. curd mass: Tema curd mass, Lactonic curd, chocolate-covered curds;
. kefirs: bifidum, therapeutic and prophylactic, biokefir, acidophilus, acidolact turak, ryazhenka ibifidoryazhenka;
. cheeses: cream cheese “Formaggio-Fresco”, “Philadelphia”, “Mascarpone”, “Feta”, “Mozzarella”, feta cheese, shelf-stable feta cheese, “Roquefort”, “Dor Blue”, “Stilton”, “Gorgonzola Dolce” , “Jugas”, “Camembert”, “Brie”, “Cheddar”, “Parmesan”, etc.

The main problem of mass production in unified technical conditions, due to which the original taste of the product and the recipe used is lost. In addition, in order to reduce risks, factories produce only “hot” products and use substitute ingredients. Similar products from different manufacturers have almost identical prices. This situation not only does not imply competition (and therefore does not contribute to lower prices), but in general does not imply an increase in the diversity of the consumer basket. Meanwhile, dairy products belong to the category of high nutritional value.
Small production facilities are more mobile and can offer small batches of fermented milk products with a wide variety of assortments. In the given example, the possible assortment is compiled on the basis of starter cultures for the production of fermented milk products sold by BK Guilini (Germany), Sacco (Italy), Vitamax-E, Caglifitsio Clerici (Italy), Cargil (Ivory Coast), Laktina (Bulgaria), Meito.

Production of bakery products: hot and fresh bread and cookies
In the old days, bread was considered the main product in Russia. After the advent of potatoes, bread consumption decreased, but it is still the most consumed product. Opening a small bakery that bakes fresh bread is a good start for anyone who wants to open their own business. As an additional assortment, cookies made according to the original national recipes, which can attract a wide range of regular customers and provide a very decent income.

Production of canned products and fruit wine: jams, confitures, syrups, fruit wine
It is recommended to open a workshop for the production of canned products in the southern regions of Russia or regions with extensive forests, where there is an abundance of fruits or wild berries. In these regions, the procurement of fruits and berries is simplified. In many villages and cities of the south, pears, apples, cherries, and apricots are practically “waste” goods that can be bought at low prices for further processing.
As a rule, preserves, jams and confitures in stores do not have a variety of tastes. On the basis of a small production, it is possible to start producing jam according to traditional, national and original recipes. Berries and fruits can become raw materials for the production of berry wine, liqueurs and tinctures. Traditionally, such products are in great demand.

The food industry is one of the areas most controlled by the state. First of all, strict control concerns the sanitary and epidemiological sphere. Sanitary standards not only become more complex every year, but the number of standards in general is growing.

Perhaps this is the only thing that will be difficult for a novice manufacturer to master. But the abundance of regulations does not imply that it is impossible to understand them and comply with the requirements, receiving a fairly high profit. Sanitary standards and requirements concern three components of the future food business: premises, equipment and personnel.

The premises for food production must be equipped in accordance with the approved requirements. The main supervisory authority over the design, construction and commissioning process is Rospotrebnadzor.

There are two options within which conditions for the production of food products will be created that comply with the legislation. The first is the simplest; you will need to find an empty premises that previously housed food production. Receiving documents from the owner of the rental building will greatly simplify the registration process.

The second option involves refurbishing and, accordingly, redesigning the premises specifically for food production. The project must be carried out by an architect bureau that has some experience in this direction, the appropriate permit and license for the design of public catering establishments and the food industry.

A workshop located within an urban area may have a store; when locating a workshop in an industrial zone, planning must take into account the costs of opening a store within the city. Opening retail outlet selling products will cost 500,000-3,000,000 rubles.

Food production project.
A food production project must have standard sections for non-residential buildings:
- architectural and construction, which contains plans and diagrams of premises and features of redevelopment for a new production;
- technological, implying a plan for the placement of production equipment;
- section covering the power supply system;
- Ventilation and air conditioning;
- heating and water supply system;
- Fire safety;
- occupational Safety and Health.

The finished project must be submitted for approval to Rospotrebnadzor. The supervisory authority, for its part, must check whether the project complies with sanitary standards. The project must be coordinated with a number of regulatory services: fire protection, public utilities department, energy sales, city architecture department. After approval of the project, reconstruction should be carried out construction organizations who have a license and/or are members of the relevant SRO.

Basic requirements for the premises.
Here are some existing requirements for food production premises, which are valid for everyone who wants to open a workshop:
1. The premises must comply with current hygiene standards; the walls must be lined with glazed tiles at least 2.5 meters from the floor. Non-toxic mixtures are used during installation, which is reflected in the project. The rest of the surface is covered with special paint for food production without toxic fillers.
2. Walls in warehouses must be treated with lime.
3. Special attention The project pays attention to ventilation and lighting; all production premises must have a maintained level of humidity.
4. Water supply and sewerage systems in workshops are divided into three components: the main elements of production water supply, built-in elements of personal hygiene, and an outlet for floor washing. The sewage system must be protected from blockages.
5. Equipment and furniture must have sanitary certificates from the SES. Equipment with metal or plastic surfaces is recommended.
6. It is necessary to take into account electrical and fire safety parameters and implement protection against electrical shock; cables are laid at a height of 2.5-3 meters in thermal protective casings. The production must have a centralized switch, as well as an automatic shutdown system.
7. The main requirement for food production premises is the presence of a buffer zone between the office and production parts.

Characteristics of the premises for a production workshop or factory.
Any facility with an area of ​​200-100 square meters can be selected as a production facility for a small workshop. meters, maximum 500 sq. meters. Of course, the size of the room depends on the needs of the production. The premises should have an office, warehouses for raw materials and finished products, and production itself. A small factory can be located on an area of ​​1000 square meters. meters. When choosing a premises, it makes sense to invite an expert from Rospotrebnadzor.

Many equipment suppliers offer their services for equipment design and installation. In Russian conditions, this project can only be taken as a basis. As mentioned, the design of food production facilities is carried out by the bureau with the appropriate permission for these types of work. If a package of equipment with specific requirements is installed at a future enterprise, the equipment supplier’s project should form the basis of the project, which will subsequently be coordinated with Rospotrebnadzor.
Let's look at examples of workshop configurations proposed in the examples.

Workshop for the production of confectionery products (“Chocolatier»)
Making chocolatiers or sweets according to original recipes is now just becoming fashionable. Several stores have appeared in Moscow, but there are still very few of them, and prices are often very high. With the optimal combination of price and recipe, the product will sell well. Of course, equipment for the production of “Chocolatier” can be supplemented with equipment for the production of mass chocolate products; for the workshop you will need:
- to maintain temperature and humidity, a Mitsubishi Heavy air conditioner of the SRK ZMP-SInverter series is sufficient - 2600 rubles;
- industrial refrigerator - 24,000 rubles;
- induction cooker - 3000 rubles;
- planetary mixer for 4-6 l - 28,000 rubles;
- tempering machine (with a volume of 200 kg per month) - 340,000 rubles;
- pyrometer - 4000 rubles;
- guitar for slicing fillings (from 200 kg/month) - 50,000 rubles;
- hairpin for 10 cells - 10,000 rubles;
- production tables - 3 pcs., 30,000 rubles;
- stainless steel trays - 10,000 rubles;
- inventory - 50,000 rubles.
Total: with a production volume of 100 kg/month of chocolate - 189,000 rubles, with 200,000 kg/month - 631,000 rubles

The equipment is designed for the work of 1-2 confectioners, who can perform work on the production of chocolatiers at the rate of 100-200 kg of chocolate; a room of up to 100 m2 will be required. The workshop needs a washing area.

The shelf life of sweets depends on the fillings. To increase the period, you can use ready-made fillings, but the quality of the candies will be worse. On average, the shelf life of truffles is from 1 week to 6 months. Consultations on running a business are provided on the website Shocolatier.ru. The company supplies equipment, chocolate from Callebaut (Belgium) and Cacao Barry (France), as well as the entire necessary range of fillings and packaging.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
The choice of equipment for the production of yogurt is determined by the technological process, which involves:
1. Reception of raw milk and its purification using a special filter.
2. The prepared milk is separated and normalized, the process allows you to leave the required amount of fat;
3. The mixture is made according to the recipe and dispersed until smooth;
4. Pasteurization is carried out at 95-98°C, the mixture is cooled and sourdough is added. The ripening process lasts 2-7 hours. Fillers are also added.

Required equipment:
- unit for pasteurization and cooling of dairy product;
- milk mixing unit;
- packaging line.
Total: the equipment will cost 2800000-4400000 rubles.

You will definitely need several refrigerators - 28,000*3=84,000 rubles. The workshop can serve 4-5 people, the production volume based on raw materials is 2-4 tons of milk, the product yield is 1.9-3.8 liters of yogurt. Starting investment is 4,600,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of bakery products - mini-bakery
To bake bread you will need (minimum configuration, “homemade” format):
- dough mixer (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- convection oven (Unox XF 023) - 28,000 rubles;
- freezer (DELFA DCFM-300) - 14,500 rubles;
- in the absence of electricity, generator FORTE FGD6500E - 36000.
Total: 50,000 rubles.

For a mini-perkarny, you can rent a small space in a supermarket or convert the apartment into a retail space. It is recommended to rent or buy the premises residential area. Minimum size workshop premises - 50 sq. meters, you additionally need to take into account office, retail premises, as well as a warehouse for flour and finished products. Production volume is 200 kg of bread per day.

It should be noted that small bakeries are considered to be workshops with a productivity of 60-250 kg of products per hour or 0.2-3 tons per day. For comparison, the bakery produces 40-50 tons of bread per day.

Mini-bakery with higher productivity:
- flour sifter (PV-250) - 24,000 rubles;
- dough mixing machine (PRISMAFOOD IBM 5) - 40,000 rubles;
- dough divider (A2-ХТН) - 60,000 rubles;
- Rounder (Vitella SE M 37) - 160,000 rubles;
- dough forming machine (JAC UNIC) - 42,000 rubles;
- proofing cabinet - 32,000 rubles;
- bread maker - 20,000-108,000 rubles;
- trays, baking sheets, forms;
- scales;
- production tables 3 pcs. - 30,000 rubles.
Total: 496,000 rubles.

The baking area should be about 40 square meters. meters, you will need a warehouse for flour - 20 sq. meters.
Some companies sell equipment kits for mini-bakeries. For example, equipping a bakery from the ProdTekhnika company with a capacity of up to 50 kg per hour will cost 206,939 rubles.
Some companies, for example, the Le Pysh trademark, offer turnkey construction of a mini-bakery; the package of documents includes technology, recipes, equipment, and premises design. Equipment is leased (this is a special form of loan when the equipment becomes the property upon full payment of its cost to the supplier).

Workshop for the production of canned berry products
When purchasing workshop equipment, you can focus on technological lines created by manufacturing enterprises for small businesses. An example of this is the equipment of the Yagoda canning mini-workshop of the Prombiofit company.
Production of jam from berries ground with sugar, hot poured into plastic cups, Euro-twist glass jars, plastic buckets, production volume up to 1250 kg/shift.
The total cost of turnkey equipment: 1184400 - 1352900 rubles.
The company also offers technological lines:
- for packaging dairy products “Milk” - 259,400 rubles;
- for packaging vegetable oil “Butter” - 254,900 rubles;
- for the production of bottled water “Aqua” - 219,000-314,900 rubles;
- for packaging “Medofit+” honey - 200,000-264,000 rubles.

Opening a small food production facility certainly involves hiring staff. On average, mini-workshops employ from 2 to 10 people. Equipment productivity can be increased if the workshop operates in 2 shifts, in which case additional workers will be required. Let's continue to consider the proposed examples.

Workshop for the production of confectionery products (“Chocolatier"), employees:

- for volumes up to 200 kg of chocolate/month - 1-2 confectioners - 2 * 35,000 rubles;
- for volumes up to 350 kg of chocolate/month - 2-4 confectioners - 4 * 35,000 rubles;
- HoReCa driver/seller - 25,000 rubles +%;
- for volumes up to 350 kg/month sales assistant - 15,000 rubles +%;

- online store administrator - 20,000 rubles +%;
- online store courier - 12,000 rubles+%;
- if you have a retail outlet and a coffee shop, you will need 2 sellers and 2 waiters - 2*20000+2*13000 rubles, the amount is below average, since it does not mean a full working week.

Thus, when opening a workshop for the production of “Chocolatier”, the working infrastructure depends on the volume of products produced and methods of sales. IN in this case The figures are given for a workshop selling products in the HoReCa segment, through delivery through an online store and through its own retail outlet and cafe. Details on how to open a cafe-restaurant can be found here.

As a result, the monthly costs of the confectionery shop for personnel will be:
- the volume of chocolate processing is up to 100 kg/month, the equivalent of 250 kg of sweets with sales in HoReCa and through the online store - 228,000 rubles;
- with a volume of up to 350 kg per month, up to 875 kg of sweets with sales in HoReCa and through an online store and in your own cafe - 370,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products, employees
The fermented milk products workshop will require the following personnel:
- director - 70,000 rubles+%;
- 4-5 employees - 5*35,000 rubles;

- watchman/cleaner - 2*11,000 rubles;
- if there is a “Dairy Kitchen” outlet at the workshop, 2 sellers will be required - 2 * 20,000 rubles.

The average personnel costs for an enterprise producing yoghurts and dairy products with its own outlet “Dairy Kitchen” will be 321,000 rubles/month.
Workshop for the production of bakery products - mini-bakery, employees
The mini-bakery will require the following personnel:
- director - 70,000 rubles+%;
- 2-3 bakers - 3*22,000 rubles;
- driver/seller in “Discounter” type stores - 25,000 rubles +%;

As a result, monthly wage costs in a mini-bakery will amount to 192,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of canned berry products, employees
The following personnel will be required for a jam canning shop:
- director - 70,000 rubles+%;
- 2-3 employees - 3*22,000 rubles;
- driver/seller in “Discounter” type stores - 25,000 rubles +%;
- watchman/cleaner - 11,000 rubles;
- if there is a retail outlet at the workshop, 1 seller will be required - 20,000 rubles.

As a result, monthly wage costs in the canning shop will also amount to 192,000 rubles.

Please note that these figures do not include the cost of payroll taxes, which are borne by the business. Final settlements must be carried out by an accountant. Food production is under strict control by government agencies, so the use of “gray” accounting methods is impractical. The work of the technologist should be assigned to the director or head of the food production department.

Food production processes.

The principle of any production is based on a number of well-known physical processes that are used in the technology of processing raw materials into food products.

Among the food production processes it is customary to distinguish:
- kinematics of hydravitational deposition;
- processes of mixing liquid media;
- hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed;
- extraction processes;
- distillation processes;
- processes of thermal processing of food products.

The theoretical basis of food production is based on a specific processing technology, which must be purchased or developed in accordance with existing requirements. Based on the existing technological process, a technological line for processing feedstock is formed. Optimization of production can concern both increasing the nutritional value of the product - meaning maximum preservation of nutrients and the use of natural ingredients and additives that increase value - and increasing the efficiency of the production process.

As a result, food production must be based on technological process and regulatory documentation. Previously, GOST and industry standards were used; at the moment, enterprises can develop technical specifications. Specifications imply some modification of the production process described in GOST, OST, GOST R. As part of the specifications, technical instructions must be developed.

Sales of products must take place on the sales floor or must be carried out through delivery; sales processes must also be reflected in the technical specifications and technical specifications. These documents must be agreed upon with Rospotrebnadzor and the Center for Standardization and Metrology (CSM). It should be noted that Rospotrebnadzor has a procedure for approving specifications, which implies non-disclosure of information about the product recipe.

After approval, the technological process at the enterprise must be reflected in the following documents:
- in the product catalog sheet approved by the Center for Migration;
- portfolio of specifications agreed with Rospotrebnadzor and CSM;
- sanitary and epidemiological conclusion issued by a subordinate body of Rospotrebnadzor.
You can also request, if desired, expert opinions from the Center for Medical Supervision and Rospotrebnadzor.

The use of modern chemistry and microbiology in food production in some cases makes it possible to increase profits significantly. In turn, consumers who are familiar with such “frauds” prefer organic products that are prepared using traditional technologies and using natural ingredients. Why is this happening? To answer this question, it is enough to familiarize yourself with some examples that have become possible thanks to modern chemistry and its use in food production.

The high costs of Russian production motivate some manufacturers to excessively use chemicals. For example, boiled pork, smoked meat can be processed using a water-soy substance, as a result of which the finished product increases its weight by 2-3 times.
A classic example is smokeless smoking, which was proposed in 1814 by V.N. Karamzin; as a result, the smoking time of fish or meat is reduced from 6-7 hours to 4-6 minutes. Surrogate smoking is achieved by ionizing the product in a strong electric field. Obviously, the nutritional value of the product is minimal, and its natural origin is questionable.

The food industry also widely uses animal blood proteins, which are processed in meat processing plants to reduce the cost of the production process. The blood contains three categories of proteins - albumin, fibrinogen, globulins, which are extracted and used as an ingredient in food products. In the food industry and agricultural sector, canned whole blood is actively used, as well as individual parts: hemoglobin, plasma, plasma without fibrin and fibrin.
Dried plasma proteins are used in food production instead of expensive egg whites, for example, in confectionery shops, sausage shops and bakeries. Whole blood replaces beef and is added to the product, saving 150,000-180,000 rubles per ton.

Most meat production uses a so-called fortifier, which is made from 1 part blood and 3 parts skim milk (waste), it is added to boiled sausages and pates to give Pink colour product.
Microbiological methods for extracting protein products are being actively introduced, which is especially important in conditions of declining natural biological protein. Converting just 2% of annual oil production into protein using microbiological methods could produce 25 million tons of protein product, enough to feed 2 billion people for a year.

There are also quite rational microbiological technologies that make it possible to increase the nutritional value of products. A striking example is hematogen, which is obtained from defibrinated and stabilized blood mixed with food glycerin. Hematogen is a valuable additive to food products, since its use increases the production of red blood cells, which is especially indicated for weakened people. They also produce a confectionery product - children's hematogen.

The use of modern food ingredients in food production is the choice of the manufacturer. Still, small industries can produce organic products High Quality with a fairly high profit margin and use only proven natural ingredients. Despite the higher cost, the products will be consumable, since they are designed for a narrow circle of buyers and are produced in small volumes.

Production of food ingredients
Within the framework of food production as a business, it is necessary to consider the production of food ingredients that are used in the manufacture of final products. The main advantage of this line of production is wholesale and virtually guaranteed sales. Also, food ingredients have a longer shelf life, which has definite advantages when planning a business.

Food technology involves processing fresh foods into dry, extracted mixtures. The mixtures can be used as additives or reconstituted for the subsequent production of the final food product. A wide variety of ingredients are offered and the list of offerings is not only constantly updated, but also always in demand.

An example is the processing of fresh fruits into dry mixtures. For example, pear, peach, cranberry in the form of powder, pieces, and small fractions are used to make dietary supplements and tea, baby food, confectionery, and berry fillings. It makes sense to locate a workshop for the production of food ingredients based on low-temperature and vacuum drying in places where there is a large amount of non-processed fruit. It should be noted that such processing involves unsorted raw materials, and accordingly, its cost is low.

Baking soda and table salt are also in-demand food ingredients with an unlimited shelf life and guaranteed sales. Production is created in places where fossil natural resources are concentrated.

For example, the Crimea Soda enterprise produces heavy and light soda ash from the following raw materials:
- high-quality limestones of Crimea;
- brines of Lake Sivash;
- coal - from Donbass anthracite;
- ammonia water - waste from chemical plants.

Table salt can be made from salt water, for example, the Sea of ​​Azov, or rock salt deposits. It is processed into “Extra” grade salt; enriched salt (iodized) is also produced.

Packaging products in food production according to well-developed options available on the market makes it possible to produce products not only packaged in accordance with sanitary standards and rules, but also to create a bright image.

Packaging must comply with current sanitary and hygienic standards. Here are the basic requirements for packaging material SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01:
- the absence of highly toxic substances with cumulative and specific effects on the human body that exceed current standards;
- should not change the organoleptic properties of the product, that is, be neutral;
- the material used in the packaging must be included in the list of approved packaging materials and ensure high-quality storage throughout the entire shelf life.

Packaging is divided into technological and packaging. We are talking about both the packaging of products in final containers and technological packaging that allows the goods to be transported and delivered undamaged. There are a number ready-made solutions, which are offered at popular prices. The packaging market is constantly expanding.

Necessary permits and requirements for food production.

Basic regulations regarding the production process in food enterprise, are contained in GOST R 50762-95 and in “GOST 30389-95 Public catering. Classification of enterprises".

For commissioning into production you will need:
- coordinate the construction project with Rospotrebnadzor and supervised services that monitor compliance of food production characteristics with current standards;
- agree on the portfolio of specifications and approve the list of manufactured products;
- obtain a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from Rospotrebnadzor, form N 303-00-5/u, for the entire list of products manufactured in accordance with GOST, OST, GOST R and TU;
- together with Rospotrebnadzor, a plan of measures for production control of the workshop is being developed;
- certification and declaration of products as necessary.
Strict sanitary and epidemiological requirements concern the organization of work in the workshop and the rules of personal hygiene of workers. All employees must receive a sanitary-technical minimum; large enterprises must have a sanitary checkpoint.
The main requirements for an employee include:
- short-cut nails, hair tucked under a headscarf or cap, observing personal hygiene standards;
- workers must work in special clothing;
- during the manufacture of products, you must not touch with bare hands and work without gloves;
- workers must undergo a medical examination.

Priority areas of food production.

The state constantly creates incentives for the development of the food industry in order to ensure the country's food security. Currently, the food production segment is actively expanding through mini-productions and attracting small and medium-sized businesses to the economic sector. For these purposes, preferential tax conditions are created.

The priority types of production activities according to the vision of the Government of the Russian Federation include:
- production of dairy products and fermented milk products of the “premium” category, including fortified products;
- production of baby food;
- meat production;
- production of bread and bakery products;
- production of semi-finished products;
- production of confectionery products.

Considering the interest of the state, when developing a business in the proposed areas, you can count on receiving benefits, subsidies, preferential loans and other privileges.

Marketing.
Marketing activities for small food production boil down to developing several sales areas. We are talking about the HoReCa restaurant segment, deliveries to hypermarket chains, supermarkets, discounters, sales through our own retail outlets.
As a rule, small-scale production is designed for regional sales and consumption, therefore great importance has individual work with potential consumers and design material for advertising products at retail locations, the so-called POS materials.

Advertising.
Advertising of food production is carried out extremely rarely and only within the framework of a trademark and brand. To advertise products in partner outlets, you will need various POS: posters, posters, price tags, flyers, wobblers, etc. These types of printing work are used for effective local advertising.

If you have your own retail outlet, you need to make it stand out from other stores. This can be done using signs and city lights. To promote goods in the HoReCa segment, make booklets and brochures with information about your production, and a product map from which you can order and select the desired products.

Total advertising costs
Printing products, production volume for the year:
- price tags, wobblers, shelf stockers, calendars and business cards (at the rate of 1 sheet of A2 format, circulation 1000 pcs., Arctic grade cardboard, 200 g/m2) - 32,000 rubles;
- A4 booklets 1000 pcs. - 8000 rubles;
- production prospectuses 8 pages A4 with cover - 16,000 rubles;
- posters 1000 pcs. A2 format - 20,000 rubles.
Total: 76,000 rubles.
Approximate figures are given, since prices in design studios and printing houses differ significantly.

Searching for clients and concluding agreements for the supply of products
A portfolio of wholesale buyers is a guarantee financial stability enterprises. Wholesale supplies must be structured in such a way as to ensure the workshop reaches the break-even point. Wholesale sales of products by a mini-workshop can reach 30-70% of production volume. Typically, contracts are concluded by sales representatives, who, in addition to wages at the rate, receive a percentage of sales from the existing trade margin. This form of organizing the work of distributors motivates employees to work better.

Financial plan.
As part of this review, we examined a number of examples of the opening of small food production facilities by small enterprises. Now let's try to evaluate the benefits, including in relation to each other.

Investments.
Production workshop "Chocolatier»
Premises costs:
The costs of opening a workshop for the production of handmade sweets will cost the following amount:
- production volume up to 100 kg/chocolate - 189,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 200 kg/chocolate - 631,000 rubles;
- production volume up to 350 kg/chocolate - 836,000 rubles.
Staff costs will be:
- production volume up to 100 kg/chocolate - 228,000 rubles/month;
- production volume up to 200 kg/chocolate - 228,000 rubles/month;
- production volume up to 350 kg/chocolate - 370,000 rubles/month.
Costs for advertising products: 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening a retail outlet and re-equipping the premises to open a workshop is 2-3 million rubles.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Equipment costs: 2800000-4400000 rubles.
Personnel costs for the presence of the Milk Kitchen store are 321,000 rubles/month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced; usually consumers remember products well) - 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening a “Dairy Kitchen” and refurbishing the premises to open a fermented milk products workshop is 500,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery:
Equipment costs:
- mini-bakery “Home”, volume up to 200 kg/day - 50,000 rubles;
- mini-bakery “Prodtech”, up to 50 kg/hour - 206,939 rubles;
- mini-bakery, up to 3 tons/day - 496,000 rubles;
Personnel costs for the presence of a “Bulochnaya” store are 192,000 rubles/month.
Advertising costs (can be reduced or eliminated due to sales through your own retail outlet) - 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening a “Bakery” and refurbishing the premises to open a mini-bakery is 500,000 rubles.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jams:
Equipment costs:
- technological line “Yagoda” of the Prombiofit company - 1,352,900 rubles;
Personnel costs: 192,000 rubles/month.
Advertising costs: 76,000 rubles/year.
The cost of opening and re-equipping the premises to open a canning shop with its own store is 500,000 rubles.

Please note that the investment plan should include employee salaries for 2-6 months. For retail outlets and workshops, two categories of premises were considered - in the city center and in residential areas, which implies different opening costs.

Payback.
The final calculations are carried out taking into account all the features of the opened mini-workshop. Primary investments include the cost of purchasing raw materials for production, recipes, a formalized portfolio of technical specifications, employee training, tax costs, rent of premises and utilities, as well as employee salaries for 3 months. Based on the analyzed examples, it is possible to evaluate the payback.

Production workshop "Chocolatier»
When purchasing equipment from the Chocolatier club and producing according to the recipes provided. The cost of production is 600-1000 rubles per 1 kg, the average price of handmade sweets is 2000-2500 rubles.

Total costs (estimated), including employee wages for 3 months and opening a retail outlet “in the center” - 3,949,000 rubles.

We accept a realization equal to 70% of the maximum capacity of 0.7 * 250 kg of sweets = 175 kg/month. Average revenue will be 350,000 rubles. In this case, the profit will be about 175,000 rubles. The estimated payback period is 22 months. On average, the Chocolatier Club estimates the payback period for a confectionery shop to be 1-2 years.

Workshop for the production of fermented milk products
Starting investments: 4,600,000 rubles (equipment and premises) + 321,000 rubles*3 (personnel). Total 4,921,000 rubles.

Production volume is 3.8 tons of yogurt/day and 91 tons/month. Sales cost 200 rubles/kg. Revenue will be 18,200,000 rubles. We take the average revenue at 70% workload of the workshop - 12,740,000 rubles.
The cost of yogurt is about 31 rubles per 1 kg, the cost of sales is on average 300 rubles per kg (Greek yogurt is used as a basis).

To make a competitive price for consumers with high profits, we reduce the selling price by 30%. We receive revenue of 891,000 rubles/month, with a sales cost of 210 rubles, the cost of production will be about 130,000 rubles. Thus, the estimated income will be (-321,000 wages) - 440,000 rubles/month.
The payback period for the workshop is 11 months.

Workshop for the production of bakery products, mini-bakery
To evaluate, let’s take the Prodtech mini-bakery, investments:
206,939 rubles (cost of equipment) + 3 * 192,000 rubles (staff) + 75,000 (advertising) + 500,000 (premises refurbishment) = 1,357,000 rubles.

The cost of 1 loaf of 1 kg is about 10 rubles. With a monthly production volume of 12 tons of bread, the revenue will be (average selling price of 1 kg - 30 rubles) - 360,000 rubles. The income will be 240,000 rubles, after payment of wages - 48,000 rubles. Payback 28 months.

The low profitability of the bakery is obvious due to the high cost of flour; in this case, it is necessary to optimize the work process and reduce staff costs by increasing productivity. An increase in the cost of bread is also acceptable.

Workshop for the production of canned products, jams
Total costs for opening production, including wages for 3 months: 2,504,000 rubles. Production volume is 1250 kg/shift, respectively, 30000 kg with a six-day shift working week. Obviously, this production is seasonal, therefore, for the annual volume without conditions for long-term procurement, work of 6-8 months should be taken. A full working year can be provided by the presence of greenhouses or the purchase of fruits supplied from abroad. In this case, income will be estimated approximately, since in different time The cost of jam will vary depending on the year.

Production volume for 8 months: 240 tons of jam. Selling price 87 rubles/kg. Annual revenue will be 20,880,000 rubles. The cost of production in the canning industry is constantly changing, so we will provisionally accept the figure of 43.5 rubles/kg. Revenue will be 10,440,000 rubles. Salaries for 8 months 1,530,000 rubles. Conditional income is 8,910,000 rubles.
The payback period for the workshop is about 3 months, on average - 1 summer season.