Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga, Spain, in the family of the artist José Ruiz Blasco. The future artist began to demonstrate his talent early. Already at the age of 7, the boy was adding some details to his father’s paintings (the first such work was the feet of pigeons). At the age of 8, the first serious oil painting called “Picador” was painted.
"Picador" 1889
At the age of 13, Pablo Picasso became a student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona - Pablo performed so well in the entrance exams that the commission accepted him into the academy despite his young age.
In 1897, Picasso went to Madrid to enter the Royal Academy fine arts San Fernando. But Pablo did not study there more than a year— the academy with its classical traditions was too boring and cramped for the young talent. In Madrid, the young man was more fascinated by the bustling life of the metropolis. Pablo also devoted a lot of time to studying the works of such artists as Diego Vilasquez, Francisco Goya and El Greco, who made a great impression on the artist.
In those years, the artist first visited Paris, then considered the capital of the arts. He lived in this city for months, visiting various museums in order to study the works of masters of painting: Van Gogh, Gauguin, Delacroix and many others. Picasso would often visit Paris in the future, and later this city would captivate him so much that Picasso would decide to finally move there (1904).
The most famous works of Pablo Picasso, written by him in the early period (before 1900)
"Portrait of a Mother" 1896
"Knowledge and Charity" 1897
"First Communion" 1896
"Self-Portrait" 1896
"Matador Luis Miguel Domingen" 1897
"Spanish couple in front of the hotel" 1900
"Barefoot girl. Fragment" 1895
"Man on the shore of a pond" 1897
"Man in a Hat" 1895
"Boulevard Clichy" 1901
"Portrait of the Artist's Father" 1895
The next period in Pablo Picasso’s work is called “blue”. In 1901 - 1904 Picasso's palette was dominated by cool colors - mainly blue and its shades. At this time, Picasso raised the themes of old age, poverty, misery; the characteristic mood of the paintings of this period was melancholy and sadness. The artist depicted human suffering by painting blind people, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes, etc. — they were the main characters of the “blue” period.
Works of the "blue" period (1901-1904)
"The Blind Man's Breakfast" 1903
"Mother and Child" 1903
"The Absinthe Drinker" 1901
"The Ironer" 1904
“Beggar Old Man with a Boy” 1903
"Life" 1903
“Two Sisters (Date)” 1902
"Blue Room (Bath)" 1901
"Gourmet" 1901
"Seated Woman in a Hood" 1902
In the “pink” period (1904 - 1906) main theme The artist's work included the circus and its characters - acrobats and comedians. Bright, cheerful colors predominated. A favorite character of this period can be called the harlequin, who was most often found in the works of Picasso. In addition to the circus, he was also inspired by the model Fernanda Olivier, whom he met in 1904, at the very beginning of the “pink” period. She was the artist’s muse throughout the entire period.
Works of the “pink” period (1904 - 1906)
"Akrabat and Harlequin" 1905
"Girl with a Goat" 1906
"Boy Leading a Horse" 1906
"Family of Comedians" 1905
"Peasants" 1906
"Nude woman with a jug" 1906
"Combing" 1906
"Woman with Bread" 1905
“Two acrabats with a dog” 1905
"Toilet" 1906
One of famous paintings P. Picasso “Girl on a Ball” (1905), which is now in the State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin, some experts call it a transition from the “blue” period to the “pink” period.
“Girl on a Ball” 1905
The turning point in Picasso's work was the portrait of Gertrude Stein, painted by him in 1906.
The work on the portrait was difficult - the artist rewrote the portrait about 80 times and as a result, Picasso moved away from the portrait as a genre of fine art in its classical sense. All further creativity Picasso can be characterized by just one of his phrases: “We must paint not what I see, but what I know.” It was this attitude that P. Picasso tried to adhere to until the end of his life.
Cubism
This long period in the work of Pablo Picasso is divided into several stages. This is a time of complete refusal to detail the characters: the subject and the background almost merge into one, there are no clearly defined boundaries. Picasso was convinced that an artist can do more than just show what the eye sees.
The first stage is the “Cézanne” period, also known as the “African” period. This stage is distinguished by the construction of images using simple-geometric shapes and a predominance of muddy blurry green, ocher and brown tones.
In 1907-1909, the artist’s attention was directed to African art, which he first became acquainted with in 1907 at an ethnographic exhibition at the Trocadéro Museum. From now on, simple, even primitive forms of depicted objects began to predominate in Picasso’s work. In technique, the artist began to use rough shading. The first painting made in the “African” style is considered to be “Les Demoiselles d’Avignon” from 1907.
This picture was painted by the author over the course of a year. Picasso never worked on any of his paintings for so long. As a result, this work was so different from his previous paintings that it was received ambiguously by the public. But having found a new style that was interesting to him, Picasso was not going to retreat and over the course of 2 years the artist developed it in every possible way.
Works of “Cézanne” cubism (“African” period) (1907 - 1909)
"Farmer's Lady" 1908
"Head of a Man" 1907
"Bather" 1909
“Still life with bowl and jug” 1908
“Nude with Drapery (Dance with Veils)” 1907
“Portrait of Manuel Palhares” 1909
“Three figures under a tree” 1907
"Glasses and Fruit" 1908
“Bust of a Man (Sportsman)” 1909
"Woman" 1907
During his analytical period, Picasso came to the realization that he needed to focus entirely on the volume and shape of objects, pushing color into the background. Thus distinctive feature analytical cubism became monochrome. It is also worth noting the structure of the works of this period - the artist seems to be crushing objects into small fragments. Between different things the edge disappears and everything is perceived as a single whole.
Works of "analytical" cubism (1909-1912)
"Man with a Guitar" 1911
"Man with a Violin" 1912
"Accordionist" 1911
“Still Life with a Bottle of Liqueur” 1909
"The Poet" 1911
"Portrait of Fernanda" 1909
“Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde” 1910
"Seated Nude" 1910
"Woman in Green" 1909
"Woman in a Chair" 1909
The beginning of the synthetic period was the painting “Memories of Le Havre”, painted by Pablo Picasso in 1912. More bright colors, not inherent in analytical cubism.
Monochrome works again gave way to color. Mostly, the paintings of this period were dominated by still lifes: bottles of wine, sheet music, cutlery and musical instruments. To dilute the abstraction in the work on the paintings, real objects were used, such as ropes, sand, wallpaper, etc.
Works of "synthetic" cubism (1912-1917)
"Man by the Fireplace" 1916
"Man in a Top Hat" 1914
"Glass and playing cards» 1912
"Guitar" 1912
“Still life with fruit on the table” 1914-1915
"Pedestal" 1914
“Table in a Cafe (Bottle of Pernod)” 1912
“Tavern (Ham)” 1914
"Green Still Life" 1914
“Man with a pipe sitting in a chair” 1916
Despite the fact that Cubism was actively criticized by many, the works of this period sold well and Pablo Picasso finally stopped begging and moved into a spacious workshop.
The next period in the artist’s work was neoclassicism, which began with Picasso’s marriage to the Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova in 1918. This was preceded by Pablo’s work on the scenery and costume designs for the ballet “Parade” in 1917. It was while performing this work that the artist met Olga Khokhlova.
Curtain for the ballet "Parade" 1917
Program for the ballet Parade with a drawing by Picasso. 1917
Chinese magician, dressed as Picasso, modern interpretation, 2003
Character of the French "steward" (barker)
This period is very far from Cubism: real faces, light colors, correct forms... Such changes in his work were inspired by his Russian wife, who brought a lot of new things into Pablo’s life. Even the artist’s lifestyle has changed - attending social events, costume ballets, etc. In a word, Picasso began to move in a secular environment, which had previously been alien to him. Picasso was criticized by many for such a sharp transition from cubism to classicism. The artist responded to all the complaints in one of his interviews: “Whenever I want to say something, I say it in the manner in which I feel it should be said.”
Works of the neoclassical period (1918 - 1925)
"Reading a Letter" 1921
"Bathers" 1918
"Lovers" 1923
"Mother and Child" 1921
“Olga Khokhlova in a mantilla” 1917
"Olga Picasso" 1923
"First Communion" 1919
"Pierrot" 1918
“Portrait of Olga in an Armchair” 1917
"Portrait of Paul" the artist's son 1923
"Sleeping Peasants" 1919
"Three Bathers" 1920
“Woman with a child on the seashore” 1921
"Woman in a Mantilla" 1917
"Women running along the shore" 1922
In 1925, the artist painted the painting “Dance,” which fully reflects the problems in the artist’s personal life at that time.
In the winter of 1927, Picasso meets his new muse- seventeen-year-old Maria Theresa Walter, who became the character of many paintings of the surrealism period. In 1935, the couple had a daughter, Maya, but in 1936, Picasso left Maria Teresa and Olga Khokhlova, with whom he never formalized official divorce until Olga's death in 1955.
Works from the period of surrealism (1925 - 1936)
"Akrabat" 1930
"Girl Throwing a Stone" 1931
"Figures on the Beach" 1931
"Still Life" 1932
“Nude and Still Life” 1931
"Nude on the Beach" 1929
"Nude on the Beach" 1929
"Woman with a Flower" 1932
“Dream (portrait of the artist’s mistress Maria Teresa Walter)” 1932
"Nude in an Armchair" 1932
"Nude in an Armchair" 1929
"The Kiss" 1931
In the 30s and 40s, the bull, the Minotaur, became the hero of many of Picasso’s paintings. The Minotaur in the artist’s work is the personification of destructive power, war and death.
"Minotauria" 1935
"Palette and Bull's Head" 1938
"Ram's Head" 1939
“Still Life with a Bull Skull” 1942
“Bull skull, fruit, jug” 1939
"Three Ram's Heads" 1939
Spring 1937 Small town In Spain, Guernica was literally wiped off the face of the earth by the German fascists. Picasso could not ignore this event and thus the painting “Guernica” was born. This picture can be called the apotheosis of the Minotaur theme. The dimensions of the painting are impressive: length - 8 m, width - 3.5 m. There is one known case associated with the painting. During a search by the Gestapo, a Nazi officer noticed the painting and asked Picasso: “Did you do this?” to which the artist replied “No. You did it!
"Guernica" 1937
In parallel with the paintings about Minotaurs, Pablo Picasso creates a series about monsters. This series expresses the artist's position during the Spanish Civil War, in which he supported the Republicans and opposed the policies of the dictator Franco.
"The Dreams and Lies of General Franco" (1937)
"The Dreams and Lies of General Franco" (1937)
All Second world war Pablo Picasso lived in France, where the artist became a member of the French Communist Party in 1944.
Wartime works (1937-1945)
"Pheasant" 1938
“Head of a Woman in a Hat” 1939
"Maria Teresa in a Wreath" 1937
"Artist's Workshop" 1943
"Maya with a Doll" 1938
"Begging" 1937
"Still Life" 1945
"Crying woman with a scarf" 1937
"Birds in a Cage" 1937
“Wounded Bird and Cat” 1938
"Crypt" 1945
"The Woman in the Red Chair" 1939
In 1946, the artist worked on paintings and panels for the Grimaldi family castle in Antibes ( resort town France). In the first hall of the castle, a panel called “Joy of Life” was installed. The main characters of this pano were fairy creatures, fauns, centaurs and naked girls.
"The Joy of Being" 1946
In the same year, Pablo met the young artist Françoise Gilot, with whom they settled in Grimaldi Castle. Later, Picasso and Françoise had two children - Paloma and Claude. At this time, the artist often painted his children and Françoise, but the idyll did not last long: in 1953, Françoise took the children and left Pablo Picasso. Françoise could no longer tolerate the artist’s constant betrayals and his difficult character. The artist experienced this separation very hard, which could not but affect his creativity. Proof of this are the ink drawings of an ugly old dwarf with a beautiful young girl.
One of the most famous symbols, the Dove of Peace, was created in 1949. He first appeared at the World Peace Congress in Paris.
In 1951, Picasso painted “Massacres in Korea,” which tells the story of the atrocities of that “forgotten” war.
"Massacre in Korea" 1951
In 1947, the artist moved to the south of France, to the city of Vallauris. It was in this city that he became interested in ceramics. Picasso was inspired to take on this hobby by the annual exhibition of ceramics in Vallauris, which he visited back in 1946. The artist showed particular interest in products from the Madura workshop, where he later worked. Working with clay allowed the recognized painter and graphic artist to forget the horrors of war and plunge into another joyful and serene world. The subjects for ceramics are the simplest and most uncomplicated - women, birds, faces, fairy tale characters... The book “Picasso Ceramics” by I. Karetnikov, published in 1967, is even dedicated to Picasso’s ceramics.
Picasso in Madura's workshop
Pablo Ruiz Picasso is one of the most significant figures to have a profound influence on 20th century art. During its long creative career, which lasted more than 75 years, he created thousands of creations, including not only paintings, but also engravings, scenography, ceramics, mosaics and numerous sculptures made using a variety of materials. He was one of the most revolutionary artists in the history of Western painting. Picasso created and developed in his element with incredible vitality, at an accelerated pace characteristic of a rapid age. Each direction of his activity was the embodiment of a radically new idea. One gets the feeling that in one fate of the creator, several artistic lives. Spanish artist was a central figure in the development of cubism, laying the foundations for the concept of abstract art.
Childhood
Pablo appeared on October 25, 1881 in the Andalusian region of southern Spain. After birth, the midwife decided that the baby was dead, since the birth was long and difficult. His uncle, a doctor named Salvador, literally saved the newborn by blowing smoke from a cigar towards the baby, who immediately reacted to the smell with a desperate roar. Full name, received at baptism, contains 23 words. He was named after various saints and relatives.
His father, José Ruiz Blasco, came from an ancient, wealthy family in northwestern Spain. He was an artist, taught at the school of fine arts founded by the Academy of Fine Arts and located in the building of San Telmo, an old Jesuit monastery, and served as curator at the municipal museum. The School of Art in Malaga has been operating since 1851. The artist owes his surname to his mother Maria Picasso Lopez. He actively used it starting in 1901.
According to legend, one of the first words spoken was "piz", short for "lápiz", meaning "pencil". Pablo loved to draw since childhood. Father was in complete control art education son. He gave him lessons himself and sent him at the age of five to the school where he worked. Being the son of an academic painter and inspired by his works, Pablo began to create with early age. As a child, his father often took him to bullfights, and one of his early paintings contained a bullfight scene.
In 1891, his father received a teaching position at the institute in La Coruña, and in 1892 Pablo entered the same educational institution as a student. For three years he received classical art education. Under his father's academic guidance, he developed his artistic talent with extraordinary speed.
years of education
In January 1895, when Picasso was a teenager, his younger sister Conchita died of diphtheria. This tragic event affected the family's plans. By this same period, Juan was hired as a teacher at the art academy in La Longe, and the family moved. His father promoted Pablo's independence by renting him a studio in Barcelona.
A year later he was accepted as a student at the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. He demonstrated his remarkable ability by completing a month-long entrance exam in one day, despite being younger than the official training requirement. With financial help from his relatives, Pablo went to study in Madrid at the end of 1897. However, Pablo was bored with classical techniques art school. He did not want to paint like the artists of the past, but wanted to create something new. Returning to Barcelona in 1900, he often visited the famous cafe, focused on meetings of the intelligentsia and artists, “The Four Cats”. His visit to Horta de Ebro between 1898 and 1899 and his association with the café group in 1899 were decisive for the early artistic development. It was in Barcelona that he moved away from traditional classical methods, leaning towards an experimental and innovative approach to painting. This literary and artistic environment gathered many adherents of modern French art from France, as well as Catalan traditional and folk art. There is a myth that the father was so impressed by his son's abilities that in 1894 he swore off painting himself, but in fact José continued to paint until his death. Picasso's relationship with his parents became strained when he stopped studying. In a cafe, he became friends with the young Catalan painter Carlos Casajemas, with whom he later moved to France.
In 1900, Picasso's first exhibition took place in Barcelona, and in the fall he went to Paris.
Parisian period
At the turn of the twentieth century, Paris was the center of international art world. For painters, this was the birthplace of the Impressionists, who depicted the world using brushstrokes or strokes of unmixed colors to create the appearance of real reflected light. Although their works retained certain connections with the outside world, there were certain tendencies towards abstractionism. After leaving Spain, Picasso presented his painting “Last Moments” at the World Exhibition in Paris.
However, the trip to the capital of art was overshadowed. The artist's friend became depressed because of an unhappy and painful love affair with a dancer from the Moulin Rouge. They decided to spend their holiday in hometown Picasso, but it was not meant to be. Carlos committed suicide with a shot to the temple. Pablo was so crushed by this loss that it could not help but affect his work. He paints several portraits of a friend in a coffin. Picasso is approaching the “blue period” of his work, during which melancholy and depression shine through canvases replete with blue tones. Over the next four years, his paintings were dominated by Blue colour. He painted people with elongated facial features. Some of his paintings from this period depicted poor people, beggars, sad and gloomy people.
Two outstanding examples of works from Picasso's Blue Period:
- "Old Guitarist"
- "Beggar Old Man with a Boy";
- "Life";
- "Woman with a bun of hair."
In 1902, two exhibitions of the artist were organized. Nevertheless, he lives and works practically penniless in Max Jacob's room. Helped me get out of deep depression over the death of my close friend Carlos Casajemas love story with Fernanda Olivier, who was first his model. He fell in love with a French woman and lived with her until 1912. The paintings began to be filled with warmer colors, including shades of red, beige, and orange. Art historians call this time in Pablo's life the “pink period.” The subjects represented the image more happy scenes, among which there was a circus theme.
Picasso acquired a permanent Paris studio in 1904. His studio soon became a meeting place for the city's artists and writers. Soon the circle of friends included the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Lev and Gertrude Stein, Andre Salmo, two agents: Ambroise Vollard and Bertha Weil.
Since 1905, he became increasingly interested in visual techniques. This interest seems to have been awakened by the late paintings of Paul Cézanne.
Between 1900 and 1906 he tried almost all the major painting styles. At the same time, his own style changed with extraordinary speed. The Steins introduce him to Henri Matisse. The portrait of Gertrude Stein began a series of experiments in portrait abstraction, inspired by Iberian sculpture, the exhibition of which Picasso visited at the Louvre in the spring of 1906.
Picasso and Cubism
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was Picasso's attempt to forget his past relationships. Executed in a new revolutionary manner, under the influence of the art of Cézanne and Negro, the painting became the founder of the emerging painting movement, the parent of which is considered to be Picasso.
Together with the painter and friend Georges Braque, he began his artistic experiments in 1907. Cubism was a new artistic concept for the artist, through which Pablo tried to challenge the generally accepted laws of copying nature. Objects are laid on the canvas by cutting and breaking objects to emphasize the two dimensions of the canvas.
Between 1907 and 1911, Picasso continued to decompose visible world onto smaller edges of monochrome planes. At the same time, his works became more and more abstract. Most striking examples The following paintings clearly illustrate the development of the movement: “Fruit Plate” (1909), “Portrait of Ambroise Vollard” (1910) and “Woman with a Guitar” (1911-12). In 1912, Picasso began combining cubism and collage. It was during this period that he began using sand or plaster in his paint to give it texture. He also used colored paper, newspapers and wallpaper to give the paintings additional expressiveness.
Picasso's Russian wife
Picasso's collaboration with ballet and theatrical productions Picasso started in 1916. The designed and realized sets and costumes for Diaghilev's ballets amazed audiences from 1917 to 1924. Thanks to his work with the Diaghilev Russian Ballet, Pablo meets the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who becomes his wife. They lived together for 18 years, during which their son Paulo was born in 1921. In the 20s of the twentieth century, the artist and his wife Olga continued to live in Paris, often traveling and spending their summers on the beach. Due to Picasso having an affair with a young French woman, which resulted in pregnancy and the birth of an illegitimate child, the family broke up. The wife broke off the relationship and left for the south of France. The divorce did not happen, and Olga remained the artist’s wife until the end of her days due to Pablo’s unwillingness to comply with the terms of the marriage contract.
New achievements
In several stages, Picasso turned away from abstraction and a series of paintings in realistic and serenely beautiful saw the light classic style. One of the most famous works became "The Woman in White". Written just two years after “The Three Musicians,” calm and not attracting too much attention to itself by being shocking, it once again demonstrated the ease with which it could express itself.
After a short turn to classicism, the master became known for his surrealist works, which replaced cubism.
Between 1925 and the 1930s he was to some extent associated with the surrealists, and from the autumn of 1931 he was particularly interested in sculpture. In 1932, in connection with major exhibitions at the Georges Petit galleries in Paris and the Haus des Arts in Zurich, Picasso's fame increased markedly. By 1936 the Spanish Civil War had a profound influence on Picasso, which culminated in the creation of his most famous paintings. "Guernica" is an allegorical condemnation of fascism, a powerful image depicting the realities of both war and its consequences.
This work was commissioned by the government for the Spanish pavilion before the Paris World Fair. It depicts the catastrophic destruction of the city during the civil uprising. The work was completed within six or seven weeks. Made entirely in black, white and gray color, 25 feet wide and 11 feet high, the painting serves as a distillation of the people's pain and suffering from cruelty. Picasso applied the pictorial language of Cubism to a situation that arose from social and political consciousness.
Picasso's political views
Picasso publicly declared in 1947 that he was a communist. When asked about his motives, he stated: “When I was a boy in Spain, I was very poor and was aware of how poor people lived. I learned that communists are pro-poor. That's why I became a communist." After the death of Joseph Stalin, the French communists turned to the artist with a request to paint a party figure. His portrait caused a stir in the leadership of the Communist Party. The Soviet government rejected his portrait.
Although Picasso was in exile from his native Spain following the 1939 victory of Generalissimo Francisco Franco, he gave more than eight hundred of his early works Barcelona. But due to Franco's hostility, his name never appeared in the museum. Among huge amount Picasso exhibitions that were held during the artist's life, the most significant were exhibitions in New York and Paris.
In 1961, Pablo married Jacqueline Roque and they moved to Mougins. There Picasso continued his fruitful work, which did not stop until the end of his days. One of latest works There was a self-portrait made in pencil on paper, “Self-Portrait Facing Death.” He died a year later at the age of 91 in his thirty-five-room villa on the hill of Notre-Dame de Vie in Mougins on April 8, 1973.
Pablo Picasso - talented Spanish and French artist, sculptor. He is one of the founders of Cubism. Pablo Picasso's name (born Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz y Picasso) was very long, so he used his mother's surname to sign his works. He is one of the most famous artists 20th century. According to art critics, his works are the most expensive. Below is short review life and
The artist's childhood and adolescence
Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Spain. He started drawing from an early age. The boy's first lessons were given to him by his father, who was an art teacher. Pablo Picasso's family was simple, despite the fact that his mother belonged to a wealthy family of vineyard owners. Young artist made great progress and already at the age of 8 painted his first picture.
IN short biography Pablo Picasso should note that in 1891 the boy moved with his family to the northern part of Spain, because his father began teaching drawing in A Coruña. The boy continued his studies at the local art school from 1894 to 1895.
Then the family moved to Barcelona, and in 1895 Picasso began studying at the La Lonja School of Fine Arts. Even then, people were able to appreciate his talent: Picasso was too young to study at this school, but his father insisted that his son try to enroll on a competitive basis. He passed all his exams with flying colors and began his studies.
In 1897, Pablo continued his studies in fine arts in Madrid. But he devoted most of his time to studying the collection of the Prado Museum. Studying at the academy, which adhered to classical traditions, seemed too boring to the artist.
In 1898, he returned to Barcelona and joined a society of artists, which met in a bohemian cafe. A short biography of Pablo Picasso notes that it was in this cafe that the first exhibitions of his works took place in 1900. At the same time, the artist met C. Casagemas and J. Sabartes, whom he later depicted on his canvases.
"Blue" and "pink" periods
In a short biography of Pablo Picasso, you need to give a short description of the “blue” and “rose” periods. In 1900, the artist went to Paris with Casagemas. At the World Exhibition he becomes acquainted with the works of the Impressionists. That period was not easy for Picasso, and Casagemas' suicide was a great shock for the young artist.
Under the influence of these circumstances, at the beginning of 1902, Picasso began to create in a style that was called “blue”. The main themes of the paintings were old age, death, poverty, melancholy and melancholy. The people depicted in the paintings seem thoughtful, slow, immersed in their inner world. Among all the shades, the artist uses blue the most. The heroes of Picasso's paintings were cripples and representatives of the lower classes of society. His paintings are somewhat similar to the works of the artist El Greco.
In 1904, Picasso moved to Paris and his home became a hostel for poor artists. This was the beginning of the “pink” period in his work. The sad images were replaced by circus and theater themes. The palette was dominated by pink-gold and pink-gray, and the main characters of the paintings were wandering artists. In these paintings one could feel the romantic spirit of a lonely wandering artist.
"Girl on the Ball"
This work is the most famous creation of the “pink” period. It was written in 1905. The heroes are a fragile gymnast and a resting athlete. The main theme of the canvas is a traveling circus.
The gymnast practices her routine on the ball, and the athlete rests on the cube. The landscape evokes despondency, melancholy and contrasts with the cheerful craft of circus performers. Also contrasting in this picture are the depicted geometric figures- cube and ball, active gymnast and resting athlete.
In 1913, this painting was acquired by I. A. Morozov, and in 1948 it became part of the exhibition State Museum Fine Arts named after. A. S. Pushkin.
Cubism
In the short biography of Pablo Picasso, the theme of cubism occupies a special place. The artist became more interested in the analysis of forms than in experiments with color. Together with J. Braque in 1907, he created a new direction in fine arts- cubism. Most often, on Picasso’s canvases he depicted still lifes, musical instruments and other objects that were typical of bohemians.
The period of cubism in the artist’s work ended after the First World War. But some elements of Cubism appeared in Picasso's paintings until 1921.
Surrealism period
In a brief biography of Pablo Picasso, it should be noted that the period of surrealism is one of the ambiguous and uneven periods in the artist’s work. An absolutely surreal world appears on the canvases, a difficult atmosphere to perceive. The paintings contained incomprehensible creatures, shapeless, screaming or aggressively sensual images.
During this period, he also created quiet works that stood out from the rest. Most often this creative period women became the heroines of the paintings. The reasons for their frequent appearance may have been due to the fact that the artist did not get along well with his wife. In 1918, Picasso married and the Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova, and in 1921 the couple had a son.
The artist was inspired to create sensual paintings by Marie-Therese Walter, whom he met in 1932. During this period, Picasso created busts, strange abstract forms from rough materials. But at the same time, in some works you can see that he was also inspired by classical forms.
Creation of Guernica
In 1937, German and Italian aircraft destroyed Guernica, the capital of the Basques. This news shocked the artist so much that in two months Pablo Picasso writes one of his most famous paintings is “Guernica”. The play of colors creates the appearance of a fire, and the central place in the composition was given to the fallen warrior and the woman running up to him. This painting conveys the horror and despair that gripped the inhabitants of Guernica. This creation was exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris.
During the war period, Picasso's paintings served as a reflection of the time: they were executed in dark shades and conveyed a feeling of anxiety. At the same time, the main characters of his paintings again became women with distorted faces and shapeless figures. From 1940 to 1944, Picasso remained in Paris and continued to create. In 1944, the artist joined the Communist Party, and in 1950, Picasso created the famous “Dove of Peace.”
Creativity in the post-war period
This period can be called happy for the artist. In 1945, he met Françoise Gilot, who would become the mother of his two children. The main theme of the paintings is family life. The artist and his family move to the south of France, full of Mediterranean charm.
Pablo Picasso creates not only canvases, but also engages in crafts and manual labor. He creates decorative plates, figurines, and paintings. In 1953, Pablo separated from his wife, during which time he wrote several remarkable works. In 1958, Picasso married Jacqueline Roque, who inspired him to create new paintings.
The artist's works differ in the quality of their execution and their diversity. Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in France. Talented artist had a great influence on the development of fine arts.
The founder of Cubism was born in Andalusia in 1881. On October 25, an heir was born into the family of the Spanish painter José Ruiz, who lived in the village of Malaga.
Without achieving much success in painting, Pablo's father worked as a caretaker at an art museum. The boy's mother was the heiress of the Picasso Lopez family, which belonged to a wealthy Spanish family. Years later, Pablo will begin to put his mother’s name on his paintings, and this is how the world will recognize the painting genius Pablo Picasso. Being the firstborn, a handsome and talented boy was surrounded by the love of his mother more than his two sisters. Helping Jose from the age of seven, by the age of 13 his son had everything at his disposal. creative tools father.
Education
Mine creative path The young painter began by entering the Barcelona Academy of Art in 1894. Three years later, he continues his studies at one of the best academies in the capital. Studying at San Fernando helps young man learn the technique and study the skills of Francisco Goya and El Greco. Impressed by the mastery of geniuses, Picasso creates canvases “Self-Portrait” and “Portrait of Mother”.
Having found a like-minded person in the person of the American student Carles Casagemas, the young painter leaves for Paris. A trip to France gives the young talent a useful acquaintance with French painting Izhena Delacroix, Paul Gauguin, as well as the study of Japanese engravings and Egyptian frescoes. The new journey establishes good connections with bohemians and collectors. After a trip to Paris, Picasso began to use his mother’s surname when painting canvases.
Periods of creativity
The new century marked the beginning of the “Blue Period” in the artist’s work. After Casagemas' suicide, several paintings were painted, including a piece with a telling name"Tragedy". The paintings of the first period are imbued with an alarming feeling of sadness and fear. The figures depicted on the canvases become flat, the technique becomes angular and even torn.
Second period creative life the master is called “Pink”. Moving to Paris in 1904 gives the creator new sensations, plans and optimism. Artists of the Medrano Circus troupe served as models for those created over the next couple of years canvases “Acrobats”, “Actor”, “Family of Comedians”. 1905 gives birth to the world the brightest painting in Picasso’s creative life, the painting “Girl on a Ball”.
Having created a portrait of the literary innovator Gertrude Stein, the artist finds a new direction of creativity for himself. Using precise geometric shapes, twenty-eight-year-old Picasso writes a new work, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. The naked maidens on the canvas caused a storm of criticism towards the creator. This picture became a step towards the artist painting canvases in the cubist style.
Having found this direction and developing it, since 1908 many paintings have been created, including “Three Women”, “Bottle of Pernod”, “Woman with a Fan”, “Violin and Guitar”. With these paintings, Picasso brings his technique closer to abstractionism. A new style writing brings profit and fame to the master.
- While working in the Italian capital, he meets a dancer from Russia, Olga Khokhlova. Picasso becomes a husband and father. During this happy period, an heir is born to the spouses. In the technique of writing works, the artist turns to classical realism.
- The second quarter of the twentieth century shows Picasso writing in the style of surrealism. This interesting direction is opened by the painting “Dance”. Living without a family, in the 30s the master takes his first steps in sculpture. He conducts an experiment, illustrating works with engravings Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
- The wartime tragedy of the Spanish Revolution is represented by Picasso’s painting “Guernica,” painted in 1937 by order of the Spanish government. Picasso makes the Minotaur the personification of war, depicting a bull with an indifferent look to the suffering of humanity. The theme of death can be seen in the wartime works, which the maestro wrote without leaving the French capital occupied by the Germans.
- The end of the war again gave the artist a joy of life, which can be traced by turning to the paintings of the post-war period. A bright palette of colors and light images appear again. Fascinated by sculpture and ceramics, Picasso uses the mythology of Ancient Greece to create new works. It should be noted that this period was marked by the birth in 1949 of the painting “Dove of Peace,” which fully characterizes the painter’s mood.
Life and death
From his youth, Pablo surrounded himself with young girls with whom he was in love, constantly finding a new muse. Family life began for Picasso with a wedding in a Russian church. The artist's first marriage was marked by the birth of a son. Soon, having settled separately from his family, the painter meets a new muse. At 54, Picasso is born illegitimate daughter Mayan. During the war, the master meets with a Yugoslav photographer. Dora Maar captured the creation of the symbol of the tragedy, the painting “Guernica,” step by step. Two more children of Picasso were born later from Françoise Gilot, whom the artist met in post-war years. He officially marries for the second time at the age of 80 on his last muse Jacqueline Core. Jacqueline posed for her husband as a model last years his life, when Picasso devoted all his attention to portraits of women.
Having earned a huge fortune and made an invaluable contribution to art, Pablo Picasso dies at the age of 93, on April 8, 1973.
In 1892-1895 he studied at the School of Fine Arts in La Coruña, in 1895-1897 - at the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona, where he received gold medal for the painting “Science and Charity” (1897).
In 1950, Picasso was elected to the World Peace Council.
In the 1950s, the artist painted many variations on the theme famous masters past, resorting to a cubist style of writing: "Algerian women. After Delacroix" (1955), "Luncheon on the grass. After Manet" (1960), "Girls on the banks of the Seine. After Courbet" (1950), "Las Meninas. After Velazquez" (1957).
In 1958, Picasso created the composition "The Fall of Icarus" for the UNESCO building in Paris.
In the 1960s, Picasso created a monumental sculptural composition 15 meters high for a community center in Chicago.
- one of the most “expensive” artists in the world - the estimate (pre-sale estimate) of his works exceeds hundreds of millions of dollars.
Pablo Picasso was married twice. In 1918, he married the ballerina of the Diaghilev troupe Olga Khokhlova (1891-1955). In this marriage, the artist had a son, Paul (1921-1975). After Olga's death in 1961, the artist married Jacqueline Rock (1927-1986). Picasso also had illegitimate children - daughter Maya from Marie-Thérèse Walter, son Claude and daughter Paloma from artist Françoise Gilot.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources