Introduction
The novel "War and Peace" by Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy is considered historical novel. It describes the real events of the military campaigns of 1805-1807 and Patriotic War 1812. It would seem, except battle scenes and discussions about the war should not worry the writer. But central storyline Tolstoy prescribes the family as the basis of all Russian society, the basis of morality and ethics, the basis of human behavior in the course of history. Therefore, the “family thought” in Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” is one of the main ones.
L.N. Tolstoy presents us with three secular families, which he shows for almost fifteen years, revealing family traditions and culture of several generations: fathers, children, grandchildren. These are the Rostov, Bolkonsky and Kuragin families. The three families are so different from each other, but the fates of their pupils are so closely intertwined.
Rostov family
One of the most exemplary families of society presented by Tolstoy in the novel is the Rostov family. The origins of family are love, mutual understanding, sensual support, harmony of human relationships. Count and Countess Rostov, sons Nikolai and Peter, daughters Natalya, Vera and niece Sonya. All members of this family form a certain circle of living participation in each other’s destinies. The elder sister Vera can be considered a certain exception; she behaved somewhat colder. “...beautiful Vera smiled contemptuously...”, Tolstoy describes her manner of behaving in society; she herself said that she was raised differently and was proud that she had nothing to do with “all sorts of tenderness.”
Natasha has been an eccentric girl since childhood. Childhood love for Boris Drubetsky, adoration for Pierre Bezukhov, passion for Anatoly Kuragin, love for Andrei Bolkonsky - truly sincere feelings, absolutely devoid of self-interest.
The manifestation of true patriotism of the Rostov family confirms and reveals the importance of “family thought” in “War and Peace.” Nikolai Rostov saw himself only as a military man and enlisted in the hussars to go defend the Russian army. Natasha gave up carts for the wounded, leaving behind all her acquired property. The Countess and Count provided their home to shelter the wounded from the French. Petya Rostov goes to war as a boy and dies for his homeland.
Bolkonsky family
In the Bolkonsky family, everything is somewhat different than in the Rostovs. Tolstoy does not say that there was no love here. She was there, but her manifestation did not carry such a tender feeling. The old prince Nikolai Bolkonsky believed: “There are only two sources of human vices: idleness and superstition, and that there are only two virtues: activity and intelligence.” Everything in their family was subject to strict order - “the order in his way of life was brought to the utmost degree of precision.” He himself taught his daughter, studied mathematics and other sciences with her.
Young Bolkonsky loved his father and respected his opinion, he treated him worthy of a princely son. When leaving for war, he asked his father to leave his future son to be raised, since he knew that his father would do everything with honor and justice.
Princess Marya, Andrei Bolkonsky's sister, obeyed the old prince in everything. She lovingly accepted all her father's strictures and cared for him with zeal. To Andrey’s question: “Is it difficult for you with him?” Marya answered: “Is it possible to judge my father?.. I am so pleased and happy with him!”
All relationships in the Bolkonsky family were smooth and calm, everyone minded their own business and knew their place. True patriotism Prince Andrey showed by giving own life for the victory of the Russian army. Old Prince before last day he kept notes for the sovereign, followed the progress of the war and believed in the strength of Russia. Princess Marya did not renounce her faith, prayed for her brother and helped people with her entire existence.
Kuragin family
This family is presented by Tolstoy in contrast to the previous two. Prince Vasily Kuragin lived only for profit. He knew who to be friends with, who to invite to visit, who to marry children to in order to get a profitable life. In response to Anna Pavlovna’s remark about his family, Sherer says: “What to do! Lavater would say that I don’t have the lump of parental love.”
The social beauty Helen is bad at heart, “ prodigal son“Anatole leads an idle life, in revelry and amusements; the eldest, Hippolytus, is called “a fool” by his father. This family is incapable of loving, empathizing, or even caring for each other. Prince Vasily admits: “My children are a burden to my existence.” The ideal of their life is vulgarity, debauchery, opportunism, deception of people who love them. Helene destroys the lives of Pierre Bezukhov, Anatole interferes in the relationship between Natasha and Andrei.
We are not even talking about patriotism here. Prince Vasily himself constantly gossips in the world about Kutuzov, now about Bagration, now about Emperor Alexander, now about Napoleon, without having a constant opinion and adapting to circumstances.
New families in the novel
At the end of the novel “War and Peace,” L.N. Tolstoy creates a situation of mixing of the Bolkonsky, Rostov and Bezukhov families. New strong ones loving families connect Natasha Rostova and Pierre, Nikolai Rostov and Marya Bolkonskaya. “Like in every real family, in the Lysogorsk house several completely different worlds lived together, which, each maintaining its own peculiarity and making concessions to one another, merged into one harmonious whole,” says the author. The wedding of Natasha and Pierre took place in the year of the death of Count Rostov - the old family collapsed, a new one was formed. And for Nikolai, marrying Marya was salvation for both the entire Rostov family and himself. Marya, with all her faith and love, preserved family peace of mind and ensured harmony.
Conclusion
After writing an essay on the topic “Family Thought in the Novel “War and Peace”,” I became convinced that family means peace, love, and understanding. And harmony in family relationships can only come from respect for each other.
Work test
Closely connected with the theme of the people in the novel theme of family and nobility. The author divides the nobles into “haves” (these include Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov), local patriots (old man Bolkonsky, the Rostovs), and secular nobility (the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer, Helen).
According to Tolstoy, the family is the soil for the formation human soul. And at the same time, each family is a whole world, special, unlike anything else, full of complex relationships. In the novel “War and Peace,” the theme of family, according to the author’s plan, serves as the most important means of organizing the text. The atmosphere of the family nest determines the characters, destinies and views of the heroes of the work. In the system of all the main images of the novel, the author identifies several families, using the example of which he expresses his attitude towards the ideal of home - these are the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys, the Kuragins.
The Rostovs and Bolkonskys are not just families, they are ways of life based on national traditions. These traditions were most fully manifested in the life of the Rostov representatives - a noble-naive family living by feelings, combining serious attitude to family honor (Nikolai Rostov does not refuse his father’s debts), warmth and cordiality of family relationships, hospitality and hospitality that distinguishes Russian people. Talking about Petya, Natasha, Nikolai and the elder Rostovs, Tolstoy sought to artistically recreate the history of an average noble family early XIX century.
During the course of the story, Tolstoy introduces the reader to all representatives of the Rostov family, talking about them with deep interest and sympathy. The Rostov house in Moscow was considered one of the most hospitable, and therefore one of the most beloved. A kind, carefree and forgiving spirit of benevolent love reigned here. This caused good-natured ridicule among some, but it did not prevent anyone from taking advantage of Count Rostov’s hospitable generosity: kindness and love are always attractive.
The most prominent representative of the Rostov family is Natasha - charming, natural, cheerful and naive. All these traits are dear to Tolstoy, and for them he loves his heroine. Starting from the first acquaintance, the writer emphasizes that Natasha is not like other characters in the novel. We see her as a daring child when, at her name day, she fearlessly, despite the presence of Countess Akhrosimova (whom the whole world was afraid of), asks what kind of cake will be served for dessert; then matured, but still just as lively, spontaneous and charming, when she has to accept her first important decision- refuse Denisov, who proposed to her. She says: “Vasily Dmitrich, I feel so sorry for you!.. No, but you are so nice... but don’t... this is... otherwise I will always love you...” There is no direct logic in Natasha’s words , but at the same time they are touchingly pure and truthful. Later we see Natasha with Nikolai and Petya in Mikhailovsk, visiting her uncle, when she performs a Russian dance, causing admiration from those around her; Natasha, in love with Prince Andrei, and then carried away by Anatoly Kuragin. As she grows up, Natasha’s character traits also develop: love of life, optimism, amorousness. Tolstoy shows her in joy, in grief, and in despair, and shows her in such a way that the reader cannot doubt: all her feelings are sincere and genuine.
As the story progresses, we learn a lot of important things about Count Rostov: about the financial worries of Ilya Nikolaevich; about his hospitality and good nature; about how inimitably and fervently he dances Danila Kupora; about how much effort he makes to organize a reception in honor of Bagration; about how, in a fit of patriotic delight, returning from the palace where he heard and saw the emperor, he lets his youngest minor son go to war. Tolstoy almost always shows Countess Rostova through the eyes of Natasha. Her main feature is her love for children. For Natasha, she is the first friend and adviser. The Countess understands her children perfectly and is always ready to warn them against mistakes and give the necessary advice.
Tolstoy treats Petya, the youngest son of the Rostovs, with especially touching sympathy. This is a wonderful, kind, loving and beloved boy, so similar to Natasha, a faithful companion to her games, her page, unquestioningly fulfilling all the desires and whims of his sister. He, like Natasha, loves life in all its manifestations. He knows how to take pity on the captive French drummer, invites him to dinner and treats him to fried meat, just as his father, Count Rostov, invited everyone to his house to feed and caress him. Petya's death is clear evidence of the senselessness and mercilessness of the war.
For the Rostovs, love is the basis of family life. Here they are not afraid to express their feelings either to each other or to friends and acquaintances. The love, kindness and warmth of the Rostovs extend not only to its members, but also to people who, by the will of fate, have become their loved ones. So, Andrei Bolkonsky, finding himself in Otradnoye, struck by Natasha’s cheerfulness, decides to change his life. The Rostov family never condemns or reproaches each other even when an act committed by one of its members deserves condemnation, be it Nikolai, who lost a huge amount of money to Dolokhov and put the family in danger of ruin, or Natasha, who tried to escape with Anatoly Kuragin. Here we are always ready to help each other and stand up for a loved one at any moment.
Such purity of relationships and high morality make the Rostovs similar to the Bolkonskys. But the Bolkonskys, in contrast to the Rostovs, give great value his birth and wealth. They do not accept everyone indiscriminately. A special order reigns here, understandable only to family members; here everything is subordinated to honor, reason and duty. All representatives of this family have a clearly expressed sense of family superiority and self-esteem. But at the same time, in the Bolkonskys’ relationship there is natural and sincere love, hidden under the mask of arrogance. The proud Bolkonskys are noticeably different in character from the cozy and homely Rostovs, and that is why the unity of these two families, in the author’s view, is possible only between uncharacteristic representatives of these families (Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya).
The Bolkonsky family in the novel is contrasted with the Kuragin family. Both the Bolkonskys and the Kuragins occupy a prominent place in social life Moscow and St. Petersburg. But if, when describing the members of the Bolkonsky family, the author draws attention to issues of pride and honor, then the Kuragins are depicted as active participants in intrigues and behind-the-scenes games (the story with Count Bezukhov’s briefcase), regulars at balls and social events. The way of life of the Bolkonsky family is based on love and cohesion. All representatives of the Kuragin family are united by immorality (secret connections between Anatole and Helen), unscrupulousness (an attempt to arrange Natasha’s escape), prudence (the marriage of Pierre and Helen), and false patriotism.
It is no coincidence that representatives of the Kuragin family belong to high society. From the first pages of the novel the reader is transported to St. Petersburg living rooms big world and gets acquainted with the “cream” of this society: nobles, dignitaries, diplomats, ladies-in-waiting. As the narrative progresses, Tolstoy tears away the veils of external brilliance and refined manners from these people, and their spiritual squalor and moral baseness are revealed to the reader. There is neither simplicity, nor goodness, nor truth in their behavior and relationships. Everything is unnatural, hypocritical in Anna Pavlovna Scherer’s salon. Everything alive, be it a thought and feeling, a sincere impulse or a topical wit, fades away in a soulless environment. That is why the naturalness and openness in Pierre’s behavior frightened Scherer so much. Here they are accustomed to “decently pulled masks”, to a masquerade. Prince Vasily speaks lazily, like an actor in an old play, while the hostess herself behaves with artificial enthusiasm.
Tolstoy compares the evening reception at Scherer’s to a spinning workshop, in which “spindles made noise evenly and incessantly from different sides.” But in these workshops, important matters are decided, state intrigues are woven, personal problems are solved, selfish plans are outlined: places are looked for for unsettled sons, like Ippolit Kuragin, profitable matches for marriage are discussed. In this light, “eternal inhuman enmity, the struggle for mortal blessings, boils.” Suffice it to recall the distorted faces of the “mournful” Drubetskaya and the “merciful” Prince Vasily, when the two of them clutched the briefcase with the will at the bedside of the dying Count Bezukhov.
Prince Vasily Kuragin, the head of the Kuragin family, is a bright type of enterprising careerist, money-grubber and egoist. Entrepreneurship and acquisitiveness became, as it were, “involuntary” traits of his character. As Tolstoy emphasizes, Prince Vasily knew how to use people and hide this skill, covering it with subtle observance of the rules of secular behavior. Thanks to this skill, Prince Vasily achieves a lot in life, because in the society in which he lives, the search for various kinds of benefits is the main thing in relations between people. For the sake of his own selfish goals, Prince Vasily is developing very vigorous activity. Suffice it to recall the campaign launched to get Pierre married to his daughter Helen. Without waiting for Pierre and Helen's explanation or matchmaking, Prince Vasily bursts into the room with an icon in his hands and blesses the newlyweds - the mousetrap slammed shut. The siege of Maria Bolkonskaya, a rich bride for Anatole, began, and only chance prevented the successful completion of this “operation.” About what love and family well-being Can we talk about marriages being made out of open convenience? Tolstoy tells with irony about Prince Vasily, when he fools and robs Pierre, embezzling income from his estates and keeping several thousand quitrents from the Ryazan estate, hiding his actions under the guise of kindness and care for the young man, whom he cannot leave to the mercy of fate. .
Helen is the only one of all the children of Prince Vasily who does not burden him, but brings joy with her successes. This is explained by the fact that she was real daughter her father and early understood what rules one must play by in the world in order to achieve success and take a strong position. Beauty is Helen's only virtue. She understands this very well and uses it as a means to achieve personal gain. When Helen walks through the hall, the dazzling whiteness of her shoulders attracts the gaze of all the men present. Having married Pierre, she began to shine even brighter, did not miss a single ball and was always a welcome guest. Having openly cheated on her husband, she cynically declares that she does not want to have children from him. Pierre rightly defined its essence: “Where you are, there is debauchery.”
Prince Vasily is openly burdened by his sons. Youngest son Prince Vasily - Anatol Kuragin - is disgusted already at the first moment of acquaintance. Compiling a characterization of this hero, Tolstoy noted: “He’s like beautiful doll, there’s nothing in the eyes.” Anatole is sure that the world was created for his pleasure. According to the author, “he was instinctively convinced that he could not live differently than he lived”, that he “must live on thirty thousand income and always borrow highest position in society." Tolstoy repeatedly emphasizes that Anatole is handsome. But his external beauty contrasts with his empty inner appearance. Anatole's immorality is especially evident during his courtship of Natasha Rostova, when she was the bride of Andrei Bolkonsky. Anatol Kuragin became a symbol of freedom for Natasha Rostova, and she, with her purity, naivety and faith in people, could not understand that this is freedom from the boundaries of what is permitted, from the moral framework of what is permissible. The second son of Prince Vasily - Ippolit - is described by the author as a rake and a veil. But unlike Anatole, he is also mentally limited, which makes his actions especially ridiculous. Tolstoy devotes rather little space to Ippolit in the novel, not deigning him with his attention. The beauty and youth of the Kuragins takes on a repulsive character, for this beauty is insincere, not warmed by the soul.
Tolstoy depicted the declaration of love between Boris Drubetsky and Julie Karagina with irony and sarcasm. Julie knows that this brilliant but poor handsome man does not love her, but demands a declaration of love according to all the rules for his wealth. And Boris, saying the right words, thinks that you can always arrange it so that you rarely see your wife. For the Kuragins and Drubetskys, all means are good to achieve success and fame and strengthen their position in society. You can join Masonic lodge, pretending that you are close to the ideas of love, equality, brotherhood, although in fact the only purpose of this is the desire to make profitable acquaintances. Pierre, a sincere and trusting man, soon saw that these people were not interested in questions of truth, the good of humanity, but in the uniforms and crosses that they sought in life.
Tolstoy considered family to be the basis of everything. It contains love, and the future, and peace, and goodness. Families make up society, the moral laws of which are laid down and preserved in the family. The writer’s family is a society in miniature. Tolstoy's heroes are almost all family people, and he characterizes them through families.
In the novel, the life of three families unfolds before us: the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys, the Kuragins. In the epilogue of the novel, the author shows the happy “new” families of Nikolai and Marya, Pierre and Natasha. Each family is endowed with characteristic features and also embodies its own view of the world and its values. Members of these families participate in one way or another in all the events described in the work. The novel covers fifteen years of life, families are traced through three generations: fathers, children and grandchildren.
The Rostov family is an example of an ideal relationship between loved ones who love and respect each other. The father of the family, Count Ilya Rostov, is depicted as a typical Russian gentleman. The manager Mitenka constantly deceives the count. Only Nikolai Rostov exposes and fires him. No one in the family accuses anyone, suspects anyone, or deceives anyone. They are one whole, always sincerely ready to help each other. Joys and sorrows are experienced together, together they look for answers to difficult questions. They quickly experience troubles; the emotional and intuitive principles predominate in them. All Rostovs are passionate people, but the mistakes and mistakes of family members do not cause hostility and hostility towards each other. The family is upset and grieving when Nikolai Rostov loses at cards, experiences the story of Natasha’s love for Anatoly Kuragin and an attempt to escape with him, although everything secular society discusses this shameful event.
In the Rostov family there is a “Russian spirit”, everyone loves national culture and art. They live in accordance with national traditions: they welcome guests, are generous, love to live in the countryside, and take part in folk holidays. All Rostovs are talented and have musical abilities. The courtyard people who serve in the house are deeply devoted to the masters and live with them like one family.
During the war, the Rostov family remained in Moscow until last moment while it is still possible to evacuate. Their house houses the wounded, who need to be taken out of the city so that they are not killed by the French. The Rostovs decide to give up their acquired property and give away the carts for the soldiers. This is how the true patriotism of this family is manifested.
A different order reigns in the Bolkonsky family. All living feelings are driven to the very bottom of the soul. In the relationship between them there is only cold rationality. Prince Andrei and Princess Marya do not have a mother, and the father replaces parental love with over-demandingness, which makes his children unhappy. Princess Marya is a girl with a strong, courageous character. She was not broken by her father’s cruel attitude, she did not become embittered, and did not lose her pure and gentle soul.
Old Bolkonsky is sure that in the world “there are only two virtues - activity and intelligence.” He himself works all his life: he writes the charter, works in the workshop, studies with his daughter. Bolkonsky is a nobleman of the old school. He is a patriot of his homeland and wants to benefit it. Having learned that the French are advancing, he becomes the head of the people's militia, ready to defend his land with arms in hand, to prevent the enemy from setting foot on it.
Prince Andrei looks like his father. He also strives for power, works in Speransky’s committee, wants to become a big man, to serve for the good of the country. Although he promised himself never to participate in battles again, in 1812 he went to fight again. Saving his homeland is a sacred matter for him. Prince Andrei dies for his homeland like a hero.
The Kuragin family brings evil and destruction to the world. Using the example of the members of this family, Tolstoy showed how deceptive external beauty can be. Helen and Anatole are beautiful people, but this beauty is imaginary. External shine hides the emptiness of their low souls. Anatole leaves a bad memory of himself everywhere. Because of money, he wooes Princess Marya and destroys the relationship between Prince Andrei and Natasha. Helen loves only herself, destroys Pierre's life, disgraces him.
Lies, hypocrisy, and contempt for others reign in the Kuragin family. The father of the family, Prince Vasily, is a court intriguer, he is only interested in gossip and vile deeds. For the sake of money, he is ready to do anything, even commit a crime. His behavior in the scene of the death of Count Bezukhov is the height of blasphemy and contempt for the laws of human morality.
There is no spiritual relationship in the Kuragin family. Tolstoy does not show us their house. They are primitive, undeveloped people, whom the author portrays in satirical tones. They cannot achieve happiness in life.
According to Tolstoy, a good family is a reward for a righteous life. In the finale, he rewards his heroes with happiness in family life.
“Family Thought” in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace” The main idea in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy“War and peace,” along with popular thought,” is “family thought.” The writer believed that the family is the basis of the entire society, and it reflects the processes that occur in society.
The novel shows heroes who go through a certain path of ideological and spiritual development; through trial and error, they try to find their place in life and realize their purpose. These characters are shown against the backdrop of family relationships. So, families appear before us Rostov and Bolkonsky. Tolstoy depicted in his novel the entire Russian nation from top to bottom, thereby showing that the top of the nation had become spiritually dead, having lost contact with the people. He shows this process using the example of the family of Prince Vasily Kuragin and his children, who are characterized by the expression of all negative qualities, inherent in people high society - extreme selfishness, baseness of interests, lack of sincere feelings.
All the heroes of the novel are bright individuals, but the members of the same family have a certain common feature that unites them all.
Thus, the main feature of the Bolkonsky family can be called the desire to follow the laws of reason. None of them, except, perhaps, Princess Marya, is characterized by an open manifestation of their feelings. The image of the head of the family, the old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky, embodies the best features of the ancient Russian nobility. He is a representative of an ancient aristocratic family, his character bizarrely combines the morals of an imperious nobleman, before whom all the household tremble, from the servants to his own daughter, an aristocrat proud of his long pedigree, the traits of a man of great intelligence and simple habits. At a time when no one required women to display any special knowledge, he teaches his daughter geometry and algebra, motivating it this way: “I don’t want you to be like our stupid ladies.” He educated his daughter in order to develop in her the main virtues, which, in his opinion, were “activity and intelligence.”
His son, Prince Andrei, also embodied the best features of the nobility, advanced noble youth. Prince Andrei has his own path to understanding real life. And he will go through errors, but his unerring moral sense will help him get rid of false ideals. So, Napoleon and Speransky turn out to be debunked in his mind, and his life will come Love To Natasha, so unlike all the other ladies of high society, the main features of which, in his opinion and the opinion of his father, are “selfishness, vanity, insignificance in everything.” Natasha will become for him the personification of real life, opposing the falsehood of the world. Her betrayal of him is tantamount to the collapse of an ideal. Just like his father, Prince Andrei is intolerant of simple human weaknesses that his wife, a very ordinary woman, has, a sister who is looking for some special truth from “God’s people,” and many other people whom he encounters in life.
A peculiar exception in the Bolkonsky family is Princess Marya. She lives only for the sake of self-sacrifice, which is elevated to a moral principle that determines her entire life. She is ready to give all of herself to others, suppressing personal desires. Submission to her fate, to all the whims of her domineering father, who loves her in his own way, religiosity is combined in her with a thirst for simple, human happiness. Her humility is the result of a peculiarly understood sense of duty as a daughter who does not have the moral right to judge her father, as she says to Mademoiselle Burien: “I will not allow myself to judge him and would not want others to do this.” But nevertheless, when self-esteem demands, she can show the necessary firmness. This is revealed with particular force when her sense of patriotism, which distinguishes all Bolkonskys, is insulted. However, she can sacrifice her pride if it is necessary to save another person. So, she asks for forgiveness, although she is not guilty of anything, from her companion for herself and the serf servant, on whom her father’s wrath fell.
Another family depicted in the novel is in some way opposed to the Bolkonsky family. This is the Rostov family. If the Bolkonskys strive to follow the arguments of reason, then Rostov obey the voice of feelings. Natasha is little guided by the requirements of decency, she is spontaneous, she has many child traits, which is highly valued by the author. He emphasizes many times that Natasha is ugly, unlike Helen Kuragina. It’s not the outside that’s important to him. beauty a person, but his internal qualities.
The behavior of all members of this family shows high nobility of feelings, kindness, rare generosity, naturalness, closeness to the people, moral purity and integrity. The local nobility, unlike the highest St. Petersburg nobility, is faithful to national traditions. It was not for nothing that Natasha, dancing with her uncle after the hunt, “knew how to understand everything that was in Anisya, and in Anisya’s father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person.”
Tolstoy attaches great importance to family ties and the unity of the entire family. Although the Bolkonsky family should unite with the Rostov family through the marriage of Prince Andrei and Natasha, her mother cannot come to terms with this, cannot accept Andrei into the family, “she wanted to love him like a son, but she felt that he was a stranger and terrible to her Human". Families cannot unite through Natasha and Andrei, but are united through the marriage of Princess Marya to Nikolai Rostov. This marriage is successful, it saves the Rostovs from ruin.
The novel also shows the Kuragin family: Prince Vasily and his three children: the soulless doll Helen, the “dead fool” Ippolit and the “restless fool” Anatole. Prince Vasily is a calculating and cold intriguer and ambitious man who lays claim to Kirila's inheritance Bezukhova without having any direct right to do so. He is connected with his children only by blood ties and common interests: they care only about their well-being and position in society.
The daughter of Prince Vasily, Helen, is a typical social beauty with impeccable manners and reputation. She amazes everyone with her beauty, which is described several times as “marble,” that is, cold beauty, devoid of feeling and soul, the beauty of a statue. The only thing that occupies Helen is her salon and social receptions.
The sons of Prince Vasily, in his opinion, are both “fools.” His father managed to place Hippolytus in the diplomatic service, and his fate is considered settled. The brawler and rake Anatole causes a lot of trouble for everyone around him, and, in order to calm him down, Prince Vasily wants to marry him to the rich heiress Princess Marya. This marriage cannot take place due to the fact that Princess Marya does not want to part with her father, and Anatole indulges in his former amusements with renewed vigor.
Thus, people who are not only related by blood, but also spiritually, unite into families. The ancient Bolkonsky family is not interrupted by the death of Prince Andrei; Nikolenka Bolkonsky remains, who will likely continue the tradition of moral quests of his father and grandfather. Marya Bolkonskaya brings high spirituality to the Rostov family. So, “family thought,” along with “folk thought,” is the main one in L. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” Tolstoy's family is studied at turning points in history. Having shown three families most fully in the novel, writer makes it clear to the reader that the future belongs to families such as the Rostov and Bolkonsky families, who embody sincerity of feelings and high spirituality, the most prominent representatives of which each go through their own path of rapprochement with the people.
Composition. “Family Thought” in the novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy
In the novel "War and Peace" L.N. Tolstoy singled out and considered the most significant "people's thought." This theme is most vividly and multifacetedly reflected in those parts of the work that tell about the war. In the depiction of the “world,” the “family thought” predominates, playing a very important role in the novel.
Almost all the heroes of War and Peace are tested by love. They do not all come to true love and mutual understanding, to moral beauty, and not all at once, but only after going through mistakes and the suffering that redeems them, developing and purifying the soul.
Andrei Bolkonsky's path to happiness was thorny. A twenty-year-old inexperienced young man, carried away and blinded by “external” beauty, marries Lisa. However, very quickly Andrei came to a painful and depressing understanding of how “cruelly and irreparably” he had made a mistake. In a conversation with Pierre, Andrei, almost in despair, utters the words: “Never, never get married... until you have done everything you could... My God, what I wouldn’t give now not to be married! "
Family life did not bring Bolkonsky happiness and peace; he was burdened by it. He did not love his wife, but rather despised her as a child of an empty, stupid “world”. Prince Andrei was constantly oppressed by the feeling of the uselessness of his life, equating him with a “court lackey and idiot.”
Then there was the sky of Austerlitz, the death of Lisa, and a deep spiritual change, and fatigue, melancholy, contempt for life, disappointment. Bolkonsky at that time was like an oak tree, which “stood like an old, angry and contemptuous monster between the smiling birches” and “did not want to submit to the charm of spring.” “Yes, he’s right, this oak tree is right a thousand times,” thought Prince Andrei, “...our life is over.” This is how he first met Natasha in Otradnoye. And from contact with her natural life, illuminated by joy, “an unexpected confusion of young thoughts and hopes” arose in Andrei’s soul. He left transformed, and again in front of him was an oak tree, but not an old, ugly oak tree, but covered with “a tent of lush, dark greenery,” so that “no sores, no old mistrust, no grief - nothing was visible.”
Love, like a miracle, revives Tolstoy's heroes to a new life. A true feeling for Natasha, so unlike the empty, absurd women of the “society,” came to Prince Andrei later and with incredible force turned him over and renewed his soul. He “seemed and was a completely different, new person,” “as if he had walked out of a stuffy room into the free light of God.” True, even love did not help Prince Andrei to humble his pride; he never forgave Natasha for “betrayal.” Only after a mortal wound and a new mental fracture and rethinking of life did Bolkonsky understand her suffering, shame and repentance and realize the cruelty of the break with her. “I love you more, better than before,” he said then to Natasha, but nothing, not even her fiery feeling, could keep him in this world.
Pierre's fate is somewhat similar to the fate of his best friend. Just like Andrei, who in his youth was carried away by Liza, who has just arrived from Paris, childishly enthusiastic, Pierre is carried away by the “doll-like” beauty of Helen. The example of Prince Andrei did not become a “science” for him; Pierre was convinced from his own experience that external beauty is not always the key to internal - spiritual beauty.
Pierre felt that there were no barriers between him and Helen, she “was terribly close to him,” her beautiful “marble” body had power over him. And although Pierre felt that this was “not good for some reason,” he weakly succumbed to the feeling instilled in him by this “depraved woman” and eventually became her husband. As a result, a bitter feeling of disappointment, gloomy despondency, contempt for his wife, for life, for himself gripped him some time after the wedding, when Helen’s “mystery” turned into spiritual emptiness, stupidity and debauchery.
Having met Natasha, Pierre, like Andrei, was amazed and attracted by her purity and naturalness. Feelings for her had already timidly begun to grow in his soul when Volkonsky and Natasha fell in love with each other. The joy of their happiness mixed in his soul with sadness. Unlike Andrey, Pierre's kind heart understood and forgave Natasha after the incident with Anatole Kuragin. Although he tried to despise her, when he saw the exhausted, suffering Natasha, “a never-before-experienced feeling of pity filled Pierre’s soul.” And love entered his “soul, which blossomed towards a new life, softened and encouraged.” Pierre understood Natasha, perhaps because her connection with Anatole was similar to his infatuation with Helen. Natasha believed in inner beauty and the purity of the depraved and empty Kuragin, in communication with whom she, just like Pierre and Helen, “felt with horror that there was no barrier between him and her.”
After a disagreement with his wife, Pierre's journey through life continues. He became interested in Freemasonry, then there was the war, and the half-childish idea of killing Napoleon, and burning Moscow, terrible moments of waiting for death and captivity. Having gone through suffering, Pierre's renewed, purified soul retained his love for Natasha. Having met her, who had also changed greatly, had gone through her own path of spiritual quest and suffering, and had become wiser, he did not immediately recognize her, although he noticed the attentive, affectionate gaze of “a sweet, kind, glorious creature.” Pierre did not recognize Natasha because in her “kind, sad, questioning eyes” there was no “smile of the joy of life” characteristic of them. They both believed that after everything they had experienced they would be able to feel this joy, but love awoke in their hearts, and suddenly it “smelled and filled” with “long-forgotten happiness”, and the “forces of life” began to beat, and a “joyful, unexpected madness” took possession of them.
“Love has awakened, and life has awakened.”
The power of love revived Natasha after the mental apathy caused by the death of Prince Andrei. She thought that her life was over, but the love for her mother that arose with renewed vigor showed her that her essence... - love - was still alive in her. Her whole being was filled with a feeling of “love, boundless love... for everything that was close to a loved one,” a feeling of “pity, suffering for others and a passionate desire to give all of myself in order to help them.” This all-crushing force of love, which called Natasha herself to life, “persistent, patient,” called to life the people she loved, to whom it was directed.
The fates of Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya were not easy. Quiet, meek, ugly in appearance, but beautiful soul During her father’s lifetime, the princess did not even hope to get married or raise children. The only wooer, and even then for the sake of a dowry, Anatole, of course, could not understand her high spirituality, moral beauty, her desire for the “infinite, eternal and perfect.”
A chance meeting with Rostov, his noble deed awakened an unfamiliar, exciting feeling in Marya. Her soul recognized in him a “noble, firm, selfless soul.”
Each meeting revealed each other more and more to them, connected them. In the presence of her beloved, Princess Marya was transformed, “some new force of life took possession of her.” Awkward, shy, she became graceful and feminine, but in the presence of Anatole, the princess shrank, closed in on herself and became even uglier. When Rostov looked at her, he saw how “all her inner work, dissatisfied with herself, her suffering, the desire for good, humility, love, selflessness - all this shone in... radiant eyes, in a subtle smile, in every feature of her gentle face."
Nikolai admired the beautiful soul that had revealed itself to him and felt that Marya was better and higher than both himself and Sonechka, whom, as it seemed to him before, he loved, in whom she remained a “barren flower.” Sonya was always correct, like Vera, her soul did not live, did not make mistakes and did not suffer and, according to Tolstoy, did not “deserve” family happiness. Rostov also felt that he would never fully understand Princess Marya, and she also understood this, but her “submissive, tender” love seemed to become stronger from this. In their family, both happy and calm, there was no endless understanding, dissolution in each other, which, as Tolstoy believed, was the ideal of marriage.
The Bezukhov family became such an ideal in War and Peace. Natasha internally merged with Pierre, "gave herself... all - that is, with all her soul, leaving not a single corner open to him." She stopped paying attention to the “external” means that many thought were necessary to maintain love. She did not take beautiful poses, did not dress up, did not sing, she left society, since all this was weak and ridiculous in front of “something solid, like the connection between her soul and body” that was between her and her husband. The old countess, with her motherly instinct, guessed that “all Natasha’s impulses began only with the need to have a family, to have a husband.” And when they appeared, she gave them all of herself, served only them and all her interests, her whole life were focused on them. She fulfilled Pierre’s every wish, tried to guess his thoughts and will. Those around her noticed that she was arguing with them using her husband’s words. Often, when they argued, Pierre found in Natasha’s words his own thought, cleared of all superficial things. The wife unconsciously was a reflection of himself, absorbing all the best that she found in her husband.
In the epilogue of the novel "War and Peace" Tolstoy exalts the spiritual unity of people, which forms the basis of nepotism. A new family was created, in which seemingly different principles - the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys - were united. “As in every real family, in the Lysogorsk house several completely different worlds lived together, which, each maintaining its own peculiarity and making concessions to one another, merged into one harmonious whole.”
The epic novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy is a work of colossal depth, in which it is reflected national character of the Russian people at a historical, truly fateful moment. The writer convincingly says that everything is interconnected in this world: past and future, war and peace, betrayal and heroism, family and state, fathers and sons.
Of course, in such an epoch-making work, the author could not ignore the “family thought”, because the family, no matter how banal it sounds, is the foundation of any state. Narrating the fates of the Rostovs, Bolkonskys, Kuragins and many other Russian people, Tolstoy tells how they together created the history of Russia. Thus, through small things he managed to say about big things: how a family shapes a person, how traditions are passed on from generation to generation, how the best human qualities, rooted in the family, help the heroes of the novel overcome life’s difficulties and misfortunes.
Stories of several noble families are shown in the work especially brightly and voluminously.
Here we have the Rostovs - a typical Russian family: kind, hospitable people, open and simple. Tolstoy clearly sympathizes with this house, where there is a friendly atmosphere and everyone sincerely loves each other. The Rostov family is Natasha, niece Sonya, Vera, Nikolai and their parents. The children in this family are natural, they are incapable of committing bad deeds, incapable of calculation. The count's estate is always open to guests, the house is noisy and cheerful, because the hospitality of the owners attracts many people there.
It seems to me that Leo Tolstoy put his own understanding into the description of the lifestyle of the Rostov counts family values. The author has always been a supporter of a friendly and strong family, where mutual respect and love for each other reign, where a woman’s purpose is to give birth and raise children, of which there must certainly be many. The fate of one of the daughters of the Rostov counts, Natasha, Tolstoy’s favorite heroine, is typical for a Russian noblewoman of that time. She sees the meaning of her life in being a loved, faithful wife and caring mother. She is a real Russian woman: kind, devoted and selfless. Just like her mother, the old countess, Natasha is ready to sacrifice a lot for the sake of her children. Natasha's union with Pierre Bezukhov, her own family is, in my opinion, a continuation family traditions Rostov, where the father is the spiritual basis of the family, the mother is the keeper of the hearth, and the children are her future.
Another family - the Bolkonsky princes - are described by Tolstoy in slightly different colors than the Rostov family: Spartan upbringing, restraint in feelings, the concept of honor, nobility, patriotism. Such families are usually called the backbone of the state.
Tolstoy shows us three generations of the Bolkonskys: Prince Nikolai Andreevich, his children Andrei and Marya and grandson Nikolai.
The father of the family is Catherine's nobleman, one of the most wonderful people of her time, the “golden age of Catherine.” He believes that in the world “there are only two virtues” - activity and intelligence. In his house everyone works, because he himself works: he either writes military regulations, or works on a machine. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky are worthy children of their father. The ability to put the interests of the fatherland above personal interests has always distinguished men from the Bolkonsky family. “Service comes first,” Nikolai Andreevich will say, approving his son’s decision to go to war.
Life principles inherited from his father make Prince Andrei courageous man, and from Princess Marya - a soft, pious woman, and later, in alliance with Nikolai Rostov, also a virtuous mother. “My life is a life of selflessness and love,” she says.
The Kuragin family is confirmation folk proverb that “an owl will not give birth to a falcon.” The head of the family, Prince Vasily, is a completely false, unnatural, greedy person. Of course, he could not raise worthy children. Helen, Anatole, Hippolyte are examples of stupidity, heartlessness, cynicism and spiritual callousness. Helen Kuragina, the daughter of Prince Vasily, despite the fact that she is married, does not want to become a mother at all. Yes, and what can you expect from a woman who was raised in a family devoid of warmth and affection. The author clearly does not like Helen. Of course, she is divinely beautiful, “with a radiant face,” but she is feigned and insincere. Some kind of lifeless, like a doll. The reader understands that Helen does not have a drop of love for Pierre, that their marriage is a mistake, a misfortune, therefore the union is doomed, because the family, according to the author, should be built on mutual respect and love.
Thus, the “family thought” occupies a very important place in the novel, and it sounds something like this: the strength of the state is determined by the strength of the family..
Lesson topic: Happiness is simple. “Family Thought” in L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and world
Purpose of the lesson: show that L.N. Tolstoy in the epic novel “War and Peace”
asserts eternal values– a patriarchal family with relationships built on “goodness and truth” as the basis human life.
Lesson Objectives: a) understand the questions that he poses to himself
“What is real life?”, “What holds a family together?”;
b) improving the ability to conduct a dialogue with the author;
c) strengthening the prestige of the family, the formation of a value system of moral guidelines and ideals.
Equipment: portrait of Leo Tolstoy, text of the epic novel “War and Peace”, song “Parental Home”, epigraph to the lesson: “What is needed for happiness? Quiet family life... with the opportunity to do good to people" (L.N. Tolstoy)
Lesson progress:
1. Opening remarks teachers
“War and Peace” is among the eternal creations bequeathed from century to century. We open the pages of the novel, where Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy contrasts the senselessness and inhumanity of the war of 1805 with the life he called “real.” Peaceful life is not isolated from the “big” history, it has its own “pool of life”, and people are like rivers: each has its own channel, its own source. This source is the home, family, its traditions, way of life.
Today we get to know the family nests of the main characters: the Rostovs; Bezukhov, Kuragin, Bolkonsky, we will visit these families to understand the main issue: "What kind of family life Does Tolstoy think it’s real?” (Write a problematic question in a notebook)
2.Work on the content of the text. Conversation.
Where does the first part of the second volume begin? (Example student answers; they may be structured differently)
The war did not end, but it paused. After the victory at Austerlitz, Napoleon concluded a beneficial peace with Austria and went to Paris, and the Russian troops returned to their homeland, and many officers received leave, including Nikolai Rostov.
What kind of desire is Nikolai Rostov gripped by, what feelings does he experience when approaching his parents’ house?
He’s going on vacation to Moscow, he’s already arrived and thinks: “Soon, soon? Oh, these unbearable streets, shops, rolls, lanterns, cab drivers!” N. Rostov is overwhelmed with an impatient desire to quickly drive up to home. He recognizes with emotion the most ordinary objects and is upset when his long-awaited home stands “motionless, unwelcoming...”. We are so familiar with the feeling that Nikolai experienced a few minutes after his arrival: “Rostov was very happy with the love that was shown to him: but the first minute of his meeting was so blissful that his current happiness seemed not enough to him, and he was still waiting for something again, and again, and again"
- Now draw a conclusion, what does his parents’ home mean to him?
In his parents' house, he - an officer, a grown man - with natural ease re-entered his children's world, he understood “burning his hand with a ruler to show love,” and Natasha’s chatter, and the fact that she tried to put on his boots with spurs, and Sonya spinning around the room - all this, it seemed, was in him all the long months under the cannonballs and bullets, and now here, in my parents’ house, it has come to life and blossomed.
Remember in what situations we meet the Rostov family?
Tell us about your parents. (Student messages)
Standing on the popular point of view, the author considers the mother to be the moral core of the family, and the highest virtue of a woman is the sacred duty of motherhood: “The Countess was a woman with an oriental type thin face, about 45 years old, apparently exhausted by children, of whom she had 12 people. The slowness of her movements and speech, resulting from her weakness of strength, gave her a significant appearance that inspired respect.” The author emphasizes the closeness of mother and daughter with one name - Natalya. Tolstoy also describes the Count with tenderness. Count Rostov greeted all the guests equally cordially... dear or dear, he said to everyone, without exception, without the slightest shade, both above and below him, to the people standing, he laughs with a “sonorous and bassy laugh,” “laughing, he screams...” he is “loose kindness itself.” The hospitable and generous house of the Rostovs cannot but charm the reader. Both in St. Petersburg and in Moscow, the most different people: neighbors in Otradnoye, poor old landowners, Pierre Bezukhov. There is a feeling of selfless cordiality. The life of the Rostovs in the village is even more patriarchal in nature - at Christmas time the serfs dress up and have fun with the masters.
-What is the relationship between parents and children?
These elderly people love each other tenderly and reverently; they have wonderful children. The relationship between parents and children in the Rostov family is built on sincerity of feelings, love, understanding, respect, and trust in each other. The spirit of equality and selflessness dominates in this family. Here they openly rejoice, cry and worry together. The Rostovs are ready to accept and treat anyone: in the family, in addition to their four children, Sonya and Boris Drubetskoy are being raised. Their home is comfortable for both friends and strangers...
Retell the episode “Natasha’s Name Day” (volume 1, part 1, chapters 7-11, 14-17). Retelling and analysis of the episode.
What does this picture add to the characteristics of the Rostov “breed”?
Simplicity and cordiality, natural behavior, cordiality and mutual love in the family, nobility and sensitivity, closeness in language and customs to the people.
Strong students compiled the Rostov family code, they speak in class with creative work, which may include the following items:
a) generous hospitality;
b) respect for each individual;
c) sincerity and mutual understanding between parents and children;
d) openness of soul;
e) all feelings come out;
e) a feeling of patriotism.
We see that the Rostov family lives more by feelings than by head. And Tolstoy loves the Rostov family (as is known, in the person of Nikolai Rostov he portrayed his father), he loves because they good people. I think each of us would be happy living in such a family.
And now we’ll stay a little with the Bolkonskys, in Bald Mountains. Nothing can change the calm, active and measured life of the old princely house in Bald Mountains. “The same hours, and walks along the alleys...” And as always, early in the morning, a majestic little old man in a “velvet fur coat with a sable collar and the same hat” goes out for a walk in the fresh snow. He is old, Prince Bolkonsky, he deserves peace, this calculated life, composed by himself. But this old man did not dream of peace.
What was Nikolai Andreevich thinking about when reading his son’s daily letters?
He probably longed with all his heart to go there, to the Austrian fields, remembered the great Suvorov, dreamed of his Toulon - he is old, but he is alive and full of spiritual strength. Mental, but not physical. You have to come to terms with that; that you cannot easily, as before, jump on a horse and ride under bullets across the enemy. You have to come to terms with the fact that thought does not work as quickly as before, and your strength is diminishing, and there is no place for you where before it seemed impossible without you... He is difficult, this old man, because he cannot come to terms with his helplessness. But, as much as he has the strength, he will be useful to Russia, his son, his daughter.
- What did Prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky want to give to his children??
Long ago, when he was young, strong and active, among the many joys that filled his life were children - Prince Andrei and Princess Marya, whom he loved very much. He was involved in their upbringing and training himself, without trusting or entrusting this to anyone. He wanted to raise his son smart, noble, happy, and his daughter - not like the stupid secular young ladies - but a beautiful woman.
What was his soul aching about?
The son grew up handsome, smart and honest, but this did not make him happy. He went into an incomprehensible life with an unpleasant woman - what remains for the father? Trying to understand my son and take care of his wife: but this is not what I once dreamed of...
His girl also grew up and became a rich bride; he taught her geometry, raised her to be kind and noble, but this will only make life more difficult for her. What does she know about people, what does she understand in life? The daughter looks ugly! But he, like no one else, understands how rich he is spiritual world daughters; he knows how beautiful she can be in moments of great excitement. That is why the arrival and matchmaking of the Kuragins, “this stupid, heartless breed,” is so painful for him. They are not looking for his daughter, but for his wealth, his noble family! And Princess Marya is waiting, worried! He, with his desire to make children truthful and honest, he himself raised Andrei unarmed against Princess Lisa, and Maryu - against Prince Vasily. Today he is alive and saved his daughter, but tomorrow?
What do all the Bolkonskys have in common?
Severity, “dryness,” and pride are the most frequently repeated traits in portraits of father and son. But perhaps the most important thing that unites all the Bolkonskys is the similarity of their eyes, highlighted by Tolstoy: like those of Princess Marya, the same “ beautiful eyes"in Prince Andrei (chapter 25), they also “shone with an intelligent and kind, unusual brilliance,” the intelligent and brilliant eyes of Bolkonsky the father. Aristocratism, pride, intelligence and deep work of thought, the depth of the spiritual world, hidden from the eyes of strangers - these are characteristic features Bolkonsky family. At the moment of the birth of the son of Princess Lisa and Prince Andrei in the Bolkonsky house “there was some kind of general concern, softness of heart and consciousness of something great, incomprehensible, taking place at that moment...”
What are the similarities and differences between the parents and children of the Bolkonskys and Rostovs?
The Bolkonskys, like the Rostovs, have the same mutual love of family members, the same deep cordiality (only hidden), the same naturalness of behavior. The Bolkonsky house and the Rostov house are similar, first of all, in their sense of family, spiritual kinship, and patriarchal way of life.
Against the background of the characteristics of the Rostovs and Bolkonskys, the relationships in the Kuragin family will sound in contrast. How does Vasily Kuragin understand his parental duty?
Vasily Kuragin is the father of three children. He, too, probably doesn’t sleep well at night, thinking for his children, how to help, guide, protect. But for him the concept of happiness has a different meaning than for Prince Bolkonsky. All his dreams come down to one thing: to find a more profitable place for them, to get rid of them. How much effort the magnificent wedding of his daughter Helen, the current Countess Bezukhova, cost Prince Vasily! Having abandoned all his affairs, he looked after and guided the “unlucky” Pierre, assigned him to a chamber cadet, settled him in his house, and when Pierre never made an offer, Prince Vasily put everything on his shoulders and decisively blessed Pierre and Helene. Helen is attached. Ippolit, thank God, is in diplomacy, in Austria - out of danger; but the youngest remains, Anatole, with his dissipation, debts, drunkenness; the idea arose to marry him to Princess Bolkonskaya - one could not wish for anything better. All Kuragins easily endure the shame of matchmaking. Their calmness comes from indifference to everyone except themselves. Pierre will brand their spiritual callousness and meanness: “Where you are, there is debauchery and evil.”
What are the relationships in this family?
There is no place for sincerity and decency in this house. The members of the Kuragin family are connected to each other by a terrible mixture of base instincts and impulses! The mother experiences jealousy and envy towards her daughter; both brothers do not hide their physiological attraction to their sister; the father sincerely welcomes arranged marriages for children, dirty intrigues and bad connections... It seems that the growth of this nest of sins and vices can only be stopped physically - and all three younger Kuragins remain childless. They are alien to Tolstoy: barren flowers! Nothing will be born from them, because in a family one must be able to give others the warmth of the soul and care.
3. Individual performances students (assignments are given in advance)
Describe one of the representatives of each family:
Natasha Rostova
Marya Bolkonskaya
Helen Bezukhova
4. Define in one word the main core of the family:
Rostov family (love)
Bolkonsky family (nobility)
Kuragin family (lie)
5. Answer to the problematic question: “What kind of life does Tolstoy call real?” Reading and analysis of the epigraph.
- Family is one of nature's masterpieces. And Tolstoy brilliantly translated this idea into his novel. The best heroes"War and Peace" is kept in family relationships such moral values who save Russia in a moment of national danger.
- In the epilogue of the novel we see two wonderful families - Natasha and Pierre, Princess Marya and Nikolai. We think that such families were close to the author himself. Almost all of Tolstoy's favorite heroes stand at the origins of the new - third generation. We see the peaceful flow of life - beautiful, full of pure joys and creative works. The epilogue of the novel is Tolstoy’s hymn to the spiritual foundations of the family, like highest form unity between people. It is this kind of life, I think, that Tolstoy calls real.
6. The music of the song “Parents’ House” sounds, the teacher says:
Yes, “the parental home is the beginning, and in everyone’s heart there is a reliable berth.” Each family has its own “beginnings” and understands happiness in its own way. “The real life of people is life with its own essential interests of health, illness, work, rest, with its own interests of thought, science, poetry, music, love, friendship, hatred, passions...” Tolstoy affirms eternal values as the basis of happiness - home, family, love. This is what each of us needs. We all dream of a home where we are loved and welcomed.
I. Why is an epilogue needed in a novel?
“If vicious people are connected with each other and constitute a force, then honest people need to do only the same. It’s so simple”
Remember what kind of life Tolstoy considered real? Life in the world.
How does the peaceful life of the epilogue differ from peaceful life v.2?
As a result of everything they have experienced, the heroes find their place in life, they become closer to the people.
1) Tolstoy unites his two favorite families, the Bolkonskys and the Rostovs..
2) What wisdom did Pierre come to? (epilogue part 1 chapter 16)
3) Where and why Pierre was led by the desire for the unity of all honest people ? (Part 1 Chapter 14)
Secret political society, general troubles in the life of society and the state. It seems to be the same thing that led him to the Freemasons in his time.
4) But the method of action remains the same?
Pierre now sees confrontation with the evil that reigns in the world not only in the cleansing of the heart of every person.
II. Which other characters in the novel become close to folk life, understanding his interests and concerns?
Nikolai Rostov (chapter 7).
What are Political Views Nicholas? (Ch. 14) Which side is Tolstoy on in the dispute? How does he show this?
III. Why did the novel end this way?
If Prince Andrei were alive, would the search for how to live honestly continue, would he come to the secret society? When his son grows up, he will continue his work ( continuity of generations).
IV. When was the novel finished? (1869)
What is still a very pressing question? - “Who can live well in Rus'?”
1. State of the People.
2. Woman's position(novels by Turgenev, plays by Ostrovsky).
V. Does Tolstoy answer these questions in his novel? Or does he leave them aside?
1) The peasant question: your own view.
People - main strength history, but he glosses over the contradictions between the master and the peasant, he believes that peace, harmony, harmony between the master and the peasant are possible where the master is good ( Rostov, uncle in Otradnoye, Rostov the owner- Chapter 7).
- What about Nikolai’s political views? Whose side is Nikolenka on? (Ch. 16)
2) Your view on the purpose of a woman.
a) How do Turgenev, Chernyshevsky, for example, solve this issue?
And Tolstoy? (ch. 10)
b) According to Tolstoy, the purpose of a woman is family, motherhood.
With love and respect he draws Natasha the mother in the epilogue, who understanding and respect refers to Pierre's affairs. In a dispute with Nikolai, she is Pierre's ally. And if Pierre suffers the fate of the Decembrist, she will share his fate.
D/z: Prepare for an essay on topics.