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1 Direction “EXPERIENCE AND MISTAKES” Methodological recommendations for preparing for writing the final essay
2 Official comment Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to discuss the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
3 Methodological recommendations “Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high.
4 Speaking about the mistakes made by heroes, it should be noted that it is incorrect decision made, an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also the most fatally affect the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.
5 Aphorisms and sayings famous people You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle In all matters we can learn only by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper
6 He who thinks that he will not make mistakes if others think for him is deeply mistaken. Aurelius Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld Make the most of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein
7 Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper
8 As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works.
9 F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion.
10 M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Heroes are so different works They are making a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but it turns out the other way around: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”
11 Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, while organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about the only thing loved one. And only after hearing kind words gratitude “for caring for a person,” the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”
12 M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is energetic, smart man, but he cannot find application for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.
13 Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them, his own experience doesn't teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding of what he is destroying human lives(“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, thereby making himself unhappy.
14 L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov.
15 M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don" Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people, makes them evaluate their life mistakes, you can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “my hands need to plow.” Home and family are valuable. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. Already sophisticated life experience a person understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.
16 M.A. Bulgakov " Heart of a Dog" If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing some phenomenon experimentally, creating something new in certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on the rejuvenation of the body in people” can hardly be called fully successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.
17 Having analyzed his mistake, the professor understands that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge. Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.
18 V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.
19 For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but first of all because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots.
20 In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.
21 SOURCES notebook sheets sch&sa=x&ved=0ahukewjo5t7kkkdpahxkeywkhc7sb- IQ_AUICSgC&biw=1352&bih=601#newwindow=1&tbm=isch&q=%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D+%D0%B B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0% BE %D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF&imgrc=QhIRugc5LIJ5EM%3A compass NnLSuuXI/AAAAAAAAAGPA/28bVRUfkvKg/s1600/essay-clipart _04a.jpg student of the book Methodological recommendations for preparing for writing the final essay in 2016/2017 academic year for teachers of Russian language and literature Stavropol, p. Compiler of the presentation, teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU Secondary School 8, Mozdok, North Ossetia-Alania Pogrebnyak N.M.
Official comment: “Experience and mistakes” Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path of knowledge
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Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: “To err is human.” Indeed, on life path we are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what can we say about other people’s mistakes? Can they teach us anything?
It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unequivocally. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back at which it is impossible to move forward. For example, international rules of war, prohibiting brutal methods of combat, were developed and refined after the bloodiest wars... The rules we are familiar with traffic- this is also the result of road mistakes that have claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which saves thousands of people today, became possible only thanks to the persistence of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.
On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars and revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.
In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on your own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores the mistakes of others or takes them into account. Let us remember the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, and human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, not taking into account the sad experience of the Great french revolution. It turns out that Evgeniy is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglect universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov dies because “nihilism” is a path to nowhere.
But main character A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save your life, you need to learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly prisoners who “lower themselves” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despises, notes to himself: “He won’t live out his term. He doesn’t know how to pose himself.”. What allows Shukhov to make such a bitter conclusion? Probably observing the mistakes of other camp inmates, like Fetyukov, who became “jackals.”
It turns out that the ability to learn from other people’s mistakes is not characteristic of everyone and not everyone life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experiences of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.
Prepared the material creator online SAMARUS school.
Life - long haul to perfection. Everyone goes through it on their own. This means that he grows up on his own, gets acquainted with the changes that occur inside a person, gets to know the world with its unpredictable course of history, like the movement of atmospheric masses. But humanity does not want to learn from the mistakes of previous generations, and stubbornly steps on the same rake again and again.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” took a painfully long time to create. Tragic story several generations of one family caught in a whirlpool of terrible destructive events gives an idea of the mistakes that lead to the collapse and death of almost all members of the Melekhov family. Dictionary gives the concept of the word error:
unintentional deviation from right actions, actions, thoughts.
I think the key word in this definition is “unintentional.” No one wants to make mistakes on purpose, to spite everyone and everything. Most often, when a person makes a mistake, he is confident that he is right. This is what Grigory Melekhov does. Throughout the entire novel, he does everything somehow “out of his mind.” Against a reasonable, logical refusal of love for the married Aksinya, he achieves a reciprocal feeling:
He persistently, with brutal persistence, courted her.
When the father decides to marry his son to a girl from a wealthy family, without having any feelings for Natalya, only obeying the will of Pantelei Prokofich, Grigory makes another mistake. Returning to Aksinya, then abandoning her, returning to Natalya, Grigory rushes between two differently beloved women. The mistake ends in tragedy for both: one dies from an abortion, the other dies from a bullet. So it is in determining his path in the revolution: he seeks harmony, highest truth, truths, but does not find them anywhere. And the transition from the Reds to the Cossacks, and then to the Whites, new transition to the Reds also does not bring him freedom, justice, or harmony. “Blessed is he who visited our world in fatal moments,” F.I. Tyutchev once said. Gregory - a saint in a soldier's overcoat - a great warrior who so passionately desired peace, but did not find it, because such was his lot...
But the hero of the novel by A.S. Pushkin, Evgeny Onegin, acquired a wealth of experience in communicating with girls and women. “How early he could be a hypocrite, harbor hope, be jealous...” - and always achieve his goal. But experience played a cruel joke on him. Having met true love, he did not give in to the “dear habit”; he did not want to lose “his hateful freedom.” And Tatyana married someone else. Onegin, not finding a modest village girl in a society lady, saw the light! The attempt to return Tatyana ends in failure for him. And he was so confident in himself, in the correctness of his actions, his choice.
No one is immune from mistakes. As we live our lives, we will make mistakes again and again. And when we gain experience, perhaps we will lose all interest in life. Everyone makes their own choice: deliberately makes another mistake or sits quietly in their refuge and calmly enjoys the experience...
Official comment
Within the scope of the direction it is possible
reasoning about the value of spiritual and
practical experience of individual
individuals, people, humanity as a whole,
about the cost of mistakes on the way to understanding the world,
gaining life experience.
Literature often makes you think
about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about
experience in preventing errors, about
mistakes, without which it is impossible
movement along the path of life, and about
irreparable, tragic mistakes.
“Experience and mistakes” is the direction in which
to a lesser extent it implies a clear
opposition of two polar concepts,
After all, without mistakes there is and cannot be experience.
A literary hero, making mistakes,
analyzing them and thereby gaining experience,
changes, improves, takes the path
spiritual and moral development. Giving
assessment of the characters' actions, reader
gains invaluable life experience,
and literature becomes a real textbook
life, helping not to commit your own
mistakes, the cost of which can be very
high. Speaking of things done by heroes
errors, it should be noted that
wrong decision
an ambiguous act can
influence not only life
individual, but also the most
have a fatal impact on
the destinies of others. In literature we
we meet such tragic
mistakes that affect destinies
entire nations. It is in these aspects
you can approach the analysis of this
thematic direction. Aphorisms and sayings
famous people
You shouldn't be timid for fear of making mistakes,
the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself
experience.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues
You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing
there is only one way, that's why the first
easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult
hit the target.
Aristotle
In all matters we can only learn
by trial and error, falling into error and
correcting himself.
Karl Raymund Popper Anyone who thinks that
he won't make a mistake if they support him
think others.
Aurelius Markov
We easily forget our mistakes when
they are known only to us alone.
Francois de La Rochefoucauld
Learn from every mistake.
Ludwig Wittgenstein Shyness may be appropriate
everywhere, but not in the matter of recognition
your mistakes.
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
It is easier to find error than truth.
Johann Wolfgang Goethe
In all matters we can learn
only by trial and error,
falling into error and being corrected.
Karl Raymund Popper As
support in their
reasoning
Can
contact
next
works. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".
Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and
admitting to what he has done, does not fully realize
least of all the tragedy of what he committed
crime, does not admit the error of his
theory, he only regrets that he could not transgress,
that he cannot now count himself among
chosen ones. And only in hard labor with my soul
the exhausted hero does not just repent
(he repented, admitting to the murder), and
takes the difficult path of repentance. Writer
emphasizes that a person who recognizes his
mistakes, capable of change, he is worthy
forgiveness and needs help and compassion. M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man"
K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
The heroes of such different works commit
a similar fatal mistake, which we regret
I’ll be there all my life, but I’ll fix it already, by
Unfortunately, they won't be able to do anything. Andrey Sokolov,
leaving for the front, he pushes away the woman hugging him
the hero's wife is irritated by her tears, he gets angry,
believing that she is “burying him alive,” but comes out
everything is the other way around: he returns, and the family
dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him,
and now he blames himself for every little thing and with
with inexpressible pain he says: “Until death,
until my last hour, I will die, and not
I’ll forgive myself for pushing her away then!” Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about
lonely old age. Abandoned by her own daughter
Grandma Katerina writes: “My beloved, this winter will not
I'll survive. Come at least for a day. Let me look at
you, hold your hands." But Nastya calms me down
himself with the words: “If the mother writes, it means she is alive.” Thinking
about strangers, organizing an exhibition of young
sculptor, daughter forgets about her only relative
person. And only after hearing warm words
gratitude “for caring for a person”, heroine
remembers that she has a telegram in her purse:
“Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance sets in
too late: “Mom! How could this happen?
After all, I have no one in my life. No and there won't be
dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me,
If only I could forgive you." The daughter arrives, but forgiveness
there is no one to ask anymore. The bitter experience of the main characters
teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “until
it's too late." M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". in succession
The hero of the novel M.Yu. also makes mistakes in his life.
Lermontov. Grigory Alexandrovich Pechorin
belongs to the young people of his era who
disappointed in life.
Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me.
person: one lives in the full sense of the word,
another thinks and judges him." Lermontov's character
– an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find
application of your mind, your knowledge. Pechorin –
cruel and indifferent egoist, because he
causes misfortune to everyone with whom he interacts, and he is not
worries about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky
called him a "suffering egoist" because
Grigory Alexandrovich blames himself for his
actions, he is aware of his actions, experiences and
nothing brings him satisfaction. Grigory Alexandrovich is very smart and
a reasonable person, he knows how to admit
his mistakes, but wants to teach
others to confess their own, as, for example, he
kept trying to push Grushnitsky to
admitted his guilt and wanted to resolve them
dispute peacefully.
The hero realizes his mistakes, but does nothing
does in order to correct them, his
his own experience teaches him nothing. Despite
that Pechorin has absolute
understanding that it destroys human
life (“destroys the lives of peaceful
smugglers", through his fault Bela dies and
etc.), the hero continues to “play” with destinies
others, making himself unhappy. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If
Lermontov's hero, realizing his
mistakes, couldn't get on the path
spiritual and moral
improvement, then beloved
to Tolstoy's heroes, acquired
experience helps you become better. At
considering the topic in this aspect
you can refer to the analysis
images of A. Bolkonsky and P.
Bezukhova. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Talking about how
the experience of military battles changes people,
makes you evaluate your life
mistakes, you can turn to the image of Gregory
Melekhova. Fighting now on the side of the whites, now on
side of the Reds, he understands how monstrous
injustice around, and he himself commits
mistakes, gains military experience and makes
the most important conclusions in my life: “...to my
“You have to plow with your hands.” Home, family – that’s the value. A
any ideology that pushes people to kill -
error. Already wise with life experience
a person understands that the main thing in life is not war,
and the son who greets you at the doorstep of the house. Costs
note that the hero admits that he was wrong.
This is precisely the reason for his repeated
throwing from white to red. M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk
about experience as a “reproduction procedure”
some phenomenon experimental
by creating something new in
certain conditions for the purpose of research",
then the practical experience of the professor
Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of
survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently about
its influence on the rejuvenation of the body in people"
can hardly be called completely successful.
From a scientific point of view, it is very successful.
Professor Preobrazhensky conducts
unique operation. Scientific result
turned out to be unexpected and impressive, but
in everyday life, it led to the most
disastrous consequences. After analyzing his mistake, Professor
understands that the dog was much
“more humane” than P.P. Sharikov. So
Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid
Sharikov's hybrid is more of a failure than
victory of Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself
understands this: “Old donkey... Here, doctor, what
it turns out when the researcher, instead of
to walk parallel and groping with nature,
forces the question and lifts the veil: on,
get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip
Filippovich comes to the conclusion that
violent interference with nature
of man and society leads to
disastrous results. V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera".
Talking about mistakes, irreparable and
bringing suffering not only to everyone
individual, but also the people in
In general, you can also refer to the indicated
stories by a twentieth-century writer. It's not easy
a work about the loss of a home, but
and how wrong decisions lead to
followed by disasters that
will definitely affect life
society as a whole. For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the crash,
the collapse of a nation, people, country begins with
family breakdown. And the reason for this is tragic
error that progress
much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye
your home. And not in the hearts of youth
remorse.
Senior wise with life experience
generation does not want to leave their native island
because he cannot appreciate all the benefits
civilization, and above all because for these
conveniences require giving to Matera, that is, betraying
your past. And the suffering of the elderly is the one
an experience that each of us must learn.
A person cannot, should not refuse
their roots. In discussions on this topic, one can
refer to history and themes
disasters that resulted from
is an “economic” activity
person.
Rasputin's story is not easy
a story about great construction projects, this
tragic experience of previous
generations for the edification of us, people of the XXI
century. SOURCES
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Methodological recommendations for preparing for writing the final essay in 2016/2017
academic year for teachers of Russian language and literature - Stavropol, 2016. - 46 p.
The author of the presentation is a teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU Secondary School No. 8, Mozdok, RSO-Alania, Pogrebnyak N.M.
Official comment Within the framework of the direction, it is possible to discuss the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
Conceptual processing Ozhegov's dictionary: “Experience is a reflection in the minds of people of the laws of the objective world and social practice, obtained as a result of their active practical knowledge. The body of knowledge and practically acquired skills and abilities." “An error is an incorrectness in actions and thoughts.”
Methodological recommendations Experiences/mistakes can be associated with events in the life of the country, the world, with the clash of a person with society, with a person’s struggle with himself. It must be remembered that experience and mistakes are not opposed to each other; they are difficult to separate. Making a mistake can be a very valuable learning experience.
Let's try to guess what problems may arise in the formulation of topics in the direction of “Experience and errors”. These problems are formulated in the commentary to the direction.
Problems The value of a person’s spiritual and practical experience. The price of mistakes on the path to understanding the world and gaining life experience. The relationship between experience and mistakes. Experience as an opportunity to prevent errors. Impossibility of moving forward without mistakes. Tragic and irreparable mistakes. Ability/inability to admit and correct mistakes. Experiences and mistakes of generations of fathers and sons.
Aphorisms and sayings of famous people You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle In all matters we can learn only by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raymund Popper
He who thinks that he will not make mistakes if others think for him is deeply mistaken. Aurelius Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld Make the most of every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein
Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and correcting ourselves. Karl Raymund Popper
As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works. 1. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” 2. A. Pushkin " Captain's daughter" ; "Eugene Onegin". 3. M. Lermontov “Masquerade”; "Hero of Our Time". 4. I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”; "Spring Waters"; " Noble nest". 5. F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. 6. L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”; "Anna Karenina"; "Resurrection". 7. A. Chekhov “About Love”. 8. I. Bunin “Mr. from San. Francisco" ; " Dark alleys". 9. M. A. Kuprin “Olesya”; " Garnet bracelet» .
10. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”; "Fatal Eggs". 11. M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, “Quiet Don”. 12. V. Kaverin “Two Captains”. 13. K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram” 14. A. Aleksin “Mad Evdokia”. 15. B. Ekimov “Speak, mother, speak.” 16. V. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera” 17. Jack London “Martin Eden”.
Understanding the issues raised in literary works within the framework of the “Experience and Errors” direction, allows you to formulate possible topics essays. How do mistakes and experience relate to each other? Do you agree with the opinion that the source of our wisdom is our experience? Is it possible to gain life experience without mistakes? How do you understand the saying “Experience is the best teacher, but the tuition is too high”? Experience teaches only those who learn from it. How to deal with the mistakes we make along the path of life? The wisdom of people is measured not by their experience, but by their capacity for experience. Do you agree that the ability to admit mistakes shows a person's strength?
Can every mistake be corrected? Is A. Pushkin’s statement true that experience is “the son of difficult mistakes” and that such experience prepares us for new discoveries? Why do you need to analyze your mistakes? Do you agree that mistakes are the basis of life experience? What does the reading experience add to the life experience? How do you understand the saying “Living life is not a field to cross”? What kind of life can be considered not lived in vain? Should you always admit your own mistakes? He who does nothing never makes mistakes. Mistakes are a common bridge between experience and wisdom. Let's try to guess what problems may arise in the formulation of topics in the direction of “Experience and errors”. These problems are formulated in the commentary to the direction.
Bank of arguments F. M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion.
M. A. Sholokhov “The Fate of a Man”, K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. The heroes of so many different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but the opposite happens: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”
The story of K. G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands." But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only relative. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring about a person,” the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon". Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”
M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”. The hero of the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find use for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V. G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.
Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers”, Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, which makes himself unhappy .
L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov.
M. A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”. Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “... my hands need to plow.” Home, family – that’s the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.
M. A. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”. If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called completely successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.
Having analyzed his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov. Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: “Old donkey. . . This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with your porridge.” Filippovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results.
V. G. Rasputin “Farewell to Matera”. When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole.
For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family. And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because for these conveniences they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots.
In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.
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