Body
Body: general principles
The simplest body has a skeletal structure. The idea is to try to add volume to a drawn flat image.
Let's try to place the character in a cube, the base of which will be the area under the soles of the feet.
One of the most complex tasks When drawing the body is drawing in perspective. Using a cube around your character can help you do this.
Human skeleton and its structure
Let's take a look at the human skeleton and try to draw it.
Drawing the lower part of the skeleton will allow you to show more natural body movement by conveying body rotation and weight distribution.
Drawing with blocks
Imagine that the joints and stomach are spheres. When drawing occurs through the use of shapes and spheres, the future outlines of the muscles are immediately determined. In addition, this way you can feel the three-dimensional structure of the body.
Look carefully at how the collarbone is attached.
Pay attention to the angle of the shoulders and their projection, visible from the selected view.
If you can't imagine the projection of the shoulders on the other side, just use a 3D surface to indicate the shape.
Female body in blocks
The blocks are just guide lines used for your convenience. So don't get hung up on drawing them.
Pay attention to drawing the sides. Men's hamstrings are usually drawn longer, while women's hamstrings are shorter and flow more quickly into the thighs.
Do you want to draw well? You should always be aware of the invisible parts of the body you are drawing.
Drawing movement
When it is necessary to draw a human body in motion, the central line of the spine and the curve of movement are taken as a basis. The center line separates the right and left side body, thereby creating a balancing state. It goes both in front and behind.
Pay special attention to the movement in the waist area.
Draw the center line on visible side bodies.
Picture the center line as running along the direction the character is moving. It may well be that the center line on the visible side of the body will coincide with the curve of movement.
Using a motion curve will help you draw the correct body position and make it easier to work with the character's movements.
Drawing from the corner
Very large number poses can be drawn using the shape method, however the best option there will be a combination of viewing angle and skeletal method.
It will be easier to draw if you base the pose on the position of the spine.
Standard form man's body
Below are the most important things to remember when drawing the male body.
- Watch the position of the elbow when the hand is at its highest point.
- Consider the radius of movement of the elbow and shoulder.
- Correct placement of the clavicle and sternum muscles.
- The trapezius (muscle) contracts and tenses when moving.
- The area of the sternum coincides with the area of narrowing of the arms.
- The crotch has a small gap between the thighs when the legs are together, and when the legs are apart the gap increases, but never draw the crotch as shown in the picture above (bottom, small).
When you can't decide on the length of your arms horizontal position use a guide line. This will make it easier to show the length of the arm parts. Another way to represent the length of the deltoid is by adding a little length of the biceps and the hinge (elbow).
Now let's look from the back
The muscles on the side in which the tilt is performed are compressed.
- On the other side, the muscles, on the contrary, stretch.
- If you look at the shoulder blades from a slightly different position, they look very much like a face. Try to use this interesting feature.
- Deformation of a body always occurs when it moves (tilts, turns).
- The shoulder blades rise when the arm goes up.
Now let's take a side view
Remember that standard size brushes - the character's face. The brush should cover it almost completely in height.
The length of the forearm is equal to the length of 1 and a half heads. The length of the rest is 2 heads.
The length of the foot is equal to one head and this length also includes the length of the toes.
The shoulders can move back and forth, but only slightly.
When the body is tilted, the shoulders drop and move forward.
On the other hand, when the body is tilted backward, the shoulders also move backward.
Difference between male and female body
Women have narrower shoulders and chests, but women's pelvis is larger than men's.
- The female pelvic bone reaches the navel and the waist line also crosses the navel. Highest point The pelvic bone crosses the line of the navel.
- The male body is based on an inverted triangle shape, while the female body is more rounded and resembles a bowling pin.
Proportions
Body proportion is determined by the number of heads that will fit into his height, so first you have to ask yourself how many heads your character will be.
More detailed information for all points of this lesson you can get from the rest of the lessons of this
So, we have here disassembled male and female mannequins. female body(Fig. 1). There are few differences between the two sexes: guys are usually muscular (I drew a feminine guy >_>), they have a longer torso than women, they also have tougher and rougher skin, and girls have a curved spine.
Now, the neck. A few things not to do. The neck starts from the ears (Fig. 2), you see dotted lines? Those angles in the head are always parallel. The muscles run from the ears to the hollow of the neck - this always gives a nice look (Fig. 3).
In Figure 3 you can see the collarbone - this gives a sense of realism.
Look at the picture on the right - this is the location of the tonsils in the neck: the guy’s upper part is much larger and thus we get an Adam’s apple. In girls, the lower part is not entirely noticeable (Fig. 4).
I think the front and back views speak for themselves (Figures 5a and 5b), so let's draw a straight line that goes down along the torso, helping you find the center line. The dimple on the neck is the middle of the base. Anterior view: dimple on the neck, base of the ribs and up to the navel. Posterior view: along the spine, along the spine to the chakra triangle. You need to remember these points: guys are very straight, while girls have a concave torso shape.
To avoid sexual attraction when you draw breasts, think of them as balloons filled with water; believe it or not, they are subject to gravity and will therefore move with the body (Fig. 6a, 6b, 6c) .
When the arms are raised, the biceps are tense and clearly visible; when the arms are straightened and tense, the triceps are under influence (Fig. 7a). Look at your own hands and you will see different shapes forearms visible from top and side. When the arm is straight, dimples appear on each side of the elbow (Fig. 7b)
Bring your full attention to your knee as you take a step back. It's all because of the kneecap. Do you see 2 lines on the turn of the knee (Fig. 8a, b, c)? This is where the muscles begin and work upward and leave this look. It's very fun to draw legs.
Here are the disassembled parts of the body (Fig. 9). Break the torso down into the rib cage and pelvis. Use circles for all connections of the torso sockets into the rib cage and into the pelvic part with the joints. This is the most easy way to work. Try different poses.
In this part you learned how to draw a figure. It's not so hard if you know what follows what and what is needed.
These are just some of my sketches notebook(Fig. 10). I do this all the time when I pick up a pencil. You should too!! Well okay, I hope this was helpful.
Female body
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I want to start this lesson by answering one of the most asked questions - how to draw female breast. (I never thought that I would actually do a lesson on this topic.... ^_^). One of the most important things here is to make the subject look natural; you can draw an attractive girl without turning her into a silicone doll, like one of my friends did ^_^ |
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The two main problems people have when drawing breasts are their shape and proper placement. Many artists (both pros and beginners) make them look like balloons, pressed into the chest; it's very naturalistic. If you look at various drawing books, you will see that breasts look more like halves of spheres, or upside-down cups, than balloons. Okay, now the location. Imagine a line that runs down the center of the body, from top to bottom. The breasts are located at a 45 degree angle to this line, and are approximately halfway across the chest (shown by the red diagonal lines). Make sure they are not too close or too far apart, or too high; these are the most common mistakes. As you can see from the examples, the 45 degree breast position rule applies to all poses and character types. |
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Here's another pose. Notice that the breasts are still at a 45 degree angle. Yes, also pay attention to the shadows. Browsing various examples and samples, I came to the conclusion that such shadows look best (at least better than shadows, like on a simple ball, following the lower border). |
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Here is the last picture showing the correct shape and placement of the bust. The breasts are again at a 45 degree angle, although it's harder to see here (because I didn't draw the red lines, forgive me for that ^_^;). Note that the left breast is drawn as a hemisphere rather than a full sphere. If you want to exaggerate the size, that's up to you, but personally I think it's not necessary. |
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Let's now deal with the shoulders and neck. When drawing the shoulders, pay attention that they are not flat, their slope is very smooth. Try to understand the structure of the neck and shoulder muscles, especially if you want to learn how to draw them more realistically. You need to draw them softly, like fabric, and not like brick. |
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Here are some more examples shoulder girdle. Notice that the shoulders are never drawn straight and boring. |
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Another thing I would like to mention about the shoulders and the torso in general is how to draw them when the arm is raised up. ^_^ I sometimes find this a little difficult, so let's look at it together. When the arm is raised, we see a piece of the back of the back, the latissimus muscle. Don't make your upper torso too narrow. Note that the outline of the right breast does not continue to curve at the top in the form of a circle; remember that the chest is not shaped like a complete sphere, it is attached by muscles to the shoulder. |
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Let's turn our attention to our hands. The arm consists of three parts: the shoulder, forearm and hand. Each of them can be roughly depicted as ovals. Although I know people who don't like to do this; well, then you just need to learn how to draw a hand correctly right away. Some books advise building the arm from cylinders, but I prefer flat ovals; they better, in my opinion, convey its shape. This is not visible here, but if the hand is freely lowered, then the fingertips reach the middle of the thigh. Elbows should be at waist level. |
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Now that we've got the simplified hand shape figured out, let's improve it and make it look more natural. This is, of course, a little more difficult. ^_^ When drawing an arm, don't make it perfectly straight, it has muscles, after all! ^_^ Never draw an outstretched arm as a single cylinder (unless you are going for a chibi style). ^_^ The arm grows from the shoulder. It has very smooth curves. On the way to the elbow, the arm narrows slightly. Then it expands again, where the biceps are located (as seen in the top picture). The elbow itself can be difficult to draw. Remember that this is not just a place where the arm bends, it is a joint, a hinge (look at the pictures). You don't have to look far for examples. |
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A few more examples, this time showing bent arms. Sometimes it's easier to portray bent arm, or a hand in perspective, if you use the simplest shapes (ovals or cylinders), but this is purely individual: if you don’t want to, don’t use them. Look how in the top picture the hand becomes thinner as it moves away from the viewer. |
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Drawing these poses clearly can be difficult at first. It is very important to pay more attention how exactly different parts of the arm look at you, and how the elbow is positioned. Imagine an arm made up of two parts: a cylindrical upper arm and a forearm, somewhat similar to a bowling pin with a ball at the bottom. ^_^ This will help you imagine what the elbow should look like. |
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Another challenge for artists is their feet. It is very difficult to give them the correct shape (especially if you don’t constantly practice, like I do... ^_^;) Just like arms, you don’t need to make them absolutely even and straight, like cylinders. It is better to use ovals because they better convey the shape of the hips and legs. The upper part of the leg is always thicker and rounder than the lower part. When drawing the legs, start with the thick base of the thigh, then gradually taper the leg towards the knee. Like the elbow, the knee cannot be neglected; this is the junction and needs to be drawn, because the real leg is not made of rubber. ^_^ The knee forms a convexity to the side; the leg doesn't just go from bottom to top straight. The muscles on the lower legs, especially the calves, should protrude slightly. |
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Here you see a few more poses. I didn't draw the auxiliary ovals here because I forgot, but you should still be able to visually highlight them. Again, I want to focus on the knees, especially in the lower pictures. When the leg is bent, the knee is drawn as a flat surface. I shaded these legs to give you a feel for their shape. The examples in drawing books are much more detailed, but since we don't often see every bone and muscle in an anime character's legs, I won't go into them. ^_^ In the right picture you can see how the calves overlap part of the thighs. In the rest of the examples here, notice how the lower legs are hidden behind the upper legs. |
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Okay, now you can draw the heroine from the front. But what if you need to depict her from behind? Now I'll tell you. ^_^ I wasn't actually going to write about this, but since a lot of anime girls are drawn from behind in swimsuits or tight suits, it's important. Hmmm... I don't even know what to say; just be careful how you connect your legs to your body. More details about this in part 3 of this lesson. If you need additional information, get a book by Burne Hogarth. He has several pages about it there. -_^ |
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Okay, now that we've already gone over all the basic details individually, let's put all our knowledge together and try to draw the whole body. :) When you draw your character, you can start with basic ovals and circles, or immediately try to draw a ready-made version; as you like. If you are using basic shapes, notice that the body (torso and pelvis) is made up of two components that taper towards the waist. I'm not going to focus too much on this. ^_^ The body, like the head, should be built around a central guide line. (as shown in the picture.) This line represents the character's spine and will determine the heroine's pose. Also notice how the line bends slightly at the pelvis: this is because her weight is transferred to the left leg, which makes the pose more interesting. The body can be roughly divided into halves, as shown in the figure with red lines. You can use this technique almost anywhere where you need to determine the length of your legs. In anime and manga, the length of the legs is usually exaggerated, which makes the character more expressive. |
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When drawing the middle part, do not forget that the body is shaped like an hourglass. Anime girls usually have thin shoulders, thin waist And rounded hips. Be careful to keep all lines looking natural. Once you become proficient in drawing the figure, you can afford to exaggerate the proportions and sizes a little. |
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Here is the same pose, only from the side. I find side view images a little more challenging than front view images, so I spent a lot of time looking for clear examples. ^_^ The body is built from the same basic shapes, only now rotated 90 degrees. Determine the angle of the upper body. It's not entirely visible here, but the collarbone should stick out slightly at the front as you move down the neck. After this, the body curve is a straight diagonal line all the way to the breasts (remember that breasts are not beach balls for you, but halves of spheres!) Then the torso line continues to “move out” a little forward, to the very bottom rib (there is usually a tubercle there). This is approximately one head's distance (or a little more) from the shoulder line. Next comes a slightly retracted stomach. Something else worth noting close attention- this is the shape of the legs (the hips in the back are flatter than in the front) and buttocks (do not exaggerate their size too much). |
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At the end of this lesson, I will show you a pose from behind (which you will probably have to learn to draw if you want to be able to draw manga at all ^_^). As before, the figure can be divided into two approximately equal parts vertically. Here we need to take a closer look at the neck; it attaches to the back of the skull and hides part of the head. The middle part of the body should be in the shape of an hourglass, but again, do not try to exaggerate the shape, you must first understand basic rules before moving away from them. There is no need to make your butt too big, there is no reason for this. Be careful when drawing the hands; From behind, the elbows usually look more prominent. |
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Well, the lesson on drawing the female body is complete. I hope you have understood some of the basics of this difficult task, and can now draw your characters in full size. :) |
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Step 1: The shoulders are at a distance of one and a half heads from the top. Also, like the hips, they are usually two heads wide. The beginning of the hips is three heads down. |
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Step2: HANDS LEGS |
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Step 3: Let's fill our dummy with flesh. You need to be able to draw cylinders and ovals well to do this. Learn the muscle groups to understand how to draw arms and legs (or better yet, read the lesson written by Julia Dillon). The breasts are located approximately in the middle of the upper body. A good model to study would be from "Black Magic" by artist Masamune Shirow. It shows a female figure broken down into basic shapes. She really helped me put this lesson together. Well, let's start putting our sketch in order. We take the “nag” in our hands (more about it in the lesson - approx. per.) and erase all the unnecessary lines. The better we do this, the easier it will be in the future. |
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Step 4: I gradually begin to refine her flesh-filled silhouette. A crumpling eraser (“nag”) works well for me with this, turning a sloppy sketch into a clean drawing. I go over the paper with it, correct any mistakes I made and prepare the work for tracing. There's nothing worse than inking a dirty and untidy sketch! |
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Step 5: And here it is circled! Not my best ink work, but not bad either. Then I put the drawing into the scanner and colored it in the computer This lesson is designed to show you how to build a body. Now try, using the knowledge you have acquired, to depict characters in various poses. |
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Before you draw, you should think about the draft. It is necessary to reflect on questions about the pose of the character, is the character a fanart or an original. If this is an original, then do you know the character’s style, his hairstyle, type of clothing. Although personally, I rarely think about all this. But the main thing is to think about the pose. |
| Step 1:
I decided to put her in this proud, determined position. Hands on hips and one foot covering the other. I always start with a circle for the head, chest and a line for the hips. The shoulders should be small, because we are drawing an anime girl. Believe me, all these lines are really important and they really help. Moreover, they will simply help you place the character on the sheet. The line in the circle will show me which way the character is facing; it defines the center. |
| Step 2:
After drawing the frame, I begin to fit it. I usually start with the breasts because that's really important when drawing a girl, but it's best to know when to stop. Imagine that the breasts are two cups that protrude from the chest. Although if you draw in hentai style, then size restrictions are clearly not for you. The green arrow will show you how I use simple lines to depict the collarbone. |
| Step 3:
Look. This set of feet, rendered in 3D software, will do a great job of showing you some of the highlights. |
| Step 4:
When I start to like the drawing, I remove all unnecessary lines - they have done their job. This is where I really advise against using an eraser on the end of your pencil. |
| Step 5:
Then we move on to clothes. I've jotted down a few questions you can ask yourself to determine your clothing style. 1. Are the clothes based on real things or are they made up? You cannot escape the influence of society, so it is better if you decide. This way the clothes will be uniform, and not colorful and tasteless. I chose a simple shirt and shorts. The shirt is not fitted, so there are folds. Many people have problems with this, but they can all be solved by simple observation or reflection (again, you need to think spatially and imagine the influence of gravitational forces on clothing). Since her belly button is exposed, I decided to draw a light line on her belly for effect. Real people they don’t have one, but we’re drawing an anime girl... |
| Step 6:
Once I was happy with the details, I detailed my drawing and tweaked it. You need to erase all the blots and, if necessary, transfer the drawing to another sheet. Next comes the coloring. Here you can choose any style you like: from watercolor paints and a computer to a simple pencil. |
Head:
We draw a figure that resembles an egg turned upside down. This figure is called OVOID.
Divide it vertically and horizontally exactly in half with thin lines.
Vertical
line is the axis of symmetry (it is needed so that the right and left parts
turned out to be equal in size and the image elements were not on
at different levels).
Horizontal - the line where the eyes are located. We divide it into five equal parts.
The second and fourth parts contain the eyes. The distance between the eyes is also equal to one eye.
The figure below shows how to draw an eye (the iris and pupil will be
are not completely visible - they are partially covered by the upper eyelid), but we are in no hurry
to do this, first let's finish our sketch. 
Divide the part from the eye line to the chin into two - this is the line on which the nose will be located.
We divide the part from the eye line to the crown into three equal parts. The top mark is the line where the hair grows) 
We also divide the part from the nose to the chin into three parts. The top mark is the lip line.
Distance from upper eyelid to the tip of the nose is equal to the distance from the top edge of the ear to the bottom. 
Now we make our standard preparation cry in three streams.
Lines,
drawn from the outer edges of the eyes will indicate to us the place where to draw the neck.
The lines from the inner edges of the eyes are the width of the nose. Lines drawn in an arc from
the center of the pupils is the width of the mouth.
When you color the image, notice that the convex parts of it
parts (forehead, cheeks, nose and chin) will be lighter, and the eye sockets, cheekbones,
the contour of the face and the area under the lower lip are darker.
The shape of the face, eyes, eyebrows, lips, nose, ears and
etc. Every person is different. Therefore, when drawing someone's portrait, try
see these features and apply them to a standard workpiece.
Another example of how everyone's facial features are different.
Well, here we see how to draw a face in profile and half a turn - the so-called “three quarters”
At
When drawing a face in half a turn, you need to take into account the rules
perspective - the far eye and the far side of the lip will appear smaller.
Let's go to the image human figures.
In order to depict the body as correctly as possible, you need, as when drawing portraits, to know a few secrets:
The unit of measurement for the human body is “head length”.
- The average height of a person is 7.5 times the length of his head.
- Men, naturally, are usually a little taller than women.
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We, of course, begin to draw the body from the very head that we will be
measure everything. Did you draw it? Now we put its length down another seven times.
This will be the growth of the person depicted.
- The width of the shoulders is equal to two head lengths for men and one and a half lengths for women.
- At the place where the third head ends :), there will be a navel and the arm will bend at the elbow.
- The fourth is the place where the legs grow.
- Fifth - mid-thigh. This is where the arm length ends.
- Sixth - bottom of the knee.
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You may not believe me, but the length of the arms is equal to the length of the legs, the length of the arm is from the shoulder
to the elbow will be slightly less than the length from the elbow to the fingertips.
- The length of the hand is equal to the height of the face (note, not the head - the distance from the chin to the top of the forehead), the length of the foot is equal to the length of the head.
Knowing all this, you can quite plausibly depict the human figure.
Taken from a group dedicated to graffiti on VKontakte.
Lip shapes 
nose shape 
Eye shapes 
Women's brochure shapes
(c) Book "How to Draw the Head and Human Figure" by Jack Hamm
The proportions of a child's figure differ from
adult proportions. The fewer times the length of the head interferes with growth
child, the younger he is.
IN children's portrait everything is a little different.
The child's face is more rounded, the forehead is larger. If we draw a horizontal
line through the middle baby face, then it won't be an eye line like
was in the portrait of an adult.
To learn how to draw a person not only
standing like a pillar, we will temporarily simplify our image. Let's leave
just the head, chest, spine, pelvis and we’ll screw it all together
arms and legs. The main thing is to maintain all proportions.
Having such a simplified version of the human figure, we can easily give him any pose.
When we have decided on the pose, we can
add meat to our simplified skeleton. Do not forget that the body, it is not
angular and does not consist of rectangles - we try to draw smooth ones
lines. The body gradually tapers at the waist, as well as at the knees and elbows.
To make the image more alive, character and expression must be given not only to the face, but also to the pose.
Hands:
The fingers, with their board-like joints, are the widest parts of the bones in the entire skeleton.
(c) book "Anatomy for Artists: It's Simple" Christopher Hart
Who doesn’t remember the famous work of Leonardo da Vinci, where artistic diagram clearly illustrates the proportionality of the human body. Harmoniously designed, it looks incredibly beautiful. But we ourselves need to figure out how to draw a person. It is worth learning to convey this harmony of proportions of the human body. How? Now I will try to show what discoveries I have made for myself in drawing the human figure.
I will be helped by some kind of guide on how to draw the human body, a set for creativity from the items necessary for every artist, both a professional and a beginner, for example, a preschooler: paper, pencils, a ruler and an eraser. My son, who is 7 years old, will also come to my rescue.. My baby and I decided that our model of a person was a man in jeans and a T-shirt. We found his photograph on one of the sites.
But I would like to point out right away that this step by step instructions suggests that those who follow these drawing lessons will be able to easily repeat any step. And it won’t be difficult even for a child to do this..
We distribute the entire execution of a person’s drawing into several stages:
- Support work;
- Picture detail;
- We “revive” the drawing of a human figure.
Support work
First of all, we make a schematic sketch, taking into account the proportions of the person.
How to draw sketches of people correctly? To do this you need to start small. We make an image of an oval. This will be the head. We measure its size. I got it to be 2 cm long. The proportions of a person are such that you need to measure only 7 of these lengths to depict a person of average height.
Here's a sketch of the silhouette. It's hard to see a picture of a person in this. But this is how we will understand how to draw a full-length person.
Now we are waiting for exclusively step-by-step work.
Neck.
A person's neck can be different. But I went by the average. The neck is usually no wider than the head, and at the same time not too thin, about half the width of the head.Do not forget that this is a pencil drawing for beginners and there may be some inaccuracies in it. With practice, you can achieve good success and even understand how to teach a child to draw a person, no matter how old he is.
Shoulders.
To draw the shoulder line, it is important to take into account the fact that on average a man has them the same length as his head. And one more thing. Draw the shoulders with a slight downward slope (see picture above).Waist.
How to draw a human figure? The next point is how to “find” and draw our person’s waist. Marking will help with this. If my head is 2 cm, then I will define my waist below the fifth cm, approximately 5.2-5.3. I put a point and from it I draw a horizontal line, which will be greater than the width of the head, but less than the span of the shoulders. I connect this line with the shoulder line.
Torso.
The fourth mark (from top to bottom) will be the point of the lower torso. It is usually wider than the waist, but should not be wider than the shoulders. Draw a horizontal line. We connect its edges with the waist.
Legs.
The drawing of a person should be complemented by the “making” of the legs. How easy is it to do this? Let's divide this stage into several steps:
Hands.
We are approaching the final stage and complementing the drawing of a person with another important detail - the hands. And again we divide this step of drawing a person with a pencil step by step:
In general, we figured out how to draw a figure. But that's not all. Now the model needs some details to be worked out. Picture detail
Our pencil-drawn person needs a face to “appear.” And that’s why we depict each element in the picture. And these are ears, hairstyle, eyes, nose and eyebrows.
We were able to draw a human figure. But this was just a diagram. Now we work on each detail of his clothing separately. We make folds on the clothes, and even mark some noticeable seams.
Erase all auxiliary lines. And now we see that this is more reminiscent of a human appearance than the picture of a robot “on hinges” was until now.
Let's bring our model to life
We figured out how to draw a body. And now we will dress this body. In the photo that we chose as a model, there is a man in jeans and a T-shirt. We show all this in our image.
Don’t forget about the chiaroscuro effect, as this makes the work more voluminous.
If until now it was difficult to explain some points to children, then even a child who is one or two years old can cope with the coloring stage.
The child and I tried our best and we ended up with a pretty handsome man. Perhaps in the future we will be able to learn to portray a girl and a child. The main thing is the beginning. Good luck in your future practice!
See below for a few more options.
We talked about drawing in Photoshop using a pencil and brush. Freehand lines are great, but it often happens that you need to depict an even geometric figure. Rulers and compasses are a thing of the past, and now you can do this using simple tools editor.
To select one of them, click the Shapes icon on the tool palette.
Regardless of which group tool you select, the following items, common to all shapes, will appear in the Options Bar.
- Select tool mode. Here you can choose one of three.
- Figure. The value is set to the default, and it creates a vector geometric figure on a separate layer, that is, what you expect from the tool happens.
- Circuit. The outline of the figure is drawn without filling.
- Pixels. It creates not a vector, but a raster figure.
- Filling. Allows you to customize the color and type (gradient, shading) of the drawn figure.
- Stroke. Shape outline settings: thickness, type, color.
- Width and height. They allow you to clarify the size of the figure when it is impermissible to do this “by eye”.
As always, create a new document with a white background. The remaining parameters can be left as default or selected at your discretion.
Rectangle
Select the Rectangle shape and, to draw it, click on the canvas and then drag the pointer while holding down the mouse button. The point where you clicked will be the corner of the shape.
On the options bar, click the icon. The geometric settings window will open.
By default, the switch is set to Rectangle. If you set it to Square, then when drawing you will always get a shape with the same length of sides. A similar effect can be achieved without pressing the checkbox: to obtain a square while drawing a rectangle, just hold down the Shift key.
If the parameters of your rectangle are known in advance, set the switch to the Specified size position and specify the required values in the fields. The figure will be completely drawn as soon as you click on the canvas with the mouse button.
After setting the switch to the Set proportions position, in the input fields that become available, you can specify the aspect ratio of the created figure.
The From Center checkbox allows you to draw a rectangle from the center, rather than from the outermost point.
Rectangle with rounded corners
Next item on the list geometric shapes. It is clear that it differs from the usual one in the rounding of the corners. Accordingly, the settings for this figure and the rectangle are almost identical. The fillet radius can be specified in the corresponding field in the options bar.
Ellipse
The parameters are the same as a rectangle, only instead of a square you can draw a circle. To do this, in the geometry settings window, check the Circle box or hold down the Shift key while drawing.
Polygon
With this tool you can draw a triangle, dodecahedron, icosahedron, star, or any shape that contains from three to one hundred sides. Their number can be set in the Party input field located on the parameters panel.
The geometric settings window is noticeably different from previous figures.
- Radius. This field specifies the radius of the future polygon.
- Smooth outer corners. If the checkbox is checked, then the corners are rounded; if not, the corners are sharp, as in a classic polygon.
- Star. Check the box if you want to receive a star as output.
- Depth of rays. This input field specifies how long the rays will be.
- Smooth the inside corners. Check this box if you want the inside corners to be rounded, as shown in the image below.
Line
Use this tool to create truly straight lines - freehand is simply not practical. To achieve maximum accuracy, configure the geometric parameters in the appropriate window.
- Start. If the checkbox is checked, instead of a line you will get an arrow that will be drawn at the location where you clicked the mouse button.
- End. Select the checkbox to add an arrow to the end of the line.
- Width. Indicated as a percentage relative to the thickness (it can be set in the parameters panel in the field of the same name).
- Length. It is calculated in the same way as width - in relation to thickness, as a percentage.
- Curvature. The value ranges from -50% to 50% and determines how much the widest part of the arrow will be curved. The figure shows arrows with curvature of 0%, 30% and 50% (from top to bottom).
Free figure
In order not to create a separate tool for each of the dozens of remaining shapes, the developers have combined them here. All elements of the parameters panel are already familiar to you, except for the most important one - the Shape button, clicking on which opens the shape selection window.
If you click on the gear located on the right side of the window, a menu of additional options will open, containing categories of shapes.
Thanks to the tools discussed, you can literally draw in two clicks huge amount figures that would take quite a long time to create by hand.
If you are going to draw a human figure from life, then you should first study the person from all four sides. Special attention you should pay attention to what its shape is. It is this kind of familiarization immediately before the drawing process itself that will help you a lot. Also, before drawing a final figure, you can make several preliminary sketches. So let's look at how to draw a human figure.
They begin to depict a person from the front position, that is, we need to draw the figure from four sides in advance, and only then begin to depict the volumetric front side. We fix the paper vertically and try to position it so that it is convenient for the master to draw.
Figure Drawing Procedure
It is necessary to start the image by determining the line of the center of gravity. Very often it is located within the jugular cavity and the seventh cervical vertebra. If we draw a figure from the front, then the line will be at the jugular fossa, and if from the back, then at the cervical vertebra. Now we need to note top part crown, level of the pubic joint and base of the foot. Only after clarifying them can we move on to building the basics of the human figure.
When you draw, it is very important to keep in mind that the human figure consists of two parts: the pelvis and the shoulder girdle. If a person leans on only one leg, then their relative position will be a little different. After the second leg relaxes, the pelvis loses its supporting function and takes on a slightly tilted position, while being held slightly to the side by the supporting leg. That is why the whole body moves slightly in the other direction relative to the center of gravity. The figure's pelvis will be on one side, and the chest on the other. In this case, it is very important that the body itself assumes a position of balance. In this case, the footprint of the supporting leg will be located on the line of the center of gravity.
Drawing the main lines correctly
Most important task When constructing a human figure, it is to place the figure on a plane so that it stands as stable as possible. A special plumb line was invented just for this purpose. We draw it, and then move a little to the side to understand whether it is perpendicular to the plane on which the person is standing. The plumb line and the center of gravity line are two basic lines that will help someone who does not know how to draw a figure.
The next line is the body bending line. Depending on what position a person is in, it will change significantly. You should start drawing it from the jugular cavity, and then move to the pubis. It should cover the entire figure, the so-called body contour. It is this line that is responsible for who you draw, a man or a woman.
Thus, after we have drawn the outline of the human figure, we can begin to depict the smallest details. You can begin to draw out facial features. We visually determine in advance the location of the mouth, nose and eyes and try to arrange them evenly. We remember that each person has an individual distance between the mouth and eyes.
Errors when depicting the human figure
Now let's look at what are the most common mistakes you can make if you don't know how to draw human figures.
First of all, this is an incorrect definition of the footprint of the supporting leg if the support is only on one side. The second mistake is the location of the supporting leg away from the plumb line. The third is the image on the figure of an additional point of support, which does not exist in reality. Such a figure will look extremely ridiculous and unrealistic.
If we draw a head and a figure in a static position, that is, supported by two legs, then the plumb line should pass through the axis of symmetry of the body along the navel through the pubis. The lines of the pelvis and shoulder should be parallel to each other. This is why all parts of the body are in balance.
If you are drawing a human figure that rests on one leg, then you need to correctly calculate the inclinations of the shoulder girdle and pelvis in space. It is advisable to do this meaningfully, understanding how the figure will move in space in the future. If you know this, then you can accurately determine the size of the required body parts in relation to each other, as well as to the entire body as a whole. This moment is fundamental when we draw the head and human figure. Also, when we compare proportions, we need to pay attention to the fact that not a single person today has exact proportions. Each of us has deviations in the structure of our figure, some have them less, and some have more. This is what is strictly taken into account when drawing.
The proportions are determined using a full-scale scale, namely, the height of the figure, as well as its parts in the state in which they will be visible later, are marked with a pencil on an outstretched arm. You also need to rely on your own eye, it never fails.
Figure shape image
In the process of drawing a figure, it is necessary to simultaneously observe general character model shapes. Many novice artists do not even try to determine the shape of the model, but immediately begin to transfer the visible outlines of the form onto a sheet of paper. In this case, the figure will look flat; you will have to work hard to add volume to it. The form must be an integral part of the space, so it must be depicted in volume. Thus, in order for everything to work out correctly, during the drawing process you need to imagine that you are making a figure from clay.
Having drawn the human figure and given it the necessary outlines, you can move on to adding tone, shadows and penumbra. It is this process that “revitals” our figure, it begins to look more realistic.
To draw a beautiful human figure, you will need a lot of experience, so if you don’t succeed the first time, don’t be upset. When we draw the head and figure of a person, the main thing for us is to understand how the proportions are placed, as well as whether the body is symmetrical.