Many people are of the opinion that life in the village and farming are irrelevant. But think about it - after all, every day on store shelves we see the products of small private farms. In rural conditions, it is sometimes easier to earn money than in the city. Combining different types agricultural production, you can get by with relatively low costs.
How to become a farmer? This business is not limited to simply raising pigs, chickens and cows and growing vegetables. It's a whole system. It implies having a farm business plan with official registration activities. In addition, there is a well-thought-out system for regulating expenses and income.
Farming from scratch: how to start?
As you know, a business always starts with an idea - regardless of the scale. Anyone who decides to open their own farm must, first of all, decide on suitable direction. On a farmstead you can engage in both crop production and livestock farming. The main thing is to think through everything correctly and create a successful combination.
That is why a thorough study of the characteristics of the production of various crops and raising animals will be required. Before becoming a farmer, you should learn about the incompatibility of individual areas. In particular, the cultivation of certain fruit crops is strictly contraindicated near areas where cattle are kept.
Having decided where to start farming, you will need to think about the material and monetary resources that the future business will require. Everything should be provided for - from initial financial investments to the arrangement of premises for keeping animals, the organization of the farm territory, the purchase of feed and fertilizers. In addition, future farming will require mandatory registration. Most often, such activities are carried out in the form of individual entrepreneurs.
Farming: types of activities
If you decide to open livestock farm, the farm will provide you with meat, milk, eggs and leather. In addition, no one will prohibit combining raising animals, crop farming, fish farming or beekeeping. The main thing is to remember that all animals will require care of the proper quality and adherence to sanitary standards.
Let's take a little closer look at exactly what directions may take place for individual entrepreneur in peasant farming.
We breed piglets
Pork is always in demand on the market and costs a lot. This business is quite profitable, because if you take this area seriously, with good care you can get up to 30 piglets from one sow within a year. Each adult pig is about 200 kilos of meat and lard.
For breeding, piglets are usually purchased at one month of age. They are less susceptible to disease and adapt well to new conditions. The room for them (pig sty) should be kept clean, insulated in winter and be sure to be equipped with vents. Crowding is contraindicated for animals. They are fed according to a schedule, with pauses not exceeding eight hours.
The food is greens (in large quantities), meat and dairy products and special feed for pigs. One pig can be purchased for an amount from 3,500 to 5,000 rubles. It depends on its breed, age and area of livestock production. You can breed pigs by starting with purchasing a pair of healthy piglets.
Goats, cows, horses and sheep
In summer they are all able to feed on grass. For the winter they will need good quality soft hay. For feeding, horses are given oats, and cows are given mixed feed.
The yield of a good dairy cow is up to 30 liters of milk daily. From one goat you can get from 5 to 8 liters, and the cost goat milk above, as it relates to delicacies.
Horses are most often used as draft power. Sheep are bred for their meat, which is also considered a delicacy. As for sheep, their wool has long been considered the most valuable material. Breeding both goats and sheep is one of the most popular and profitable types of business in agriculture.
Rabbits
Both fur and meat are obtained from them. At the same time, the animals are quite unpretentious in terms of keeping and breeding. A rabbit farm is a system of enclosures, cages, pits or sheds. The choice of premises for keeping is a personal matter for the farmer. However, certain conditions must be adhered to:
- Protect animals from direct sunlight and drafts.
- Provide adequate feeding.
- Do not forget about timely vaccination.
- Maintain cleanliness in the cages and provide the animals with high-quality drinking water on time.
- Remember the optimal temperature regime.
The diet for rabbits combines a large number of fresh fruits and vegetables in season with concentrated dry food. Hay and grass are quite suitable for feeding them.
Fish farming
These days this business is one of the most profitable. But doing it requires certain knowledge, as well as considerable investment. Agricultural enterprises such as fisheries are most often set up on the basis of artificial ponds, which can be different types. It depends on the volume of production and preferred types. Due to the need for a large area to construct a pond, the costs of this business may be prohibitive for a beginning farmer.
Who can you most often meet in an artificial pond? Carp, crucian carp, pike perch, silver carp, carp and tench. Although pond fish are able to provide themselves with food, they still cannot do without feeding. Bran, cake, and mixed feed are used as it.
Starting around May, the fish are fed on “feeding tables”, which are heavy square-shaped wooden trays measuring approximately 50 x 50 cm. Each hectare of pond will require at least four of these “feeding tables” for fish.
Beekeeping
With the right approach, the profit from an apiary can be quite good. In addition, bees pollinate fruit plants. How are such agricultural enterprises organized? The location for the apiary is selected based on the principle of being deserted and remote from roads, close to the areas where honey plants are grown.
Then it is necessary to install hives with 12-24 frames, as well as an omshanik (winter hive). The beekeeper can buy hives or make them himself. To do this, the beekeeper will need a workbench, hand or power tools. Bees can be purchased both in bee packages and in full families.
Poultry breeding
It can be the most common - in the form of chickens, geese, turkeys and ducks. Or quite exotic for our area. We are talking about breeding partridges, pheasants, guinea fowl, peacocks and even ostriches. The choice of breeds depends on the market in which the farmer wants to establish himself.
Where to start farming if you decide to start poultry farming? Suitable as the most unpretentious option conventional cultivation chickens These birds are inexpensive and unpretentious. From them you can get environmentally friendly eggs and high-quality chicken meat. The demand for ducks, geese and turkeys is somewhat less, but their cost is several times higher.
If you are thinking about breeding guinea fowl, pheasants and peacocks, then know that this is quite an expensive activity, and you will most likely have to sell them to private buyers or restaurants.
To raise poultry, you will need to acquire an incubator, special winter-insulated enclosures, feeders, trays, as well as a certain space for walking. Most often, farmers purchase couples for divorce, or a certain number of young offspring, which are subsequently raised. Another option is to purchase eggs and put them in an incubator. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.
To feed young chicks you will need cereals, boiled eggs, greens, cottage cheese, insects, as well as special feed mixtures. The diet of adults is almost the same. Their menu is dominated by grain - wheat, barley, oats. Vitamins and minerals should be added to the feed mixture.
Growing plants
Crop farming has always been and remains one of the current trends rural business. After all, vegetables, fruits and berries are an irreplaceable component in the diet of any person. In addition, it is quite possible to grow flowers in farm conditions. The flower business has high profitability (from 70% to 300%).
The approximate amount of initial investment is from half a million rubles. With them you can rent land, purchase cuttings, incandescent lamps for greenhouses, which must maintain a constant microclimate and have well-fertilized soil.
Returning to the cultivation of herbs and vegetables, it is worth noting that their choice for farming is very diverse. Unpretentious species, such as potatoes, beets, carrots, radishes, etc., do not require any special conditions. If you are planning to start growing herbs, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, tomatoes and zucchini, you cannot do without greenhouses during the cold season.
Their construction, along with renting land, will require quite serious investments. The cost of seeds will be relatively small. In addition, in subsequent years you will provide them for yourself. The payback period for vegetable growing is quite fast. Already this year you can get your first serious harvest. If you can’t decide where to start farming, vegetable growing may be the best option.
We grow mushrooms, berries and fruits
For mushroom farming, the most unpretentious (albeit expensive) are truffles. And the most common are champignons and oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms are bred in a special room where an even microclimate is maintained, in bags filled with mycelium and straw. You will spend from one and a half to two thousand rubles on truffle seedlings. Much cheaper you can buy a base for growing champignons and oyster mushrooms.
If you are going to grow strawberries, you cannot do without greenhouses. A number of varieties are also grown in open ground. Such a business will require starting capital about 100,000 rubles. Add another quarter of that for monthly expenses.
Raspberries are grown according to a different principle. Seedlings are purchased for it and the site is prepared. It is practiced in the summer season; in the winter, the bushes are buried in order to protect them from frost.
Cherries, sea buckthorn or apples are grown in specially designated garden plots. You will need to purchase seedlings and a special film for covering for the winter. You will receive a harvest from young trees in best case scenario next year. The fruit and berry business is profitable at a level of about 60-100%.
How to register your activity
Where to start farming legally? Every business needs registration, and agricultural is no exception. The stages of the procedure consist of paying the state fee, notarizing the corresponding application, preparing and submitting a package of documents to the Federal Tax Service. Next, you should wait for the finished documents to be issued, go through the registration procedure with the necessary funds and receive a letter from Rosstat containing statistics codes. Of course, you should also take care of opening a bank account.
We rent land
You can arrange for renting a plot of land before the procedure legal registration. The rental application is submitted to the local administration. After the case is reviewed, you will receive information about where the proposed site is located. You will need to call representatives of the land management organization there. They will conduct land surveying and determine the exact boundaries of the site. Then the land is registered in the cadastral register and a corresponding passport is issued.
After this, the documents are again sent to the administration, which issues a decision on the transfer of the site. In addition, registration of the lease agreement will be required.
The state will help us
IN last years Assistance to young farms is a priority for the state. Now it is easy to get a grant for the development of such a business, the amount of which can range from one to four million rubles. It may be intended specifically for the creation of a farm or have a lump sum payment for a household device.
This money is purposefully given to a beginning farmer to rent or purchase land, develop a project, purchase the necessary equipment, carry out the required utilities, as well as purchase materials for planting, animals, feed and fertilizers.
Who can claim such a payment?
Money is paid to citizens of the Russian Federation of working age, heads of farms and peasant farms whose registration period is less than 24 months. In this case, it is necessary to have education and at least three years of experience in the field of agriculture.
The package of documents that needs to be prepared consists of a business plan for the farm, a breakdown of expenses with prices. Size own funds that will need to be invested in this case must be at least 10% of the grant amount. The recipient is required to create three or more jobs and spend the funds issued within 12 months from the date of issue.
Grants are issued based on the results of competitions, during which young entrepreneurs must prove the profitability and relevance of their future business. Such support can be considered an excellent way to solve the problem of initial capital investment. If payment is refused, there are other options for assistance from the state - in particular, in the form of a farm loan. In addition, it is possible various options government subsidies.
Summing up
Modern business in the field of agriculture is not at all the same as the idea of which is firmly rooted in the heads of many (a hard and dirty job, low-income and thankless). These days, farms are equipped with the most advanced equipment. The most advanced technologies are used in raising animals and plants. It is quite possible to maintain cleanliness and the desired microclimate in premises for breeding birds and livestock. Most operations can be automated, which will greatly facilitate farm work.
Particularly important financial support states in the current crisis. It allows farmers to develop their business. In addition, due to the widespread development of a network of cafes, restaurants and numerous private shops, there are problems with sales finished products, as a rule, does not happen.
With the introduction of Western sanctions, additional incentives appeared for agricultural production.
The government has set a goal of filling retail outlets with Russian products, and today farmers are offered solid support programs.
What is their essence and how can a farmer take advantage of government assistance?
Goals of these programs
These are the realities of the agricultural sector of the economy: without support for the farmer, and major representatives It is difficult to achieve serious and stable results. Therefore, systemic financial injections are being carried out at the government level - subsidizing the industry in all areas.
This may include:
The legislative framework
The main regulator of the agro-industrial sector is the Federal Law “On the Development of Agriculture”.
The strategy for supporting the Russian agro-industrial complex is presented State program for agricultural development and regulation for 2013-2020. It is there that all government initiatives and plans for the upcoming seven-year period are collected. The document includes subprograms in all areas of agriculture.
Changes and additions to legislative framework introduced by government regulations and clarifications.
Priority areas of activity
For effective development in the agricultural sector, subsidies are intended for main directions:
Expectations from the implementation of the plan are larger:
- expand the commodity market;
- increase salaries in the industry;
- create new jobs and areas of activity;
- reclaim abandoned lands.
By 2020, the agricultural industry will be completely updated and ready for independent progressive development. But these are all just perspectives. Now the industry is going through hard times.
According to analysts, it will take 7 years to completely replace imported meat and dairy; to obtain consistently high crop yields, it will take at least 5 years. Modernization requires enormous efforts and costs, which must be supported by systemic assistance from the state.
Types, conditions and procedure for participation in programs
The subsidy support measures applied in the past year have carried over into the coming year. It should be noted that back in the fall of 2016, the government started talking about fundamental changes in state financing of agriculture.
But, as often happens at the dawn of reforms, the new is just being outlined, but the old continues to be used.
Let's talk about general views existing subsidies:
- Grants for the development of peasant farms. They are provided on a competitive basis with a specific purpose for the acquisition of agricultural land, the development and installation of communication systems, and the construction of economic facilities. requires strict accountability by the recipient about the intended use of funds.
- Loan funds to reimburse interest costs. They are provided exclusively for the modernization of the economy.
- Subsidizing leasing for the purchase of agricultural equipment and machinery.
- Compensation of expenses for the construction of family farm facilities.
- One-time subsidy. It is provided for the development of a farm: the purchase or construction of housing, the purchase of cargo and passenger transport, and the installation of communications.
A farmer can apply for all types of assistance, but only if he meets the eligibility requirements. Applications are reviewed by competition commissions. 
Terms of service:
- Professional qualities of the applicant. Farmer must have at least 10 years of experience. Agricultural workers with higher education have an advantage.
- The future farmer must maintain a personal subsidiary plot for at least 10 years.
- Letters of recommendation from municipalities or membership in cooperatives are required.
- A business plan is submitted for the object to receive subsidies.
- If an application for a grant is submitted, the potential recipient is required to provide up to 30% of the grant amount with their own finances or means of production. The number of livestock, farm buildings and other property used in the activity will be counted.
- Product sales schemes. Advantage goes to applicants of already operating farms with established ways of selling what they produce. This is confirmed by contracts with retail outlets, purchasing lines, and other documents.
When providing subsidies, especially grants, the social significance of the project for the region is taken into account. For example, the creation of additional jobs by the farmer, the equipment of access roads, etc.
Preparation of documents
In general cases this is:
Depending on the type of assistance, other documents may be needed.
Beginning Farmer Program
It’s always difficult to start, so in 2019 the state continues to support newly created farms.
Size and conditions of participation
Financing format– development grant or one-time subsidy for household improvements.
In the first case, the applicant claims 1.5 million rubles, in the second – up to 300 thousand.
The grant is being spent for the purchase of planting materials, fertilizers, feed, expansion of livestock and poultry, land plots and for other needs of agricultural activities. The subsidy helps a start-up entrepreneur create decent living conditions.
How to apply
To receive grant support, you need contact the Ministry of Agriculture of your region, collect documents and protect yours.
There is no need to be alarmed: there will be no public hearings. Protection means expert review business of the applicant and his business qualities based on the package provided.
The decision is made 15 days after submitting the application form.
"Family Livestock Farm"
This program aimed at development social structure villages, increasing livestock numbers, supporting family agricultural businesses.
A family farm is considered if all the workers involved are relatives (not necessarily close).
Subsidy form– grant funding.
Transfer amount and terms of provision
The program covers farmers engaged in breeding dairy and beef cattle.
Requirements to applicants:
- number of employees – at least three people;
- Before submitting an application, the farm must operate for a year;
- the family had not previously received the creation and development of peasant farms.
Competition participant questionnaire sent to the agricultural department subject of registration of the farm.
Maximum grant amount is equivalent to 60 percent of the farm's expenses reflected in the business plan and cost plan. The maximum in monetary terms is set for all regions of the country – 10 million rubles. The farm must confirm the presence of 40% of its own collateral from the grant amount. It is not prohibited to use credit.
The distribution of federal subsidies is carried out by the regions, which receive tranches from the state budget. In addition, local authorities have the right to provide support to agricultural producers from the local budget.
Old help in a new way
In 2019, the government will allocate 300 billion rubles for the development of the agro-industrial sector.
The money will be distributed according to a different scheme.
If previously tranches were sent for specific programs, then in 2019 the subject the full amount is transferred for the development of agriculture. There are insurance preferences, subsidized loans, farm and peasant forms of farming, gardening and livestock breeding. In short, all areas of the agro-industrial complex represented in a particular subject.
The scheme was named "single regional subsidy".
Providing loans
On January 1, 2017, a program of preferential lending to business entities in the agro-industrial complex system was launched. Banks will issue loans for the modernization and development of farms at 5% per annum.
In this regard The recipient of interest subsidies changes: Now these are lending institutions. The state will reimburse 100% key rate banks that issue loans to agricultural producers on preferential terms.
The new conditions are convenient, first of all, for farmers. Now there will be no need to divert significant amounts from circulation to pay interest, which the state then reimburses to the borrower through a subsidy.
Banks to participate in the program approves the Ministry of Agriculture. The criterion is the availability of our own credit products on attractive terms for farmers.
Requirements for borrowers quite loyal:
- the applicant has no current arrears on other loans;
- stability in economic development;
- income that allows you to make current payments.
The bank will definitely refuse to farmers who are in bankruptcy or reorganization.
Existing problems
The almost complete transfer of subsidy distribution to the regions is alarming. This will not bring anything good to agricultural entrepreneurship and production in general.
But the main problem support for Russian farmers means unstable funding. According to the Ministry of Finance, the volume of assistance will be reduced in 2017 by 1.4 times less than what was originally included in the Program passport for 2013-2020. Without proper financial support, the Government’s loud intentions to reform the agro-industrial complex will descend to the level of projectism.
State support for farmers of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is described in the following video:
In order to effectively operate peasant (farm) farms, a set of government support measures is being implemented, including financial and organizational assistance. Thus, from January 1, 2014, the procedure for providing land plots for the activities of peasant (farmer) farms has been simplified. Applications may be submitted by chapters farms or farms registered as legal entities to the executive body state power or a local government body or to the multifunctional centers currently being created for the provision of state and municipal services.
Proper legal regulation of the activities of peasant (farm) farms is also important, which should clearly define the features of their legal status, ensure the interests of the members of the farm and the farm itself as a participant in economic turnover.
The legal basis for the activities of peasant (farm) farms is established by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) (clause 5 of article 23, article 86.1, 257-259), Federal Law of June 11, 2003 No. 74-FZ “On peasant (farm)”, Land Code of the Russian Federation, Federal Law of July 24, 2002 No. 101-FZ “On the turnover of agricultural land” and other regulations.
Federal Law of December 30, 2012 No. 302-FZ “On Amendments to Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 4 of Part One of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation” § 2 Ch. 4 is supplemented by subparagraph 3.1 containing Art. 86.1 “Peasant (farm) farming.” This norm provides for the possibility of creating a peasant (farm) enterprise as a legal entity.
A peasant (farm) enterprise, which is a legal entity, is a voluntary association of citizens combining property contributions for joint production or other economic activity in the field of agriculture based on their personal participation.
It can be formed on the basis of an agreement on the creation of a peasant (farm) enterprise by citizens conducting joint activities in the field of agriculture without forming a legal entity.
When analyzing this new situation, it is advisable to pay attention to the following circumstances:
1. The legislator has Art. 86.1, called “Peasant (farm) enterprise”, in the section “Legal entities”. At the same time, peasant (farm) farming is also discussed in other articles of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (clause 5 of Article 23, Articles 257–259). However, these norms regulate the activities of peasant (farm) farms without the formation of a legal entity. In our opinion, in this regard, it is advisable in paragraph 5 of Art. 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to formulate a provision on the possibility of creating a peasant (farm) enterprise with the formation of a legal entity, indicating the relevant norms providing for the activities of such farms.
2. Giving the definition of a peasant (farm) enterprise without forming a legal entity, the legislator emphasizes that this is an association of citizens related by kinship and (or) property, having property in common ownership and jointly carrying out production and other economic activities (production, processing, storage, transportation and sale of agricultural products) based on their personal participation (Clause 1, Article 1 of the Law on Peasant (Farm) Farming). It should be noted that in foreign legislation (Canada, Germany, Poland, China) family agricultural production is also common.
In the current Russian legislation, in relation to a peasant (farm) enterprise - a legal entity, the presence of kinship and (or) properties between members of the enterprise is not mentioned. At the same time, contained in paragraph 1 of Art. 86 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation reference to Art. 23 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and further to the Law on Peasant (Farm) Economy does not allow us to unconditionally draw such a conclusion. the federal law dated June 11, 2003 No. 74-FZ “On Peasant (Farm) Business” establishes that members of a farm can be spouses, their parents, children, brothers, sisters, grandchildren, as well as grandparents of each spouse, but no more
than from three families. Children, grandchildren, brothers and sisters of farm members can be accepted as members of the farm when they reach the age of 16 years. And only as an exception, members of a farm can be citizens who are not related to the head of the farm. However, the maximum number of such citizens cannot exceed 5 people.
In the section “Legal Entities” of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the provisions of Art. 86.1 are located between business partnerships and companies. Thus, a peasant (farm) enterprise should be considered as an independent organizational and legal form of a legal entity. At the same time, the legal regulation of the legal entity in question contains separate provisions provided for business partnerships and companies. Thus, for a citizen who is a member of a peasant (farm) enterprise, a ban is established on participation in other peasant (farm) enterprises, as well as for full comrades in business partnerships. Members of a farm bear subsidiary liability for the obligations of a peasant (farm) farm, just like participants in a company with additional liability, but without indicating the possibility of limiting it in relation to the value of the shares of company participants.
With the entry into force of Art. 86.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the question arises about its relationship with the previously established provisions of Art. 259 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, according to which members of a peasant (farm) enterprise can create a business partnership or production cooperative on the basis of the property of the farm.
In this case, a business partnership or production cooperative, as legal entities, has the right of ownership to property transferred to them as contributions and other contributions by members of the farm, as well as to property received and acquired in the course of its activities. In this case, the contributions of the participants are their shares in the right of common ownership of the farm property. Thus, in the absence of a distinction between the norms of Art. 86.1 and art. 259 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, it is possible for members of a peasant (farm) enterprise to create a legal entity in the form of a business partnership, a production cooperative, as well as a peasant (farm) enterprise - a legal entity. In the current situation, it is not clear how and on what grounds the choice of the appropriate organizational and legal form of the created legal entity can be made.
State support for agricultural production and sustainable development of rural areas is carried out in the following main areas:
1) ensuring the availability of credit resources for agricultural producers producing agricultural products, processing them and providing related services, citizens conducting private subsidiary plots, peasant (farm) households, as well as agricultural consumer cooperatives;
2) development of a risk insurance system in agriculture;
3) development of livestock breeding;
4) development of elite seed production;
5) ensuring the production of livestock products;
6) ensuring the establishment of perennial plantings and caring for them;
7) ensuring the renewal of fixed assets of agricultural producers;
8) provision of measures to improve soil fertility;
9) ensuring sustainable development of rural areas, including the construction and proper maintenance of highways connecting populated areas;
10) providing consulting assistance to agricultural producers, training and retraining of specialists for agriculture;
11) information support in the implementation of state agricultural policy.
Financing of these activities is carried out in accordance with the legislation Russian Federation. Federal budget funds provided for by the federal law on the federal budget for the next financial year to support agricultural production are provided to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the form of subsidies in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Valid in the Russian Federation whole line programs aimed at supporting and developing peasant (farm) enterprises:
Target program of the Russian Ministry of Agriculture “Support for beginning farmers for the period 2012-2014”;
Target program of the Russian Ministry of Economic Development “State support for small and medium-sized businesses, including peasant farms”;
Entrepreneurial support programs for start-ups;
Regional and municipal programs for the development of peasant farms.
The main program for supporting farming is the Federal Target Program “Sustainable Development of Rural Territories for 2014-2017 and for the period until 2020”, approved by the resolution
The main goals of the Program: creating comfortable living conditions in rural areas; investment stimulation
activity in the agro-industrial complex by creating favorable infrastructural conditions in rural areas; promoting the creation of high-tech jobs in rural areas; intensifying the participation of citizens living in rural areas in the implementation of socially significant projects; formation of a positive attitude towards the countryside and rural way of life.
To achieve the above goals, an important role is played by encouraging citizens to unite into peasant (farm) enterprises to conduct joint production or other economic activities in the field of agriculture, which should be facilitated by the following directions of state economic policy:
1.Increasing efficiency state support financial
welfare of agriculture. According to the Plan of Priority Actions to Ensure Sustainable Development of the Economy and Social
stability in 2015, the state allocates additional funds from the federal budget for state support of agriculture in the amount of 50 billion rubles out of 2.3 trillion. rubles included in the anti-crisis plan, which seems insufficient in the conditions of the economic embargo and the trend towards import substitution. It is also necessary to establish effective control over the expenditure of allocated funds, while finances should be aimed not only at maintaining existing state agricultural facilities, but also be available for the development of peasant (farm) farms.
2. Maintaining a system of lending and subsidies for peasant (farmer) households in order to ensure the availability of short-term and
long-term loans.
3. Improving the mechanisms for regulating the market for agricultural products, raw materials and food in terms of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of eliminating groundless inflated prices on the market. Currently, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office is conducting large-scale inspections to identify the reasons for rising prices for socially significant products, as well as a set of measures aimed at combating unscrupulous entrepreneurs, suppliers and traders. If the market situation further worsens, the Government
The Russian Federation, in accordance with Federal Law No. 381-FZ of December 28, 2009 “On the fundamentals of state regulation of trade activities in the Russian Federation,” should exercise its right to state regulation of prices for socially important goods.
4. Creating conditions for realizing the potential of zones of rapid economic growth with agro-industrial specialization in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking this factor into account when forming a promising settlement system and creating peasant (farmer)
households, assistance in the social development of members of peasant (farm) households, increasing financial support for the implementation of social programs in rural settlements.
5. Stimulating the development of joint labor organization in the production, processing and sale of agricultural products, raw materials and food.
6. Development of market infrastructure necessary for the sale of goods by peasant (farmer) households.
7. Development of new technologies that ensure increased labor productivity and resource conservation in agriculture and the food industry: increased fertility and productivity, expansion of areas for planting agricultural crops at the expense of unused arable land, reconstruction and construction of reclamation systems, accelerated development of livestock farming.
8. Formation of a common food market within the framework of the customs union of member states of the Eurasian Economic Community with the involvement of resources and capabilities of peasant (farm) households.
9. Improving state trade policy, regulating markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food, including procurement for government needs, ensuring increased demand for domestically produced products.
Particular attention must be paid to the implementation of measures aimed at reducing poverty, unemployment and providing priority support to the most needy segments of the population who do not have sufficient funds to organize their own peasant farming.
(farm) economy, especially in the context of an influx of Ukrainian citizens from places of hostilities.
It should be noted that the implementation of the above measures should contribute to the development of the agricultural sector of the state economy, the emergence of favorable conditions for the creation of associations of citizens for joint production or other economic activities in the field of agriculture (peasant (farm) farms), ensuring import substitution and, as a result, food independence and national security of the Russian Federation.
In general, in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation there is a formal approach to the implementation of state support for farmers, which does not take into account, including the relevance, economic and social significance of such support.
Information and explanatory work with municipalities and peasant farms carried out by the governing bodies of the agro-industrial complex of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is not effective enough.
To intensify efforts to provide state support to farmers, he proposes to carry out the following activities in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation:
1) ensure, together with the regional branches of the Association of Peasant Farms and Agricultural Cooperatives of Russia (hereinafter referred to as AKKOR), that information about the implemented state support measures is communicated to each head of the peasant farm;
2) review the procedures for expenditure obligations in order to remove barriers to registering and receiving subsidies to reimburse part of the costs of peasant farms when registering ownership of the land plots they use from agricultural lands;
3) create opportunities for advisory support to farmers at the municipal level.
At the same time, it is important not only to support peasant farms, but also to ensure the efficiency of their functioning.
A study of peasant and farm enterprises showed that the main factors determining the efficiency of labor in them are the size of the farm, the structure of production, prices for manufactured products, costs of their production, distribution of profits, the presence or absence of government support, and labor productivity.
The main problem that determines the situation and prospects of peasant and farm enterprises is the unregulated prices for products, their independence from the manufacturer and their low level, which does not allow achieving a minimum level of profitability for self-financing and expanded reproduction.
The low level of selling prices entails a number of other problems in the activities of farms, including:
Lack of new equipment and inability to buy it;
Insufficient volumes of elite seeds, fertilizers, and livestock of breeding animals;
Lack of premises and equipment for storing crops and, often, the necessary infrastructure (the farmer cannot build it due to lack of money);
Low quality of labor due to the inability to establish a decent level wages etc.
In the Russian Federation, there is a mechanism for procurement interventions regulated by Federal Law dated December 29, 2006 N 264-FZ (as amended on February 12, 2015) “On the Development of Agriculture”. Its essence lies in the purchase of agricultural products by the state when prices are reduced below the minimum calculated. During the study, it was revealed that at present the mechanism of purchasing interventions does not lead to stabilization of prices on the market of agricultural products for farms and peasant households.
The results of observations and research made it possible to select two alternatives, which are the most promising, from all the options for the development of peasant and farm enterprises:
Maintaining and strengthening the already established trend of the elimination of weak ones and the consolidation of the remaining farms, which independently solve the problems of marketing their products within the framework of their own vision and capabilities, and use the resources provided by government programs and banks.
Development of measures to improve existing programs of state support for peasants and farms, which will help not only maintain, but also increase their number by increasing the attractiveness of agricultural labor.
The state is making every effort to help develop the Russian agricultural industry. For this purpose, new programs, subsidies and benefits are being developed. Today we will look at what support for farms is in 2017.
Who is covered by government support?
State support is applicable for both beginners and experienced farmers. This article will look at basic government assistance. Each region takes its own additional measures to develop the agricultural industry. It’s simply impossible to list everything, so it’s worth checking with your local agriculture committee about regional subsidies and other assistance.
You should find out about regional subsidies and other assistance from the local agriculture committee or the regional administration.
The government has formed a unified program for 2013-2020, called: “State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food.” It provides for targeted grants, competitions, necessary consulting, and provision of subsidies.
A set of measures that peasant and farm enterprises can count on at the stage of formation:
- Subsidizing interest on loans.
- Grants for organizing the life of young farmers.
- Grants for opening a peasant farm.
- Partial subsidization of the initial leasing payment.
- Development of livestock farming.
Let's look at programs that are aimed at supporting young farmers.
Grants
Grants issued can be used for the purchase of land, provision of ready-made infrastructure facilities, as well as for the development and construction of new agricultural projects.
A beginning farmer can do it once. Each person who receives it must submit a complete report on the expenditure Money. The report form changes annually; it can be found on the Ministry of Agriculture website.
Competitions are held annually in the regions at which decisions on the distribution of grants are made. Those interested submit applications in the form established by the competition commission. Grant sizes and the number of winners vary from year to year, depending on funding limits.
Interest subsidies on investment loans
Investment lending can be used exclusively for the purpose of developing an agricultural business: purchasing equipment, livestock, necessary equipment.
The size of loans for young farmers reaches 5 million rubles. for a period of up to 15 years with the right of a grace period of up to 5 years. Peasant farms that wish to receive state support must submit an appropriate application for participation. The lucky winners, as in the previous case, are determined through competitive selection based on funding limits.
The winners of the competition, if necessary, apply to specialized guarantee funds or to a regional collateral center to receive a guarantee and support from them. After the bank makes a decision to issue a loan, an appeal should be made to the agro-industrial complex authorities, which are responsible for subsidizing interest payments on the loan.
Grants for organizing the life of young farmers
The goal is to provide one-time financial support to farmers for organizing their daily life. With the allocated money, a program participant can purchase housing and furniture for it. True, it is not stipulated that a person will formalize the purchase of a secondary home. The event is aimed at purchasing a new building or individual construction.
The timing of the competition and the amount of funding are determined separately in each region. You should monitor current information on the website of relevant government agencies working with small and medium-sized businesses in the field of agriculture.
You should monitor current information on the website of relevant government agencies working with small and medium-sized businesses in the field of agriculture.
Partial subsidization of the down payment on leasing
The purpose of the event is to ensure accessibility for agriculture. It is permissible to purchase not only machinery, but also equipment and animals for the purpose of conducting agricultural activities.
Livestock
In order to develop peasant farms involved in the livestock industry, the state undertakes to cover up to 60% of the costs of reconstruction or construction of farms and factories. The rest is financed by the farmer himself. It is acceptable that he can repay 30% of the remaining 40 through loans. After the competition, the winners must submit a comprehensive report on the expenses of the money awarded.
For farmers who are already operating, support programs are also provided that will help expand their existing business. This includes assistance in providing guarantees and guarantees when obtaining targeted loans for development, partial reimbursement of costs for the purchase of working equipment, land, livestock and equipment.
In addition, the state program to help peasant farms implies tax benefits. In particular, it was introduced new system taxation - Unified Agricultural Tax (Unified Agricultural Tax), which was designed to simplify the activities of farms related to the payment of taxes. It is a replacement for other taxes, such as property tax, VAT (except for the cases prescribed in Article 174.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), etc.
As mentioned earlier, the conditions and procedure for providing grants depend on the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. For up-to-date information for your region, please visit local authorities APK.