Characteristics of the heroes “At the Bottom”. Heroes of the play "At the Lower Depths" by Gorky: characteristics, images and destinies What is the internal drama of the heroes of the play

The drama "At the Depths" is a landmark work in creative biography Gorky. Descriptions of the heroes will be presented in this article.

This work was written at a turning point for the country. In Russia in the 90s of the 19th century, a serious outbreak broke out. Masses of impoverished, ruined peasants left the villages after each crop failure in search of work. Plants and factories were closed. Thousands of people found themselves without means of livelihood and shelter. This led to the appearance large number"tramps" who have sunk to the bottom of life.

Who lived in the dosshouses?

Enterprising slum owners, taking advantage of the fact that people found themselves in a hopeless situation, found how to extract benefit from fetid basements. They turned them into shelters in which beggars, the unemployed, thieves, tramps and other representatives of the “bottom” lived. This work was written in 1902. The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" are just such people.

Maxim Gorky throughout creative path I was interested in personality, man, the secrets of his feelings and thoughts, dreams and hopes, weakness and strength - all this is reflected in the work. The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" are people who lived at the beginning of the 20th century, when the old world, and arose new life. However, they differ from the rest in that they are rejected by society. These are people from the bottom, outcasts. The place where Vaska Pepel, Bubnov, Actor, Satin and others live is unsightly and scary. According to Gorky's description, this is a cave-like basement. Its ceiling is stone vaults with crumbling plaster, smoked. Why did the inhabitants of the shelter find themselves “at the bottom” of life, what brought them here?

Heroes of the play "At the Bottom": table

What ruined the lives of these people?

Addiction to alcohol ruined the Actor. By his own admission, he used to have good memory. Now the Actor believes that everything is over for him. Vaska Pepel is a representative of the “thieves’ dynasty”. This hero had no choice but to continue his father’s work. He says that even when he was little, even then he was called a thief. Former furrier Bubnov left his workshop because of his wife’s infidelity, as well as out of fear of his wife’s lover. He went bankrupt, after which he went to serve in one “treasury chamber”, in which he committed embezzlement. One of the most colorful figures in the work is Satin. He was a former telegraph operator, and went to prison for the murder of a man who insulted his sister.

Who do the shelter's inhabitants blame?

Almost all the characters in the play “At the Bottom” tend to blame life circumstances rather than themselves for the current situation. Perhaps, if they had turned out differently, nothing would have changed significantly, and the same fate would have befallen the night shelters anyway. The phrase that Bubnov said confirms this. He admitted that he actually drank the workshop away.

Apparently, the reason for the fall of all these people is their lack of a moral core, which constitutes a person’s personality. You can cite the words of the Actor as an example: “Why did you die? I had no faith...”

Was there a chance to live a different life?

By creating the images of the characters in the play “At the Bottom,” the author provided each of them with the opportunity to live a different life. That is, they had a choice. However, for each, the first test ended in the collapse of life. The baron, for example, could improve his affairs not by stealing government funds, but by investing money in profitable businesses that he had.

Satin could have taught the offender a lesson in another way. As for Vaska Ash, would there really be few places on earth where no one would know anything about him and his past? The same can be said about many of the inhabitants of the shelter. They have no future, but in the past they had a chance not to get here. However, the heroes of the play "At the Bottom" did not use it.

How do the heroes console themselves?

All they can do now is live with unrealistic hopes and illusions. Baron, Bubnov and Actor live with Dreams of true love Prostitute Nastya is amusing herself. At the same time, the characterization of the heroes of the play “At the Bottom” is complemented by the fact that these people, rejected by society, humiliated, wage endless debates about moral and spiritual problems. Although it would be more logical to talk about since they live from hand to mouth. Author's description heroes of the play "At the Bottom" says that they are interested in such issues as freedom, truth, equality, work, love, happiness, law, talent, honesty, pride, compassion, conscience, pity, patience, death, peace and much more other. They are also concerned about an even more important problem. They talk about what a person is, why he is born, what is the true meaning of existence. The philosophers of the shelter can be called Luka, Satina, Bubnova.

With the exception of Bubnov, all the heroes of the work reject the “losing” lifestyle. They hope for a lucky turn of fortune that will bring them from the “bottom” to the surface. Kleshch, for example, says that he has been working since he was young (this hero is a mechanic), so he will definitely get out of here. “Wait a minute... my wife will die...” he says. The actor, this chronic drunkard, hopes to find a luxurious hospital in which health, strength, talent, memory and applause from the audience will miraculously return to him. Anna, an unfortunate sufferer, dreams of bliss and peace in which she will finally be rewarded for her torment and patience. Vaska Pepel, this desperate hero, kills Kostylev, the owner of the shelter, because he considers the latter the embodiment of evil. His dream is to go to Siberia, where he will start a new life with his beloved girl.

Luke's role in the work

Luke, the wanderer, supports these illusions. He masters the skill of a comforter and preacher. Maxim Gorky portrays this hero as a doctor who considers all people to be terminally ill and sees his calling in softening their pain and hiding it from them. However, at every step life refutes the position of this hero. Anna, to whom he promises divine reward in heaven, suddenly wants to “live a little more....” Having first believed in a cure for alcoholism, the Actor commits suicide at the end of the play. Vaska Pepel defines true value to all these consolations of Luke. He claims that he “tells fairy tales” pleasantly, because there is so little good in the world.

Satin's opinion

Luka is full of sincere pity for the inhabitants of the shelter, but he cannot change anything, help people live a different life. In his monologue, Satin rejects this attitude because he considers it humiliating, suggesting the failure and wretchedness of those at whom this pity is directed. The main characters of the play "At the Bottom" Satin and Luka express opposing opinions. Satin says that it is necessary to respect a person and not humiliate him with pity. These words probably express the author’s position: “Man!.. This sounds... proud!”

The further fate of the heroes

What will happen to all these people in the future, will the heroes of Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” be able to change anything? It's not hard to imagine them future fate. For example, Tick. At the beginning of the work he tries to get out of the “bottom”. He thinks that when his wife dies everything will change magically for the better. However, after the death of his wife, Kleshch is left without tools and money and gloomily sings along with others: “I won’t run away anyway.” In fact, he will not run away, like the other inhabitants of the shelter.

What is salvation?

Are there any ways to escape from the “bottom” at all, and what are they? A decisive way out of this difficult situation may be outlined in Satin’s speech when he talks about the truth. He believes that the purpose strong man- to eradicate evil, and not to console the suffering, like Luke. This is one of the firmest convictions of Maxim Gorky himself. People can rise from the bottom only by learning to respect themselves and gaining self-esteem. Then they will be able to bear the proud title of Man. It still needs to be earned, according to Gorky.

Declaring his belief in the creative powers, abilities and intelligence of a free person, Maxim Gorky affirmed the ideas of humanism. The author understood that in the mouth of Satin, a drunken tramp, words about a free and proud man sound artificial. However, they had to sound in the play, expressing the ideals of the writer himself. There was no one to say this speech to except Satin.

In his work, Gorky refuted the main principles of idealism. These are the ideas of humility, forgiveness, non-resistance. He made it clear what beliefs the future belongs to. This is proven by the fate of the heroes of the play "At the Bottom". The entire work is imbued with faith in man.

The social and philosophical drama “At the Depths,” written by M. Gorky at the beginning of the twentieth century, touched upon the most important problems of society and showed the life of the lowest strata of the Russian population.

The heroes of the play are desperate people who have become regulars at a cave-like flophouse. This place is a shelter for them and at the same time a prison, since everyone knows that they will never get out of this “bottom”. The guests are aware of the plight, there is an abyss between them and the world, all ties have been severed: family, spiritual, social. Everyone has their own life drama that caused their fall.

The inhabitants of the shelter are not alien to ordinary feelings, they love and hate, they dream, they are disappointed, and most importantly, they think.

They often make interesting conclusions that reflect internal experiences. For example, Baron sees consolation in the fact that “everything has already happened! It’s over!”, he no longer expects anything from life. For the cap-taker Bubnov, the meaning of current existence is contained in the bitter: “So I drank - and I’m glad.” But true philosophical talent belongs to the former telegraph employee Satin, who argues

about the purpose of man. The hero’s phrase “Man – that sounds proud!” became well known.

The characters live in dreams and memories, but do absolutely nothing to change the situation. The reasons for falling to the “bottom” are different for everyone, but the internal state is similar. The years spent in the shelter left their mark on the characters of the inhabitants: their hearts became hardened, their souls became coarser. They managed to come to terms with the circumstances and became indifferent to their destinies.

The usual life changes with the appearance of the wanderer Luke in the shelter. This character reassures everyone, gives false hope for better life. However, along with Luka’s disappearance, the positive attitude of the night shelters also disappears.

Thus, the author reveals to the reader a real social tragedy. It shows that people living in the past, who are not ready to show firmness and change, are doomed to vegetate. The absence of an inner core and constant thoughts about the past is the inner drama of the play's disadvantaged heroes.

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Characteristics of the heroes “At the Bottom” help to compose general portrait people who are at the “day of life”: inaction, humility, unwillingness and inability to change their own lives.

Kostylevs

The owner of the flophouse, where the main characters of the play “At the Lower Depths” live, and his wife Vasilisa are evil and vicious people. These characters in “At the Bottom” considered themselves “masters of life,” not realizing that morally they were worse than those who were unlucky in life.

Actor

This former actor, whose body is now “poisoned by alcohol.” M. Gorky does not even give his hero a name to show that he is at the “day of life”, his lack of will and inaction.

Satin

Satin ended up in a shelter after being imprisoned for murdering a man. The hero understood that his life was over, so he did not try to change it. Satin is a kind of philosopher who discusses many eternal questions. M. Gorky special attention devotes time to description this image, since it largely expresses the author’s position.

Nastya

This is a young girl who dreams of sincere love, despite the fact that she herself is a girl of easy virtue.

Vaska Ash

Vaska is a thief who dreams of an honest life in Siberia next to his beloved Natasha. However, Ash's dreams are not destined to come true: wanting to protect Natasha, he kills Kostylev and ends up in prison.

Natasha

This is Vasilisa’s sister, who always endures bullying and even beatings from the Kostylevs.

Luke

This is an elderly wanderer, whose views influence the inhabitants of the shelter. Luke has compassion for the people around him, consoles them, believing that a white lie can motivate a person to take specific actions.

Luke’s role in the lives of the residents of the shelter is great, but the hero’s help is ambiguous, as reflected in the following table:

Mite

Kleshch is a mechanic by profession. He works honestly and hard to get out of the shelter. Gradually, his efforts stop, as he realizes that he is no different from the people next to him, whom he previously despised. The tick is angry at his own fate, having already stopped trying to change his life for the better.

Anna

Kleshch's wife, who is dying. She understands that absolutely no one needs her, not even her own husband, who believes that her death will benefit both of them.

Bubnov

Previously, the hero owned a dyeing workshop, but environment broke Bubnov when his wife ran away from him to the master. Being at the “day of life”, Bubnov does not strive to improve his life; he actually goes with the flow, without thinking about the future.

Baron

The Baron is a man who does not think about a good future, he lives in the past, which was good for him.

Kvashnya

The heroine of the work is a dumpling seller. This strong woman, who is used to earning a living by her own labor. Life has not made her embittered; she is used to helping other people.

Medvedev

This is a policeman who visits the shelter to maintain order. Throughout the entire story, he takes care of Kvashnya, and in the end the woman agrees to a relationship with him.

Alyoshka

This is a young shoemaker whose drunkenness led him to the “bottom of life.” He does not strive to correct himself, to become better, he is happy with what he has.

Tatar

The Tatar is a key holder who believed that every person should live an honest life, despite various circumstances.

Crooked Goiter

This is another key holder who justified his dishonest lifestyle by saying that honest people will not be able to survive in this world.

This article, which will help you write an essay “Characteristics of the heroes “At the Bottom””, will give brief information about the characters of M. Gorky's play.

Work test

The social and philosophical drama “At the Depths,” written by M. Gorky at the beginning of the twentieth century, touched upon the most important problems of society and showed the life of the lowest strata of the Russian population.

The heroes of the play are desperate people who have become regulars at a cave-like flophouse. This place is a shelter for them and at the same time a prison, since everyone knows that they will never get out of this “bottom”. The guests are aware of the plight, there is an abyss between them and the world, all ties have been severed: family, spiritual, social.

Everyone has their own

Life drama that caused the fall.

The inhabitants of the shelter are not alien to ordinary feelings, they love and hate, they dream, they are disappointed, and most importantly, they think.

They often make interesting conclusions that reflect internal experiences. For example, Baron sees consolation in the fact that “everything has already happened! It’s over!”, he no longer expects anything from life.

For the cap-taker Bubnov, the meaning of current existence is contained in the bitter: “So I drank - and I’m glad.” But the true philosophical talent is possessed by the former telegraph employee Satin, who talks about the purpose of man. The hero’s phrase “Man – that sounds proud!” became well known.

The characters live in dreams and memories, but do absolutely nothing to change the situation. The reasons for falling to the “bottom” are different for everyone, but the internal state is similar. The years spent in the shelter left their mark on the characters of the inhabitants: their hearts became hardened, their souls became coarser.

They managed to come to terms with the circumstances and became indifferent to their destinies.

The usual life changes with the appearance of the wanderer Luke in the shelter. This character reassures everyone, gives false hope for a better life. However, along with Luka’s disappearance, the positive attitude of the night shelters also disappears.

Thus, the author reveals to the reader a real social tragedy. It shows that people living in the past, who are not ready to show firmness and change, are doomed to vegetate. The absence of an inner core and constant thoughts about the past is the inner drama of the play's disadvantaged heroes.

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31. Each is his own destiny M. Gorky's play “At the Depths” was written during the transition period, at the very beginning of the 20th century. The author called his work differently, but in the end settled on the title “At the Bottom,” which most fully reflected the content of the play. The action of the film takes place in a shelter for the poor, the owners of which are 54-year-old Kostylev and his young but evil […]...
32. At all times, man has strived to know his “I”. Revealing this secret is one of the main goals of writers. Great minds, including Maxim Gorky, tried to solve the problem of good and evil, strength and weakness, and the search for oneself. Within the walls of the doss house were the most different people. Each of them is endowed with its own individual characteristics. But they all have one thing in common [...]
33. In world literature, Dostoevsky has the honor of discovering inexhaustibility and multidimensionality human soul. The writer showed the possibility of combining low and high, insignificant and great, vile and noble in one person. Man is a mystery, especially Russian man. “Russian people in general broad people... wide as their land, and extremely prone to the fanatical, to the disorderly; but the trouble is to be [...]
34. The play shows the “humiliated and insulted”, thrown to the bottom of life. Each of them has their own biography, their own history, their own dream. These formerly worthy people are victims of the conditions prevailing in society, where no one cares about anyone else, where wolf laws apply. The fate of each of them is tragic, since neither a drunken actor nor [...] can rise from the bottom.
35. The play “At the Bottom” is quite complex, but very interesting work Gorky. The author managed to combine in it everyday specifics and generalized symbols, real human images and abstract philosophy. Gorky's skill was especially evident in the description of the inhabitants of the shelter, so different from each other. Play an important role in the work female images. Natasha, Vasilisa, Nastya, Anna, Kvashnya – very interesting […]...
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38. The wanderer Luke becomes the center of the characters' disputes about truth and lies. First he says to the Actor: “Nowadays there is a cure for drunkenness, listen! They treat them for free, brother... this is the kind of hospital that is set up for drunkards... so that, therefore, they can be treated for nothing...” With this lie, he instills in a person the belief that life can be changed. Luke’s lie serves as a consolation for the heroes; it is, as it were, a way of expressing [...]
39. In world literature, Dostoevsky has the honor of describing the inexhaustibility and multidimensionality of the human soul. The writer showed the possibility of combining low and high, vile and noble in one person. Man is a mystery, especially Russian man. This is the key to understanding Raskolnikov’s character. The very name of the hero indicates duality, the internal ambiguity of the image. Excruciating internal struggle not at all [...]
40. 1. The system of characters in M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths”. 2. The originality of the conflict and composition of M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths”. 3. Which is better: truth or compassion? (Based on M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths.”) 4. Man and truth in M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths.” 5. M. Gorky’s play “At the Depths” as a socio-philosophical drama. 6. Problems of goodness and truth […]...