Bezhin Meadow main characters characteristics table. Boys are the heroes of the story by I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow"

15.10.2019

1) The history of the creation of the collection by I.S. Turgenev "Notes of a Hunter".

In 1845 I.S. Turgenev decided to devote himself entirely to literary activity. Two years before this, Ivan Sergeevich meets famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who was the ideological inspirer of the future collection “Notes of a Hunter”. Summer months I.S. Turgenev spent time in the village, where everything free time gave it to hunting. Hunters, due to the special wandering nature of their profession, differed from simple serfs: they were more open, sensitive to the beauties of nature, and retained a free and independent mind. Meeting with various hunters from the people, listening to their stories, Turgenev gradually plunged into the elements folk life, the writer began to formulate a plan for the future literary work. Thus, in 1847, the first story by I.S. was published in the Sovremennik magazine. Turgenev “Khor and Kapinich”, which laid the foundation for the collection called by the writer “Notes of a Hunter”. Already during Ivan Sergeevich’s lifetime, the collection was very popular.

2) Features of the genre of the work I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow". Work by I.S. Turgenev's "Running Meadow" is a short story. The story is short in volume epic work, telling about one or more events from a person’s life.

3) Characteristics of the heroes of the story “Bezhin Meadow”. The character of the hero is revealed by Turgenev through descriptions of appearance, through his attitude to the stories that the boys tell.

The image of Pavlusha. Pavlusha is one of five boys whom the narrator met at the fire that the boys were burning. The whole appearance of the boy speaks of the plight of his family: all his clothes “consisted of a simple, rugged shirt and patched ports.” Outwardly awkward: “hair... tousled, black, gray eyes, wide cheekbones, pale, pockmarked face, mouth, as they say, like a beer kettle, squat, clumsy body,” Pavlusha attracts with his intelligent and direct gaze, as well as strength, sounded in the voice. It is Pavlusha who is entrusted with watching the pot brewing on the fire. This means that this is a familiar thing for the boy. The hero speaks with knowledge about both the fish that flashed on the river and the rolling star: “...Look, it splashed,” he added, turning his face in the direction of the river, “it must be a pike... And there the star rolled.” Pavel behaves more courageously than other guys. When, after Ilyusha’s story about the forest evil spirits, everyone shuddered when they heard someone’s hissing whistle, Pavel shouted: “Eh, you crows!.., why are you alarmed?” - and immediately turned the conversation to an everyday topic, saying that the potatoes were boiled. The hero is well versed in the habits of forest animals and birds: he either hears the cry of a heron, or explains that white dove got away from home and is now looking for a place to stay for the night. Returning from the river, Pavel says that it seemed to him as if a merman was calling him. Ilyusha, who was afraid of everything, notes that this is a bad omen. But Pavel is not afraid to accept it, because he believes in fate and believes that “you cannot escape your fate.” At the end of the story, the reader learns about tragic death boy, but not in the water: “he was killed by falling from a horse.” It is Pavlusha who arouses the narrator’s greatest sympathy, since, unafraid, he “rushed after the dogs with a scream.” At this moment he was especially good: “His ugly face, animated by fast driving, burned with bold prowess and firm determination. Without a twig in his hand, at night, he, without hesitation at all, galloped alone towards the wolf...”

Who is the main character of the story? (peasant boys from neighboring villages who guarded the herd)

How did the narrator get to Bezhin Meadow? (he got lost)

Characterize each of the five boys (Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya, Vanya) according to the following plan (work carefully with the text of the work of fiction):

Age;
- appearance, features of clothing;
- attitude towards other boys;
- the story being told;
- behavior during any unexpected rustling.
-Which of the boys evokes the narrator’s greatest sympathy? Why? (Pavlusha, because he is the most courageous.)
- Which of the boys understands folk beliefs best of all? On what basis did you draw this conclusion? (Ilyusha, since it is he who tells greatest number different stories.)
- Which of the boys behaves most patronizingly? Why? (Fedya, since he is the eldest - he is about fourteen years old - and from a rich family, therefore he went to the field not out of necessity, but for fun.)

4) The image of the narrator in the story. The narrator in Turgenev's story is an outside observer, a hunter who got lost and accidentally ended up in Bezhin Meadow. The image of the narrator in “Notes of a Hunter” is very necessary and active, appearing in several guises. It’s like a hunter encountering interesting people, when his belonging to a privileged class is not at all important. Either he is a casual spectator or an involuntary witness to a meeting or conversation (“Date”, “Office”). One can feel the class distance: he is a gentleman meeting with gentlemen, recalling previous meetings with persons who shed light on what is happening (“Yermolai and the miller’s wife”). Then the narrator seems to completely dissolve in the narrative (“Singers”). But he is always handsome, noble, and stands closer to the righteous peasants than to the masters. He even takes the side of the oppressed: he persuaded Biryuk to pardon the peasant, and is disgusted with Penochkin and others like him. This is, undoubtedly, an enlightened “friend of humanity” in the spirit of the forties, preaching social equality, seeing the vices of the serfdom system that oppresses the humiliated and insulted.

5) The role of landscape in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Bezhin Meadow". A passionate lover of nature, Turgenev made extensive use of descriptions of nature in “Notes of a Hunter.” Turgenev treated nature as an elemental force living independent life. Turgenev's landscapes are strikingly concrete and at the same time covered with the experiences of the narrator and characters, they are dynamic and closely related to the action. The landscape in Turgenev’s story is not only a background, but also through the description of nature the feelings and experiences of the heroes of the work are revealed.

The story “Bezhin Meadow” begins with a description of a beautiful summer July day. Here I.S. Turgenev uses epithets: “dawn... spreads with a gentle blush”, “the sun is not fiery, not incandescent”, “lilac... fog”, “the color of the sky, light, pale lilac”, metaphors: “sun... floats up peacefully”, “clouds... almost do not budge”, “the colors are all softened”, comparisons: “clouds disappear... like smoke”, “like a carefully carried candle,... an evening star”, which convey beauty , spilled in nature. Landscape sketches reflect great mood, wonderful impressions of the narrator. The state of serene peace and silence emanating from nature is conveyed to the reader, who becomes, as it were, a participant in the events and feels, just like the narrator, all the facets of the July day and the approaching evening: both “the scarlet glow... over the darkened earth,” and “the stamp of some touching meekness”, and “accumulated heat”, and the smell of wormwood, rye, buckwheat. The change in landscape conveys the changing mood of the narrator, his anxiety and excitement. Instead of bright colors summer day dark and black colors appear: “dark and round brown”, “gloomy gloom”, “blackening”, “bluish airy emptiness”. Nature reflects the state of the hunter, therefore the epithets and metaphors used by the writer create an atmosphere of fear: in the ravine “it was mute and deaf”, “places almost completely drowned in darkness”, “no light flickered anywhere, no sound was heard”, “he found himself above a terrible the abyss." Together with the narrator, the reader feels fear and excitement. The landscape in Turgenev's story “Bezhin Meadow” helps the reader to more deeply convey the changing mood of the narrator.

How does a writer begin his work? (from a description of nature)

About what time year goes by speech in the story? (July)

Find in the text epithets for the word sun (“not fiery, not red-hot... not dull purple... but bright and welcoming-radiant”)

Choose synonyms for the word sun used by the writer in the text of the story (“mighty luminary”, “scarlet radiance”, etc.)

How does the color scheme of the work gradually change? How does the reader understand that the narrator is lost? (Gradually, light color epithets are replaced by: “a dark and round hillock”, “places ... drowned in darkness”, “above a terrible abyss”, etc.)

"Bezhin Meadow" I. Turgenev

The boys' stories are a reflection of the reality of the life of peasants. Everyone tells their own story, but they all talk about the fears, anxieties, and experiences of ordinary people. Superstitions based on illiteracy show the level of village life. People are afraid of the unknown if they cannot explain something , then these are the tricks of evil spirits. Lack of education gives rise to fears, children’s stories convey the attitude of adults to life, hard and joyless. Dead people in stories, the theme of death is hot topic o which ordinary people say, many cannot withstand the hardships of life and leave voluntarily. The mystery of life and death is incomprehensible to the minds of ordinary people, so they try to comprehend the incomprehensible through stories and beliefs, incredible stories.
Ilyusha, a boy of about 12 years old, working with his brother at a paper factory, from peasants, but not poor, even having his own new bast shoes and shirt. A white-haired, almost white boy, with a long, blind face. The work is not easy, they often stay overnight on factory, so as not to waste time on the way home. A boy's story about a brownie who frightened the workers at the factory. He himself did not see the evil spirits, he tells from the words of "eyewitnesses", but very colorfully and in detail describes the tricks of the evil spirits. The story of the drowned man shows the fears of the workers before death, the lambs on the graves are like an attempt to comprehend death, even the porch in front of the church, in Ilyusha’s story, sounds like a prediction of who will die next year. The story of Trishka and the solar eclipse is peasant fears about the end of the world.
Kostya, a sickly and thin peasant boy, about 10 years old. Small facial features, similar to a squirrel, with large, oily eyes. He is afraid of the stories of his comrades, a coward, according to the author. His story is about a meeting of a mermaid with a carpenter, who invited him to her place The carpenter found his way home, but after that he became unsociable. Kostya tells his story like a fairy tale. The story about the death of Vasya and his mother is like a folk song. Village fears are reflected in the boy’s stories.
Pavlusha, from a poor family, he doesn’t even have bast shoes. Unprepossessing, with ugly face and dark hair, in a shirt and “patched” pants. He is 12 years old, but he is the only one of the whole company trying to explain superstitions. Encouraging his comrades, he tries to show them that the cry of a bird in the night is not the work of evil spirits, but just nature. Not it’s worth calling on the power of the cross, you can see what’s happening. He alone is not afraid of the night and its sounds, he boldly runs with dogs, draws water from the river, despite the call of the drowned Vasya. Courage, an attempt to rationally explain many events, knowledge of nature, criticism of superstitions and prejudice - this distinguishes Pavlusha from all other boys.
Fedya the oldest of all, he is 14 years old and from a wealthy peasant family. Slender, blond, with a beautiful face and an absent-minded smile. He went out at night not out of need, but for fun, he doesn’t have to work, he “even has his own boots “There is also a good-quality, elegant shirt. He likes stories about evil spirits, but he himself has nothing to tell, nothing supernatural happens in his calm, well-fed life, his family is not disturbed by rumors and tales, he is protected from superstitious passions by his position. Lacticity, mocking tone shows a condescending attitude towards others, he imitates his father, who commands the workers. Fedya does not want to lose his dignity, he does not say much, as the adults around him do when talking with his subordinates. laconic, as if they were doing a favor.
Vanya the smallest of the guys, about 7 years old. A curly, blond boy, with blush on his cheeks and blue eyes, quiet and calm, with a little burr. He slept while everyone was sharing stories, and when he woke up, he saw the sky. He compared the stars to swarming bees and I told my comrades this in a thin voice.
Children's stories show the difference in their situation, the poorest has no time to be “afraid”, waste time on fears, he works to get a piece of bread, the richest and does not know these fears, they are alien to him, they only arouse interest, exciting the imagination, for him this only an adventure in his quiet life. And the little one is still far from prejudices, he is just beginning to learn amazing world and sees it through the eyes of a child, where the stars are magic bees.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev - a wonderful Russian writer XIX c., who already during his lifetime gained a reading vocation and world fame. His work served the cause of the abolition of serfdom and inspired the fight against autocracy.

Turgenev's works poetically capture pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of genuine human feelings. The author knew how to deeply and subtly comprehend modern life, truthfully and poetically reproducing it in his works. He saw the true interest of life not in the severity of its external manifestations, not in intrigue, but in the complex world of human psychology, which ultimately determines the true drama of relationships between people.

The story “Bezhin Meadow” introduced the problem of depiction into Russian literature children's world and child psychology. The appearance of this story meant new twist and expansion of the theme of the Russian peasant world. His children's representatives show his talent, beauty and at the same time the tragedy of the situation.

In the story “Bezhin Meadow” Turgenev describes five heroes: Fedya, Pavlusha, Ilyusha, Kostya and Vanya. Talking in detail about the appearance and clothing features of the boys, the author shows the difference in their characters. Fedya, a boy of fourteen, “was a slender boy, with beautiful and delicate, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile. He belonged, by all accounts, to a wealthy family and went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” Pavlusha “had disheveled, black hair, gray eyes, wide cheekbones, a pale, pockmarked face, a large mouth,” but at the same time one can feel his character: “he looked very smart and straight, and there was strength in his voice.” . Ilyusha was completely different: “his face... was rather insignificant: hook-nosed, elongated, slightly blind, it expressed some kind of dull, painful solicitude; his compressed lips did not move, his knitted eyebrows did not move apart - it was as if he was squinting in the fire.” Kostya was about ten years old, “his whole face was small, thin, freckled, pointed downwards, like a squirrel’s; lips could barely be distinguished; but his large, black eyes, shining with a liquid brilliance, made a strange impression; they seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language—in his language at least.” Vanya, a boy of about ten years old, “lay on the ground, quietly huddled under the angular matting, and only occasionally stuck his brown curly head out from under it. This boy was only seven years old.”

Turgenev’s night spiritually liberates a person, disturbs his imagination with the endless mysteries of the universe: “I looked around: the night stood solemnly and royally... Countless golden stars seemed to flow, flickering vying with each other, in the direction of the Milky Way, and, rightly, looking at them, you as if they themselves vaguely felt the rapid, non-stop running of the earth..."

Night nature suggests beautiful stories from legends to children, offers riddles and itself talks about their possible resolution. Explaining the mysterious phenomena of nature, peasant children cannot get rid of the impressions of the world around them. Nature disturbs human thought with its riddles and makes it possible to feel the relativity of any discoveries and solutions to its secrets. She humbles a person's strength, showing her superiority.

With love and tenderness Turgenev draws in the story “Bezhin Meadow” peasant children, their rich spiritual world, their ability to subtly sense the beauty of nature. The writer sought not only to awaken in the reader a feeling of love and respect for the village children, but also made him think about their future fate.

The author has always been attracted to people who are spiritually and emotionally gifted, honest and sincere. Such people live on the pages of his works, and their lives, just as it happens in reality, are very difficult, because these are people of high moral principles, high demands on themselves and others.

The images of the boys - the heroes of the story - are covered in a lyrical mood of sadness and sympathy. But it ends with a life-affirming, festive picture of the coming morning.

Turgenev's landscapes represent the embodiment of the author's, Turgenev's perception of nature, the heroes who are close to him and appear in the story as his representatives.

I. S. Turgenev is an insightful and perspicacious artist, sensitive to everything, able to notice and describe the most insignificant, small details. Turgenev perfectly mastered the skill of description. All his paintings are alive, clearly presented, filled with sounds. Turgenev's landscape is psychological, connected with the experiences and appearance of the characters in the story, with their everyday life. Undoubtedly, the landscape in the story “Bezhin Meadow” plays an important role. We can say that the whole story is permeated with artistic sketches that define the state […]
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In the story by I.S. Turgenev's "Bezhin Meadow" we meet a hunter lost in the forest, on whose behalf the story is told. He belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun. All the images of boys in Turgenev’s story turned out to be bright and expressive. He listened carefully to all the boys, but showed with all his appearance that he did not believe in their stories.

Watching them and listening to their conversation, the hunter gives each of the guys a detailed description, noting their natural talent. And although he was unprepossessing in appearance, Ivan Petrovich immediately liked him. What a nice boy!” - this is how the hunter assessed him. Only his innate courage and strong character did not reward him with a long life.

What did I. S. Turgenev want to convey with the images of boys around the fire?

It’s a pity, he was a nice guy!” - Turgenev finishes his story with sadness in his soul. During the conversation, he behaves in a businesslike manner, asks questions, puts on airs, patronizingly allows the boys to share amazing stories. Ilyusha is a twelve-year-old boy with an insignificant appearance, a hook-nosed face, and an elongated, blinded face, expressing “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.”

How does the author manage to show a different attitude towards each of the boys in the story “Bezhin Meadow”? Find words that show this attitude.

Ilyusha differs from the rest of the village boys in his skill in retelling stories in an interesting and captivating way. scary stories. However, he also retells to his friends the story he heard from his father about the mermaid, about the voice from the butch, and also about the unfortunate Vasya, a boy from his village. The hunter, listening to their conversation, identifies each boy with his own characteristics and notices their talent. The eldest of them is Fedya. He comes from a rich family, and he went out at night for fun.

He also had a comb, a rare item among peasant children. The boy is slender, not hard-working, with beautiful and small features, with blond hair, “white-handed.” He also paid attention to his talents: Pavlusha looked very smart and direct, “and there was strength in his voice.” The author paid attention to the clothes in the last place.

The boy is very superstitious, he believes in mermaids and mermaids, which he told the other guys about. He imitates adults and often says “my brothers” in his speech. The author called Kostya a coward for his fear of wolves, comparing him with Pavel.

Busy and serious, with all their childish spontaneity, the guys not only make us smile, but also real respect. Night time, bonfires, conversations while waiting for “potatoes” - this is not fun at all.

He was not afraid when he went alone into the darkness to the river, because “I wanted to drink some water.” In the leisurely conversations of the boys, in the “tales” they tell about goblins, merman and mermaids, all the richness of the spiritual world of the ordinary Russian person is revealed to us. In the poetic story “Bezhin Meadow”, images of peasant children appear. Turgenev gives their detailed emotional and psychological characteristics. These guys are very active and inquisitive.

In peasant boys, Turgenev reveals the poetic nature of the Russian people, their living connection with native nature. Against the backdrop of the poetic and mysterious Central Russian nature, the author with extraordinary sympathy draws village children in the night. The lost hunter sits next to the lit fires and, in the mysterious light of the fire, peers into the faces of the boys.

Description of Ilyusha from the story “Bezhin Meadow”

The lost hunter loves the rare prowess, determination, courage and modesty of Pavlusha, who gallops after the dogs on a frightening night, without even a simple twig in his hands. The hunter also likes little Kostya, endowed with a “thoughtful gaze” and a developed imagination. Real life, according to Turgenev, will soon dispel the illusions and mystical moods of the boys, but will certainly preserve their rare poetic feelings.

This is a collection that includes essays, short stories and short stories. In the story “Bezhin Meadow” main character got lost after hunting, lost his way and ended up in a meadow near a river. There he met “peasant children from neighboring villages who were guarding the herd.”

The story very briefly and clearly gives a portrait of each of the boys and tells their stories in detail. The author does not give a portrait description of Vanya, only writes that he was only seven years old. He lay and did not move under his matting. One of the boys met by the hunter in the valley was Pavlusha. All the scary stories in the story are selected in such a way that they are in harmony with both the night landscape and the excitement of children thirsting for something extraordinary.

To the galaxy of remarkable Russian writers of the 19th century who received global recognition and the love of readers during his lifetime, refers to Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. In his works, he poetically described pictures of Russian nature, the beauty of human feelings. The work of Ivan Sergeevich is complex world human psychology. With the story “Bezhin Meadow,” the image of the child’s world and child psychology was first introduced into Russian literature. With the appearance of this story, the theme of the world of Russian peasants expanded.

History of creation

Peasant children are depicted by the writer with tenderness and love; he notes their rich spiritual world, ability to feel nature and its beauty. The writer awakened in readers love and respect for peasant children, made them think about their future destinies. The story itself is part of a large cycle under common name"Notes of a Hunter." The cycle is notable for the fact that for the first time in Russian literature, types of Russian peasants were brought onto the stage, described with such sympathy and detail that Turgenev’s contemporaries considered that a new class had emerged that was worthy of literary description.

In 1843 I.S. Turgenev met the famous critic V.G. Belinsky, who inspired him to create “Notes of a Hunter.” In 1845, Ivan Sergeevich decided to devote himself entirely to literature. He spent the summer in the village, devoting all his free time to hunting and communicating with peasants and their children. Plans for creating the work were first announced in August September 1850. Then, notes containing plans for writing the story appeared on the draft manuscript. At the beginning of 1851, the story was written in St. Petersburg and in February it was published in the Sovremennik magazine.

Analysis of the work

Plot

The story is told from the perspective of the author, who loves to hunt. One day in July, while hunting for black grouse, he got lost and, walking towards the fire of a burning fire, came out into a huge meadow, which local residents called Bezhin. Five peasant boys were sitting near the fire. Having asked them for an overnight stay, the hunter lay down by the fire, watching the boys.

In the further narrative, the author describes five heroes: Vanya, Kostya, Ilya, Pavlusha and Fyodor, their appearance, characters and stories of each of them. Turgenev was always partial to spiritual and emotionally gifted people, sincere and honest. These are the people he describes in his works. Most of them live hard lives, but they adhere to high moral principles and are very demanding of themselves and others.

Heroes and characteristics

With deep sympathy, the author describes five boys, each of whom has his own character, appearance, and characteristics. This is how the writer describes one of the five boys, Pavlusha. The boy is not very handsome, his face is wrong, but the author notices in his voice and look strong character. His appearance speaks of the extreme poverty of the family, since all his clothes consisted of a simple shirt and patched trousers. It is he who is entrusted with monitoring the stew in the pot. He speaks knowledgeably about a fish splashing in the water and a star falling from the sky.

It is clear from his actions and speech that he is the most courageous of all the guys. This boy evokes the greatest sympathy not only from the author, but also from the reader. With one twig, unafraid, at night he galloped alone towards the wolf. Pavlusha knows all the animals and birds very well. He is brave and not afraid of acceptance. When he says that it seemed to him that the merman was calling him, the cowardly Ilyusha says that this is a bad omen. But Pavel answers him that he does not believe in omens, but believes in fate, from which you cannot escape anywhere. At the end of the story, the author informs the reader that Pavlusha died after falling from a horse.

Next comes Fedya, a boy of fourteen “with beautiful and delicate, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile. He belonged, by all accounts, to a rich family and went to the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He is the oldest among the guys. He behaves importantly, according to the right of his elder. He speaks patronizingly, as if afraid of losing his dignity.

The third boy, Ilyusha, was completely different. Also a simple peasant boy. He looks no more than twelve years old. His insignificant, elongated, hook-nosed face had a constant expression of dull, painful solicitude. His lips were compressed and did not move, and his eyebrows were knitted, as if he was constantly squinting from the fire. The boy is neat. As Turgenev describes his appearance, “a rope carefully tied his neat black scroll.” He is only 12 years old, but he already works with his brother in a paper mill. We can conclude that he is a hardworking and responsible boy. Ilyusha, as the author noted, knew everything well folk beliefs, which Pavlik completely denied.

Kostya looked no more than 10 years old, his small, freckled face was pointed, like a squirrel’s, and his huge black eyes stood out on him. He was also poorly dressed, thin and short in stature. He spoke in a thin voice. The author's attention is drawn to his sad, thoughtful look. He is a slightly cowardly boy, but, nevertheless, he goes out with the boys every night to graze horses, sit by the night fire and listen to scary stories.

The most inconspicuous boy of all five is ten-year-old Vanya, who was lying near the fire, “quietly huddled under the angular matting, and only occasionally exposed his light brown curly head from under it.” He is the youngest of all, the writer does not give him portrait characteristics. But all his actions, admiring the night sky, admiring the stars, which he compares to bees, characterize him as an inquisitive, sensitive and very sincere person.

All the peasant children mentioned in the story are very close to nature, they literally live in unity with it. From early childhood, they already know what work is and independently learn about the world around them. This is facilitated by working at home and in the field, and during night trips. That is why Turgenev describes them with such love and reverent attention. These children are our future.

The writer's story does not belong only to the time of its creation, to the 19th century. This story is deeply modern and timely at all times. Today, more than ever, a return to nature is required, to the understanding that we must protect it and live in unity with it, as a beloved mother, but not a stepmother. Raise our children on work and respect for it, on respect for the working person. Then the world around us will change, become cleaner and more beautiful.