How to receive business development benefits. Subsidies for small businesses - features of obtaining government support

12.10.2019

No small business owner can say that they have an abundance of funds. Since its creation, the enterprise has constantly experienced a financial deficit: most often, even with strict savings, there is only enough money for the bare necessities, and many plans for development, the development of new markets or the production of any products in demand by consumers remain unrealized.

Entrepreneurs who find themselves in a similar situation should figure out how to get a subsidy for small business development in 2018: free financial assistance from the state, when used correctly, becomes the very catalyst that allows you to take the enterprise to a qualitatively different level. Of course, there are known restrictions and conditions for applicants taking part in competitions for the provision of support of this type, and business plans proposed for consideration are thoroughly checked, however, practice shows that with the proper level of elaboration, even the most ordinary projects have quite real chances for success.

Preferred destinations

It is not surprising that the state is implementing a strategy for the development of small businesses in order to obtain maximum benefit from private enterprises for the regions. Therefore in every area local authorities create your own list priority areas business, considering characteristic features territories, weak points in the economy and resources available to entrepreneurs. However, upon closer examination, it is possible to identify areas common to all subjects of the Russian Federation:

Breeding birds and animals, growing plants;
Processing of agricultural products;
Doing business in remote villages and villages;
Industrial production of products and essential goods;
Waste disposal and recycling;
Introduction of new technologies and innovations;
Production of goods with export value;
Housing and communal services;
Transport business, including passenger and intercity transportation;
Development of domestic and ecological tourism;
Socially important sectors - medicine, sports, education;
Providing employment for people with disabilities;
Civil Engineering;
Artistic folk crafts;
Nature conservation, production of environmental products;
Household services.

It should be noted that entrepreneurs creating or developing projects in the following areas cannot apply for financial assistance to small businesses from the state in 2018, preferential loans or other forms of subsidies:

Lending, insurance, investment in securities, Forex trading, implementation of non-state pension programs, pawnshop activities;
Gambling, betting, bookmakers;
Production and sale of goods subject to excise duty;
Extraction and sale of minerals (except common ones).

Business plan

The basis for providing assistance to a start-up entrepreneur from the state in 2018 is, first of all, a correctly drawn up business plan. By providing this document, the businessman shows his awareness of the market situation, the presence of competitors, the target audience, and also demonstrates the ability to conduct the activities of the enterprise at a high professional level.

You should not develop a plan that is too complex, voluminous or confusing with many details: this will only complicate the work of the commission. A project of 50–90 pages is considered optimal, using numbers and other financial indicators clearly demonstrating the social effectiveness and importance of the business.

The document must contain the following sections:

Resume. Here it is necessary to short form indicate the objectives and benefits of the project, describe the product or service being produced, give arguments in favor of the social significance of the subsidized activity;
Analysis of the market situation. In the section you need to consider the state of affairs on the market, the volume of consumption of the products or services offered, mention existing analogues and analyze the strategy of competitors;
Production plan. This paragraph is devoted to the organization of the production process, suppliers and methods of purchasing equipment and raw materials, new jobs and staffing table enterprises;
Marketing plan. Here you should consider the composition of the target audience, methods of selling products or services, pricing policy companies, marketing activities to promote the brand and the product itself;
Financial plan. In this section, you need to calculate the volume of initial investments taking into account subsidies, the amount of overhead costs, determine the potential profit, profitability and payback period of the project;
Risk analysis. This paragraph should be devoted to studying the risks and factors that negatively affect business, and also consider ways to combat them.

When assessing the prospects of a project, the competition commission of the fund, which provides subsidies to small businesses from the state in 2018, pays attention to some characteristics that directly affect the making of a positive or negative decision. These criteria include:

Social orientation. The business plan must consider in detail the social problems that can be solved by implementing the project;
New jobs. For projects that involve the creation of several new jobs, the likelihood of approval increases significantly;
Profitability. We should not forget that the main goal of a business is to generate income. Therefore, the presented project must not only be socially useful, but also cost-effective;
Targeted use of the subsidy. The economic part of the plan must describe all areas of spending public funds. The commission must understand that not a single penny will be spent in vain;
Own investments. The more own funds The entrepreneur plans to invest in the business in addition to the subsidy, the greater the chance of success. For some types of assistance, equity investment is mandatory.

Subsidy for starting a business

For aspiring entrepreneurs, the first authority to allocate money for starting a small business from the state in 2018 is the Employment Center. Here a special commission reviews projects submitted by newcomers; implementation of the most good ideas stimulated by funding in the amount of 12 months of unemployment benefits, which at the moment is 58,800 rubles.

Who can receive a subsidy?

This form of subsidy for opening a small business 2018 provided by the Employment Center is intended exclusively for unemployed citizens who want to create their own business and thus ensure their own self-employment. Persons who can apply for government funding are:

Have a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
Have reached the age of majority;
Registered with the local central registration center;
Have been officially unemployed for more than a month;
We were unable to get a job in the areas proposed by the Center for Employment.

Persons under the age of majority;
Full-time university students;
Citizens receiving an old-age pension;
Persons with a criminal record;
Unemployed people dismissed by court decision;
Unemployed people dismissed for any violation of labor discipline;
Citizens who violate the rules established by the Center for Significance;
Entrepreneurs who ceased operations less than 6 months ago.

Receipt procedure

How to get money for business 2018 from the state free of charge? First of all, you need to contact your local Employment Center and provide its employees with the following package of documents:

Passport with registration mark;
Personal work record;
Certificate of pension insurance;
Certificate of issuance of TIN;
Certificate of income received at the previous place of work;
Diploma of secondary specialized or higher education.

After registration, the candidate will be offered several vacancies. Of course, you need to pass these interviews in such a way as to be denied employment. After a month, the now officially unemployed citizen can move on to the second stage of creating his own business with the help of the state. To do this you should:

Get advice from a Center employee about the availability of subsidy programs;
Take a test for entrepreneurial skills;
Write an application for participation in the self-employment program;
Draw up a business plan for the project;
Submit an application and plan to the appropriate department of the Central Planning Committee;
Expect the application to be reviewed by the commission within 10 days;
If necessary, defend the project before the commission;
After receiving approval, enter into a subsidy agreement with the Central Bank;
Register an individual entrepreneur and open a current account.

The subsidy for starting a business is free of charge. Therefore, the Employment Center strictly controls the appropriateness of spending funds on certain projects. To receive help from the state, an aspiring businessman must draw up a high-quality business plan and defend it before the commission: not only the social benefits and profitability of the enterprise are important, but also the personality of the applicant, his self-confidence, knowledge, and understanding of the essence of entrepreneurship.

Purpose

This form of financial assistance to small businesses from the state in 2018 involves targeted spending of funds exclusively to meet basic production needs:

Renting and repairing production premises;
Ensuring supplies of raw materials;
Purchasing a license (if necessary);
Purchase of technological equipment;
Organization of workplaces for hired employees;
Purchase of software.

Within three months after the assistance is transferred to the enterprise’s account, the businessman must report to the central authority on the use of the subsidy by providing checks, invoices, receipts or other financial documents. If violations of the established procedure are detected, the state has the right to demand the return of money.

Subsidy for business development

A subsidy for small business development in 2018 is free financial assistance allocated by the state as an incentive for the implementation of projects that are interesting and useful to society. Thus, we can formulate the main condition for receiving a grant: the presented idea must solve some social problem and benefit not only the entrepreneur, but also ordinary citizens. Financing similar business are engaged in:

SME Development Committee;
Committee economic development and investment activities;
Committee on Industrial Policy and Innovation;
Local authorities;
Fund for Assistance to the Development of Enterprises in the Scientific and Technical Sphere.

Who can receive a subsidy?

The most important restrictions for an entrepreneur applying for are the volume of turnover and the number of employees in his company, since only SMEs not exceeding established by law limits. When listing other characteristics of the candidate, it is necessary to mention the following:

The enterprise has existed for at least 12 months;
The main activity is the production of goods and services in one of the priority industries for subsidies;
The credit history of a businessman does not raise any questions for the commission;
The company has no debts on tax, pension and insurance payments;
The entrepreneur is ready to invest his own funds in the business (this share for different regions ranges from 15–30% of the total cost of the project).

Receipt procedure

You need to find the nearest regional branch of the SME Development Committee. Next, by personally contacting its employees, you should clarify the requirements for candidates and projects, the rules for drawing up a business plan and applications for participation in the competition. Finally, you can start collecting necessary documents, the list of which includes:

A well-developed business plan;
Passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
Certificate of registration of the enterprise;
Constituent documents (if any);
Application for participation in the competition;
Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities/Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs;
Notification from Rosstat;
A certificate from the Federal Tax Service confirming that there are no outstanding tax payments;
Certificates from other funds (PFR, Social Insurance Fund) about the absence of debt;
Evidence that the enterprise belongs to SMEs (certificates of annual turnover and average number employees).

The amount of state assistance also depends on the region: for example, in Moscow or St. Petersburg an entrepreneur can qualify for 500 thousand rubles, while in Kazan or Chelyabinsk the upper limit of subsidies is set at 300 thousand rubles. To increase the likelihood of receiving a grant, it is necessary to consider that:

The business plan needs to consider in detail the tasks that the enterprise can solve with the help of additional financing, and the purposes for which public funds will be directed;
You should not initially indicate inflated amounts in the application or adjust the business plan to the size of the grant;
Original and non-standard projects have a greater chance of success;
The 2018 small business development subsidy is transferred to the enterprise’s account in stages: after disbursing each tranche, it is necessary to submit a report on the use of funds to the fund. In addition, the entrepreneur must pay income tax on the received grant amount.

Purpose

The money received may be spent exclusively for the purposes specified in the business plan; no changes or deviations are allowed in this case. Moreover, funds should only be used to purchase fixed assets directly involved in the production process. For this reason, the state subsidy for business 2018 cannot be used to partially or fully reimburse expenses for such items as:

Purchase of real estate, furniture, household electronic appliances;
Design, construction and repair of capital structures;
Purchase of passenger vehicles;
Payment of wages;
Purchasing licenses, paying entrance fees to SRO;
Formation of authorized capital;
Printing of advertising products.

Subsidy for equipment modernization

Not all 2018 small business support programs implemented by the SME Support Committee are intended exclusively for start-up businessmen. Thus, long-established enterprises can reimburse up to 50% of the costs associated with upgrading equipment, purchasing more productive machines or production lines, provided that the subsidy amount does not exceed 5 million rubles.

Who can receive a subsidy?

Of course, in this case, a competition must be held among applicants. SMEs that meet the following requirements are allowed to participate in it:

The enterprise is not subject to closure, bankruptcy, reorganization or other actions restricting activities;
The entrepreneur has no debt to the state;
Salaries are paid on time and in full;
The salary of employees is not lower than the minimum in the region;
The company paid the supplier in full for the cost of the equipment;
The state did not allocate funds to the company for modernization this year.

Foreign enterprises and domestic firms, in the capital of which the share of foreign co-owners exceeds 50%, cannot apply for a subsidy.

Receipt procedure

To take part in the competition for the provision of financial assistance to entrepreneurs from the state in 2018, it is necessary to prepare and submit to the commission a package of documents confirming the expenditure of funds. It includes:

Application for subsidies for small businesses in 2018.

Attachments to the application, including full information about the applicant:

Name of the enterprise or information about the individual entrepreneur, place of registration, areas of activity;
Financial indicators - turnover, profit and tax payments, average number of employees and their wages;
The list of measures for the effective development of the subsidy - the number of jobs created, increase in revenue.

Evidence of the fact of legitimate acquisition of equipment and mechanisms:

Sale and purchase agreement and acceptance certificate;
Inventory card for accounting of fixed assets;
Technical data sheet or operating manual;
Evidence that the supplier is a manufacturer, official dealer or distributor of the specified type of equipment;
Receipts, invoices or other documents confirming the expenditure of funds for the purchase and installation of equipment.

The Commission publishes the dates for receipt and consideration of applications in advance. Making a decision takes no more than five working days, and in the process of selecting the winner, attention is paid to indicators of the social and economic efficiency of the project, including:

The ratio of the number of disabled people to the total number of employees;
The presence of an innovative component in the applicant’s activities;
Number of product supply agreements concluded with customers;
Increase in employee salaries;
Increase in revenue from sales of own-produced products;
Creation of new jobs.

A necessary condition for the allocation of assistance is the creation of at least one job when receiving 1–2 million rubles, and at least two when receiving subsidies in the amount of more than 2 million rubles. Besides:

Reimbursement for the purchase of equipment can only be made under one contract;
Purchased equipment cannot be sold, leased or transferred to anyone under a leasing agreement for three years after receiving the subsidy;
To reimburse part of the costs, the contract for the supply of equipment must be concluded no more than two years ago.

Purpose

The state budget finances only the modernization of equipment intended for the production of goods; businessmen who receive income from the provision of services are not entitled to such support for small businesses in 2018. In addition, the competition commission reviewing applications emphasizes special attention on the fact that:

The purchased equipment must be directly involved in the production process;
The equipment must be completely new, without traces of use;
You can only buy equipment or a production line from the manufacturer, official dealer or distributor;
The equipment must belong to at least the second depreciation group with an effective service life of more than two years.

Subsidy for business registration

Any beginning entrepreneur who wants to save money on registering his individual entrepreneur has to pay at least a state fee in the amount of 800 rubles and the services of a notary to certify copies of documents. Printing is also often required, which is theoretically optional, but desirable when working with clients and suppliers. Moreover, when registering an LLC, there are many more documents, and the fee is already 4,000 rubles: it is obvious that many would prefer to compensate for such expenses in the early stages of business development.

This issue is also dealt with by the Employment Center, which pays the entrepreneur a subsidy of up to 20,000 rubles to reimburse the costs of legalizing the enterprise. To receive it, an unemployed citizen must:

Register with the CZN. To do this, you will need a passport, TIN, personal pension certificate, work book and diploma;
Fill out the documents. It is necessary to register, obtain unemployed status, write an application for participation in the state small business support program 2018, and also conclude an agreement with the Center on the provision of subsidies;
Confirm your desire to create a business. Possible activities include taking training courses at the Employment Center entrepreneurial activity, psychological testing, attending seminars;
Register a business. You need to contact the Federal Tax Service, fill out documents and obtain a certificate of registration of SPD;
Provide confirmation to the central control center. You should provide the Employment Center with certificates of registration and registration, as well as documents confirming expenses - a receipt for payment of state duty, paid bills from a consultant, notary and stamp manufacturer.

Many beginners confuse compensation for registration costs with a subsidy of 58,800 rubles for starting a business. Meanwhile, the first is due to all entrepreneurs, regardless of the direction of their activity, while the second is paid only based on the results of selection for the implementation of projects that are promising from the point of view of the state.

Reasons for refusing assistance

Unfortunately, even an applicant who fully meets the requirements of the competition commission sometimes receives a refusal when applying for help. The main reasons why entrepreneurs remain without government support are listed below:

The applicant does not have experience in the relevant industry;
Businessman has a negative credit history or has in the past committed any violations of the rules for the use of subsidies provided to him;
An area of activity that is not subject to subsidies has been selected - gambling, production of excisable goods, mining, investing, insurance or other work with client funds;
An inflated or unreasonable amount of funding has been requested;
The business plan does not indicate changes in the amount of income and expenses after the provision of subsidies for individual entrepreneurs in 2018, economic efficiency and social significance project;
The intended use of funds cannot be verified, since the project does not define the directions for spending financial assistance.

Conclusion

A novice entrepreneur must take into account that the new legislation expects changes in the procedure for providing assistance to existing enterprises. In contrast, in 2018, subsidies will be allocated as reimbursement for actual expenses incurred. Simply put, a company must first raise its own funds or obtain a loan, purchase the required equipment, and then submit a claim and expect compensation.

Fortunately, this inconvenience is compensated by a fairly simple procedure for obtaining a subsidy: you just need to take good idea, draw up a competent business plan on its basis with the necessary emphasis on the social importance of the project, fulfill the requirements of the organization providing assistance, and then correctly take advantage of such support, which is necessary at any stage of the entrepreneurial path.
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Starting a business is always associated with certain risks. For many people, starting their own business is associated with increased responsibility, both personal and financial. Financial issue - main stone stumbling blocks in any endeavor. In addition to a great desire to become an entrepreneur, you must have a sufficient amount of money. It will allow you to comfortably begin to implement your plan.

In a situation where there are few personal funds, you can apply for. Banks offer lending systems for different conditions. But, in any case, the money will have to be returned with interest. The state provides subsidies for the development of small businesses, as well as for their opening. There is no need to return them, but the requirements for use are quite strict. Let's look at the features of government support for future and current entrepreneurs.

Who can apply?

Legal entities and individuals have the right to receive subsidies free of charge. No money needs to be returned. They are issued as compensation for lost income or financial costs in the production process, as well as the sale of goods and services. This is only a part of the possible purposes for issuing funds. Basic information about subsidies is contained in Articles 78 - 78.2 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and in Law No. 209-FZ of July 24, 2007.

Sources of subsidies for business development can be:

federal budget;
budget of state extra-budgetary funds;
budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
budgets of territorial state extra-budgetary funds;
local budgets.

Regulatory and municipal acts must contain the following information regarding subsidies:

a list of categories or selection criteria for persons who are eligible to receive;
the purposes for which they are provided;
conditions and procedure for receiving;
the process of return in case of violation of the conditions for which subsidies were provided;
the process of returning unused subsidies in the reporting financial year;
provisions reflecting compliance with established standards for the provision of subsidies.

When receiving subsidies an important condition is consent for the manager of budget funds to carry out inspections and control over compliance with the subsidy recipient's compliance with the established goals, conditions and procedures.

Amount of subsidy provided

The amount of subsidies is determined by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The maximum volume and spending goals are set. There is a possible increase in the subsidy by a certain amount for each unemployed person hired.

For entrepreneurs with Moscow registration, the subsidy amount is significantly higher than in the regions. And there are three subsidy options available:

in the amount of 300,000 rubles is given to persons who have not previously worked anywhere, as well as in cases where they have just completed their military service; are disabled or the sole breadwinner of the family. These statuses must be documented (military ID, certificate of disability or loss of a survivor);
in the amount of 60,000 rubles, which can be increased by the same amount for each unemployed person who is hired;
in the amount of 25,000 rubles is provided to beginning entrepreneurs for the development of small businesses (registration is possible through individuals- intermediaries).

For what purposes can the subsidy be used?

Entrepreneurs can use cash for certain purposes. The list is approved by the subject of the Russian Federation, which provides the subsidy. Among the most common purposes are:

purchase of raw materials for production;
acquisition of equipment or materials for carrying out activities;
payment for intangible assets (technology, patents, etc.).

Subsidies are not issued when conducting activities related to the sale of tobacco products, alcohol, as well as rental of equipment and real estate.

What do you need to get a subsidy to start a business?

One of the main requirements is to have unemployed status. The person applying for the right to receive a subsidy (hereinafter referred to as the applicant) should not be an individual entrepreneur, nor a founder or co-founder of any company. In addition, in work book There must be a note - “dismissed”.

A subsidy for starting a small business is issued once. Only persons who are not employed by the Employment Center can receive it.

To receive a subsidy for starting a small business, you must contact the Employment Center and register there. To do this, you need a passport, a certificate from your previous place of work wages, TIN (if any), certificate of education and work book. Next, you will need to submit an application about your desire to receive a subsidy. When the procedure for registering the applicant as unemployed is completed, he will be informed of the address of Sberbank where he should open a savings book. The time of the next visit will also be indicated.

the registration period for individual entrepreneurs should not exceed one year;
funds (subsidy amount) must be spent within one calendar year;
the subsidy can only be spent on the purposes that were specified in the business plan (and this is the most important thing).

If during the audit process it is discovered that the subsidy is being spent inappropriately, then individual entrepreneur will be required to return the funds received in full.

After a year, the individual entrepreneur is required to report on what needs he spent the issued funds on. If there is a part for which the target expense is not documented, the individual entrepreneur will be required to return the rest of the amount. Therefore, it is important to properly plan the implementation of the goals stated for the subsidy. And spend the entire amount within a year.

Obtaining government support is not an easy process. It takes a lot of time. If you are confident in your abilities, and, most importantly, if you meet the requirements, an entrepreneur can obtain a subsidy. The amount of funds, as a rule, is not too large and is set by the subjects. The subsidies offered by the state for the development of small businesses will help modernize production (purchase equipment or technology) and purchase raw materials. If you decide to open your own business, then the participation of allocated funds will slightly ease the financial burden on the newly created individual entrepreneur. Subsidized state support is a real, but very long and labor-intensive way to receive money. Harsh conditions issuance and use there are not too many people willing to apply for state support.

If you dream of opening own business, but for this there are not enough funds to purchase equipment, raw materials, rent premises, advertise and other investments necessary to organize a business, do not give up on your goals, there is still a way out. In this case, a self-employment program for the development of small businesses from the employment center with the support of the Russian Government will help, which consists of providing financial assistance to young, aspiring entrepreneurs who want to start their own business.

The employment service is interested in the success of the implementation of a business idea, since every registered individual entrepreneur is a taxpayer, and the more projects implemented, the better the region’s performance.

However, despite all the attractiveness of the offer from the employment center, the percentage of citizens applying for such assistance is very small and the dream remains just a dream. Therefore, we will analyze in detail how to implement your business idea and what is needed for this.

What is the support for small businesses from the employment center for 2018:

The program to promote self-employment of unemployed citizens from the employment service consists of helping young, start-up entrepreneurs by receiving free one-time financial assistance in the amount of 58,800 rubles. for 2018. If the enterprise plans to use hired labor, then you can issue the same amount for each hired employee. This is the most accessible and widespread small business development program provided by the employment center. To do this you need to have a desire to work and a business plan. However, you must remember that the enterprise must exist for at least 1 year, otherwise the funds paid will need to be returned to the budget of the employment service. At the same time, report on the money spent, provide quarterly reports on the activities of the enterprise to the labor exchange.

It is possible for aspiring entrepreneurs to receive up to 300,000 rubles from the employment center, but the conditions for this are equity participation by the state and the presence of entrepreneurial experience for more than a year.

Another type of assistance from the employment service in the development of small businesses is a debt guarantee. It consists in the fact that the state acts as a guarantor to a banking institution.

To participate in the small business subsidy program you need:

- stand on, have unemployed status for accrual;
- if you decide to open a business, write an application to the employment service to participate in the self-employment program for the unemployed ();
- pass professional testing, demonstrate entrepreneurial abilities;
- writing your business plan is perhaps the most important point. After all, how competently you draw it up will depend on the decision of the employment service commission. If you doubt your abilities, you can entrust this to professionals, but such a service may not be cheap. But don’t underestimate yourself, you probably understand your industry better than others and can describe in detail what the work is, what investments are needed for the purchase of equipment, materials, a list of suppliers, where the activities will be carried out, advertising placements. In addition, assess the competition, supply and demand for such goods or services, the payback period of the project, and the possibility of business development. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that the data provided must correspond to reality as much as possible, otherwise, during verification, the commission of the employment center will consider your business plan not plausible and will reject the application for participation in the self-employment program for the unemployed;
- When the business plan is approved by the commission of the employment center, you need to obtain a certificate of an individual entrepreneur (IP) or register an LLC, paying the state duty and taxes. Provide all these documents to the employment center. Do not be afraid of the costs of registering an enterprise, since all costs will be covered by the employment center, which is another advantage of the self-employment program for unemployed citizens;
- the next stage is concluding an agreement with the employment center to provide a subsidy;
- After completing and submitting all documents, the amount of money is transferred to the personal account of the program participant.

Who can take advantage of this subsidy at the employment service:

citizens who have reached the age of 18;
persons who are registered with the labor exchange and have received unemployed status.

Who will not be able to take advantage of the self-employment program for the unemployed:

faces, ages;
citizens called up for military service;
women on maternity leave or child care leave;
citizens who are registered as an individual entrepreneur (IP or LLC), or more than 6 months must pass after the closure of such an enterprise;
who are in full-time education;
citizens dismissed from their previous place of work for violation of discipline, theft, absenteeism, or appearing at work while drunk;
convicts and sentenced to correctional labor;
persons who have reached the age of age;
if an unemployed person who is registered with the employment service for the purpose of looking for work has refused two or more times the offered vacancies;
citizens who regularly do not comply with the requirements of the employment center (refuse vacancies, do not show up for interviews, appear drunk, etc.).

As mentioned above, to participate in receiving a subsidy it is necessary, for this you need the following documents:

passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
identification number;
SNILS;
work book;
document on education;
With last place work.

At first glance, it may seem that such financial support is too little to start your own business, but there are enough advantages in such a self-employment program. Firstly, this approach creates discipline, because you need to complete the tasks set by the employment center on time. Secondly, making up detailed business plan You will be able to delve into all the nuances of the chosen topic as much as possible, evaluate profitability, and identify what difficulties and costs you will have to face. Thirdly, you can always get advice, ask a question, and take free training courses from the employment center. This can serve as a good impetus for successfully starting your own business!

The government of our country pays special attention to the development of small businesses, therefore it provides comprehensive support to budding entrepreneurs. Everyone knows that to implement any project, you need a certain starting capital, which not all beginning businessmen possess. Subsidies for small businesses from the state in 2018, aimed at economic development, will help you open your own business with minimal investment. We will tell you how to get such help in this article.

Types of subsidies

Last year, 17 billion rubles were allocated to the federal budget for subsidies to small businesses from the state. In 2018, due to the crisis, this amount was reduced to 11 billion rubles. This money will most likely be used not for the implementation of new projects, but for the completion of existing ones. But despite this, if you try hard, you can still get a subsidy from the state to start a business.

As part of government programs to support start-up entrepreneurs, you can get money from:

Employment Center;
Department of Entrepreneurship;
Local administration.

In addition to financial assistance, the state offers aspiring entrepreneurs:

Free internships;
Preferential participation in various exhibitions and fairs;
Free outsourcing;
Education at the expense of the state.

Entrepreneurs can also take part in various competitions, for victory in which a large sum is provided monetary reward or receiving a grant. If you are interested in how to get money for business from the state, useful information can be found online or at your local job center.

Subsidy scheme

Free assistance

Now let's talk about how to get money for business from the state in 2018 free of charge. Such assistance can be of the following types:

1. Grants. Such a business subsidy from the state is allocated to beginning entrepreneurs from the local or regional budget. It can be obtained if you have an approved business plan. As a rule, the subsidy amount does not exceed 300 thousand rubles. It is also worth noting that only those beginning entrepreneurs who are able to invest half the amount required to implement the project can count on receiving money from the state to open a business in 2018. This means that you pay half of the expenses from your own funds, and half is provided by the state;
2. State cash subsidies for business development. Such assistance is usually received by experienced businessmen who want to expand their enterprise and create new jobs. The subsidy has a specific purpose. It is issued for the purchase of equipment or other assets. In some cases, the amount of assistance is 90% of the total cost. The maximum amount of subsidies to small businesses from the state in 2018 is 10 million rubles;

Grant from the employment center for the unemployed. A person who for some reason has lost his job can receive all payments and insurance compensation for one year at the local employment center. In exchange, he undertakes to open his own enterprise. If an entrepreneur officially hires a person registered with the employment center, he can also receive such a payment for each worker. Today, the amount of such a subsidy is 58 thousand rubles. This is a great way, without starting capital;
Assistance in repaying loan interest. If an entrepreneur took out a loan to purchase equipment, he can count on the state to pay him ¾ or half of the accrued interest. He will have to repay the loan itself;
Subsidy for participation in fairs and exhibitions. As a rule, the state compensates ½ or 1/3 of the funds spent on renting exhibition or trade equipment. Such assistance does not exceed 300 thousand rubles;
For farmers there are additional types assistance - for the purchase of seed, breeding stock, equipment and infrastructure development.

Paperwork

Do not forget that you can receive money to open a business from the state only after official registration entrepreneurial activity. In addition, you must submit a written application for the subsidy. Most likely, you will be asked to take part in a competition. In this case, you need to provide copies of the statutory documents and a business plan. It is examined by a special commission and, based on the results obtained, makes its verdict.

The plan is evaluated according to the following parameters:

How much can you return to the budget in the form of tax payments;
How many new jobs will the entrepreneur create;
How in demand is such activity in a particular region?

For example, if there are several enterprises producing semi-finished products in a small city, it is unlikely that an entrepreneur will receive money to open another workshop. But socially oriented original idea, is guaranteed to receive government support.

Before receiving a business subsidy from the state, carefully study all existing regional programs. They may have significant differences in different subjects Russian Federation. Choose the appropriate option and start acting. If you try hard, you can radically change your life for the better.

Features of receiving a subsidy

The main feature of state financing of small businesses is that such assistance is provided free of charge. In return, the state receives another cell in the market economy and new jobs for the citizens of our country.

Before receiving money for the development of small businesses from the state in 2018, an entrepreneur signs an agreement in which he undertakes to account for the funds spent. 3 months after receiving a government subsidy, it is necessary to provide a report, supported by documents, on the intended use of the subsidy.

As confirmation you can use:

Sales receipts;
Accounts;
Payment orders;
Receipts and more.

The report must fully comply with the financial calculations included in the business plan. If an entrepreneur cannot document the intended use of funds, he will have to return the financial assistance in full.

Another important point specified in the contract is the period of activity of the enterprise. A state-funded enterprise must operate for at least 1 year. Despite all these restrictions, government assistance is the most best way, .

There is another option on how to receive money from the state for business development in 2018. Local governments provide cash subsidies in the amount of 300,000 rubles to beginning entrepreneurs. But to get one like this a large sum, you need to try hard. To do this, you need to collect a package of documents confirming that you are taking a subsidy for the effective promotion of the enterprise. This is the best way, which is why many entrepreneurs are looking for such a subsidy. If you want to get a positive result, all documents that you provide to local authorities must be reliable and convincing. After the funds are transferred to the entrepreneur’s account, he must report monthly to the state for the intended use of the subsidy. If funds are not fully spent, the excess must be returned back.

Reasons for refusal to receive a subsidy

Now let's talk about getting government subsidy. The most common reason for refusal to issue state aid is the wrong choice of activity. If you want to open your own business in an area that is not a priority for the state, you may be denied financial support.

Most popular destinations:

Innovation;
Agriculture;
Medicine;
Tourism industry;
Education.

Insurance, lending and banking services are not subject to government subsidies. In addition, an entrepreneur may be denied a subsidy if he requests too large an amount or submits a weak and unprepared business plan for consideration. Also, the state does not finance projects that will be implemented abroad.

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Therefore, before doing so, first find out what areas of activity are relevant in 2018. After this, you can begin to develop an action plan and prepare all the necessary documents.

Lending from funds and individuals

If you are looking, contact regional funds to support entrepreneurship. They issue small loans for a specific period. This type of lending is perfect for new businesses with a short-term production cycle.

Also in lately Private business lending has begun to flourish in our country. During a crisis, many people who have savings are looking for

For many Russians just embarking on the path of private entrepreneurship, it seems that their activities are akin to a heroic throw at an embrasure: they bear numerous risks and cannot count on anyone or anything but themselves. It cannot be said that such views have no basis, but not everything is so deplorable: state support for small businesses in our country, although not sufficiently established, is still there. And it is within the framework of this support (and more specifically - state program“Help for beginning entrepreneurs”) you can receive almost 60 thousand rubles for the development of your own business free of charge. As everyone knows, “gratuitously” means “free of charge,” that is, this subsidy will not need to be returned or partially compensated. It is enough just to report to the state how this amount was spent ( exact value subsidies 58,800 rubles: 60 thousand rubles minus taxes). However, first things first.

Is there a catch, or why does the state “give” money to start-up businessmen?

But there are no pitfalls here: the state is interested in the development of small business as an economic entity, if only because every entrepreneur makes his contribution (and every successful entrepreneur makes a significant contribution) to the formation of the state budget through tax deductions, creates jobs and develops national economy. In addition, in order to receive such a subsidy, you must be listed as unemployed and registered with the labor exchange. Everyone knows that everyone who “joins the stock exchange” receives a certain unemployment benefit. And the amount given to a neophyte businessman is nothing more than an annual allowance, paid not in installments (monthly), but in a lump sum.

There is no point in fearing the status of the unemployed these days: the times when citizens without an entry in the work book were called parasites, fortunately, have sunk into oblivion. In return came the understanding that unemployment is normal for market economy phenomenon (unless, of course, it reaches the limit value of 10%). In order to keep this indicator at the required level, the state is trying to regulate the number of unemployed by creating employment centers, whose specialists either help find a job they like or provide assistance in starting a business.

Who can be considered unemployed in our country?

Everything seems to be obvious: an unemployed person is an able-bodied person who does not have a job. however there is also important nuances. According to latest edition The Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not include the following groups of Russians in the category of unemployed:

persons under 16 years of age;
women on maternity leave or child care leave (up to 3 years);
citizens who retired upon reaching the appropriate age;
disabled people of the first and second groups;
founders of limited liability companies;
full-time students;
persons in prison or sentenced to correctional labor;
citizens who are unable (for good reasons) to begin the proposed work.

If a Russian does not belong to any of these categories, but does not have a job, he can safely register with the employment center and receive assistance from the state. However, it should be remembered that in some cases you can lose your unemployed status:

if within 10 days you refuse two (or more) proposed work options without a valid reason;
if you do not appear at the employment center to look for work within 10 days from the date of registration;
if you submit documents containing deliberately false information.

And, of course, you can stop being called unemployed by finding a job. What can you expect when visiting an employment center?

How to find a job using the labor exchange?

So, the state is not ready (which is quite natural) to pay unemployment benefits indefinitely, which is why a curator is assigned to everyone who registers with the employment center. The task of such a specialist is to select a suitable job for the applicant (in accordance with the qualifications, experience, life values, and requirements of the candidate). How successful the collaboration between the curator and the unemployed person will be largely depends on the goals of the latter.

So, if the main goal is to receive a subsidy for business development, then all offered jobs must be refused. But - for a plausible reason (after all, otherwise they can be forcibly deregistered). You will have to come up with your own reasons for why, the main thing is that this reason looks convincing and is related to the desire to act in the interests of society.

How to get the desired financial support from the state to start your own business?

In general, the state is ready to provide Russians with three types of subsidies:

up to 4 thousand rubles for individual entrepreneurs and up to 20 thousand rubles for a legal entity as compensation for registration costs;
60 thousand rubles (58,800 rubles in hand) for organizing self-employment - and if you recruit staff from among those who also managed to register for unemployment, you can get the same amount for each of them;
300 thousand rubles for organizing self-employment (no longer from federal, but from city authorities) - it’s easy to guess that such a large amount is given to a few, subject to compliance a huge number criteria.

In a word, it is worth being realistic and remembering the “bird in the hand”, that is, receiving a federal subsidy.

How to do this? The plan for achieving the goal looks quite simple.

Write a business plan for an employment center and defend it.
Register an individual entrepreneur.
Receive funds (they are transferred to the same bank card, on which unemployment benefits are calculated).
Report on how the money issued was used.

So, it seems that becoming a subsidy owner is as easy as shelling pears. This is how it will be if you prepare correctly for each stage.

Preparatory activities: the more correct the actions, the better the result

It’s worth starting with collecting information – and a detailed, scrupulous analysis of it. Despite the fact that this subsidy is federal (that is, it must be issued in all Russian regions), it is very important to understand exactly what requirements a particular employment center puts forward for applicants. By the way, at the same time you can ask what other support measures (for example, grants) for small businesses are in place in the region and city. This can be done on the official website of the local administration, as well as directly at the employment center at the place of registration. It would also be a good idea to get legal advice on supporting small businesses.

If you want to receive a subsidy, you need to have enough free time. It will be very useful for passing through bureaucratic authorities (everyone knows what the queues are like) and for attending interviews with potential employers (under no circumstances should you immediately declare your reluctance to “work for your uncle”).

The emotional mood is also important. And, of course, patience: you need to maneuver between the employment center (who wants to quickly find a job for the unemployed) and the potential employer (who does not understand why they are so persistently refusing the vacancy offered to them) need to be competent and almost artistic.

Well, and, perhaps, the most important thing is that you need to accurately understand your goals, desires and capabilities, understand where the business will begin and how it will develop subsequently. All this needs to be reflected in the business plan. By the way, you should start writing it even before leaving your main job - in order to have an “alternate airfield” if the business idea turns out to be untenable.

And now - the most interesting thing...

How to get a subsidy from the employment center: step-by-step instructions

Step one is to register with the employment center at your place of permanent registration and receive unemployed status. To do this, you must submit the following package of documents:

ID card (passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation);
document on education (diploma, certificate - in the absence of other documents);
work book;
a savings book or application for opening a Sberbank card indicating its details;
pension insurance certificate;
military ID (for men).

This is followed by filing an application for unemployment benefits and obtaining advice from the supervisor of the employment center. The most sensible thing to do during this event is to ask a specialist how you can register as an individual entrepreneur. Then you need to fill out an application confirming your desire to start a business and pass a test.

The second step is protecting the business plan. This is one of the most serious stages of the entire procedure, in many ways similar to an exam: the defense takes place in a separate audience, and a special commission evaluates the effectiveness of the future business. This is preceded by a conversation with a psychologist, whose task is to assess the applicant’s ability to engage in entrepreneurial activity.

There is no need to be afraid of the “exam”: main criterion assessments - the realism of the project and the confidence of the future businessman that he will really succeed. How to write a competent and winning business plan is a topic for a separate discussion, however, there are more than enough resources on the Internet to help you write it well.

The next, third step is submitting an application for a subsidy. All previously collected documents and a business plan must be attached to the application. The received package is submitted to the same employment service. After consideration of the application, if the decision is positive, the applicant is notified that he can now enter into an agreement. Which, of course, is what should be done.

Step four – registration as an individual entrepreneur or founder of an LLC.

The last, fifth step is presentation. registration documents to the Job Center along with all receipts for payment of the appropriate fees. Upon completion of this stage, the bank account (passbook or plastic card) will have funds in the amount of 58,800 rubles.

What will this money be enough for and what can you do with it?

It is easy to guess that it is not advisable to spend money allocated by the state and received with such difficulty for personal purposes, if only because in a set period it will be necessary to report on where the subsidy was spent. Invoices, checks, and other paper evidence of expenses are suitable as reporting documents. In addition, it is worth remembering that in the first year of free swimming on the waves of entrepreneurship tax reporting must be submitted not only to the Federal Tax Service, but also to the employment center that issued the subsidy.

Of course, the allocated funds will not be enough to open a turnkey business. It is also natural that the state is not ready to subsidize every type of activity. However, it is known that this money is most readily given to those whose business is related to production, agriculture, the service sector, in a word, with industries that create new jobs. And gratuitous help (especially material) is always better than no help at all. Especially when it comes to private business activities.