Lesson topic:
"Landscape in graphics"
6th grade
Art teacher Dzasokhova T.G.
Target :
To introduce students to the types of landscape graphics (sketches and sketches) made by graphic artists, to give the concept of linear aerial perspective, to generalize knowledge on the topic"Graphic arts", create works using the scratching technique.
Introduce graphic works of Ossetian and Russian artists.
Develop skills in conveying mood in a drawing.
Tasks:
1. Educational:
To develop the ability to feel and determine the beauty of lines as a means artistic expression, use its capabilities in your own creativity. Introduce the features of some techniques in art;
Introduce some works of artists;
2. Developmental:
Master new tools and techniques (pointed stick, pen), continue to develop the ability to use expressive means of graphics (dot, stroke, line), transfer your skills in drawing.
3, Educating:
To cultivate an aesthetic attitude towards the world around us and a love of beauty.
Cultivating neatness.
4.Organizational moment.
Equipment:
Information material for the lesson, landscape drawings in graphics, reproductions of paintings by artists (Russian and Ossetian) in the presentation.
Material for work (pointed sticks, feather).
Visual range:
Black and white illustrations (landscapes, trees, especially in winter), reproductions of printed graphics.
Didactic material to the lesson: presentation "Landscape in graphics."
Lesson structure:
- Organizing time
- Conversation on the main material of the lesson:
a) consolidation of the material covered by types of fine arts
b) introductory information
c) demonstration of material, explanation.
3. Practical work
4. Lesson summary (exhibition of student work, final speech by the teacher)
5. Homework
Methods: Verbal (story), illustrative.
Shapes: Collective, individual
Teacher's activities:
Lesson topic message. Selected material on the topic of the lesson is shown (live speech by the teacher and demonstration of the presentation)
Student activities:
Demonstration material. During the conversation, students answer the questions posed.
Teacher: Story-conversation on the topic:
2 Conversation:
Earlier we talked about graphic still life and portrait, and in this lesson we will talk about graphic landscape.
- How does this landscape differ from an ordinary one?
\The graphic landscape is reproduced using lines - straight, curved, wavy. The main material is pencil or charcoal./
What is the basis of a graphics language?
/The basis of the graphic language are works in black on white or white on black./
The most common type of landscape graphics are sketches and sketches that artists constantly make, recording their impressions. Such drawings, made with pencil, pen, or charcoal, are varied in motives and the author’s vision and serve as his creative pantry, that is, material for creating works.
The development of graphics is closely related to the art of creating a book. When printed books appeared from the end of the 15th century, engravings become available to a wide circle of people. Master engravers paid increasing attention to the variety and expressiveness of the stroke - graphic diversity. With time independent meaning the graphs only increased.
In every drawing, the beginning of all beginnings is the first touch on the sheet. A black and white spot, a line, a stroke, a dot – this is the element from which the image arises.
Graphic artists convey their impressions of the world using black and white flowers on paper. Look around and name objects that are white and black. ( White snow, stars, bride, black mountains, black clouds.) These colors are contrasting and opposite in relation to each other.
The rendering of landscape lighting plays an important role. Depending on the lighting at different times of the day: morning, afternoon, evening, night - the landscape changes its shape.
In the morning, the contours of the landscape are shrouded in haze. When drawing a landscape in the morning, you need to blur the contours of the background. Emphasize the contours of the foreground.
In the evening, the opposite phenomenon is observed: all objects against the sky appear clearly, in the form of silhouettes, the shadows lie thicker, denser, the shapes of objects look clearer. On a gray, cloudy day, the ground and the objects on it are almost always darker than the sky. On a sunny day, the ground and vegetation are darker than the sky, light objects illuminated by direct light may be lighter than the sky. The contrast of light and shadow is different on a sunny and cloudy day, in the morning and at noon, in the evening and on a moonlit night.
Today in the lesson you will create a landscape using expressive means of graphics: a dot, a stroke, a line, a spot, and continue to master various tools: a pointed stick, a pen. At the end of the lesson we will arrange an exhibition of your work.
Topic of our lesson:"Landscape in graphics."
Let's remember today what it is graphic arts .
(Graphic arts - this is the view visual arts, in which the main means of expressiveness are line, dot, stroke, spot, tone).
What materials do graphic artists use?
/ Ink, watercolor, pastel, chalk, charcoal, sanguine, pencil, felt-tip pens, etc. /
What types of engravings do you remember and what is engraving?
/ Engraving - This is a print from the surface on which the drawing is made. You can make engravings on wood, linoleum, metal./
Engraving refers to printed graphics.Book graphics(illustrations).
Industrial graphics or applied (postcards, labels, envelopes, calendars).
3. Practical work.
Purpose of the stage:
Identify the degree of knowledge acquisition about the stages of drawing.
Skills:
Find harmony and beauty in the depiction of landscapes in graphics.
Teacher's activities:
Organizes execution practical task.
Student activities:
Execute practical work in graphic technology (drawing).
Exercise:
Create a landscape using the graphic technique of grattage.
Material:
Pencil, album, toned album sheets with black gouache. Pointed sticks, feather.
Create a spring graphic landscape using a pencil (black drawing on a white background) and the scratching technique (white or colored on a black background).
Before you begin the task, decide on the idea of your future painting and draw up a composition.
Take into account perspective in the composition of the drawing, use means of artistic expression, proportions of light and dark, convey space in the drawing.
With the help of a line, a stroke, a spot, artists create a diverse perception of the world.
How should objects in the foreground be depicted? (The closer the object is to us, the more details we depict on it).
How do you depict an object in the distance?
/When moving an object away, the details are less noticeable; objects, moving away, not only become smaller, but also seem to melt into the air and acquire less clear outlines./
When working, you must follow safety precautions.
4. Lesson summary.
View works.
Guys, let's see how different they are interesting works turned out. Which means of expression did you use?
What work made the best use of stroke?
Which line?
At what point?
What job did you like best?
Why?
Exhibition of student works.
5. Homework
Explanation homework.
Draw a cityscape in pencil using the scratch paper technique
monotypes, taking into account the perspective design solution.
Find reproductions of artists' drawings in different techniques, illustrations, engravings, etc. bring to the next lesson.
Elements of landscape are found in the art of ancient times. Landscape is gradually emerging as an independent genre in art, in which nature is the main subject of the image. At first, there was a purely visual landscape, which predominated mainly in graphics, where ever-renewing nature was considered the most visual embodiment of life.
Later, it reflects the motives and moods characteristic of a particular artistic direction- classicism, romanticism and others.
In the 20th century, such types of landscape as urban and industrial began to develop.
The term urbanization (from the Latin urbanus - urban) is the process of increasing the role of cities in the development of society. The prerequisites for urbanization are the growth of industry in cities, the development of their cultural and political functions, deepening the territorial division of labor. Urbanization is characterized by an influx of rural population into cities and an increasing pendulum movement of the population from the rural environment and nearby small towns to big cities(for work, for cultural and everyday needs, etc.).
Graphic landscape
Landscape is an image of nature in literature and painting, otherwise it is an image of nature in work of art(the word P. comes from the French pays - country, area). From the area spatial arts the term "P." switched to literary criticism. Art historians who approached P. from the formal and aesthetic side, of course, could not give a satisfactory explanation of both the reason for the emergence of interest in P. and the nature of the changes in its interpretation. They viewed P. as something divorced from human society and depicted by the artist with “objective” freedom, without any “interest” in what is depicted. Landscape is a genre of fine art, the subject of which is the depiction of nature, type of terrain, landscape.
Scenery - traditional genre easel painting and graphics. The landscape can be historical, heroic, fantastic, lyrical, epic in nature. Depending on the nature of the landscape motif, we can distinguish: rural, urban, industrial landscape. To depict a landscape, knowledge of observational and aerial perspective is required. We must learn to determine the scale of the image and highlight the main thing in a landscape drawing. Success will largely depend on correct sequence work. It is important to choose expressive landscape motifs. Next you should think about choosing the height of the horizon line. The same landscape will look majestic from a low point of view and usually if the horizon line runs through the center of the sheet. High location of the horizon line or moving it outside the sheet allows you to show most of the earth's surface.
In a landscape drawing, the image of the sky largely determines the mood of the entire landscape motif. Above earth's surface the sky forms a dome, a hemisphere.
This is better emphasized by the location of the clouds. Clouds of the same shape and at the same height appear smaller and closer to each other as they move further towards the horizon. Light and shadow effects on clouds vary significantly depending on the time of day. It is the clouds that cover the sun and cast a shadow that can significantly change the impression. The outlines of light clouds can add a romantic atmosphere to the picture. Educational drawing includes quick sketches of a landscape, its individual details, as well as drawings completed over several hours. A linear drawing is designed to capture a three-dimensional object. Lines and strokes are used to indicate contours and light and shade. For example, this quick linear sketch of a village differs significantly from the chiaroscuro image. In the linear sketch, the artist focused on the perspective cuts of the road, pillars and houses. And in the cut-off image it was important to show the play of spots of light, halftones and shadows. Bright sun enhances light contrasts. The most successful compositional solution can be used to perform a long drawing. The educational tasks solved by a landscape artist may include conveying a certain time of day, state of nature or season. Various art materials, such as slate and charcoal pencil, pen, felt-tip pen, helium and ballpoint pen. Sketching architectural monuments is of great interest in drawing. For example, sketches of cities with different architectural structures convey the charm of Russian antiquity.
These drawings are made with stick and ink, taking into account tonal relationships.
Graphite pencil allows you to convey tonal differences in a landscape more subtly than ink. The city streets are full of movement, felt-tip pen sketches capture it.
Work on a long-term landscape drawing begins with compositional sketches big size. It is better to use different formats and art materials. The most successful compositional solution can be used to perform a long drawing.
Planfulness Planability The main features of a perspective image of space The ratio of the height to the width of objects remains unchanged, only all relations of the third dimension change radically. All scales of objects decrease as they move away from the viewer; objects located one after another hide each other (intersection). All lines moving away from the picture plane are reduced (foreshortening). If these lines are actually parallel to each other, then in the image they converge at one point on the horizon. However, one should not think that it is absolutely correct geometric construction the perspective is sufficient to give a convincing impression of depth.
Planning Planning As you know, our two eyes see two different images in nature, while the artist gives only one construction. In addition, the central perspective is designed to vertical position painting and the coincidence of the viewer's eye with the point of view in the painting, while in reality the painting may be hung at a strong angle to the wall and its horizon may not at all coincide with the real horizon of the viewer. Therefore, the artist often deviates from an absolutely correct structure, emphasizing some effects, drowning out others in the name of artistic truth (two horizons in Veronese). One should also not think that the so-called central perspective is the only way to perceive the world and convey space. Before it was discovered and partly in parallel with it, artists also used other techniques for depicting space.
Laws of linear perspective Perspective (fr. p erspective from lat. p erspicio clearly see) (1) the phenomenon of apparent distortion of the proportions and shapes of bodies during their visual observation. For example, two parallel rails appear to converge on the horizon at two points (in front and behind the observer) (2) a way of depicting volumetric bodies on a plane, conveying their own spatial structure and location in space. In the visual arts, perspective can be used in various ways, which is used as one of artistic means, enhancing the expressiveness of images.
Etching Etching (French eau-forte Nitric acid, literally "strong water"), also aquaforta type of engraving, artistic technique, which allows you to obtain impressions from printing plates made by etching a metal surface with acids. Known since the 15th century. The first dated engraving dates back to 1513. French nitric acid engravings of printing plates etched with metallic acids of the 15th century. To make a printing plate, a metal plate is coated with acid-resistant varnish, on which the design of the future engraving is scratched with a special needle (dotted line). The plate is then placed in acid, which etches out recesses into which the paint is subsequently rolled. When printing, ink from the recessed printing elements of the image is transferred to paper (thus, the etching technique is a type of intaglio printing).
Linocut Linocut is a method of engraving on linoleum. It arose at the turn of the 19th century with the invention of linoleum.XIXXX linoleum Linoleum is a good material for large-sized engravings. For engraving, linoleum with a thickness of 2.5 to 5 mm is used. The tools for linocuts are the same as for longitudinal engravings: corner and longitudinal chisels, as well as a knife for precise cutting of small parts. Engravings When printing linocuts, the same printing inks are used as when printing woodcuts. It is best to roll paint onto linoleum with a roller, and it is important to adjust the amount of paint applied to the linocut: there should not be too much of it, so as not to fill the small stroke, and it should not be too little, so as not to cause unprinted woodcuts
Lithography The emergence of lithography Lithography (from the Greek “lithos” stone and “grapho” I write, draw) was created in 1798 by Aloysius Senefelder in Bohemia, and it was the first fundamentally new printing technique since the invention of engraving in the 15th century. 1798 by Aloysius SenefelderAlois SenefelderBohemian engravingsXV century [edit] A type of circulation graphics based on the technique of flat printing edit circulation graphicsflat printing [edit] Creation of the original image edit Historically, the artist created a lithograph by drawing on the grainy surface of a special lithographic stone with a thick lithographic pencil. Subsequently, lithographic stone was almost universally replaced by metal plates due to greater ease of processing. To convey halftones, a wash with thick lithographic ink is used. Also, to create the original image, special lithographic paper, cornpaper, can be used, from which the drawing is already transferred onto the prepared lithographic stone or plate. After creating the image, the stone is etched with acid, which acts on the non-greasy surface. lithographic stone lithographic pencil lithographic ink lithographic paper cornpaper
Woodcut Woodcut The Diamond Sutra (dated 868 AD), which is now kept in the British Library, states that the master Wang Chi cut the boards and printed the book “for the sake of remembering his departed parents.” 868 AD. e. British Library History of British Birds (1847). Woodcut by T. Bewick1847T. Bewick The first examples of Western European engraving, made using the technique of edged woodcuts, appeared at the turn of the 14th-15th centuries. In the 1780s, artist and engraver Thomas Bewick invented the method of end-cut woodcut (a cross-section of a hardwood trunk). He himself created the illustrations for " General history quadrupeds" and the two-volume "History of the Birds of Britain". A drawing is applied to the polished surface of the board (if it is intended to replicate the engraving in a printing press, then about 2.5 cm thick), after which the lines of this drawing are cut off on both sides with a sharp knife, and the background is selected with wide chisels to a depth of 2-5 mm. After this, the board can be rolled with paint and printed on paper.
Monotype Monotype Monotype (from m it... and Greek τυπος imprint) is a type of printed graphics. The monotype technique involves applying paint by hand onto a perfectly smooth surface of a printing plate, followed by printing on a machine; The print obtained on paper is always the only one, unique. In 2000, the fractal nature of a significant part of monotypes was established and the term fractal monotype was introduced.
Decorativeness of the print Decorativeness of the print The print has a special property, in to the greatest extent distinguishing it from all other species artistic creativity. This property is circulation. By its very definition, a print made from a specially treated wooden, metal or stone board, a print always exists in several, and often in many, copies. The question is often asked: does this not deprive the print of originality, does this allow it to be considered among the main types of artistic creativity, does this not reduce it to the level of reproduction? Here we must first of all note that the imprint on paper is the goal of everything. creative process artist, the board itself plays a role comparable to materials and tools in painting, nothing more. From its very inception, printmaking spoke special language, began to use specific means that sharply distinguish it from drawing and painting.
Grattage Grattage (French grattage, from gratter - scrape, scratch), a method of making a drawing by scratching paper or cardboard with ink on wax with a pen or a sharp instrument. The process of working in G. is reminiscent of scraping on asphalt in lithography. Works made using the geometric technique are distinguished by the contrast of white lines of the design and a black background and are similar to woodcuts or linocuts. G. is found in the graphics of the 20th century. In Russia, geographies under the name grattography were first used by M. V. Dobuzhinsky in the works of the 1920s. Scratch (imitation engraving). Paper or cardboard is coated with wax or paraffin, primed with some tone (usually dark) and scratched to reveal white paper(or vice versa). The thing is very fragile and fragile. In my personal opinion it is good for use in kindergarten in combination with burning and chasing, although there are people who feel this business and create very beautiful and interesting things.
Once I saw wonderful creativity Elena Kovaleva wants to return to him again and again. Look for a long time at every stroke of the pen and shades of ink. In all her landscapes there is a unique lightness, something elusive that makes her work come to life.
Mine creative path a young and talented artist from St. Petersburg started back in early childhood. Elena has been drawing since she was about seven years old and has 8 years behind her art school and the Faculty of Art and Graphics of the University.
Talent is not God's grace, but constant painstaking work. Every day she hones her skills and posts new works on her page.
“I was greatly impressed by the Lithuanian artist Stasis Krasauskas, whose work I became acquainted with at a young age - I had an album with his works at home. And my first work was a copy of one of his illustrations. And so it went: graphics, ink, pen. Black and white"
In her works, the artist is constantly moving forward, looking for new techniques, methods and materials. For example, ink and pen, which are standard for graphics, she plays with a little eco-friendly tea or coffee.
Elena's drawings could be found in the design of the recent exhibition "High-Rise Petersburg" held within the walls of the Russian Geographical Society.
She is currently actively working. The International Economic Forum starts in June, at which her works will also be used in the design. In addition to private orders, her large solo exhibition will soon take place.
You can find out more about Elena’s work
Lesson topic:"Landscape in graphics"
6th gradec
Target :
Introduce students with types of landscape graphics (sketches and sketches) made by master graphic artists, give the concept of linear aerial perspective, generalize knowledge on the topic "Graphic arts", create works using the scratching technique.
Introduce with graphic works of Russian artists.
Develop skills in conveying mood in a drawing.
Tasks:
1. Educational:
To develop the ability to feel and determine the beauty of lines as a means of artistic expression, to use its capabilities in one’s own creativity. Introduce the features of some techniques in art;
Introduce some works of artists;
2. Developmental:
Master new tools and techniques (pointed stick, pen), continue to develop the ability to use expressive means of graphics ( dot, stroke, line), transfer your skills in drawing.
3, Educating:
To cultivate an aesthetic attitude towards the world around us and a love of beauty.
Cultivating neatness.
4.Organizational moment.
Equipment:
Information material for the lesson, landscape drawings in graphics, reproductions of paintings by artists (Russian and Ossetian) in the presentation.
Materials for work (pointed sticks, feather, gel pen).
Visual range:
Black and white illustrations (landscapes, trees, especially in winter), reproductions of printed graphics.
Didactic material for the lesson: presentation "Landscape in graphics."
Lesson structure:
Organizing time
Conversation on the main material of the lesson:
a) consolidation of the material covered by types of fine arts
b) introductory information
c) demonstration of material, explanation.
3. Practical work
4. Lesson summary (exhibition of student work, final speech by the teacher)
5. Homework
Methods: Verbal (story), illustrative.
Shapes: Collective, individual
Teacher's activities:
Lesson topic message. Selected material on the topic of the lesson is shown (live speech by the teacher and demonstration of the presentation)
Student activities:
Demonstration material. During the conversation, students answer the questions posed.
Teacher: Story-conversation on the topic:
2 Conversation:
Earlier we talked about graphic still life and portrait, and in this lesson we will talk about graphic landscape.
- How does this landscape differ from an ordinary one?
The graphic landscape is reproduced using lines - straight, curved, wavy. The main material is pencil or charcoal.
What is the basis of a graphics language?
The basis of the graphic language is works in black on white or white on black.
The most common type of landscape graphics are sketches and sketches that artists constantly make, recording their impressions. Such drawings, made with pencil, pen, or charcoal, are varied in motives and the author’s vision and serve as his creative pantry, that is, material for creating works.
Graphics development is closely related to the art of creating a book. When printed books appeared from the end of the 15th century, engravings become available to a wide range of people. Master engravers paid increasing attention to the variety and expressiveness of the stroke - graphic diversity. Over time, the independent importance of graphics only increased.
In every drawing, the beginning of all beginnings is the first touch on the sheet. A black and white spot, a line, a stroke, a dot – this is the element from which the image arises.
Graphic artists convey their impressions of the world using black and white colors on paper. Look around and name objects that are white and black. (White snow, stars, bride, black mountains, black clouds.) These colors are contrasting and opposite in relation to each other.
The rendering of landscape lighting plays an important role. Depending on the lighting at different times of the day: morning, afternoon, evening, night - the landscape changes its shape.
In the morning, the contours of the landscape are shrouded in haze. When drawing a landscape in the morning, you need to blur the contours of the background. Emphasize the contours of the foreground.
In the evening, the opposite phenomenon is observed: all objects against the sky appear clearly, in the form of silhouettes, the shadows lie thicker, denser, the shapes of objects look clearer. On a sunny day, the ground and vegetation are darker than the sky; light objects illuminated by direct light may be lighter than the sky. The contrast of light and shadow is different on a sunny and cloudy day, in the morning and in the evening.
Today in the lesson you will create a landscape using expressive means of graphics: a dot, a stroke, a line, a spot, and continue to master various tools: a pointed stick, a pen. At the end of the lesson we will arrange an exhibition of your work.
Topic of our lesson: "Landscape in graphics."
Let's remember today what it is graphic arts.
(Graphic arts is a type of fine art in which the main means of expression are line, dot, stroke, spot, tone).
What materials do graphic artists use? Ink, watercolor, pastel, chalk, charcoal, sanguine, pencil, felt-tip pens, etc.
What types of engravings do you remember and what is engraving?
Engraving - This is a print from the surface on which the drawing is made. You can make engravings on wood, linoleum, metal.
Engraving refers to printed graphics.
Book graphics (illustrations).
Industrial graphics or applied (postcards, labels, envelopes, calendars).
3. Practical work.
Purpose of the stage:
Identify the degree of knowledge acquisition about the stages of drawing.
Skills:
Find harmony and beauty in the depiction of landscapes in graphics.
Teacher's activities:
Organizes the implementation of practical assignments.
Student activities:
Perform practical work in graphic technology (drawing).
Exercise:
Create a landscape using the graphic technique of grattage.
Material:
Pencil, album, toned album sheets with black gouache. Pointed sticks, feather.
Create a spring graphic landscape using a pencil (black drawing on a white background) and the scratching technique (white or colored on a black background).
Before you begin the task, decide on the idea of your future painting and draw up a composition.
Take into account perspective in the composition of the drawing, use means of artistic expression, proportions of light and dark, convey space in the drawing.
With the help of a line, a stroke, a spot, artists create a diverse perception of the world.
How should objects in the foreground be depicted?
(The closer the object is to us, the more details we depict on it).
How do you depict an object in the distance?
(When moving an object away, the details are less noticeable; objects, moving away, not only become smaller, but also seem to melt into the air and acquire less clear outlines.)
When working, you must follow safety precautions.
4. Lesson summary.
View works.
Guys, let's see what different, interesting works we got. What means of expression did you use?
What work made the best use of stroke?
In which - line?
In which - dot?
What job did you like best?
Exhibition of student works.
5. Homework
Homework explanation.
Draw a cityscape in pencil using the scratch paper technique
monotypes, taking into account the perspective design solution.
Find reproductions of artists - drawings in different techniques, illustrations, engravings, etc. bring to the next lesson.