Description of material: Dear friends, I bring to your attention a report on an excursion for preschoolers to the local historical local history museum Safonovo. This material will be useful to teachers of preschool institutions.
Involving older children preschool age to museums in highest degree expedient. A museum for preschoolers is a means of developing a holistic personality and introducing a child to cultural values and traditions. At the same time, they decide the most important tasks by formation:
- cognitive motivation;
- need to visit museums;
- culture of behavior in the museum;
- aesthetic taste.
The staff of the Safonovo Museum of History and Local Lore successfully cooperates with many preschool institutions in our city. Excursions for preschoolers to the local history museum, as one of the ways to organize direct educational activities with children in our preschool institution are now often practiced. We understand well that excursion activities the best way allows children to become acquainted with objects and phenomena of nature, with the peculiarities of the organization of human life in a natural environment.
The role of the museum in introducing children to the world of museum values is invaluable. The museum, like a huge magic casket, stores an unusual jewel - time, which lives in the form of museum objects created by man. Museum tours promote development cognitive interest, coherent speech of preschool children. Here they receive patriotic education, the essence of which is to cultivate in the child’s soul the seeds of love for native nature, home and family, history and culture of your country, to everything that was created by the work of relatives and friends.
More recently, for the students of our speech therapy group another sightseeing tour was held through the halls of the Safonovo Museum of History and Local Lore. The guys got an idea of what museum item, exhibit, exposition, learned the rules of behavior in the museum. They were told about history and culture in a form accessible to preschoolers. small Motherland. This was a significant event for the children; they took it with interest. new information and were imbued with new impressions.
I invite everyone to a sightseeing tour of the halls of the Safonovo Museum of History and Local Lore!
“Today is a solemn and strict day.
The door is open, the museum welcomes guests,
Within its walls it greets those who enter,
You just have to cross his threshold."
Here is a stupa from the century before last and a TV from the last century that greet us in the museum.
Clothes of our grandmothers.
Household items.
"I saw household items
From revived antiquity.
It's open to me now
The past of my country!"
Peasant hut.
Nice little shoes!
"Look at the pair of bast bast shoes,
They are worth a look by the way.
In our age among intricate things
There are no more ingenuous and simpler shoes." Mikhail Burchak
Grandma's "mixer".
Miracle iron.
How unusually melodious the music from the gramophone sounds.
Hall of Military Glory.
Machine gun from the Great Times Patriotic War 1941-1945
Automatic machine from the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945.
Rifle from the First World War.
Soldier's overcoat.
"With tears of pride
To the first corner of the upper room
Mother will hang the old one
Gray overcoat."Yuri Mikhailenko
The literary hero of A.T. Tvardovsky is the legendary Vasily Terkin.
"The fighter just took the three-row,
It’s immediately obvious that he’s an accordion player.
First things first, first things first
He threw his fingers from top to bottom.
Forgotten village
Suddenly he started, closing his eyes,
Sides of the native Smolensk
Sad memorable motive..."
Portrait of V.V. Griboedova, cousin of the poet A.S. Griboyedov
Violin of the Soviet military leader, Marshal Soviet Union M.N.Tukhachevsky
An old gramophone.
"What was, then goes away
Forgetting like a dream.
It's a pity that rarely anyone starts,
Good old gramophone..." Ignatov Alexander
At the portrait of Yu.A. Gagarin.
"The glow of the sunset is fading.
Twinkling, the first star whispers:
“Gagarin did not leave, believe me, guys.
He is with you, here, forever!” Yu. Goverdovsky
Banner of the city-forming enterprise of the Avangard plant
Our famous fellow countrymen.
Exhibition of topariums.
Target: Introduce children to the history of their hometown, what Alekseevka was like several centuries ago, what great achievements there were in this era. What happened in this century how the city was transformed. Develop curiosity, attentiveness, observation. Foster interest and love for your city, pride in its achievements.
Progress:
Preliminary group conversation
Guys, what is the name of the city we live in? And in what area? Which main city in area?
There are many small towns in our region - Shebekino, Stary Oskol, Valuiki, Alekseevka and others.
Today we will talk about our hometown, let's get acquainted with its history, find out how it arose and what happened in it until our time. For this purpose, we will go to the Museum of Local Lore, which is located on Nekrasova Street. You need to behave very quietly and calmly in the museum. Listening to a tour guide is a person who will talk about our city.
The guide's story
Guys, we are in the local history museum, where we will get acquainted with the history of our region and city. You all know very well that our city is called Alekseevka. And earlier, a long time ago, when your grandparents were not in the world, Alekseevka was a very small village - the settlement of Alekseevka, a patrimony (possession) Count Sheremetyev. He was a very rich man, and Alekseevka was his property. Then in Alekseevka there were no such multi-storey buildings in which many of you live. Look here guys (show photo)- this is Count Sheremetyev himself and his wife. You see, people used to wear different clothes, camisoles embroidered with gold, luxurious dresses with ruffles and jewelry - this, but they lived in houses like this (showing photos). You probably recognize many of these houses. They have survived to this day. Their houses were distinguished by the strength of their stone buildings and beauty. But the houses of ordinary residents of the then settlement of Alekseevka were not so beautiful (display of paintings, photographs), you see how pitiful they were, shacks almost dug into the ground and their clothes were not so rich. See how torn their shirts are. The people were mostly peasants: they plowed the land and sowed grain. But they plowed the land not with tractors, as now, but with the help of a plow on cows and horses (display of paintings, reproductions) At that time there were no factories, factories, or shops in the Alekseevka settlement. There were only shops where artisans (people who practiced their craft) sold their goods. Some sewed boots - shoemakers, some made pottery - potters, some made horseshoes - blacksmiths.
There was a very famous event in Alekseevka. For the first time in our settlement, a method for producing sunflower oil from sunflower seeds was invented. It was invented by Daniil Semenovich Bokarev, our fellow countryman.
You all know about sunflowers, you’ve seen the seeds. And now they also get from them sunflower oil. Your mothers and grandmothers fry and bake with sunflower oil. Nowadays it is produced using special presses. Then Daniil Bokarev received it using this wooden device (show).
Currently, sunflower oil is in great demand not only in our country, but also in other countries.
Then courtyards appeared in the Alekseevka settlement and streets began to form. Some street names have survived to this day. For example,
Novaya street, Goncharovka. Victory Street was formerly called Bolshaya Trading Street, part of Karl Marx Street was called Mostovaya.
Do you know what kind of river we have? Yes, Quiet Pine. And who knows why it is called that? Yes, that’s right, it flows very quietly, there are no whirlpools or large rapids on its way. Why Pine? Because before in our settlement there was a big Pinery. They cut it down and built it sea vessels. Now the river has become dirty, overgrown with reeds.
(The guide told the children about the flora and fauna of the region, the Great Patriotic War, and the factories of the city)
That's the end of our excursion. What needs to be said for interesting story? Thank you.
Guys, in the group we will draw the houses that used to be in the Alekseevka settlement.
Goals: expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the history and culture of the Penza region;
develop skills and abilities to work independently with additional information on a given topic; develop skills in constructing an oral monologue;
develop oral speech, student independence;
cultivate love and respect for the native land.
Lesson type: combined.
Equipment: computer, disk “Our Land of Penza”.
Lesson plan.
1) Check homework.
2) Work on the topic:
- independent work in groups using cards;
- report on the work done.
3) Summing up. Ratings. Homework.
During the classes.
I. Checking homework.
Today we continue our virtual tour at the Penza Museum of Local Lore. During the lesson we will get acquainted with the ethnography, history and culture of our region, you will become a guide for a while and take us through the halls of the museum.
Remember what you know about the local history museum. Tell us when the museum was founded, who is the director, what excursions are held, what halls exist.
II. Work on the topic “Excursion to a local history museum.”
Each group has a task that you started working on in the last lesson. Today you finish work, and after 10 minutes each group presents its hall, i.e. you, as guides, will tell us about your section, about the most famous people and interesting exhibits.
Task No. 1.
Ethnography
1) B explanatory dictionary find out the lexical meaning of the word “ethnography”.
2) Prepare a message about the costumes and demonstrate them.
3) Talk about Anisimova.
Task No. 2
Write a story about the historical past of our region using the following questions:
When was the city founded?
What did the city look like in the first decades of its existence?
People of what nationalities inhabited Penza?
Which civil wars took place in the Penza region in the 17th-18th centuries?
Task No. 3
Story
1) Tell us about the people who glorified Penza:
Show the state exhibition. figures, tell us about one hero;
Show the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, make a report about Kizhevatov.
2) Tell us about the exhibits in your section, demonstrate them.
Task No. 4
Culture
1) Tell us about cultural life Penza (about education, theaters, museums).
2) Make a report about Lermontov
2) Tell us about the exhibits of the exhibition. Show them to the whole class.
Task No. 5
Culture
Tell us about the most promising sports.
Show off the best athletes.
Task No. 6
Culture
1) Prepare a story about an art gallery.
2) Make a report about Savitsky, about Tatlin, about Lentulov.
Task No. 7
Economy
1) Tell us about Zotkin. Explain why it is necessary to talk about it in local history lessons.
2) Tell us about Abashev’s toy. Show these toys to the whole class and describe them.
3) Read poems about Zotkin.
III. Summarizing. Ratings.
Which story did you like best?
What people who glorified Penza did you learn about today?
What would you like to know more about?
Homework:
Write a review about today's excursion
1) text-narration of the artistic style “Excursion to virtual museum(write down which halls you visited, what you remember most, what you would like to see in a real museum)
2) text description in artistic style“The exhibit that I remember most” ( General overview about the subject. Description of details. My attitude to the subject).
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Integration educational areas: cognitive, speech and artistic and aesthetic development.
Goals:
- familiarization with the origins of the spiritual culture of the Russian people;
- acquaintance with the history of the doll, causing an emotional response;
- respect for the environment objective world, the desire to make a toy with your own hands.
Part 1. Introductory
Educator. Guys, have you ever been to a museum? How can you explain the word "museum"?
A museum is a collection of rare and wonderful objects. Would you like to all go to amazing trip and learn a lot of interesting things about the origin of probably the most favorite children's toy?
Part 2. Information(Takes place in the museum.)
Guide. Guys, I think you have a lot of toys at home. Do you have dolls? Would you like to know how the very first dolls appeared, and what they were like?
The doll is the first among toys. She has been known since ancient times, remaining forever young. She is not affected by time, she continues to find her way to the hearts of children and adults.
Everywhere where a person settles and lives, from the harsh snow-covered Arctic expanses to the sultry waterless sands of deserts, the doll is his constant companion. It is simple, but in this simplicity lies a great mystery.
A doll is not born on its own: it is created by a person. The very first dolls were made from pieces of fabric - shreds. Making these dolls does not require needle sewing, so they can be made even with very young children. This is how it was in ancient times - children played with patchwork toys: dolls, bunnies and even horses. In the evening, a mother, or maybe a grandmother, and a little girl will sit down and make a doll - the parts are not sewn together, but tied with threads. Fearing that an evil spirit would move into the doll, faces were not marked on it, thereby protecting the child from evil forces. The custom of not painting the face of a doll persisted for a long time among many peoples and was widespread in ancient times and in Rus'.
3rd part. Problematic
Educator. Guys, what do you think is needed to make such a doll?
Children. Textile white for the face, scraps of colored fabric for scarves and sundresses, multi-colored threads, ribbons and ribbons.
Educator. Are all dolls made in the same way, because they are so different? There really are many ways to make dolls. And the dolls are called differently. Would you like to learn more about them and learn how to make such dolls?
Part 4. Stimulating children's questions
Children walk through exhibition hall, look at the exhibits on display and ask the guide questions about the names of the dolls and the techniques for making them.
The techniques for making dolls are very diverse. The Kuvadka doll and lovebirds are made from nothing but scraps tied with thread; the Vezha doll consists of three “balls” - lumps of wool, wrapped in a rag, and at the base of the various columns is a column twisted from fabric. If you dress up two sticks tied crosswise, you get a doll - a cross, if a bag of grain - a grain.
The guide draws the children's attention to a doll in a hut on chicken legs and invites them to close their eyes.
Music is playing. Baba Yaga appears and invites the children to guess riddles about the forest inhabitants:
What kind of forest animal
Did you stand up like a post under a pine tree?
And stands among the grass,
Ears higher than your head? (Hare.)
The master sewed a fur coat for himself.
I forgot to take out the needles. (Hedgehog.)
Who deftly jumps through the Christmas trees?
And flies up into the oak trees?
Who hides nuts in a hollow,
Drying mushrooms for the winter? (Squirrel.)
Look what -
Everything burns like gold
Walks around in an expensive fur coat.
The tail is fluffy and large. (Fox.)
He sleeps in a den in winter
Under a huge pine tree,
And when spring comes,
Wakes up from sleep. (Bear.)
Water masters
They build a house without an axe,
A house of brushwood and mud,
Called a dam. (Beavers.)
Then Baba Yaga offers the game “Who can fly around the tree on a broom faster” and treats the children with candy.
Statement of a new problem
Educator. Guys, would you like to make a doll yourself? At home, together with adults, select scraps of fabric, multi-colored threads and ribbons, and then in a group, we will make dolls - diapers. Think about who the doll will be for: for yourself or maybe it will be a gift?
Part 5. Symbolization
Productive activity. Artistic handicraft: “A doll - a diaper.”
Olga Kremneva
Summary of the excursion to the Russian Izba Museum
Summary of an educational excursion to the museum« Russian hut»
in the preparatory group
Program content:
Continue to introduce children to traditions Russian people, With Russian hut - the home of a peasant family.
Develop the ability to examine household items, note their benefits and beauty.
To foster interest in the history of Russia, to evoke an emotional response.
Develop interest in Russian folklore, folk traditions.
Strengthen the ability to sculpt household utensils (bowls, spoons, cast iron)
Materials and equipment:
Household items
Plasticine, modeling boards, stacks
Integration with other educational regions:
Communication.
Fiction.
Artistic creativity.
Preliminary work:
Reading Russian folk tales.
Looking at illustrations for Russian folk tales.
Learning round dance songs, Russians folk games , dancing.
Sounds Russian folk music.
Educator: We are in museum our kindergarten which is called « Russian hut» . Items that are in museum, are called exhibits, you cannot touch them with your hands, only look at them.
Educator: A long time ago in Rus', people built their homes from logs. These houses were called huts.
Educator: When you entered the hut, what did you see?
Children: Bake.
Educator: That’s right, upon entering the hut, they immediately looked at the stove attention: it takes up almost half of the hut.
And what is it for? (children's answer).
Guys, who knows the proverbs about the hut?
Let's talk them out:
“A house is not a house without a stove”.
“When it’s hot in the oven, then it’s cooked”.
“What is in the oven is all swords on the table”.
"Not red hut with corners, and red with pies"
Educator: Well done.
In the old days they talked about the stove So: “She is both a water-maid and a nurse, a body-warmer”. The whole way of life, the whole life of a peasant, is connected with the stove.
Notice what's next to the stove? (Poker, grip, cast iron).
The teacher makes a wish riddle:
Glade yard of red cows
The black one will come in and kick everyone out (poker)
The teacher shows the cast iron.
Why do you think it is needed? (Children's response).
They cooked porridge and cabbage soup in a cast iron pot.
It’s hot in the stove, you can’t put the cast iron on with your hands, and that’s what the grip is for.
(The teacher shows how to use a grip to place a cast iron pot in the oven).
This is the riddle I'll tell you, listen:
It horns, but it’s not a bull; it grabs, but it doesn’t eat.
He gives to people, but he himself goes on vacation.
(Grab).
Educator: Pay attention to the table. Why is the table as big as you think? (Children answer).
Yes, that's right, because in the past, in the old days, families were large. They sat down at the table on benches.
Why are the benches long and wide? (children's answer).
They sat on the benches during lunch, and at night they slept on the benches, since there was not enough room for everyone in the hut. Almost everything in the hut was done by hand. Long winter evenings they cut bowls and spoons from wood, the girls embroidered and sewed clothes. Carrying out handmade young girls and boys sang Russians folk songs , danced in circles, played games.
Let's play a round dance game with a ribbon.
Vanya went out for a walk (Vanya walks inside the circle with a ribbon in his hand, looking out for his friend, the children dance in a circle and sing)
I started choosing a girlfriend
I started choosing a girlfriend
Who should I give the ribbon to? (Children stop)
Bow down, take a bow (Vanya bows to the chosen girl, the girl answers)
Yes, hold on to the ribbon.
Educator: we played, now let’s continue the inspection museum. Please look at the bed, what a patchwork quilt you sewed yourself (Manually). And how beautifully the pillows are embroidered. Everything was done carefully, with love, and was not only useful, but also beautiful and pleasing to the eye. This desire for beauty and mastery were passed on from generation to generation.
And here is the spinning wheel. What do you think it was intended for? (Children's response).
Yes, the kids spun threads correctly on a spinning wheel. This is how they laid the tow (wool, linen). And they spun using another device - a spindle.
Mystery:
The more I spin
The fatter I become.
(Spindle).
Look at men's and women's clothing. U Russian Shirts are a feature of the cut of the collar; its cut is located not in the middle of the chest, but on the side. Hence the name kosovorotka; kosovorotkas were often decorated with embroidery. They belted the shirt with a belt - a sash. Belt (sash) was not only decoration, to it were hemmed: knife, spoon. The belt replaced pockets. (The teacher shows illustrations from Russian fairy tales) .
Women's clothing was presented as follows attributes: sundress, caftan (blouse, apron. Married women They wore poneva - this is a skirt with unsewn edges and an apron. The most common shoe Russian people, there were bast shoes.
Educator: Every hut must have a red corner. In our museum-The hut also has a red corner. In the old days the word "red" meant: beautiful, main, solemn. Icons hang in the red corner. There is also a table and benches here. Guests were seated in the red corner and had a tea party from Russian samovar. They talked So:
Steam on top, steam on bottom
Ours hisses Russian samovar
You're welcome for a cup of tea!
This is how we live:
We chew gingerbread and drink tea
We invite everyone to visit.
Guys, let's make a cast iron doll from plasticine, spoons, bowls, and maybe someone wants to make a samovar.
Lesson summary: - Guys, we visited today museum of our kindergarten« Russian hut» .
Did you like it? (Children's response).
What new have you learned? (Children's response).
Used Books: Vakhrushev A. A "hello world"
Publications on the topic:
IN last years V Russian system preschool education Certain positive changes have occurred: the content of education is being updated.
Having considerable teaching experience working with preschool children, I always adhere to the idea of educating each child as best as possible.
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Lesson summary “Journey to the past. Russian hut" Russian hut (journey to the past) Purpose and objectives: to introduce people to the life of people in ancient times; show and talk about objects.