Plan
1.Introduction
2. Similarities and differences between Oblomov and Stolz
3. Relationship between Oblomov and Stolz
1. Introduction. In his famous novel I. A. Goncharov very accurately depicted a special phenomenon in Russian life - “Oblomovism.” Main character represents this negative phenomenon. Laziness, passivity and lack of any aspirations are the main distinguishing qualities of I. I. Oblomov. The complete opposite of this is Oblomov’s closest friend, A. Stolz. This is an active, purposeful person who brings real benefit to the whole society. Two completely different people have a very close relationship.
2. Similarities and differences between Oblomov and Stolz. The two main characters of the novel were connected only by their childhood together and their years of study. There were some similarities in their innate spiritual aspirations, but the methods of raising Oblomov and Stolz were too different. Little Ilya grew up as if in a sleeping kingdom of a village idyll. He had nothing to worry about. Before Ilyusha’s eyes there was always an example of the correct and reasonable structure of life.
In the Oblomov family, life flowed slowly and leisurely. Worries and anxieties did not concern them at all. Little boy and would have been glad to run around and play with the village boys, but he was under the vigilant supervision of his elders. Parents believed that the healthiest thing for the child was to eat and sleep more. Even studying was a last priority for them. By limiting their son’s natural need for movement and activity, they gradually turned him into the future lazy Oblomov.
Stolz grew up in completely different conditions. His father was a German who strove to give his son a hard-working, practical education. From the very early years Andrey began to study various natural sciences. At any free moment he did not indulge in rest, but ran as fast as he could to the village. He felt like he belonged among peasant children. More than once Andrei was brought home beaten and in torn clothes, but at the same time extremely happy.
Stolz's mother was Russian. She instilled in her son a love of music and literature. Thanks to such a diverse upbringing and training, Stolz took after neither his father nor his mother. Having taken the best from his parents, he became a unique personality, persistently pursuing his goal. IN teenage years Oblomov and Stolz were fond of literature and science together and dreamed of traveling around the world. But Ilya Ilyich soon got tired of the fuss, and Andrei made his dreams come true.
3. Relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. People with opposite personalities get along the easiest. Stolz is a strong personality to whom Oblomov unconditionally obeyed. But there was nothing humiliating in this submission. Ilya Ilyich endlessly respected Andrei for his determination, and Andrei responded to him with sincere friendly love. It was love that forced Stolz to constantly make attempts to “stir up” his friend, to force him to do the real thing.
Under the influence of Andrei, Oblomov at least thought about his aimless existence. He was greatly influenced apt definition Stolz - "Oblomovism". Only Stolz had the strength to temporarily pull Oblomov out of his sleep state. Ilya Ilyich’s love for Olga is the direct merit of Andrei. Oblomov, for his part, also loved his only true friend. He believed only Stolz and tried to follow his reasonable instructions.
Oblomov - no negative character. He had an open soul and a big heart. Andrei understood this better than anyone and was afraid that laziness would destroy his friend. Friends complemented each other. If it were possible to create one person out of two people, then the merger of Oblomov with Stolz would give a truly ideal personality with a sensitive soul and a desire for a goal.
In the novel "Oblomov" Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov wanted to contrast Western and Russian culture. Oblomov and Stolz - two key images works. The novel is built on the device of antithesis. It is realized through the contrast of these two characters in the work. Stolz and Oblomov are in many ways opposite. In Russian classical literature there are many works constructed in a similar way. These are, for example, “Hero of Our Time” and “Eugene Onegin”. IN foreign literature you can also find such examples.
"Oblomov" and "Don Quixote"
The novel “Don Quixote” by Miguel de Cervantes most resonates with Oblomov. This work describes the contradictions between reality and a person’s idea of what it should be like. perfect life. This contradiction extends, as in Oblomov, to outside world. Like Ilya Ilyich, Hidalgo is immersed in dreams. Oblomov in the work is surrounded by people who do not understand him, because their ideas about the world are limited to its material side. True, these two stories have a diametrically opposite outcome: before his death, Alonso has an epiphany. This character understands that he was mistaken in his dreams. But Oblomov does not change. Obviously, this outcome is the difference between Western and Russian mentality.
Antithesis is the main technique in the work
With the help of antithesis, you can more comprehensively draw the personalities of the heroes, since everything is learned in comparison. It is impossible to understand Ilya Ilyich by removing Stolz from the novel. Goncharov shows the strengths and weaknesses of his characters. At the same time, the reader can look from the outside at himself and his inner world. This will help prevent mistakes that the heroes Oblomov and Stolz made in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov".
Ilya Ilyich is a man with a native Russian soul, and Andrei Stolts is a representative new era. In Russia there have always been and will be both. Stolz and Oblomov are characters through whose interaction, as well as through their interaction with other characters in the work, the author conveys the main ideas. Olga Ilyinskaya is the link between them.
The importance of childhood in the formation of characters' characters
Childhood in every person's life has great value. Personality during this period has not yet been formed. A person is like a sponge, absorbing everything he offers. the world around us. It is in childhood that upbringing occurs, on which depends what a person will become in adulthood. Therefore, an important role in Goncharov’s novel is played by the description of the childhood and upbringing of future antipodes, who are Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts. In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author gives a description of Ilya Ilyich's childhood. He remembers Oblomovka, his native village. After reading this chapter, we understand where immobility and laziness came from in the character of this hero.
Childhood of Ilya Oblomov
Stolz and Oblomov were brought up differently. Ilyusha is like a future master. Many guests and relatives lived in his parents' house. They all praised and caressed little Ilyusha. He was exquisitely and a lot fed with “cream”, “crackers”, “buns”. Food, it should be noted, was the main concern in Oblomovka. She spent a lot of time. The whole family decided on what dishes would be for dinner or lunch. After lunch, everyone fell into a long sleep. This is how the days passed: eating and sleeping. When Ilya grew up, he was sent to study at the gymnasium. Parents were not interested in Ilyusha’s knowledge. All that was important to them was a certificate that he had completed various sciences and arts. Therefore, Ilya Oblomov grew up as an uneducated, downtrodden boy, but kind at heart.
Childhood of Andrei Stolts
With Stolz, everything is just the opposite. Andrei’s father, a German by nationality, raised independence in his son from an early age. He was dry towards his child. Focus and rigor are the main features that his parents put into Andrei’s upbringing. Every day of the family was spent at work. When the boy grew up, his father began to take him to the market, to the field, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught his son sciences, German language. Then Stolz began sending the child into the city on errands. Goncharov notes that it never happened that Andrei forgot something, overlooked something, changed it, or made a mistake. A Russian noblewoman, the boy's mother, taught him literature and gave spiritual education to her son. As a result, Stolz became a smart, strong young man.
Farewell to home
Let us turn to the scenes that describe how Stolz and Oblomov left their native villages. Oblomov is seen off with tears in his eyes, they do not want to let go of their dear child - an atmosphere of love for the boy is felt. And when home leaves Stolz, his father only gives him a few instructions regarding spending cash. At the moment of farewell, they don’t even have anything to say to each other.
Two environments, two characters and their influence on each other
The villages of Oblomovka and Verkhlevo are two completely different environments. Oblomovka is a kind of heaven on Earth. Nothing happens here, everything is calm and quiet. In power in Verkhlevo is Andrei’s father, a German, who organizes the German order here.
Oblomov and Stolz have common character traits. Their friendship, which existed since childhood, led to the fact that, while communicating, they influenced each other to some extent. Both heroes were raised together for some time. They went to school, which Andrei's father maintained. However, they came here, one might say, from completely different worlds: once and for all established, undisturbed order of life in the village of Oblomovka; and the active work of a German burgher, which interspersed with lessons from his mother, who tried to instill in Andrei an interest and love for art.
For further development relationship, however, Andrei and Ilya lack communication. Oblomov and Stolz gradually move away from each other as they grow up. Their friendship, meanwhile, does not stop. However, she is also hampered by the fact that the financial status of these two heroes is different. Oblomov is a real master, a nobleman. This is the owner of 300 souls. Ilya could do nothing at all, being supported by his serfs. Everything is different for Stolz, who was a Russian nobleman only through his mother. He had to maintain his material well-being on his own.
Oblomov and Stolz in the novel "Oblomov" in mature years became completely different. It was already difficult for them to communicate. Stolz began to be sarcastic and make fun of Ilya’s reasoning, which was so far from reality. Differences in character and outlook on life eventually led to the gradual weakening of their friendship.
The meaning of friendship in Goncharov
The red thread running through this novel is the idea of friendship, the role it plays in a person’s life. A person, in interaction with others, can reveal his true essence. Friendship has many forms: “brotherhood”, glorified by Pushkin, selfish, friendship for one reason or another. Apart from the sincere one, in essence, all others are just forms of egoism. Andrei and Ilya had a strong friendship. She connected them, as we have already noted, since childhood. Goncharov’s novel helps readers understand why Oblomov and Stolz are friends, what role friendship plays in a person’s life, thanks to the fact that it describes many of its ups and downs.
The meaning and relevance of the novel "Oblomov"
The novel "Oblomov" is a work that has not lost its relevance to this day, since it reflects the essence of people's lives, which is eternal. The antithesis proposed by the author (his portrait is presented below) perfectly conveys the essence of the fate of the history of our country, which is marked by these two extremes.
It is difficult for a Russian person to find a middle ground, to mix the desire for well-being, the activity and hard work of Andrei Stolts and the broad soul of Oblomov, full of wisdom and light. Probably, in each of our compatriots, as in our country itself, these extremes live: Stolz and Oblomov. The characteristics of Russia's future depend on which of them will prevail.
I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is one of those that has taken its rightful place among the masterpieces of Russian classical literature. Using the technique of antithesis in a novel in the best possible way the characters' characters are revealed, a contrast is made between the image of the master Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the pedantic German Andrei Stolz. Goncharov thus demonstrates both the similarities and differences between the characters in the work. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a typical representative of the gentry class of the 19th century. Goncharov describes Oblomov’s position in society as follows: “Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for twelve years without a break.” Being a gentle and calm person by nature, Ilya Ilyich tries to practically not disturb his way of life. “His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also supported by softness and laziness, not devoid of a kind of grace.” Oblomov's days fly by in dreams of great changes in his family estate Oblomovka.
Goncharov wonderfully conveys to us the expression on Ilya Ilyich’s face: “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the face.” IN own home“He was lost in the rush of everyday worries and kept lying there, tossing and turning from side to side.” Not liking secular society, trying to go out on the street as little as possible, Oblomov forcefully communicated with rare visitors who showed up with selfish goals in mind. For example, Tarantiev borrows large and small sums from Ilya Ilyich and does not return them; in other words, he robs Oblomov.
Without thinking about the real plans of his visitors, Oblomov constantly finds himself a victim of human cunning. Oblomov also does not understand his frequent movements in secular circles. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy... what kind of life is this?” - Oblomov asks in surprise. Life should be quiet and calm, according to the main character.
And suddenly Stolz, Oblomov’s old friend, dashes into this measured rut. “Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business, and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz, can be called the complete opposite of Oblomov. Seeing hard life father, living in harsh conditions, Stolz developed in his mind the habit of difficulties and overcoming them. Having adopted absolutely nothing from his mother (Russian by birth), Stolz inherited a lot from his German father, a practical and purposeful person. Stolz clearly repeated his parent, he was “all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.”
Stolz, in contrast to Oblomov, “was afraid of every dream,” “there was no place for the mysterious, the mysterious in his soul.” Oblomov's normal state - lying on the sofa - at least embarrassed Stolz, who had a love for constant movement. Stolz’s motto was, as the author writes, “a simple, that is, a direct, real view of life.”
So what invisible thread connected these completely different people so firmly? What kept them from moving away from each other? Children's and school years spent together became that invisible chain that held them tightly next to each other. It turns out that such a dreamer as Oblomov was enthusiastic and active in his youth. Together with Stolz, they spent their days reading books, studying various sciences.
But the role of nature turned out to be more important: Oblomov’s gentle character somewhat alienated him from the forward-seeking Stolz. No matter how hard Andrei tried to save his friend, the quagmire of “Oblomovism” swallowed up the soul, thoughts and heart of Ilya Ilyich.
In conclusion, I would like to summarize. I. And Goncharov, using the technique of antithesis, managed to reveal the characters of Oblomov and Stolz in the best possible way, to compare not only these heroes, but also the life and reality surrounding them.
In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” one of the main techniques for revealing images is the technique of antithesis. Using contrast, the image of the Russian gentleman Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrei Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows the similarities and differences between these characters in the novel.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the 19th century. His social status can be briefly described as follows: “Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, a collegiate secretary by rank, has been living in St. Petersburg for twelve years without a break.” By nature, Oblomov is a gentle and calm person, trying not to disturb his usual way of life. “His movements, even when he was alarmed, were also restrained by gentleness and laziness, not without a kind of grace.” Oblomov spends whole days at home, lying on his sofa and thinking about the necessary transformations in his Oblomovka estate. At the same time, his face often lacked any definite idea. “The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the whole face.” Even at home, “he was lost in the rush of everyday worries and kept lying there, tossing and turning from side to side.” Oblomov shuns Sveu society and generally tries not to go out into the street. His serene state is disturbed only by visitors who come to Oblomov only for selfish purposes. Tarantiev, for example, simply robs Oblomov, constantly borrowing money from him and not returning it. Oblomov turns out to be a victim
their visitors without understanding the real purpose of their visits. Oblomov is so distant from real life that light for him represents eternal vanity without any purpose. “No sincere laughter, no glimmer of sympathy... what kind of life is this?” - Oblomov exclaims, counting communication with secular society a waste of time. But suddenly the calm and measured life of Ilya Ilyich is interrupted. What happened? His friend from his youth, Stolz, arrives, with whom Oblomov pins hopes of improving his situation.
“Stolz is the same age as Oblomov: and he is already over thirty years old. He served, retired, went about his business, and actually made a house and money.” The son of a burgher, Stolz can be considered the antipode to the idle Russian gentleman of the 19th century Oblomov. From early childhood he was brought up in harsh conditions, gradually getting used to the difficulties and hardships of life. His father is German, his mother is Russian, but Stolz inherited practically nothing from her. His father was completely involved in his upbringing, so his son grew up to be just as practical and purposeful. “He is all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse.” Unlike Oblomov, Stolz “was afraid of every dream,” “there was no place for the mysterious, the mysterious in his soul.” If for Oblomov the normal state can be called lying down, then for Stolz it is movement. The main task Stolz had a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life.” But what then connects Oblomov and Stolz? Childhood and school are what bound people so different in character and views for the rest of their lives. However, in his youth, Oblomov was just as active and passionate about knowledge as Stolz. They spent long hours together reading books and studying various sciences. But upbringing and a gentle character still played their role, and Oblomov soon moved away from Stolz. Subsequently, Stolz tries to bring his friend back to life, but his attempts are in vain: “Oblomovism” swallowed up Oblomov.
Thus, the technique of antithesis is one of the main techniques in I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. Using antithesis, Goncharov compares not only the images of Oblomov and Stolz, he also compares the objects and reality surrounding them. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov continues the tradition of many Russian writers. For example, N.A. Ostrovsky in his work “The Thunderstorm” contrasts Kabanikha and Katerina. If for Kabanikha the ideal of life is “Domostroy”, then for Katerina love, honesty and mutual understanding are above all. A, S. Griboedov in immortal work“Woe from Wit,” using the technique of antithesis, compares Chatsky and Famusov.
The novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov has not lost its relevance and its objective meaning in our time, because it contains a universal philosophical meaning. Main conflict The writer reveals the novel - between the patriarchal and bourgeois ways of Russian life - on the opposition of people, feelings and reason, peace and action, life and death. Using the technique of antithesis, Goncharov makes it possible to deeply understand the idea of the novel and penetrate into the souls of the characters.
Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts are the main characters of the work. These are people of the same class, society, time. It would seem that people of the same environment should have similar characters and worldviews. But they are completely opposite to each other. Stolz, unlike Oblomov, is shown by the writer as an active person whose reason prevails over feeling. Goncharov makes attempts to understand why these people are so different, and he looks for the origins of this in origin, upbringing and education, as this lays the foundations of the characters.
The author shows the parents of the heroes.
Stolz was brought up in a poor family. His father was German by birth, and his mother was a Russian noblewoman. We see that the family spent all day long at work. When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught him the sciences, taught him the German language, that is, he instilled in his son respect for knowledge, the habit of thinking, and doing business. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.” The writer shows us how zealously and persistently this man develops in Andrei economic tenacity, the need for constant activity. The mother taught her son literature and managed to give him an excellent spiritual education. So, Stolz became a strong, intelligent young man.
What about Oblomov? His parents were nobles. Their life in the village of Oblomovka passed according to its own special laws. The Oblomov family had a cult of food. The whole family decided “what dishes would be for lunch or dinner.” And after lunch the whole house fell asleep and fell into a long sleep. And this is how every day passed in this family: only sleep and food. When Oblomov grew up, he was sent to study at a gymnasium. But we see that Ilyusha’s parents were not interested in their son’s knowledge. They themselves came up with excuses just to free their adored child from school; they dreamed of receiving a certificate proving that “Ilya passed all the sciences and arts.” They didn’t even let him out into the street again, because they were afraid that he would get hurt or get sick. Therefore, Oblomov grew up lazy, apathetic, and did not receive a proper education.
But let's look deeper into the characters of the main characters. Having rethought the pages I read in a new way, I realized that both Andrei and Ilya have their own tragedy in life.
At first glance, Stolz is new, progressive, almost ideal person. For him, work is a part of life, a pleasure. He does not disdain even the most menial work and leads an active life. From the moment he left home, he lived by work, thanks to which he became rich and famous to a wide circle people. Stolz's ideal of happiness is material wealth, comfort, personal well-being. And he achieves his goal through hard work. His life is full of action. But despite her outward well-being, she is boring and monotonous.
Unlike Oblomov, a man subtle soul, Stolz appears before the reader as a kind of machine: “He was all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse. He is thin; he has almost no cheeks at all, that is, bone and muscle... his complexion is even, dark and no blush.” Stolz lives strictly according to plan, his life is scheduled minute by minute, and there are no surprises in it, interesting moments, he almost never worries or experiences any event particularly strongly. And we see that the tragedy of this man lies precisely in the monotony of his life, in the one-sidedness of his worldview.
Now let's turn to Oblomov. Work for him is a burden. He was a gentleman, which means that he did not have to devote a single drop of time to work. And I'm not even talking about physical labor, because he was even too lazy to get up from the sofa, leave the room so that they could clean it. He spends his whole life on the sofa, does nothing, is not interested in anything (he just can’t bring himself to finish reading the book “Journey through Africa”, even the pages of this book have turned yellow). Oblomov's ideal of happiness is complete calm and good food. And he achieved his ideal. Servants cleaned after him, and his houses big problems there was no farming. And another tragedy is revealed to us - the moral death of the hero. Before our eyes, the inner world of this man is becoming poorer; from a kind, pure person, Oblomov turns into a moral cripple.
But despite all the differences between Stolz and Oblomov, they are friends, friends since childhood. They are united by the most beautiful character traits: honesty, kindness, decency.
The essence of the novel is that inaction can destroy all the best feelings of a person, corrode his soul, destroy his personality, but work and the desire for education will bring happiness, provided that a person has a rich inner world.
Oblomov and Stolz are the main characters of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. They are people of the same time, but, reading the novel, we are surprised to find that these people differ in the most essential features that make up their personality. What makes them different? I. A. Goncharov is a realist writer, and therefore, in order to answer this question, it is necessary to trace how the lives of these two heroes develop.
Stolz was brought up in a poor family. His father was German by birth. Mother is a Russian noblewoman. All the family's days were spent at work. When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and taught him to work. At the same time, he taught him the sciences and the German language. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.” His mother taught him literature and managed to give her son an excellent spiritual education. So, Stolz was accustomed to work from childhood, and in addition, he was accustomed to the idea that anything in life can only be achieved through hard work.
Oblomov's parents were nobles. Their life in the village of Oblomovka passed according to their own special laws. The most important activities in their lives were rest and food. The whole family decided “what dishes would be for lunch or dinner,” followed by a long nap after lunch. Any desire of Ilyusha to do at least something was stopped: why should the little master bother himself when there are serfs in the house who are ready to immediately take on the work? They didn’t even let the boy go far from home - they were afraid that he would kill himself or get sick. When Oblomov grew up, he was sent to study at a gymnasium. Parents were not interested in Ilyusha's knowledge. They only dreamed of receiving a document confirming that “Ilya passed all the sciences and arts.”
Work for Stolz was a part of his life, a pleasure. He did not disdain even the most menial work. For Oblomov this was a burden. Firstly, because he was not used to working, and secondly, because he did not see the point in work. He did not need to ensure his existence, and he did not see any benefit from his service. He recognizes only the work of the soul. And all this led to the fact that at some point Oblomov even became too lazy to get up from the sofa and leave the room to put things in order.
So, Oblomov spends his life on the couch. He does nothing, is not interested in anything (he still cannot bring himself to finish reading the book “Journey in Africa,” although the pages of this book have already turned yellow). Stolz leads an active life. Based on some remarks in the text of the novel, we can judge the scale of his activities: he has lunch with a gold miner, travels to Kyiv and Nizhny Novgorod- the largest shopping centers Russia, as well as London, Paris, Lyon. He works hard, his life is full of action.
But who does I. A. Goncharov’s sympathies belong to? Is it possible to say that Stolz is the ideal that, in the writer’s opinion, one should be equal to? Having revealed the image of Stolz to readers, I. A. Goncharov showed himself to be a deep and accurate sociologist of Russian society, and realized that the time was coming for precisely such people as Oblomov’s friend. But Goncharov also had a huge life experience, acquired during travel. Therefore, he makes a comprehensive judgment about the consequences of scientific and technological progress. He pays tribute to the latest achievements of society, admires the transformative activity of the “newest Englishman,” but also sees the other side of the coin. Goncharov does not accept mechanization human personality which progress inevitably brings. Lack of spirituality, even if it were carried out by the most active and educated person, could not be accepted by the Russian humanist writer. However, one should not understand lack of spirituality as a lack of desire to help one’s neighbor. Stolz seeks to “stir up” his childhood friend. They are united with Oblomov by honesty, kindness, and decency. But the difference between them is too significant. If Stolz’s activities can change everything around him, then Oblomov is completely focused on his inner world. He is lost in thought. Isn't this one of the main properties of a Russian person, described even before I. A. Goncharov? Oblomov’s similar attitude to life leads to the fact that his estate is falling into disrepair, his peasants are on the verge of ruin. The main character of the novel is just a “fragment” of the former greatness of the Russians noble families. These are not the kind of people who will contribute to the development of Russia. But only in such people lives the great need to doubt everything, to have a critical attitude towards oneself. They, unlike the Stoltzes, are able to understand that the truth is not necessarily what they imagine, that it may lie outside the limits of their lifestyle and their views.
So, despite the fact that it was Stoltz who was ultimately given the love of Olga, I. A. Goncharov’s beloved heroine, he cannot be close to Goncharov’s ideal of a person. But Oblomov is not ideal either. It seems to me that the writer did not strive to show the ideal in his novel. On the contrary, he showed two troubles, two extremes living in Russian society: “Oblomovism” and the Stolts, many of whom should “appear under Russian names.”
(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I. A. Goncharov)
The great Russian writer, successor to the traditions of Pushkin and Gogol, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, above all, valued the objectivity and depth of depiction of life in literature. He proceeded from the conviction that “reality, whatever it may be, needs an epically calm depiction.” That is why he chose the genre of the novel for his work, which most fully met his requirements. The plots of Goncharov's works always develop slowly and calmly. They focus on everyday life heroes. But, despite this, all the pictures and images created by the writer are surprisingly bright, complete, containing characteristic features society and people of his time. V. G. Belinsky also wrote that in Goncharov “... each person expresses himself as a person and character, defends, so to speak, his moral existence.”
The main character of the novel, Oblomov, clearly displays the features of a “natural man”, which are amazingly preserved in mid-19th century. Adhering to the ideology of natural life, the hero exists according to his own principles, his own ideology, his own understanding of a whole and harmonious person. He resolutely rejects vanity, vanity, careerism, and the pursuit of a profitable marriage and wealth. “No,” he exclaims, “this is not life, but a distortion of the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as the goal of man.” However, despite his naivety, he does not think about the fact that all this is possible for him - the master, since he has Zakhar and three hundred more peasants working for his carefree existence. Oblomov is a real landowner - not only by origin, but also by spirit. He feels every right to reproach the servant and all the peasants in general for obvious ingratitude: “... for you I devoted all of myself, for you
I retired, I’m locked up...” And, what is most absurd and incredible, the hero himself is completely convinced of the justice of his own accusations.
Ilya Ilyich rejoices in his immobility and independence, completely unaware of the fact that he himself is part of that world that he hates, where the integrity of the human personality is violated, where, in his conviction, “literacy is harmful to the peasant: teach him, so he, perhaps, and he won’t plow..." The lordly habits have become second nature to him, thanks to which a clear contradiction is created between Oblomov’s thoughts, ideology and his actual life. Only sometimes does insight dawn on him, and then with oppressive anxiety he begins to think not only about his life, but also about the reasons that destroyed all the good that was inherent in him: “It was as if someone had stolen and buried in his own soul what he had brought he was given treasures of peace and life... Some secret enemy laid a heavy hand on him at the beginning of his journey and threw him far from his direct human destination...” The answer to the question that tormented the hero comes in “Oblomov’s Dream,” where Goncharov paints a picture of a patriarchal-serf utopia, the main content of which, according to the writer, was “sleep, eternal silence, sluggish life and lack of movement.” Thus, the enemy who destroyed everything good in Ilya Ilyich was his very way of life, everything that later acquired a persistent definition - Oblomovism. The author emphasized that he saw in his hero precisely the embodiment of “ dead life", which mercilessly destroys human soul, human nature itself.
Oblomov in the novel is contrasted with Stolz, who, it would seem, could well become positive hero. However, Goncharov makes it clear that this image is far from so clear-cut. He is an energetic, purposeful person, striving for activity and movement. It is people like Stolz, according to the author, who are called upon to awaken the “petrified kingdom” with its laziness, apathy, and sleep. However, the writer admits that the image of his hero is not convincing enough. He is “weak, pale - the idea peeks out of him too nakedly,” Goncharov later said. His strength and convictions are not enough to take up a decisive struggle, to justify his ideas with deeds. He is too influenced by reason and almost completely devoid of feeling. He still completely belongs to the bourgeois world from which he came. “We will not go with the Manfreds and Fausts into a daring fight against rebellious issues, we will not accept their challenge, we will bow our heads...” Stolz frankly admits, thereby showing the inconsistency of all his lofty ideas.
Thus, drawing images of opposite heroes - Oblomov and Stolz, Goncharov created not positive and negative heroes, but real people, with their weak and strengths. So, Oblomov, for all his passivity and inactivity, is still capable of subtle feelings, capable of seeing the shortcomings of society. But due to its softness, delicacy, vulnerability, and also under the influence environment, cannot change, see the signs of these shortcomings in himself, and overcome them in himself. That is why he is unhappy. On the other hand, Stolz cannot be happy either, who is still inclined to a position of humility.
Using the example of his heroes, Goncharov sought to show the reader all the evil - social, everyday, and psychological - that Oblomovism carries within itself, protesting at the same time against bourgeois lack of spirituality, revealing the danger of the bourgeois principles of life embodied in Stolz. The writer strongly advocated harmonic completeness, integrity spiritual world person, which is possible only with a combination of positive and eradication negative aspects the nature of both characters.
Oblomov and Stolz are the main characters of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. They are people of the same class, society, time. It would seem that living in the same environment, their characters and worldviews should be similar. But, reading the novel, we are surprised to find in Oblomov and Stolze, the different components that make up their personality. What makes them different? To answer this question, let us trace their physical and physical characteristics. spiritual development from childhood, as this lays the foundations of their characters. Stolz, he was brought up in a poor family. His father was German by birth. Mother is a Russian noblewoman. All the family's days were spent at work. When Stolz grew up, his father began to take him to the field, to the market, and forced him to work. At the same time, he taught him the sciences and the German language. Then Stolz began sending his son to the city on errands, “and it never happened that he forgot something, changed it, overlooked it, or made a mistake.” His mother taught him literature and managed to give his son an excellent spiritual education. So, Stolz became a strong, intelligent young man. Oblomov. His parents were nobles. Their life in the village of Oblomovka passed according to its own special laws. The most important thing in their life was food. They devoted a lot of time to her. As a family, they decided “what dishes would be for lunch or dinner.” After lunch, a long nap followed. The whole house fell asleep. This is how all the days passed: sleep and food. When Oblomov grew up, he was sent to study at the gymnasium. His parents were not interested in Ilyusha’s knowledge. They dreamed of receiving a certificate proving that “Ilya passed all the sciences and arts.” physical education, then he wasn’t even allowed outside. They were afraid that he might die or get sick. So, Oblomov grew up as a downtrodden boy, without education, but kind in his soul. Now let's analyze their views on life. Work for Stolz was a part of his life, a pleasure. He did not disdain even the most menial work. For Oblomov this was a burden. He was a gentleman, which means that he should not devote a single drop of time to work. I'm not even talking about physical labor. He was even too lazy to get up from the sofa and leave the room to clean it up. Their lifestyle also speaks about the characters’ character. Oblomov spends his life living on the couch. He does nothing, is not interested in anything (he still cannot bring himself to finish reading the book “Journey in Africa”, even the pages of this book have turned yellow). Stolz leads an active life. From the moment he left home, he lives by work Thanks to his work, willpower, and patience, he became rich and known to a wide circle of people. Oblomov’s ideal of happiness was complete peace and good food. And he achieved this: he slept peacefully on the couch and ate well. there were no problems with the household. Stolz's ideal of happiness is life in work. He works hard, his life is full of action. But, despite all the differences between them, they are friends, friends from childhood. character: honesty, kindness, decency. You can also talk about Oblomov’s love for Olga, if this, of course, can be called love. To achieve her love, he began to read, go to museums, and walk. But this change is only external. the former Oblomov. The essence of the novel is that inaction can destroy all the best feelings of a person, corrode his soul, destroy his personality, but work and the desire for education will bring happiness.
An incredible work by Goncharov is the novel “Oblomov”. The author covers many topics that concern almost everyone. One of the most important is the theme of friendship between Oblomov and Stolz.
Oblomov and Stolz have been friends since childhood. They grew up nearby. But later Oblomov left for St. Petersburg. And after some time, the friends had to meet again.
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Oblomov was a nobleman. He was used to lying around all day and doing nothing. But Stolz is his complete opposite. He loves to work. He was taught this biological father. Therefore, Andrei Stolts cannot just sit idle. He tries to awaken his friend, but, unfortunately, he failed.
You may ask why different people can remain friends for so many years. But they have some things the same. These are qualities such as decency, kindness and sincerity. These are the qualities that are needed in true friendship. Unfortunately, dislike for work can kill these feelings for a person, which is what gradually happened to Oblomov.
We can see the consequences of raising children differently. After all, Stolz was raised by his father, instilling in his son a love of work from childhood. And Oblomov grew up as a nobleman who does not want to do anything, which is what ruins him.
Updated: 2017-07-31
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In the novel “Oblomov,” Alexander Goncharov touches on the theme of friendship between people completely different in character and views.
A comparative description of the image of Oblomov and Stolz will help the reader figure out whether it is capable of changing a person for the better.
Childhood and education
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up as a spoiled child. The parents were too protective of their son and did not give him the opportunity to prove himself. Didn't like to study. He believed that science was sent to people as punishment for their sins. As a thirteen-year-old boy, he was enrolled in a boarding school. He often asked his mother for permission to stay at home and not go to school. I did not receive sufficient knowledge at the university due to my own laziness.
Andrey Ivanovich Stolts was a smart boy. He absorbed knowledge like a sponge. His father raised him in strictness. Mother did not encourage “labor education.” When the father sent his son to university, he did not take him to the city. I said goodbye at the gate without unnecessary emotions, put on his cap, and pushed him so hard that he knocked him off his feet.”
Appearance
Ilya has overweight. His “plump arms and soft shoulders” gave his appearance a certain delicacy. “His complexion was not ruddy or dark, he seemed positively pale.” There were always certain thoughts in the gray eyes that quickly disappeared before they had time to settle in their heads.
Andrey he is thin, has no cheeks at all, and has dark skin. “It was made of bones, nerves and muscles, and resembled an English horse.” His face had expressive green eyes. It exudes masculinity and health.
Aspirations and wealth
Ilya Oblomov at thirty-two years old, he had acquired absolutely nothing on his own. He left the service because of a stupid mistake he made, sending important documents not at the address. He couldn't complete a simple assignment. Lives in rented apartments. The property inherited from parents suffers losses and does not bring adequate prosperity. Ilya Ilyich knows nothing about financial matters.
Doesn't try to keep up with anything and create something in life. He lies on the sofa, constantly in a sleepy state.
Stolz“I served, after resigning, I went into business on my own and made a house and money. He's involved in some company that ships goods overseas." Does not make mistakes in work. He achieved respect in society and material wealth through his own efforts. “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to England or Belgium, they send him. Should be created new project or disassemble new idea- Stolz is chosen.”
Love for a woman
Andrey respects opposite sex. In his relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya, he proves himself to be a true gentleman, capable of solving all the concerns of his beloved and making her happy. He achieved his goal - he married the one he loves.
Ilya always tactful in dealing with women. He loved Olga Ilyinskaya, but could not overcome his laziness and reluctance to change. I was afraid of the ordinariness of marriage. He caused his beloved a lot of trouble; she often cried because of his caustic speeches. He married the widow Pshenitsyna, from whom he rented a room. She demanded absolutely nothing from him. Such relationships suited Oblomov.
Attitude to life
Andrey Stolts, full of health, wishes to live many more years. Although he is a realist, phrases are often heard from his lips that he wants to “live two hundred, three hundred years.” Adheres to the goal that everything should be accomplished based on clearly defined tasks. The dream had no place in his soul.
Ilya Oblomov calls himself an “old caftan.” Sometimes he voices thoughts that he would lie down and fall asleep forever. Likes to dream. His imagination often paints imaginary pictures. The images of the future wife and children are especially clearly highlighted.