Analysis of "Don't Shoot White Swans" by Boris Vasiliev Boris Vasiliev became an exponent of Orthodox morality in Soviet literature. He expressed his position not declaratively, but as the holy fathers did in their parables. Examples of the non-acquisitive attitude towards life of the heroes of this Russian writer are not edifying and moralizing - even positive characters by no means ideal. But they carry within themselves a righteous lifestyle. The simplest analysis leads to this idea. “Don’t Shoot White Swans” is one of the works that illustrates the Orthodox idea in Vasiliev’s work. About the author The writer of the Russian land was born in Smolensk in 1924. His parents were nobles, his father was an officer who served in the Tsarist and then in the Red Army. When the war began, Boris Vasiliev volunteered for the front, served in a destroyer battalion, then in the airborne troops. After the shell shock, he studied at the military academy and tested new models of armored vehicles. In 1954, he realized that his calling was literature, he left the army and began writing, at first only scripts. The play "Officer" - the first attempt at writing - turned out to be too bold for its time and was banned. However, morals were not as cruel as just recently: the front-line author was given a chance. After the feature films “Another Flight” and “Long Day,” there was a long, almost ten-year pause, and then the film “Officers” won the hearts of viewers. They still love her today. The time of long creative downtime was difficult, the writer earned extra money as best he could (scripts for KVN, film magazines, etc.), but he never hacked and was faithful to his life principles. The most striking pages of his military prose were the play “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...”. Peaceful life The story "Don't Shoot White Swans" is dedicated to this story. Analysis of the work speaks of a single ideological line that pierces the entire work of this wonderful author. Main character Egor Polushkin is a romantic by nature. In the village, with its practical life, this bright quality of character is not valued. It seems that it was precisely about the contradiction between utilitarianism and the irrational desire for beauty that Vasiliev wrote his work (“Don’t Shoot White Swans”). A more detailed analysis, however, suggests a deeper artistic purpose author. Egor is not just a romantic - he opposes money-grubbing. He is disgusted with making money at any cost, and this manifests itself in all his actions. Such people may often be considered clueless, but in reality this person cannot do a job without putting his whole soul into it. Analysis of the story “Don’t Shoot White Swans” directly indicates that before us is a talented person who differs from those around him in his desire for creativity. The priority of self-expression over profit is quite natural for Yegor, which is why he looks like a person “not of this world.” Whatever he undertakes, he tries to do everything in his own way, unconventionally and beautifully. Instead of approved numbers on the boats there are animals and flowers. Now each watercraft can be distinguished, but the authorities do not like this method of marking, and all pictures were ordered to be painted over. Yegor's name is "Poor Bearer", and he really has a lot of troubles. Egor's relatives Polushkin's wife has an unusual name - Kharitina (that's the name she was given at baptism). Everything would be fine if it were not for the need to use an abbreviated form in everyday communication. Unkind neighbors call her Kharey, and her sister prefers to use the pseudo-foreign “Tina” to refer to her. She is not a bad woman, but she does not understand her husband and even decides to break up with him. However, later she realizes what kind of person she lives next to. Sister, Maryitsa, was the initiator of the Polushkin family moving to the village, where her husband received an enviable position as a forester. Fedor Ipatovich Buryanov - important person , the distribution of wood depends on him, and he does not forget about his interests. The image of a money-grubber was brought out in his face by Boris Vasiliev (“Don’t shoot white swans”). An analysis of his personality leads to the depressing conclusion that he does not know such a concept as conscience. He mercilessly exploits his brother-in-law: he builds a strong house for him, receiving in return a dilapidated hut. The forest is stolen by the "big boss". Sons Polushkin has a son, Kolya, who fits the definition of “clean-eyed.” The guy looks like his father, but he is more vulnerable; he has a highly developed sense of empathy. The boy shows creative inclinations: he writes poetry, which his father uses to unobtrusively campaign for respect for nature. The complete antipode to him is Buryanov’s “heir” Vovka, who never suffers from empathy, strives to snatch his own benefit and often cries from the insults inflicted on him, real and imaginary. The analysis of the novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans” from the point of view of generational continuity is clear; no “conflict between fathers and sons” is foreseen. However, it occurs in Kolka and Yegor, but it is due to the fact that the main character once drank too much and behaved unworthily. The son is so honest that he is not afraid to express his view on the situation, for which he receives a slap in the neck. Vovka is obviously not capable of such an act. He is very enterprising and even - not unsuccessfully - tries to sell a puppy that he was going to drown. Colleagues and bosses Polushkin is surrounded by strangers who do not understand him and are insignificant - the simplest analysis suggests this. “Don't Shoot White Swans” is a story about the struggle between cunning and wisdom, acquisitiveness and selflessness, stupid practicality and the desire for beauty. In addition to the aforementioned roguish Buryanov, the plot includes Filya and Cherepok - “friends” who are involved in scheming, they willingly drink with the main character, but just as quickly take up arms against him when Egor, driven by compassion, prevents the extortionate conditions imposed on a rural teacher for repairing her poor house. dwellings. Sazanov, who served as the head of the boat station, treats Polushkin tolerantly, but to a certain extent, until he crosses the boundaries formed in his mind by “life fatigue.” In other words, he is a narrow-minded person. Conflict Without conflict there is no plot, and, of course, it arose, all that remains is to analyze it. “Don’t shoot white swans” is the title of the story, and it is not for the sake of a catchphrase that beautiful white birds are mentioned in it. They became a symbol of the desecrated good that the main character wanted to bring to people. To return it to Swan Lake beautiful inhabitants, he buys birds. His opponents, or rather enemies, cannot think of a better use for them other than gastronomic ones. They stifle fish, kill swans and do not stop before eliminating such an insignificant obstacle, in their opinion, as “some kind of” Polushkin. This “bulldozer” psychology is also expressed in the previous conflict that broke out over a burned anthill, during which Yegor behaved unworthily. Hope There are two more important characters, which B. Vasiliev brought out in his story (“Don’t shoot white swans”). Analysis of the images of Yuri Petrovich Chuvalov and the rural teacher Nonna Yuryevna speaks of the high decency of both heroes. Each of them honestly goes about their business, they meet, and things begin to develop between them. serious relationship. They develop not without problems, but in the end everything ends well. It is characteristic that both Yuri and Nonna develop friendships with Yegor. He serves as a kind of touchstone, although the guy himself is not inclined to confrontation, but, on the contrary, shows truly Christian humility in his opposition to evil. The images of two young people living in harmony with their own souls and the world around them create a joyful background, without which the ending of the work would look too pessimistic. Final Egor again acted irrationally, entering into a conflict and going alone against drunken and violent poachers (he was not capable of any situational analysis). “Don’t shoot white swans” is a title-call with which the author addresses all people, warning them against cruelty. The main character paid for his love for beauty with his life. Before his death, in a hospital bed, he forgives Fyodor Ipatovich, who absurdly came to him to “make peace” with a bottle of expensive French cognac. Out of the kindness of his heart, he did not reveal his killers to the investigator. There is no vindictiveness in Polushkin’s character. The image of Fili, who goes to his grave and looks after it, is indicative. Will the lake be Swan Lake again? The son Kolka remained on earth, loving all living and beautiful things. All hope lies in him.

Good day. We need a comparative description of the heroes of the novel: P. P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov

1.) Portrait characteristics(use of text)
2.) Social origin (use of text)
3.) Education (use of text)
4.) Language features(use of text)
5.) Life interests (use of text)
6.) Attitude to the peasantry, to land issues, to life and political examples (use of text + own conclusions)
7.) Attitude to love, friendship (use of text + own conclusions)
8.) The author’s attitude towards the characters of the novel (use of text + own conclusions)
9.) Your attitude towards the characters in the novel (your own conclusions)
I would be very grateful and grateful for complete answers! :)

Help whoever can

I Literature XIX century.
1. Name the literary movements of the 19th century.
2. What world events and Russian history created the prerequisites
for the emergence of romanticism in Russia?
3. Name the founders of Russian romanticism.
4. Who stood at the origins of Russian realism?
5. Name the main thing literary direction second half of the 19th century
century.
6. What task did A.N. Ostrovsky set for himself in the play “The Thunderstorm”?
7. Express the philosophy of the writer A.N. Ostrovsky as an example
plays "The Thunderstorm".
8. What task did I.S. set for himself? Turgenev in the novel “Fathers and
children"?
9. Why is the novel by I.S. Critics called Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons"
anti-noble?
10.Express the main ideas of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and
punishment".
11.Formulate the basic principles of F.M.’s philosophy. Dostoevsky and
the main character of the novel, Rodion Raskolnikov.
12. Why, in your opinion, was the novel “War and Peace” criticized?
called “an encyclopedia of Russian life”?
13.What makes it different goodies novel by L.N. Tolstoy “War and
world"?
14.Name the stages of spiritual evolution of one of the characters in the novel: Andrei
Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov, Natasha Rostova.
15. What do the destinies of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov have in common?
II Literature of the 20th century.
1. What phenomena social life Russia influenced the development
literature of the 20th century?
2. What name did literature get? turn of the XIX century- early twentieth centuries?
3. Name the main ones literary movements this time?
4. What is the philosophy of I. Bunin’s story “ Cold autumn»?
5. What unites the stories of I. Bunin “Cold Autumn” and A.
Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet"?
6. “What you believe in, that is.” Which hero of M. Gorky's work
do these words belong? Explain his philosophy.
7. What is Satin’s role in the play “At the Bottom”?
8. Image civil war in the stories of M. Sholokhov “Birthmark”
and "Food Commissioner".
9. What are the features of the Russian character in the story by M. Sholokhov
"The Fate of Man"?
10.What kind of village did you see in A.I.’s story? Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin"
yard"?
11.What philosophical and moral issues the author raises in
story?
12.Which plot episode is the climax in the story “Matryonin”
yard"?
13. What unites the characters of Andrei Sokolov (“The Fate of a Man”) and
Matryona Vasilievna(“Matryonin Dvor”)?
14.Which of the Russian writers was awarded Nobel Prize for his contribution to
world literature?

In the novel "Don't Shoot White Swans" the heroes, the most ordinary people, show an example of the eternal struggle against evil. The main character, a worthless Russian man, dies in a battle with enemies, but remains a real person until the end of his life. He is left with a son who has absorbed everything good qualities father, and I want to believe that he will become a worthy successor of the righteous struggle against the shortcomings that prevent him from building a happy future. Among the main characters of “Don’t Shoot White Swans” we can confidently include wildlife which played an important role in people's lives.

Characteristics of the characters “Don’t Shoot White Swans”

Main characters

Minor characters

Kharitina Makarovna	Polushkin's wife. All her life she has to suffer from her name, which she was called. good, kind woman, but does not share the views of her husband, suffers from his “inability to live like people,” from the ingenuity and inability of his stupid husband. At some time she even wants to leave him, and only later does she realize what great soul the man is her husband.
Kolka	Egor's son. A good, sympathetic boy, he was like his father in character. An easily vulnerable boy, he loves nature and various living creatures, fully supports his father, helps him in everything. A deeply developed sense of compassion. He wrote poems, which Polushkin hung in the forest instead of boring lifeless posters.
Fedor Ipatovich Buryanov	The forester has weight in the village, as he is involved in the distribution of timber. A man without conscience, greedy and selfish. Uses his official position for personal gain. He also uses his brother-in-law Yegor. Ready to do anything for profit. Participates in his murder, trying to evade responsibility, wants to bribe him.
Marya Buryanova	Buryanov's wife, Kharitina's sister. Two boots in a pair with her husband. She persuaded the Polushkins to move to the village, pursuing a selfish goal, so that Yegor would build them a “family-like” new home. She considers herself a progressive woman.
Vovka	The son of the Buryanovs, the complete opposite of Kolka. Just like his parents, just as greedy and envious, cunning and resourceful. Deceitful and boastful. Likes to act on the sly. Like his father, he strives to find profit in everything and abuses animals.
Nonna Yurievna	Village school teacher. A fair, intelligent and decent young woman. A connoisseur of beauty, she finds understanding with Polushkin. In love with Chuvalov. Having learned from his story that he is married, she leaves for Leningrad, feeling deceived.
Yuri Petrovich Chuvalov	New forester of the village. Decisive, honest and fair. He takes his work with great responsibility. He understands people well, appreciates Yegor for his excellent work and creative approach to business. Legitimizes the relationship with the young teacher.
Filya and Cherpak	Worthless people, swindlers. They go on sabbaths and drink together with Polushkin, but this does not prevent them from taking part in the murder of Yegor. Only after the death of a comrade does Phil’s conscience awaken, and repentance comes to him; he takes care of his grave.

This was a brief description of the characters in Boris Vasiliev’s novel “Don’t Shoot White Swans,” which makes it possible to better understand the inner essence of each of the characters.

Work test

Boris Lvovich Vasiliev

"Don't shoot white swans"

All residents of the village called Yegor Polushkin a poor bearer. Nobody remembered where the first two letters disappeared. Even Polushkin’s wife, Kharitina, called her husband “a nonhuman from overseas” and a “damn poor bearer.” Kharitina was originally from Zaoneezhye, and her grievances began with early childhood when a drunken priest gave her this impossible name. Sibling she called her Tina, and her good neighbors called her Kharey. Sister Maryitsa lured the Polushkins to this village, built at a woodworking factory. Once upon a time, endless forests roared around the village. Over the course of several decades, they were cut down. They realized it when there was only one grove left near the Black Lake. She was recognized as a “reserve” and a forester was assigned - Maryitsa’s husband and Polushkin’s cousin, Fyodor Ipatovich Buryanov. Buryanov became the richest and most respected person in the village.

The Buryanovs' house is a five-walled mansion, cut down by Polushkin's golden hands. When Yegor and his wife and children - son Nikolai and daughter Olga - moved to the village. Buryanov gave his old, unsightly hut to his cousin, from where he even removed the floors and logs from the cellar. In return, Yegor built Fyodor Ipatovich a good-quality five-wall building and skillfully carved a cockerel for the roof.

Polushkinna’s son, Kolka, a “clean-eyed little man,” took after his father. The boy was smart, patient, but very pure and trusting. He rarely cried, and not because of resentment or pain, but only because of pity and sympathy for others. And Kolka was most offended when his father was called a poor bearer. But Vovka, Buryanov’s son, was often and strongly offended, and roared only because of his own grievances.

On his native collective farm, Yegor Polushkin was in good standing, but things didn’t work out at his new place. All of Polushkin’s troubles stem from the fact that he couldn’t work without a soul. The first two months, when Yegor Fyodor Ipatovich was building a house from dawn to dusk, he worked joyfully, “as his heart commanded.” The cunning Buryanov knew that rushing a master would cost himself more. Then they took Polushkin into the carpentry construction team - and an endless black streak began. Egor, a skilled carpenter, did not know how to work a quick fix. He did everything slowly, as if “for himself,” and thwarted the construction team’s plan.

Having gone through all the construction crews of the village, Polushkin ended up as a general worker, but he didn’t stay here for long either. One day, on a warm May day, Polushkin was assigned to dig a trench for a sewer pipe. Egor worked joyfully. The trench turned out to be straight, like an arrow, until an anthill was encountered on its way. Polushkin took pity on the hardworking goosebumps, took a detour around the trench, only to realize that there are no crooked sewer pipes. This incident became known to the entire village, and finally strengthened Polushkin’s reputation as a poor bearer. Kolka began to come home from school covered in bruises.

Yegor's next place of work was a boat station. She stood by a small lake that appeared on the site of a dammed river. The station served tourists who flocked to this vibrant corner not only from the regional center, but also from Moscow itself. Yegor's golden hands came in handy here. The head of the boat station, an “elderly man, very tired of life,” Yakov Prokopych Sazanov, was pleased with Yegor’s work and diligence, and Polushkin himself liked the work.

Meanwhile, the new forester called Fyodor Ipatovich Buryanov and demanded from him all the acts for cutting down the forest. And what kind of acts when Buryanov’s new five-walled hut lights up the whole village.

Egor tried new job, as best I could. Only once did he anger his boss - instead of the black numbers required by the charter, he painted a cheerful, bright animal or flower on the bow of each boat. Seeing Yegorov’s “art,” Yakov Prokopych became angry and ordered this disgrace to be painted over. The real trouble, however, was not long in coming. The first group of tourists this year arrived at the boat station - “three men, and two little girls with them.” Sazanov allocated a valuable motor boat to Polushkina and ordered him to transport tourists across the river. Egor took Kolka with him to help. The tourists were transported, a place for the camp was chosen, but here’s the problem: there was a huge anthill nearby. Egor suggested moving the camp to another clearing, but one of the tourists said that the ants were not a hindrance to them, but “man is the king of nature,” doused the anthill with gasoline and set it on fire.

Afterwards, the tourists laid out a tablecloth, laid out food, and began to treat Yegor and Kolka. Even though the Polushkins accepted the treat, burning ants still stood before their eyes. Polushkin had never abused alcohol, but now he drank too much, began dancing and falling. The tourists were amused and egged on. Kolka felt ashamed of his father. He tried to stop Yegor, and Polushkin raised his hand against his son for the first time. Kolka ran away, and Yegor trudged to the shore. I started to start the engine in the boat, but it didn’t start, it just turned over. So, I turned it over and dragged it along the shore by the rope.

Fyodor Ipatovich was in concern and confusion: the new forester Yuri Petrovich Chuvalov demanded to pay for the logs that were used for the house. Buryanov had money, but did not have the strength to part with it.

Egor brought the boat to the station empty - no oars, no motor. He came to his senses only two days later and rushed to look, but in vain. Everything disappeared: the engine, the tank, the rowlocks, and the tourists. Kolka left home and lived with teacher Nonna Yuryevna for several days. For the lost property, Polushkin had to pay three hundred rubles - unprecedented money for him. Buryanov didn’t lend me any money, so I had to cut up the pig and take it to the city to sell. And Buryanov “stole money” from those tourists. Vovka was sent to search for Kolka. He wandered into the tourists’ place and found out not only about Yegor’s “demonstration performances,” but also that their fishing was not going well. So Buryanov took them for 30 rubles to Black Lake, to the protected area.

In the city, Polushkin was deceived, and he received only 200 rubles for the pig. And then at the procurement office they posted an advertisement: regional procurement officers buy soaked linden bast from the population and pay 50 kopecks per kilogram. While Polushkin was thinking and taking permission from Fyodor Ipatovich, Buryanov himself wasted no time. Arriving a few days later in the forest, Polushkin saw a completely stripped and destroyed linden grove.

Kharitina Polushkina went to the authorities all this time and managed to get a nursery for her daughter and a job for herself. She began working as a dishwasher in the dining room. After the failure, Yegor gave up on himself and started drinking. Friends appeared, Cherepok and Phil, and taught Polushkin how to play the coven, deceive people and take money out of the house.

It was at one of these gatherings that Polushkin met with Nonna Yuryevna. Kolka's teacher was from Leningrad. She ended up in this remote village after graduating from college. Nonna Yuryevna lived here like a gray mouse, but rumors about the young and unmarried teacher still spread - they were spread by the landlady with whom the teacher lived. Then Nonna Yuryevna showed persistence and knocked out a separate home for herself - a tumbledown hut with a leaky roof. To repair this roof, Nonna hired three shabashniks, Polushkin, a shard and Filya. Yegor did not deceive the teacher. And Kharitina gave the money that was not enough for repairs.

The new forester, Yuri Petrovich Chuvalov, like the teacher Nonna Yuryevna, was from Leningrad. His parents died a year after the victory, and little Yura was raised by a neighbor. Chuvalov found out about this only at the age of 16, but the woman who raised him remained a mother to Yuri Petrovich. Of course, Fyodor Ipatovich did not know all this when he went to the regional center to hand over to the forester a certificate of payment for the timber, which was used for the construction of the Buryanovskaya five-wall. But this information turned out to be not enough. Yuri Petrovich needed permission to cut down drill pine forest. In vain Fyodor Ipatovich fussed and wriggled out - Chuvalov was adamant, and kept the daddy with Buryanov’s certificates.

Chuvalov was not going to give this folder to anyone, he simply “could not deny himself the pleasure of leaving Fyodor Ipatovich alone with fear.” However, Yuri Petrovich still decided to visit this distant corner of his farm, fortunately there was a reason: to give a parcel from his mother to the local teacher.

The “fast streak” began again in Polushkin’s life. He helped Nonna Yuryevna from the bottom of his heart and did not bother her with “construction” problems. I decided everything myself. Kolka helped his father, although all his thoughts were about Olya Kuzina and the puppy. Kolka was in love with his classmate Olya, but Kuzina herself looked exclusively at his cousin Vovka. And Kolka traded the puppy from Vovka for a new compass, saving him when Buryanov Jr. decided to drown the animal. Now the puppy lived with the Buryanovs, and Vovka fed it every other day, but he didn’t give it to Kolka, he demanded the “real price.”

In the midst of this hectic activity, a new forester appeared at Nonna Yuryevna’s house. Having learned that Chuvalov was going to Black Lake, Nonna Yuryevna advised taking Yegor as a guide. Yuri Petrovich took not only Yegor and Kolka to Black Lake, but also Nonna Yuryevna herself. The forester gave Kolka a special instruction: to write down in a notebook all the living creatures he encountered along the way. Along the way, Nonna Yuryevna, a city resident, managed to get lost, but everyone reached the Black Lake safe and sound. Yuri Petrovich said that this lake used to be called Lebyazhy.

An old tourist camp was discovered near the lake and Chuvalov ordered to cut out a new pillar marking the protected area. Only Yegor was not working on the pillar when everyone left. One morning he saw Nonna bathing in the lake, and cut out the figure of a naked woman from a crooked trunk. He cut it out and got scared: the forester would scold him for his unauthorized artwork. However, Chuvalov did not swear - the figure turned out to be a real work of art.

Fyodor Ipatovich, meanwhile, learned that Yegor had taken the forester to Black Lake, and harbored a grudge - he decided that Polushkin was aiming for his place. Buryanov frowned for two days, “turning over his cast-iron thoughts,” and then smiled evilly. Well, Yegor was happy. No one had ever spoken to him so respectfully, called him Yegor Savelich or taken his art seriously. Kolka was also lucky: Chuvalov gave him a real spinning rod.

After this trip, Chuvalov realized that no one would look after the protected area better than Polushkin. So Yegor became a forester instead of Buryanov. Polushkin got down to business zealously. He cleaned the forest, and instead of “prohibiting” signs, he hung billboards with poems “about order” from Kolka’s essay throughout the reserve. Egor drove Filya and Skull, who were illegally cutting down the forest, out of the forest.

Meanwhile, Nonna Yuryevna went to the regional center and agreed to buy a globe, maps and sports equipment for the school. Arriving in the city, she called Yuri Petrovich, who invited her to dinner. Nonna discovered “that until now two completely opposite creatures had coexisted peacefully in her” - an adult, self-confident woman, and a cowardly girl. It was the woman who spent the night with Chuvalov, and after that Yuri Petrovich admitted that he was married. Chuvalov's marriage was strange. When he was working in the Altai forestry, a young trainee, Marina, came to him from Moscow. After spending the night with her, Yuri immediately got married, and three days later the young wife left for Moscow. Two months later, Marina reported that she had “lost” her passport with a marriage stamp and received a new, clean one. Chuvalov did not lose his passport, but tried to forget about this story. A few years later, Yuri found out that Marina had given birth, but she did not say whether it was his child. He didn’t have time to explain anything to Nonna—having heard about the marriage, she got dressed and left. Arriving in the village a few days later, Chuvalov learned that Nonna had left for Leningrad.

Chuvalov came to the village for a reason - he brought the boss, who really liked Kolka’s works. It was then that Chuvalov told Polushkin “the story of his family life" A week later, a call came from Moscow - Yegor Polushkin was invited to the All-Union Conference of Forestry Workers. For Buryanov, things were not going well at all - the criminal investigation department became interested in him.

Yegor traveled to Moscow through the regional center, but did not find Yuri Petrovich there - he left for Leningrad. In the capital, Polushkin “participated in debates” and visited the zoo. He arrived in Moscow with the money of almost all the residents of the village and a list of “orders,” but, once at the zoo, he forgot about the list and bought two pairs of live swans. Polushkin wanted the lake to become Lebyazhy again. Polushkin also found Marina, the wife of Yuri Petrovich, and found out that she had a different family for a long time.

Polushkin arranged the swans in a house near the Black Lake, and placed two more birds made of light wood on the sides of the house. Yuri Petrovich returned from Leningrad alone. Nonna refused to return, and Polushkin was already thinking: shouldn’t he go to Leningrad?

That night when Polushkin heard a strange noise in his forest “was a wonderfully robber night.” The day before, at the village store, Kolka met the same tourist who set the anthill on fire, with a string bag full of vodka. That’s why Yegor drove his horse through the night, autumn and wet forest, even Kharitina couldn’t hold back. Explosions came from Black Lake - they were killing fish there. Running out into the light, towards the fire, Yegor saw a pot over the fire, from which swan paws were peeking out. The remaining swans, already plucked, lay near the fire, and the fifth swan, a wooden one, was burned in the fire. These poachers brought Phil and Skull to the lake, they beat him, and someone else baited the dog. They found Yegor by the evening of the next day. He crawled towards the house, and behind him from the lake itself there was a trail of blood.

At the hospital, Polushkin was interrogated by an investigator, but Yegor did not give up those whom he recognized. And he recognized not only his former friends, but also Fyodor Ipatovich. Buryanov came to the hospital to ask for forgiveness and brought a bottle of expensive cognac. Yegor forgave, but did not want cognac, and Fyodor Ipatovich found the expensive French drink bitter. Polushkin closed his eyes and “stepped over the pain, sadness and melancholy,” and then rode on his horse “to where the endless battle is going on and where the black creature, wriggling, is still spewing out evil.” And Kolka gave Vovka a spinning rod for a puppy.

From the author

Every time the author finds himself in the forest, he remembers Yegor and those who knew him. “The shard came under the decree,” but Filya still drinks and goes wild. Every spring he paints the tin obelisk on Polushkin’s grave. Fyodor Ipatovich's house was taken away from him, and he left with his entire family. There is another forester on Black Lake, so Kolka doesn’t like to go there. Yuri Petrovis Chuvalov received an apartment and married the pregnant Nonna Yuryevna. Almost the entire largest room of the Chuvalovs’ apartment is occupied by a figure of a woman carved by Yegor. But Black Lake never became the Swan Lake, “it must be now until Kolka.”

The main character of the story is a resident of a village near a wood processing factory - Yegor Polushkin. A middle-aged man with the golden hands of a carpenter, but very unlucky in life. Egor, along with his wife Kharitona, son Kolka and daughter Olga, moved to the village recently, but they have already come up with a nickname for him - Poor Bearer. Polushkin lived modestly, in the old hut of his cousin Fyodor Ipatovich Buryanov.

In exchange for housing, his brother demanded that Yegor build him a new wooden hut. The poor bearer worked diligently and with all his heart for the first months, but upon learning that Fyodor had cut down the forest for construction in the reserve without permission, he gave up. But the house still turned out just like in the picture, and Yegor was invited to work in the construction team, but Polushkin did not stay in the new place due to complaints from his superiors. And they complained about him for working very slowly and missing deadlines for delivering projects. After this, Yegor tried to earn money by digging trenches, but one day an incident occurred, after which they did not trust him with this task either. And the case was like this: Yegor was digging a trench for a sewer pipe, but an anthill came across the way, and the man, taking pity on the insects, dug a ditch around it. The whole village began to laugh at the Poor Bearer, and the son began to often come home with bruises. At this time, a new forester, Yuri Petrovich Chuvalov, appears in the reserve and demands payment from Buryanov for the cut down forest.

After some time, Polushkin was able to get a job at a boat station. The station received tourists and organized excursions around the reserve. Yegor liked the work, and the boss, Yakov Prokopych Sazanov, was good person. But one day, tourists arrived from Moscow, and Yakov Prokopych asked Yegor to show them a clearing on the opposite bank. Upon arrival at the place, one of the tourists set fire to an anthill that was in their way. Yegor could not stand this spectacle and got very drunk in front of his son. Polushkin didn’t remember how he got home, but on the way he lost the engine and oars from the boat. The Poor Bearer had to pay as much as three hundred rubles for the lost property. Kolka was very offended by his father, and lived with his teacher Nonna Yuryevna for several days.

Polushkin started drinking. To earn a living, I went to sabbaths. One of these part-time jobs was the renovation of Nonna Yuryevna’s house. He did the work conscientiously, tried as if for himself. One day, a forester came into the teacher’s house and invited her, Kolka and Yegor to Black Lake. On the lake, Chuvalov told a story that swans once lived here.

After this trip, Yuri Petrovich realized that no one would look after the reserve better than Polushkin. So Yegor became a forester instead of Buryanov. The man liked the work, and for his special merits he was even invited to Moscow to a congress of foresters. On the way home, Yegor bought a couple of swans and decided to revive Black Lake.

One night Polushkin heard the sounds of gunfire from the direction of the lake. Arriving at the place, he saw a terrible picture: Moscow tourists were roasting his swans. For trying to intercede, the forester was severely beaten and soon died in the hospital. The romance of Chuvalov and Nonna Yuryevna ended with a wedding. Polushkin's son, Kolka, never returned to the lake.

This work is addressed to schoolchildren who are facing state final certification in the 11th grade in the Unified State Exam format.

The proposed material will help graduates in writing part C, namely: in the selection of arguments. In addition, the student will see that the problems raised by the authors of the texts may be different, and to express his opinion on them an argument taken from the same work can serve (B. Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot White Swans”, novel I .S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, poem by A.S. Pushkin “The forest drops its crimson attire...”).

In addition, such works as: the novel by M. Sholokhov “Virgin Soil Upturned”, the novel by N.G. Chernyshevsky “What to do?”, epic novel “War and Peace” by L.N. Tolstoy.

1. Problem careful attitude to nature: Argument from fiction(Boris Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot White Swans”): Boris Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot White Swans” depicts different people: thrifty owners of nature and those who treat it consumptively, committing terrible acts: burning an anthill, exterminating swans. This is the “gratitude” of tourists for their vacation and enjoyment of beauty. Fortunately, there are people like Yegor Polushkin, who strove to preserve and preserve the natural world and taught his son Kolka this. An argument from life: In life, unfortunately, there are the same heroes as in the story by B. Vasilyev. They cut down trees so as not to interfere with the construction of garages; they trample lawns to shorten the path; They do not keep city parks and surrounding forests clean, and thereby destroy nature and expose their “moral geology” by their actions. And only people like Yegor, every spring and autumn, increase green spaces, transform parks, and preserve forests.

2. The problem of happiness, the meaning of life: An argument from fiction (Boris Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot the White Swans”): The problem of happiness and the meaning of life is revealed through the example of the image of the hero Yegor Polushkin in Boris Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot the White Swans.” Egor’s happiness and meaning in life is to protect nature for people. He said: “I want everyone to be kind, that’s it.” With what love he watched a pair of white swans on the Black Lake, which he bought in the regional city! He wanted “the lake to be called Swan back,” as it once was. He “acted not for reasons of reason, but as his conscience told him.” His conscience told him to live for people and protect nature for people too. An argument from life: It’s wonderful that the Yegor Polushkins live in our ordinary life: maintain nurseries for stray animals, according to own initiative They are improving playgrounds and cultivating flower beds near houses. They do it not for themselves, but for others, and this makes them feel happy!

3. The problem of lack of spirituality, indifference, cruelty: Argument from fiction (Boris Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot the White Swans”): Boris Vasiliev tells us about the lack of spirituality, indifference and cruelty of people in the story “Don’t Shoot the White Swans.” Tourists burned a huge anthill so as not to feel inconvenience from it, “they watched the giant structure, the patient work of millions of tiny creatures, melt before their eyes.” They looked at the fireworks with admiration and exclaimed: “Victory salute! Man-king nature." An argument from life: In life, unfortunately, more than once we have to deal with lack of spirituality, indifference, and cruelty both towards nature and towards people. All this leads to dire consequences: nature is dying, the number of orphanages is growing, the percentage of crime in the country is increasing. Scary…

4. The problem of the place and role of beauty in a person’s life: An argument from fiction (the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”): This problem discussed in the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov is a connoisseur of nature, art and literature. He listened with interest to the “ebullient speeches” of Yevgeny Bazarov, but could not understand how one could “reject poetry, not sympathize with art, nature?..” It is impossible to deny what makes our life more beautiful. An argument from life: Among my generation there are those who replaced books with a computer, do not know, for example, the name of the artist who painted the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived”, have a consumerist attitude towards nature... Their life, in my opinion, is uninteresting, poor, and they themselves, probably never experience spirituality.

5. The problem of education and upbringing in the development of personality: Argument from fiction (I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”): I.S. Turgenev did not avoid the problem of education and upbringing in the development of personality in the novel “Fathers and Sons” and solved it using the example of the life of N.P. Kirsanov , father of Arkady Kirsanov. Thoughtful, striving to fulfill his fatherly duty, he took Arkasha to St. Petersburg, to the University, and stayed with his son. He tried to get closer to Arkady's classmates, read the same books, was interested in the hobbies of young people, and followed modern life. Why? Yes, because he was worried not only material well-being son, but also spiritual development as a result of education and upbringing during growing up. An argument from life: Education is unthinkable without upbringing, otherwise it will be difficult to form your own life position, become a harmonious person. Literature lessons gave us moral lessons life, biology helped to gain health, history did not allow us to lose the connection of times... Education and upbringing are inseparable. There is a result: I have grown spiritually.

6. The problem of fidelity to the oath: Argument from fiction (A.S. Pushkin “The forest is dropping its crimson attire...”) An example of true friendship is the Lyceum Union of A.S. Pushkin’s comrades, about which the poet wrote in the poem “The forest is dropping its crimson attire...”: My friends! Our union is wonderful! He, like the soul, is indivisible and eternal. Lyceum students upon completion educational institution swore an oath to each other to gather at the Lyceum festival in 1825, but, unfortunately, only Alexander Gorchakov, who at that time became a diplomat and reached the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, had this opportunity. Pushkin’s lyceum friends did not break the oath, they remembered it, but could not be at the meeting due to political reasons, for example, I. Pushchin as a participant in the uprising Senate Square was exiled to Siberia, Pushkin himself, as a disgraced poet, was in exile in Mikhailovskoye. An argument from life: I also have school friends. We are united by common interests: music, literature, sports. There is a common dream - to become certified specialists. We didn’t take an oath, but I’m sure it’s in our souls. This is a pledge of allegiance to school friendships. We must remember it and come to each other’s aid, no matter what.

7. Friendship Problem: Argument from fiction (A.S. Pushkin “The forest is dropping its crimson attire...”) An example of true friendship is the Lyceum Union of A.S. Pushkin’s comrades, about which the poet wrote in the poem “The forest is dropping its crimson attire...”: My friends! Our union is wonderful! He, like the soul, is indivisible and eternal. These lines sound like a hymn to the sacred feeling of friendship. An argument from life: I also have school friends. We are united by common interests: music, literature, sports. There is a common dream - to become certified specialists. We will try to maintain our school friendship, remember it and come to each other’s aid, no matter what.

8. The problem of maintaining honor and being true to your word: An argument from fiction (L.N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace”): A man of honor and word is Nikolai Bolkonsky, the hero of L.N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” He raised Andrei Bolkonsky in this spirit. Seeing his son off to war, his father strictly forbade him to serve out of mercy, because it was painful and shameful. Andrei did not promise anything, he was raised in the family of Nikolai Bolkonsky, where moral laws were observed, therefore he served the Fatherland faithfully, with dignity and honesty. An argument from life: The Bolkonskys live among us, you look up to them. We must be their successors in terms of morality: live honestly, remember honor, be true to our word. All this must have deep content and meaning. For example, I must successfully graduate from school, and, first of all, systematize my knowledge of subjects and pass state exams with dignity in order to confidently hold a matriculation certificate in my hands.

9. The problem of forgetting parents as a mortal sin: An argument from fiction (A. Sholokhov’s novel “Virgin Soil Upturned”): The problem of forgetting parents as a mortal sin is considered in A. Sholokhov’s novel “Virgin Soil Upturned” using the example of the image of Yakov Lukich Ostrovny, who starved his own mother to death and kept her locked up for the sake of his salvation , to avoid reference. He waited for her death and waited: “The old woman was lying on the floor near the threshold, and the accidentally forgotten... mitten was chewed by her toothless gums...” Late he felt the severity of the loss he had suffered... Argument from life: The same problem sometimes sounds in modern life. Parents are forgotten: no calls, no letters, no financial assistance. They try to justify their children due to everyday worries and live in anticipation of a meeting... And adult children remember their father and mother too late and begin to atone for their sins in church... What is it, pain or fear?..

10. The problem of forming a person’s character: Argument from fiction (N.G. Chernyshevsky’s novel “What is to be done?”): The problem of forming a person’s character is considered by N.G. Chernyshevsky in his novel “What is to be done?” using the example of the image of Rakhmetov, a man of a “special breed”. He prepared himself to be a professional revolutionary and for this, first of all, he developed physical strength: he did gymnastics, “took a boxing diet,” “he was a plowman, a carpenter, he even walked the entire Volga as a barge hauler,” he believed that “this is useful, it might come in handy.” " Nikitushka Lomov (as his “comrades in the strap” dubbed him) not only developed physically, but also strengthened his character. According to Chernyshevsky, Rakhmetov is a special person. An argument from life: Upon graduation, a graduate will receive a certificate of maturity, but the process of becoming a person and character formation will not end there. The main thing is ahead: do not stray from the right path, overcome difficulties and realize your potential. This will require strength, moral and physical. Life will more than once test his character for strength, which, according to R. Emerson, “is a completely educated will.”