Education as a social institution does not play last role in the process of human socialization. It is responsible for the timely and adequate preparation of the individual for full functioning in society. Understanding the essence and specifics of the education system is not easy. The state regulates a unified educational space, but in addition to this, there are many practices that complement the process. One of these phenomena is social partnership in education. Let’s try to understand what it is, what its methods are and what its system is with the help of examples.
Partnership as an element of social interaction
“You - to me, I - to you” - this is how one can characterize the meaning of the word “partnership”. Initially, this concept was used only in social and economic sciences. They characterized the process of coordination of actions by the participants. In a broader sense, “social partnership” should be considered as a system of solvation (interactions), as a result of which subjects satisfy their needs.
Over the past few years, social partnership has begun to be interpreted as a multi-layered process, where the functioning of elements is clearly regulated and aimed at achieving positive changes. That is, it can be understood as a unique type of relationship between subjects that are united by common interests and jointly solve problems that arise. The main task of the partnership is to overcome possible differences in the actions of the participants, coordinate work and level out conflicts.
Educational process
Based on the foregoing, social partnership in the field of education can be defined as the common actions of subjects related to the educational process. It is typical for such actions to have the same goals and bear mutual responsibility for the results obtained.
The system of social partnership in education is considered at three levels:
- Relationships social groups professionals within the system.
- Partnership of education system workers with representatives of other organizations and social institutions.
- The relationship between the educational institution itself and the public.
The development of social partnership in education dates back to the 80-90s of the last century. At this time, educational institutions become autonomous, and the demand for highly qualified personnel increases in the labor market. The Institute of Education begins to play a key role in the development of the state. An important element in social partnership in the educational sphere is the relationship between educational institutions, trade unions, employers and government agencies. Their main goal is to: identify the needs of the labor market to increase human resources potential; to form an educated personality with an active life position; increase the economic and spiritual potential of society as a whole.
Translated into human language, this means that dynamic changes are taking place in the country. Partnership schemes similar to the USA are beginning to be introduced, and against the backdrop of this evolutionary chaos, the need for “other people” arises. That is, society needs personnel who are already trained in new standards. And here the institute of education comes to the fore, because who, if not him, is responsible for teaching the younger generation new methods. This, in fact, is the the main point the concept of “social partnership in the field of education”.
But over time, leading figures in the country begin to understand that in general it is not very logical to consider the interaction of educational institutions, economics and politics. Many are overlooked important points, which are at the lower levels of the institutional gradation. Therefore, social partnership in education begins to “grow with new shoots,” each of which is responsible for its own area.
Municipal entity
Now partnership can be considered in the development environment of various educational institutions. The first place to start is the municipality. It means a general educational process that is carried out in a certain territory and solves problems unique to it. To make it a little clearer, we can give a small example. Let's say there is a small educational process in institutions carried out in accordance with current legislation, but in addition to this, special elements are included that are unique to this area. As part of education, thematic fairs can be held, days of remembrance of famous personalities who previously lived in this territory, or craft circles can be created, which are popular in a particular region.
Municipalities are divided into 5 types:
- Rural settlements. This includes villages (towns, hamlets, etc.) that are located in a certain territory.
- Urban settlements. Can be classified as cities or urban-type settlements.
- Municipal areas. These include several cities or villages where local government resolves general issues.
- Urban districts. That is, cities that are not included in the municipal districts directive.
- Autonomous urban areas. Parts of the city with their own organizational structure. For example, the Indian quarter in Singapore: on the one hand, part of the city, on the other, a separate element of it.
Social partnership in a municipality is carried out between the bodies that manage educational processes locally and the authorities of the country. The main specificity of such interactions is financing. For example, the state has long established that the municipal education system is responsible for providing benefits. Educational subsidies are also provided, which the local government system divides among all educational institutions depending on their needs and status. The state can also provide information about the need in the labor market for specialists who are trained at an institution located in the territory of the municipal district. The authorities take this into account and can increase funding for the institution, the number of budget places, etc.
Teacher education
For those who do not know what teacher education is: it is the process of preparing highly qualified specialists to work in educational institutions. That is, the training of educators, teachers and professors.
Social partnership in teacher education directly depends on public expectations. IN lately Requirements for the quality of school education have increased significantly, because of this there has been a need to change the methods and technologies of teacher training. The development of teacher education depends on the following factors:
- Policy innovations in education.
- Availability of a concept that allows the involvement of state and municipal authorities to support research.
- Creating a Service public control, which, focusing on state requests, could direct the teacher education system in the right direction.
If the “municipal partnership” was focused mainly on financial side question, then teacher education is based on public demands to improve the quality of education in accordance with modern standards.
For example, several years ago there was a need for extracurricular educational institutions. Initially, this was wanted by the parents, who decided that the child should develop more fully. Demand for such institutions is gradually beginning to arise, and the state is already getting involved, requesting teachers who would be specially trained to provide this type of service.
In general, the essence is clear: since every person attends educational institutions, the task of teachers is to form a personality that is in demand in society. And if any changes occur, then the training of teachers also changes, because only they can painlessly introduce innovative programs into society.
Vocational education
Now society demands that specialized educational institutions graduate specialists who are ready to immediately begin work. Also, the economic institute requests a certain number of specialists in a particular field. Social partnership in vocational education consists of providing the labor market with in-demand personnel in the required quantity.
Everything here is extremely simple: the market is a cyclical system in which something is constantly changing. One year there are not enough economists, another year it is impossible to find a lawyer. And, having heard that there is a shortage of representatives of certain professions in the labor market, applicants en masse begin to apply for this particular specialty. As a result, supply begins to exceed demand and the unemployment rate rises. To prevent this from happening, there is social partnership in education, which allows for the most efficient use of human resources.
Preschool education
Modern things cannot fully develop without interaction with society, so partnership is especially relevant here. Social partnership in preschool education consists of creating connections between a preschool institution and cultural, educational and other development centers. This practice causes a higher level of perception in the child, he develops faster and learns to build his partnerships, according to the “you - to me, I - to you” type.
Working in a social partnership helps expand the child’s cultural and educational environment, and accordingly, it will be easier for him to adapt in the future. In this segment of interaction, the focus comes to the fore. He is shown what is interesting and educational, and taught what is necessary. They also work with families who are also participants in the social partnership.
Additional education
Social partnership in education plays a significant role even in an environment that provides additional knowledge. These could be language schools, courses, seminars or master classes. That is, the type of educational activity that implies the comprehensive development of a person is additional education. Social partnership in this environment is about providing all kinds of knowledge and opportunities. To describe it in theses, the partnership does the following:
- Retains the basic ideas of organizing work in the field of additional education.
- Maintains relationships with government agencies, the business environment, society and parents.
- Takes an active part in its development. Responsible for the socially oriented segment of additional education, which includes talent search programs, supporting children from disadvantaged families, or providing additional education services to children with disabilities.
- Distribution of budget funds in accordance with the requests of organizations.
Additional education can be divided into three main groups: cultural, humanitarian and technical. Each of these groups provides general knowledge bases as well as current innovative ideas. Since knowledge is now the most valuable currency, in the environment of additional education they are trying to provide the necessary basis on which comprehensive individual development will subsequently be formed.
How is the partnership organized?
The organization of social partnership in education is based on the following:
- Legislative acts. Laws created by the state are the main source of formation and development of social partnership. They regulate the field of action and the limits of the participants’ capabilities.
- Local management. Each municipal district has its own rules and laws, some of which relate to social cooperation. If we take, for example, the municipal education system. Let's say this organization received a certain amount for the development of the educational system in its area. She could divide everyone equally, but that doesn’t happen.
- Society and economics. The education system is closely linked to public demands and economic changes. And if something new comes into people’s lives that does not relate to education either directly or indirectly, then syllabus is still changing so that in the future pupils and students meet market expectations.
Is social partnership necessary in education?
Today, unfortunately, it is impossible to compare the concepts of “social partnership” / “quality of education”. Although they have made some progress, there are still many unresolved issues.
Initially, social partnership was introduced along the lines of America and Europe, but the peculiarities of our state, its culture and mentality were not taken into account. In this regard, many important points were missed. However, despite all this, the partnership is bringing positive changes to the development of education even today.
Social partnership in education (priorities and opportunities):
- The main priority goal of interaction is to satisfy the common interests of all participants in the commonwealth. Not only are they taken into account social institutions and the processes that occur in them, but the subjects of interaction (teachers, students, parents).
- The social partnership program helps make learning more effective. Participants in the educational process become in demand in the social environment.
- The correct approach and regulation of partnerships give impetus to the full development of society, eliminating unemployment and filling it with in-demand specialists.
Bottom line
There are many examples of social partnership in education. This includes a system of rewarding students for good grades (scholarship), and an agreement between an educational institution and an employer who is ready to hire a former student, and even a dialogue between a parent and a teacher. But the main component of this process is high-quality knowledge, the bearer of which is so in demand and expected by society.
Social partnership and its role in regulating social and labor relations
Social partnership- system of relationships between employees (representatives of employees), employers (representatives of employers), authorities state power, local government bodies, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of workers and employers on issues of regulation of labor relations and other relations directly related to them.
Social partnership includes both bilateral relations between representatives of workers and the employer (employers, representatives of employers - bipartisanship), and tripartite interaction (tripartism) with the participation of state authorities and local governments. It should be borne in mind that only executive authorities or local self-government directly participate in the social partnership system. They send their representatives to create permanent commissions, participate in concluding agreements at the appropriate levels, etc. (Article 35 of the Labor Code).
TO basic principles of social partnership include:
1) equality of the parties: manifested both in the initiative of negotiations, their conduct and signing of collective agreements and agreements, and in monitoring their implementation;
2) compliance with labor law standards: all parties and their representatives must comply not only with the Labor Code of the Republic of Belarus, but also with other standards labor legislation;
3) the authority to accept obligations is determined by the presence of written documents confirming the authority of the parties to conduct collective negotiations and sign collective agreements;
4) voluntary acceptance of obligations: each party assumes obligations under a collective agreement or social partnership agreement by consensus, yielding to each other, but voluntarily, i.e. one party may not accept the obligation proposed by the other party;
5) taking into account the real possibilities of accepting real obligations: a party must assume obligations under a contract or agreement that are not declarative, but which it is actually capable of fulfilling;
6) the obligation to fulfill agreements and responsibility for accepted obligations;
7) refusal of unilateral actions that violate agreements;
8) mutual informing of the parties to negotiations about changes in the situation.
Social partnership system
The social partnership system includes the following levels:
1) federal level, establishing the basis for regulating relations in the sphere of labor in Russian Federation. At the federal level the following may be concluded: general and sectoral agreements;
2) regional level, which establishes the basis for regulating relations in the sphere of labor in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. At the regional level (subject of the Russian Federation), regional and sectoral agreements are concluded;
3) industry level, which establishes the basis for regulating labor relations in the industry (sectors);
4) territorial level, which establishes the basis for regulating relations in the sphere of labor in a municipality. At the territorial level (municipal entity) a territorial agreement is concluded;
5) the level of organization, which establishes specific mutual obligations in the field of labor between employees and the employer.
It should be noted that the economic and legal status of the social partners is different.
Social partnership is carried out in in the following forms:
1) collective bargaining
on the preparation of draft collective agreements, agreements and their conclusion. Collective negotiations and the conclusion of collective contracts and agreements are the main form of social partnership. This is the exercise by employees (represented by their representatives) and employers of the right to collective bargaining regulation;
2) mutual consultations
(negotiations) on the regulation of labor relations and other relations directly related to them, ensuring guarantees of the labor rights of workers and improving labor legislation. Mutual consultations are carried out, as a rule, at the federal, regional, territorial, and sectoral levels in the relevant commissions (Article 35 of the Labor Code).
Consultations at the organization level are carried out as part of the participation of employees in the management of the organization (Article 53 of the Labor Code);
3) participation of employees and their representatives in the management of the organization (Article 53 of the Labor Code);
4) participation of representatives of workers and employers in the pre-trial resolution of labor disputes. Cooperation between workers and the employer (employers) is carried out in resolving both individual and collective labor disputes. When resolving individual labor disputes on a parity basis, a commission is created for labor disputes, which considers most individual labor disputes (Articles 384-389 of the Labor Code). When resolving collective labor disputes, an out-of-court conciliation procedure is used: by agreement of the parties, a commission is created from their representatives, the parties participate in the selection of a mediator, in the creation of labor arbitration, etc.
are the initial stage of the procedure for developing and concluding and amending collective agreements and agreements.
At the negotiations, the following issues are considered: 1) establishing and changing the socio-economic conditions of work and living conditions of workers; 2) conclusion, amendment, execution or termination of collective contracts and agreements.
The parties to collective bargaining are representative bodies of workers and employers. Persons other than representatives of the parties may also participate in collective negotiations: specialists, experts who advise. But they do not take part in voting.
The procedure for conducting collective bargaining:
Each party has the right to send a written request to the other party to conduct collective negotiations to conclude, amend or supplement a collective agreement, agreement; the other party is obliged to begin negotiations within seven days. By agreement of the parties, collective negotiations may begin at another date. To conduct negotiations, the parties create a commission on an equal basis (from an odd number) of authorized representatives. Representatives must have a document confirming their authority. Employers are required to provide information necessary for collective bargaining.
Representatives of the parties to collective bargaining who disclose information that is a state or commercial secret are liable.
The composition of the commission, the timing and place of collective negotiations are determined by the parties. The parties do not have the right to terminate collective bargaining unilaterally.
The moment of the end of collective negotiations is the moment of signing a collective agreement, agreement, protocol of disagreements. The signing of a protocol of disagreements is the beginning of a collective labor dispute.
Collective agreement– a local regulatory act regulating labor and socio-economic relations between the employer and his employees. This is always a two-way act. A collective agreement can be concluded both in the organization as a whole and in its separate divisions.
The parties to the collective agreement are the employees of the organization represented by their representative body and the employer or his authorized representative.
As a rule, the trade union committee acts as a representative body of workers. If the interests of workers are represented by several trade unions, a party to the collective agreement may be: 1) each of them on behalf of the workers united in it; 2) a trade union that unites the majority of employees of a given employer or has the largest number of members, to which this right is voluntarily granted by other trade unions; 3) a joint body voluntarily created by these trade unions. If more than 50% of employees in an organization are not members of trade unions, they can create their own body as a party to a collective agreement.
The second party to the collective agreement is the employer or his authorized representative. Representatives on the employer's side can be officials who have the information necessary for collective bargaining, relevant qualifications and experience (for example, heads of structural divisions, legal adviser, chief accountant, etc.). At the discretion of the employer, its representatives can also be persons who do not work in this organization, but who have some experience in collective bargaining (for example, experts from an employers’ association).
A collective agreement is concluded in writing in organizations of any organizational and legal form, their separate divisions (on issues within the competence of these divisions). Draft collective agreements are discussed at general meeting organization team. Subscribes collective agreement on each page by authorized representatives of the parties. Signed collective agreement registered in the local executive or administrative body at the location (registration) of the employer. To do this, the employer submits to the relevant authority: 1) an application requesting registration; 2) a collective agreement signed on each page; 3) copies of documents confirming the authority of the parties to sign a collective agreement. Registration is carried out within two weeks from the date of submission of the application with the corresponding entry in a special journal, and a registration stamp is placed on the first page of the submitted collective agreement.
A collective agreement is concluded for a period determined by the parties, but not less than one year and not more than three years. Comes into force from the moment of signing, or from the date determined by the parties, and is valid, as a rule, until a new agreement is concluded. When an organization is reorganized, the collective agreement remains in force for the period for which it was concluded, unless the parties decide otherwise. When the owner of the organization's property changes, it is valid for three months.
Agreement is a normative act containing the obligations of the parties to regulate relations in the social and labor sphere at the level of a certain profession, industry, territory.
Depending on the scope of regulated social and labor relations, the following types of agreements can be concluded: general, tariff and local.
General The (republican) agreement establishes general principles for regulating social and labor relations at the republican level.
Tariff(industry) agreement establishes payment standards and other working conditions, as well as social guarantees and benefits for industry workers.
Local the agreement establishes working conditions, as well as social guarantees and benefits related to the territorial characteristics of the city, district, or other administrative-territorial entity.
Agreements, by agreement of the parties participating in the negotiations, can be bilateral or trilateral.
Agreements providing for full or partial budget financing are concluded with the mandatory participation of representatives of the relevant executive authorities.
The procedure, terms for the development and conclusion of agreements are determined by a commission formed by the parties on an equal basis from representatives vested with the necessary powers.
Agreements are concluded in in writing, for a period for no less than one year and no more than three years. The agreement is signed on each page by authorized representatives.
Signed general, tariff (industry) and local agreements are subject to mandatory registration.
Related information.
a concept most often used to denote labor relations characterized by common positions and coordinated actions of employees, employers and the state.
Great definition
Social partnership
civilized form public relations existing between public authorities and various groups (organizations) of people to solve social problems by concluding agreements on a voluntary basis in order to reconcile opposing interests.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
Social partnership
a system of relationships between employees (representatives of employees), employers (representatives of employers), state authorities, local governments, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of employees and employers on the regulation of labor relations and other relations directly related to them.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP
system of measures to ensure cooperation employees, usually represented by trade unions, with employers, united, as a rule, in associations of entrepreneurs, mainly in the form of collective bargaining at the level of individual enterprises (organizations) and sectors of the economy, concluding collective agreements and agreements. A specific form of social partnership is tripartism (composed of three parts), in which permanent partners representing workers and employers are joined by representatives of state authorities and local governments in order to regulate social and labor relations.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
Social partnership
a system of relationships between employees (employee representatives), employers (employers' representatives), state authorities, local governments, aimed at ensuring coordination of the interests of employees and employers on the regulation of labor relations and other relations directly related to them. State authorities and local governments are parties to social partnership in cases where they act as employers or their representatives authorized by law or employers, as well as in other cases provided for by federal laws.
The Labor Code of the Russian Federation defines the basic principles of S.p. as follows: equality of the parties; respect and consideration of the interests of the parties; interest of the parties in participating in contractual relations; state assistance in strengthening and developing social partnership in democratic basis; compliance by the parties and their representatives with laws and other regulations; authority of representatives of the parties; freedom of choice when discussing issues related to the world of work; voluntariness of the parties' assumption of obligations; the reality of the obligations assumed by the parties; mandatory implementation of collective agreements and agreements; control over the implementation of adopted collective agreements and agreements; responsibility of the parties and their representatives for failure to comply with collective agreements through their fault. Parties S.p. are employees and employers represented by duly authorized representatives. S.p. is one of the main mechanisms for implementing the principles, goals and objectives of the social state.
Great definition
Incomplete definition ↓
SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP
This is a special system of relations that arise between employees and employers with the mediating role of the state in coordinating economic interests in the social and labor sphere and resolving social and labor conflicts. The system of social partnership is called “tripartism”, since three parties participate in the regulation of social and labor relations: organizations representing the interests of employees; employers' associations; and the state. As a mechanism for regulating social and labor relations, the social partnership system developed after the Second World War, finally becoming established only in the 60s and 70s. twentieth century, and even then not in all countries. Becoming new system The regulation of social and labor relations in industrialized countries was also greatly facilitated by the development of civil society institutions in the post-war period, the formation and development of democratic procedures, etc. The regulation of social and labor relations is the result of long-term economic and socio-political development: it became possible thanks to the whole a number of objective and subjective conditions. Among them: increased concentration and centralization of capital and, as a consequence, a change in the forms of labor organization and the nature of the relationship between employees and employers in the production process; growing cohesion of the labor and trade union movement; active social policy of the state; development of democratic procedures for managing society. Social partnership is the most attractive form of regulation of social and labor relations, a method that ensures the peaceful evolution of capitalist society to a state where class conflict turns into a conflict between organizations - trade unions and employers' associations. The conclusion of collective agreements and agreements is an important element of social partnership. But social partnership is not limited to this. Social partnership is a more complex concept, it is a certain ideology that reveals the type and nature of the relationship between two classes in society - the class of owners and the class of workers who do not have this property; a special understanding of the nature of interaction between classes in a market-capitalist economy, which was formed within the framework of a social democratic society; a method of civilized resolution of social and labor conflicts, which is designed to guarantee the peaceful evolution of capitalist society. Social partnership is the ideology of cooperation between the working class and the owner class, when the working class does not encroach on the foundations of the existing system, but tries to significantly improve its position through reforms and negotiations; the social partnership system can function effectively only under certain conditions: when the economy is booming; when the state is open, does not support any social group or class, but pursues an active social policy in the interests of the majority of the population; coordination of the interests of employees and employers in the field of social and labor relations is carried out through negotiations and ends with the conclusion of collective agreements and agreements. Any collective agreement fixes the agreement of the parties on the following issues: the amount of wages and other monetary payments; system of monetary compensation for work at night or on holidays; employment and retraining; length of the working day and working week; duration of paid leave; working conditions and labor protection; main responsibilities of the parties (administration and employees); control over the implementation of the collective agreement. Social partnership can become a reality when the economy is on the rise or at least there are prerequisites for its growth in the near future.
1. Social partnership theory
.1 Social partnership: concept, essence, functions
Social partnership is a special type of social relations that realizes the balance of the most important socio-economic interests of the main groups of society.
The social partnership system operates on the basis of the principle of tripartite representation, which in world practice is called “tripartism”. In practice, tripartism means that the state, employers, and trade unions are independent and equal partners, each of which performs specific functions and bears its own responsibilities.
As is known, interests represent an object of interest, desire and act as incentives for the actions of economic entities. Economic interests are objective incentives for economic activity associated with people’s desire to satisfy growing material and spiritual needs. Economic interests are the main driving force economic progress. Coordination of personal, collective, public economic interests is the basis for building an effective economic mechanism that stimulates intensive economic development.
Economic interests underlie the system of economic stimulation of production. This system must be built in such a way as to encourage people to work more efficiently and to fully satisfy social needs. This problem can be solved through the active use of socially oriented market relations in combination with government regulation of the economy.
Socially oriented market relations imply the existence of a socially oriented economy. A social market economy is a model of the economic structure of society, characterized by the social redistribution and social protective role of the state, the economy of which is based on market principles and is regulated by the market mechanism, which ensures high efficiency of its functioning and implementation by the state of its social functions. Social policy in market conditions is aimed at creating conditions for productive and high-quality work based on the disclosure of human creative potential, the manifestation of initiative and creative entrepreneurship.
The interests of hired workers, or, in other words, personal interests, imply the possibility of full reproduction of the labor force, the highest possible wages, safe working conditions, fixed working hours, reliable job security, and social protection. The main interest of the entrepreneur (employer) is that the capital invested by him as quickly as possible brings the greatest possible profit at the lowest possible cost.
Thus, the interests of employees and entrepreneurs have, at first glance, an insurmountable contradiction, since the wages of employees are an element of the entrepreneur’s costs. However, both parties are involved in a single production process, interact and cannot exist without each other. Both the employee and the employer are interested in making a profit, the first - in the form of income, the second - in the form of wages, which to a certain extent forces their interests to intersect.
In addition, the main goal of an entrepreneur - to get maximum profit as quickly as possible - can only be achieved with a stable, sustainable state of the team, region, industry and society as a whole. Therefore, entrepreneurs are objectively interested in pursuing, together with trade unions, an agreed policy on issues of wages and working conditions, employment, social guarantees, in the use of social partnership as an instrument of social peace, protection from acute social conflicts, political confrontations. The third party in the social partnership system is the state. It is the state that unites all citizens of the country and is capable for this reason of representing their common needs, interests and goals, expressing the general will of the people, consolidating it through legislation and other forms of lawmaking, and ensuring its implementation.
State interests include economic and political stability, economic growth, a high standard of living, and respect for the social interests of all segments of the population.
Thus, we see the need to reconcile the interests of employers, employees and the state in order to satisfy their main goals.
The social responsibility of the state in a socially oriented market economy should be manifested in its performance of a number of important social functions, such as:
-correcting spontaneous processes of wealth polarization, preventing social differentiation in society from exceeding acceptable limits;
-determination of the living wage, implemented through established laws on minimum sizes wages, pensions, unemployment benefits;
-providing citizens with a certain set of free services in the field of education, healthcare, environmental safety, and access to cultural goods;
-creation of minimum necessary conditions for social insurance.
In the social partnership system, the state performs the following functions:
-guarantor civil rights;
-regulator of the system of social and labor relations;
-participant in negotiations and consultations within the framework of tripartite social and labor relations;
-owner, large employer, shaping the policy of social and labor relations in the public sector;
-resolving collective conflicts through reconciliation, mediation and labor arbitration;
-legislative consolidation of agreements reached by social partners, as well as the development of appropriate labor and social legislation;
-coordinator in the process of development and implementation of regional agreements;
-arbitration, conciliation and mediation within the framework of social
partnerships. The essence of social partnership implies the following content:
-joint consideration and agreement by workers and employers of social and labor policy at all levels of social production based on increasing labor efficiency;
-development of criteria for social justice and establishment of guaranteed measures to protect effective labor by subjects of social partnership;
-predominantly the negotiated and contractual nature of the relationship between representatives of workers and employers in the preparation of relevant agreements, as well as in resolving arising disagreements.
The social partnership system includes the following elements:
-permanently and temporarily operating bi- and tripartite bodies, formed by representatives of workers, employers, executive authorities and interacting between them at various levels of regulation of social, labor and related relations;
-a set of various joint documents (agreements, collective agreements, decisions, etc.) adopted by these bodies on the basis of mutual consultations and negotiations between the parties aimed at regulating social and labor relations;
-the appropriate order, forms of interaction, relationships and sequence in the development, timing of adoption, priority of the above bodies and documents.
The social partnership system is practically expressed in the implementation of such tasks as ensuring the development and implementation of an agreed socially oriented policy of economic market transformations, facilitating solutions to social and labor conflicts, improving the legislative framework for regulating social and labor relations, overcoming the crisis of the economy and society, and on this basis - improving the well-being of the people, achieving social stability in society. In general, social partnership is implemented through a system of negotiations and concluded agreements at the federal, territorial, industry and professional levels and collective agreements at enterprises.
Thus, social partnership acts as the ideology of a civilized society of a market economy, a tool for building a socially oriented market economy.
1.2 General concept of social partnership
Historically, the slogan of social partnership arose as an antithesis to class conflicts and revolutions, as a way to resolve the contradiction between labor and capital. But at the end of the 20th century. this term was filled with a new meaning. The crisis of three leading concepts - socialism, the welfare state and modernization in the countries of the so-called third world - required a search for other approaches. The focus of public and political attention today is the initiatives of citizens who unite into a community not commercial organizations and social movements. The meaning of social partnership is constructive interaction between government agencies, local governments, commercial enterprises and non-profit organizations. The term “partnership” presupposes a very specific form of relationships that arise in the process of activities of social actors to achieve common goals. If the goals of these subjects do not coincide, the question of compromise and reaching consensus is raised. The basis of these relationships, undoubtedly, is social interaction.
Social interaction performs in society various functions: stabilizing, consolidating, destructive. It is the stabilizing function that is the mechanism that ensures the development of a democratic society as a whole and its individual spheres. This function can be successfully performed by social partnership as one of the forms of manifestation social interaction. Although social interaction at a certain stage of development of a democratic state gives rise to social partnership, the latter can be carried out not only through this mechanism, but also form its own. Social partnership is already social interaction as one of the forms of existence of the latter, embodying its stabilizing and harmonizing functions. THEM. Model, B.S. The model proposes to consider “social partnership as a way of cooperation in the sphere of federal relations, a form of organic interaction between the diverse subjects of these relations, which allow them to freely express their interests in the context of the search for so-called civilized means of their harmonization.”
The key element around which or on the basis of which social partnership is formed is a social problem. Such interaction is necessary in order to jointly solve significant negative social phenomena (poverty, homelessness, orphanhood, domestic violence, pollution environment etc.). The establishment of partnerships helps reduce social tension, eliminates elements of confrontation and conflict, and lays the foundations for stability and public order.
Representatives of different sectors tend to have different perceptions of their own responsibility for solving these social problems. But despite differences and contradictions, cooperation is necessary. What exactly can each partner offer, what are their interests? What are the characteristics of the resources they have?
The state can act as a catalyst for changes in socio-economic life and financially and institutionally support public initiatives on which the partnership is based. The state creates legislative and regulatory conditions for the implementation of innovations, the development of local government, the non-profit sector, and charitable activities. It formulates targeted development programs social sphere and combines various resources for their implementation. Using various organizational and financial mechanisms, including social procurement, to implement targeted programs, the state attracts local government, non-profit organizations (NPOs) and business.
Local self-government is a phenomenon of public life, not of state power. It operates on an equal basis with other forms of public and private self-organization, public self-government, public associations, corporations, etc. By representing the interests of the local community, local government, within the framework of its powers, provides the opportunity to most effectively solve social problems through the implementation of specific projects. It operates together with public associations and business representatives interested in the development of the local community.
The non-profit sector is currently analyzed by scientists as an important component of civil society, on the one hand, and as a system for creating and delivering public goods to consumers, on the other. Particular attention is paid to the democratic, voluntary nature of the non-profit sector, based on the non-coercive nature of conscious civil initiative. This is what distinguishes the third sector from the state and brings it closer to the structures of a market economy.
In relation to NPOs, the following definition has appeared: “a business with a public mission.” NGOs, professional associations, independent think tanks offer new ideas, solutions, social technologies, provide civilian control over government actions, and involve volunteers in their work. Public associations express the interests of certain groups of the population and put forward new value guidelines. Businesses and entrepreneurial associations provide charitable donations, as well as the opportunity to use the experience and professionalism of competent managers in solving socially significant problems.
Of course, the opportunities and roles of the parties within the framework of social partnership are not the same. If the role of commercial organizations lies mainly in financing opportunities, and the role of government agencies also in the use of power levers, then public associations form and organize a unique resource: social initiatives of citizens. In their activities they embody new (alternative) values and priorities. First of all, these are the values and priorities of groups with unequal opportunities that lack access to power and information. Public organizations “voice” the needs of these people, usually the first to formulate a social problem.
Social partnership is built on clearly defined rules. This social action, based on a sense of human solidarity and shared responsibility for the problem. We can say that social partnership occurs when representatives of the three sectors begin to work together, realizing that this is beneficial to each of them and society as a whole.
Social partnership is based on: the interest of each of the interacting parties in finding ways to solve social problems; combining the efforts and capabilities of each partner for their implementation; constructive cooperation between the parties in resolving controversial issues; the desire to find realistic solutions to social problems, and not to imitate such a search; decentralization of decisions, absence of state paternalism; mutually acceptable control and consideration of the interests of each partner; the legal validity of “cooperation”, which provides conditions for interaction that are beneficial to each party and society as a whole. The decisive factors here are mutual usefulness, mutual interest of the parties, self-restraint, respect and consideration of the interests of partners. They have equal rights in choosing ways and means to achieve a common goal, while maintaining independence and following the principle of non-interference in the affairs of the other party. These relationships are built on the principles of trust, respect, goodwill, equality, freedom of choice, and the obligation to fulfill the agreements reached. Formal aspects in these relationships clearly outweigh informal ones, which to a certain extent facilitates interaction, leveling out personal sympathies.
Another principle of building and successful functioning of social partnership is compliance with federal and regional legislation.
It is possible to identify objective and subjective conditions for establishing social partnership. Objective ones include: democracy and civil society, the need for social partnership, the formation and institutionalization of group interests, organizational, legal and political regulations of the state in terms of regulating the interests of the participants in the relations under consideration. But all these conditions will remain potential in the absence of a subjective factor. What is needed is the will and awareness of the common goals of the participants in social partnership, their willingness to follow the norms recorded in the relevant documents, the presence of a system of effective sanctions for violating the norms of social partnership, and the development of traditions of civil participation. Successful development each sector is impossible without interaction with other sectors. In this regard, it is customary to talk about intersectoral interaction as a necessary element of national management efficiency.
1.3 Features of the development of social partnership in Russia
The emergence of social partnership in Russia was associated with social movements and local self-government (zemstvo movement). With the support of zemstvos (and in some cases, state authorities), the first experience of solving socially significant problems arose “by a creative union of various kinds of intellectual trends with the wide scope of young, philanthropic capital.”
In Russia, for the first time, new forces emerged that turned to solving social issues. This is local elected self-government, social movements(scientific and cultural societies, labor aid movement), charity of industrialists and financiers.
The development of social partnership in Russia was very limited, and its successes were not commensurate with the scale of existing social conflicts. Charity could not eliminate poverty and smooth out the sharp contradictions between entrepreneurs and workers, landowners and peasants. Social conflict led to the revolution of 1917.
Historical experience shows that the interaction of various forces in the public arena is a condition for the success of reforms.
As for the specifics of the formation of sectors in modern Russia, by now a new one based on business civil initiative has emerged private business- sector, and the public sector has undergone significant changes associated with the reduction of monopoly influence on the production and social spheres. At the same time, a non-governmental non-profit sector began to form, based on civil initiatives in the non-productive sphere. For recent years Russia has accumulated significant experience in intersectoral interaction, summarizing which we can identify several models of cooperation: information exchange; holding joint charity events and other events of different nature; systematic support for social initiatives, including through the provision of premises, provision of consulting services, payment of expenses, etc.; development of state-public forms of management, including through the creation of permanent round tables, uniting representatives of the three sectors, at the level of municipalities or constituent entities of the Russian Federation; financing of the social sphere on a competitive basis.
However, there is a whole series problems associated with intersectoral cooperation. E.M. Osipov divides them into two blocks: core intra-sector problems and problems of inter-sector interaction itself. The first block includes the following: insufficient professionalism of participants, information hunger and lack of a common information space, weak associative ties and closedness of non-governmental organizations, lack of understanding by one or another sector of the problems of partners. Problems of the second block: insufficient legal support for interaction, lack of interaction mechanisms based not only on personal contacts.
Building relations between the state and civil society organizations and business is carried out not within the framework of trilateral cooperation, but through separate, unrelated channels. In relation to business, such a channel is the Council on Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship under the government, and in relation to NPOs - public chambers (federal and regional). The approval of such a model of interaction places civil society organizations outside the field of public policy, and, without the opportunity to participate on an equal basis in the mechanisms of direct and feedback with the state, they are deprived of incentives to increase activity.
The current system of relationships between society, state and business must either be broken and in its place a modern system of tripartite partnerships must be created, or it must be radically reconstructed so that it is able to make this kind of partnership a fact. You need to move towards such a system gradually, so that, reaching new frontiers and mastering them, you can move on.
The most suitable participants in the updated system on the part of civil society could be public chambers, or rather, authorized representatives delegated by them. The chambers are widely represented by representatives from completely different fields of activity, who are aware of both specific and more general socio-economic problems, the solution of which determines our immediate and more distant future. These people could contribute not only their knowledge and experience to the existing system, but also make it truly efficient and effective. An initiative either from authoritative circles of political power, or from the Public Chamber and its committees, or from both at the same time, can mark the beginning of improving the system of social partnership in Russia. Other options are possible, taking into account the potential of the expert community.
The dialogue type of relations between society and the authorities is a guarantor of achieving civil consent. The principles of social partnership - provided they are understood and accepted by the political and economic elites of the Federal Center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - can become an effective tool for the humanitarian reconstruction of the main spheres of life in Russia.
2. Development of social partnership
2.1 Social partnership in the system of social and labor relations
Social partnership is a way of organizing social relations based on the principle of social justice, which implies complete harmonization of the interests of all members of society. Due to the fact that the concept of social justice is an ideal concept, social partnership also presupposes an ideal type of social relations. It is characterized by: “mutually respectful attitude of the subjects, understanding of the significance of emerging problems, following the principle of compromise in the negotiation process, solidarity in defending their positions in relations of other types and with other subjects.”
In Russian labor law, the regulation of social partnership was first legalized by the decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On social partnership and resolution of labor disputes” dated November 15, 1991. It was subsequently developed in a number of laws and legal acts.
With the entry into force of the new Labor Code the concept of “social partnership in the sphere of labor” is interpreted as the basis of relationships between employees, trade unions, employers and their associations, government bodies and local governments for the purpose of discussion, decision-making, organization joint activities on social, labor and economic issues, ensuring social stability and social development. Social partnership in this period of time is in its infancy and is not able to fully resolve the problem of equality and social justice between employees and employers for objective and subjective reasons.
The situation in the labor market in modern Russia has a negative impact on the development of social and labor relations. It is characterized as follows:
-a discrepancy between the demand and supply of labor (along with labor-abundant regions, there are labor-deficient regions; with growing unemployment, there is a shortage of workers and specialists in some “unprestigious” professions, etc.);
-the prevalence of ineffective employment, resulting in the loss of qualified personnel;
-lack of a proper system for staff development;
-low level of official wages; Most of the unofficial one falls on the shadow side of the economy (the so-called wages in envelopes, non-indexed wages, etc.).
The most effective form of implementing social partnership in this period of time is the conclusion of collective agreements in organizations that regulate social and labor relations and help improve social partnership in the world of work between employees and employers. As statistics show, maximum quantity collective agreements (97%) are concluded in organizations of state and municipal forms of ownership. And in the sphere of material production, collective agreements take place in organizations where there are trade union bodies representing the interests of employees. The main reason for not concluding a collective agreement is the lack of trade union organizations. The absence of a collective contractual form of relationship between employees and employers in such organizations most often occurs due to the lack of initiative of the parties and the passivity of the employees themselves.
Local regulation of labor relations in the non-state sector of the economy, as a result of the weak activity of trade unions and the absence of other employee representatives, is completely under the control of employers. It is at these enterprises that most violations occur in the field of labor protection, in matters of hiring, dismissal, remuneration, leave, and payment of state social insurance benefits. As a consequence, everything important decisions in the sphere of labor are adopted by the employer unilaterally, without consultation and taking into account the opinions of employees (their representatives).
The Federal Law “On Trade Unions, Their Rights and Guarantees of Operations” established the legal basis for regulating relations of trade unions with state authorities, local governments, employers, public associations, legal entities and citizens. The organizational and legal regulation of the activities of trade unions is facilitated by the federal laws “On Public Associations”, “On Non-Profit Organizations”, and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Parts 1, 2). The implementation of the protective function of trade unions and the protection of trade union rights is ensured by civil procedural, administrative and criminal legislation.
As a result of legislative reforms, trade unions took their place in the socio-political system of society; now in their actions they depend only on the law. In recent years, due to the adoption of these and other legislative acts, significant changes have occurred in legal status Russian trade unions, respectively, in their practical activities.
And so, social partnership as a special type of public, in particular, social and labor relations, ensures a balance in the implementation of the socio-economic interests of all the main social groups of society and forms the basis of their social relations characteristic of a social state.
2.2 Social partnership in the labor sector of the Altai Territory
Currently, there is a trend towards a decrease in the number of labor resources in the region and an increase in the average age of workers. For example, in such areas as chemical, light, industry, non-ferrous metallurgy, housing and communal services, education, healthcare, transport - every second worker is over 50 years old. In rural areas, every fifth worker is near retirement age. Therefore, one of the tasks is to create conditions for the influx of young personnel into the manufacturing sectors and the social sphere.
In addition, in the regional labor market there is a discrepancy between the structure of supply and demand: vacancies are mainly in cities, while 70 percent of citizens job seekers, lives in rural areas. Two-thirds of the unemployed have higher and secondary specialized education, but 80 percent of employers' offers are blue-collar jobs.
In terms of growth rates of registered unemployment, the Altai Territory ranks first among the regions of the Siberian Federal District and second in Russia.
Another negative trend is the annual reduction in the share of labor costs in production costs. Thus, in industry it decreased from 12 to 10 percent; a similar situation has developed in construction and agriculture.
In this regard, the head of the regional administration, Alexander Karlin, gave instructions to study the effectiveness of social support for low-income groups of the population. He also noted that the issue of using labor resources is key in the development of the region. This is the main thing that determines the economy and social sphere of the Altai Territory.
Regarding the issue of population migration in the Altai Territory. Now in our region the outflow of the most talented youth to megacities continues. This phenomenon does not have a negative impact on national interests. The country does not lose specialists, and they, in turn, get the opportunity to work more efficiently. But at the same time, it is necessary to understand what is happening in the region from which the workforce is leaving. Labor migration changes the structure of the population. Therefore, there are more pensioners in Altai than in other territories. And our social sphere is overloaded compared to other regions. From this situation it follows that Altai has been a generator of labor resources for other regions for many years.
According to the optimistic scenario for the development of the demographic situation, the population in the Altai Territory in 2025 compared to 2006 will increase slightly and amount to about 2,700-2,800 thousand people.
This scenario is based on the hypothesis that in the Russian Federation in general, and in the Altai Territory in particular, the prerequisites for demographic growth will be realized through many sources, including through successful measures to improve the health of the population, improve their quality of life, and increase life expectancy , stimulating the birth rate, strengthening the institution of the family, intensifying migration policy, etc. According to this scenario, the Altai Territory provides for a significant reduction in mortality rates (especially in younger groups of the working age population), an increase in age-specific birth rates, and overcoming negative migration trends. By 2020, the total fertility rate will be 1.75 births per woman, life expectancy for men - 65.5 years, and for women - 77.4 years, migration growth will exceed 5 thousand people.
At the same time, the working age population will be about 1,500 thousand people. (in 2006, the working age population in the Altai Territory was 1617.2 thousand people), i.e. The working age population will decrease slightly due to the general aging of the population. However, the difference in the size of the working-age population will not have a significant impact on the supply of labor resources to the economy, since it will be offset by a decrease in the unemployment rate (in 2006, the number of unemployed according to Altaicomstat data amounted to 115.9 thousand people, i.e. about 9 % of the economically active population) and a decrease in the share of the working-age population not employed in the economy (pupils and students of working age, military personnel, housewives, etc. - in 2006 their number was 396.8 thousand people).
Taking into account the fact that the unemployment rate is projected to decrease to 2% (i.e., the number of unemployed in the region will be no more than 30 thousand people), and about 300 thousand people. will account for the working-age population not employed in the economy (a reduction in the share of working-age pupils, students, and military personnel is predicted due to changes in the age structure of the population by 2025), the number of people employed in the economy in 2025 will not decrease and will amount to at least 1100 thousand people At the same time, the structure of employment by type of economic activity will change approximately in accordance with the change in the share of individual types of activity in GRP. The change in the structure of employment by type of activity is shown in Table 2.1 (Appendix A)
Overcoming negative trends in the demographic situation of the Altai Territory creates a base of labor resources with the help of which economic growth will be achieved. Here lies one of the significant risks of implementing the strategy - if negative trends in demography are not overcome, then there will be no basis on which the development of the region should rest.
In this regard, the scenario for changes in the population of the Altai Territory, calculated by Altai Kraistat as the “average” option, assumes a reduction in the population to 2,224 thousand people. in 2025, which means a reduction in the working-age population to approximately 1,200 and the number of “working” population to 900 thousand people. Such a reduction in the number of people involved in the economy suggests that the growth of labor productivity should be faster than the growth rate of GRP, which means that it should grow 4.3-4.5 times relative to labor productivity in 2006.
Thus, the task of the Administration of the Altai Territory is to contribute as much as possible to overcoming negative demographic trends, strengthening the health of the population, and improving the quality of their life.
3. Social partnership in the Altai Territory
.1 Analysis of the development of social partnership in the Altai Territory
As part of the project “Altai Territory - Territory of Social Partnership”, the Altai regional public organization “Support for Public Initiatives” conducted a social study “Social Partnership. Realities. Prospects." We invite you to familiarize yourself with the results of the 1st stage of the study, conducted in the first quarter of 2009 in the Altai Territory. Results of the 1st stage of the sociological research “Social partnership. Realities. Prospects”, conducted by the JSC “Support for Public Initiatives” in the first quarter of 2009 in the Altai Territory.
101 people took part in this study.
Characteristics of respondents:
-37 people - representatives public organizations;
-36 people - representatives of government bodies, administration of municipal and regional levels;
-15 people - representatives of TOS bodies;
-13 people are representatives of state and municipal institutions.
Among them:
-30% men and 70% women,
-56% people aged 31 to 55 years,
-23.5% people under 30 years of age,
-21.5% are over 55 years old.
Education of respondents:
-84% have higher education, including 10.5% academic degree;
-6.9% - incomplete higher education;
-5.9% - secondary specialized education,
-1% - general secondary education.
Field of activity of respondents:
-30.4% - social protection;
-26.5% - education;
-24.5% - youth policy;
17.6% - culture;
10.8% - housing and communal services;
-6.9% - healthcare.
-11.8% of respondents are representatives of such fields of activity as: agriculture, ecology, construction and architecture, municipal government, Media, planning and control, finance.
% of respondents note that social partnership is a system of civilized social relations that ensures the coordination and protection of the interests of workers, employers, entrepreneurs, various social groups, layers, their public associations, public authorities. 24.5% understand social partnership as the productive cooperation of all subjects of the territory’s development for its sustainable socio-economic development and concomitant improvement in the quality of life of the population. 18.6% understand social partnership as the interaction of “two sectors” of society (state - NPOs) for the joint implementation of socially significant problems and issues existing in society.
The majority of respondents believe that in the Altai Territory there is such a mechanism as social partnership, among them 61.8% of respondents note the prevalence of competitive financing of socially significant projects, 41.2% - the functioning of public councils and 20.6% - the holding of public hearings. 10.8% of respondents believe that the mechanism of social partnership “does not work” in the Altai Territory, due to the fact that this mechanism is in the initial stage of its development, which is characterized by spontaneity, formality, a high factor of personal relationships between individual representatives of NGOs, government agencies and business.
According to respondents, participants in social partnership should be: public organizations - 93%, governing bodies, municipal and regional administrations - 88.2%; business structures - 81.4% and state and municipal institutions - 73.5%. Another option (10.8%) was that respondents suggested involving the population of the region in social partnership.
Thus, respondents believe that NPOs, government agencies and business structures should be equally represented in the social partnership mechanism. This situation changes when assessing the real involvement of all sectors of society in the social partnership mechanism: public organizations - 88.2%, governing bodies, municipal and regional administrations - 74.5%, state and municipal institutions - 65.7% and business structures - 47%.
The vast majority of respondents (98%) are involved in the work of the social partnership mechanism through public hearings (32.4%), formation and implementation of social orders (31.4%), holding competitions for socially significant projects (29%), creation and coordination of the activities of the public council, participation in the public council - 27.5% each, development and implementation of socially significant projects (12.7%). Among the reasons for the lack of involvement of their organization (2%), respondents identify internal problems of the organization.
On a 5-point scale, respondents rated the degree of interest of their own organization in the development of social partnership. Their answers were distributed as follows: 72.5% rated their interest as “5”, 14.7% - as “4”, which indicates a high degree of interest among representatives of different sectors of society in the development of social partnership in the region. In addition, respondents noted a high degree of involvement of their organization in the process of social partnership - “5” - 31.4%, “4” - 29.4%. At the same time, it is paradoxical that only 8.8% of respondents rated the degree of effectiveness of the social partnership mechanism as “5”, and 38.2% of respondents as “3” and “4”.
Analyzing the changes that have occurred with the social partnership mechanism over the past three years, 76.1% of respondents indicate an improvement in the situation.
Combining the respondents’ answers to this question, we can highlight the following changes:
Systematic holding of competitions for socially significant projects, increasing the amount of funding for socially significant projects;
Adoption of a targeted departmental program that ensures an increase in the level of efficiency of the social partnership mechanism, increased interest on the part of government agencies, and the establishment of equal partnerships between government, business and NGOs;
Increasing the number of public organizations aimed at developing the social sphere, increasing the authority of NPOs, increasing public awareness of the activities of NPOs;
Creation of new forms of social partnership, for example, a public chamber,
Increasing attention to the problems of youth and society as a whole;
Improving methodological support for ongoing activities, replenishing the material and technical base.
9% of respondents pointed to negative trends in the development of the social partnership mechanism, among which the following can be noted:
Legislative framework is outdated, and changes made to it worsen the situation in the development of social partnership.
Negative trends in decreasing amounts of funding for programs implemented in partnership.
Negative information in the media.
Lack of analysis of the reasons for the slowdown in the development of the social partnership mechanism.
The presence of different opinions of respondents indicates the heterogeneity and non-systematic nature of the development process of the social partnership mechanism in the Altai Territory.
Respondents also noted the difficulties they encounter in the field of social partnership.
Representatives of government authorities speak, first of all, about the low level of development of the third sector, the mismatch of positions and competition of NPOs; about the reluctance of businesses to participate in social life cities and regions. Representatives of government agencies also note that many managers lack an understanding of the importance of the organization. partnership work due to insufficient social maturity of structures, civic immaturity, lack of a clear mechanism for financing projects. Insufficient awareness of all participants in the social partnership about this system, failure to fully implement the agreements reached, and heavy workload of partnership members with their daily activities. All of the above negatively affects the effectiveness of the development of social partnership.
Representatives of public organizations identified the following difficulties in the field of social partnership:
Internal problems NPO;
Lack of population activity;
Complex process of interaction with authorities (difficult to find common ground), lack of a clear strategy for interaction as equal partners;
Low awareness of social partnership opportunities.
Thus, we can say that both representatives of government agencies and representatives of the third sector face difficulties in the field of social partnership. All this indicates a lack of mutual understanding between government officials and NGOs in the field of social partnership development.
So, social partnership involves the interaction of government bodies, public organizations and business to resolve issues of socio-economic and political development of a certain territory. The development of the social partnership mechanism in the Altai Territory has its own characteristics against the backdrop of high interest and involvement of various entities in the development of social partnership; the low efficiency of the mechanism is noted. This is caused by the lack of a systematic approach, an insufficient range of mechanisms for interaction of all sectors of society as equal and equal participants in social partnership and low awareness of both the subjects of the partnership about the work of these mechanisms and the beneficiaries of the partnership about the results of intersectoral interaction.
3.2 Development of the social sphere in the Altai Territory: problems and prospects
The development of the region's economy and the implementation of strategic directions will become the basis for achieving new standards of living standards and quality of life for the population and transformations in the social sphere. Increasing the standard of living is seen as a fundamental element of improving its quality.
The consequences of improving the quality of life should be the formation of a powerful middle class and a reversal of the negative demographic situation, ensuring the consolidation of a stable trend towards growth in the region's population.
The average salary in the region will reach a level of at least 35 thousand rubles in 2006 prices. Its purchasing power in relation to the consumer minimum will increase to no less than 530% (subject to an increase in the cost of living to 6 thousand rubles in 2006 prices).
The share of the population with incomes below the subsistence level will fall to 3-4%. The low-income population will be 20-25%. The share of the population with average incomes will be at least 50-55%.
Thanks to the introduction of innovative technologies in construction, production, including those based on local raw materials, new economical building materials, The situation with the provision of housing for the region's population will be significantly improved. During 2008-2025, 8-10 square meters will be built per inhabitant. meters of new housing, which will achieve a housing supply level of an average of 28 square meters. meters per 1 inhabitant. Increased investment in the construction complex and increased construction volumes will ensure balanced development construction market, in which growing demand is ensured by supply and a sharp rise in prices is impossible. With rapid growth in incomes of the region's population, this will make housing truly affordable.
The achieved level of spending on healthcare and social protection of the population, calculated as a share of the added value produced, will significantly (up to 60-65%) approach the level of developed countries.
At least 50-55% of the economically active adult population will have higher education.
As a result, the region will be able to realize the potential for industrial development, agriculture, innovative economy, overcoming the barriers of infrastructural limitations.
To develop certain areas of the social sphere The following strategic goals and objectives are to be implemented:
The strategic goal of developing social support for the population is the formation in the Altai Territory of a system in which support is provided to citizens who find themselves not only below the subsistence level, but also in difficult situations. life situation: loss of work, loss of ability to work, long-term illness, old age, loneliness, orphanhood, lack of a specific place of residence, etc.
One of the priority tasks of the region's demographic policy and its development strategy is to increase the life expectancy of the region's population. The value of this integral indicator characterizes the level and quality of life in the region and is determined by them. At the same time, one of the key factors in reducing mortality and increasing life expectancy is the level of healthcare development.
The solution to the problems of healthcare development in the Altai Territory will be carried out, among other things, in the format of implementing the priority national project “Health”, designed for the medium term.
The strategic goal of implementing this project in the region, as well as in the country as a whole, is to improve the quality and availability of medical care and ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being.
Main priorities of the project:
· development of primary health care;
· development of preventive areas;
· providing the population with high-tech medical care.
The contribution of the education system to improving the quality of life of the region’s population will be achieved through the implementation of strategic actions in the following main areas:
· ensuring accessibility and equal opportunities for full-fledged quality education for all residents of the region (including actions aimed at preserving the network of preschool and general education institutions; construction of kindergartens in urban areas, restoration of destroyed ones in rural areas; development of the educational and material base of educational institutions);
· providing the education system of the Altai Territory with highly qualified personnel;
· improving economic mechanisms in the field of education;
· increasing the efficiency and quality of vocational education, creating a vocational education system that meets the needs of key areas of the regional economy.
The priority national project “Education” is of particular importance in supporting the main directions of development of the general education system.
The strategic goal of implementing the priority national project “Education” in the region, as well as in the country as a whole, is the modernization of Russian education and the achievement of modern quality of education that is adequate to the changing demands of society and socio-economic conditions.
The real contribution of housing construction to improving the quality of life of the region’s population will be achieved through the implementation of the priority national project “Affordable and comfortable housing for Russian citizens.”
The strategic goal in the field of housing construction is to create conditions that ensure affordable housing for different categories of citizens.
To comprehensively solve the problem of housing affordability, diversification is expected financial mechanisms construction and acquisition of housing for citizens with sufficient solvency; government support improving the living conditions of socially vulnerable categories of the population within the established state standards; development of mortgage housing lending.
To ensure an improvement in the quality of life and the development of human potential, strategic actions will also be implemented in areas such as culture and sports.
In the field of culture and sports, it is necessary to solve the following strategic tasks:
-preservation of a single cultural and information space; improving conditions of access to cultural values for the majority of the population;
-radical improvement of the material and technical base of cultural and sports institutions, for which it is planned to widely attract extra-budgetary sources of funding and activate public-private partnership mechanisms; equipping cultural and sports institutions with modern equipment and fire safety equipment;
-preservation of historical and cultural heritage;
-supporting professional and amateur creativity in the region, creating conditions for its development, maintaining the participation of the population in Russian and regional art festivals and sports competitions;
-development and popularization of culture different nationalities living in the region;
-development and implementation of mechanisms that limit the growth of the cost of services in the cultural, sports and recreational spheres (including in private institutions) to an acceptable level. Ensuring on this basis that the needs of the population, especially children and adolescents, are met in raising the cultural level and engaging in physical education and sports.
The most important area of ensuring the level and quality of life is also ensuring public safety and preventing threats of social instability.
Conclusion
And so, in the course work, we came to the conclusion that social partnership is a type of social relations, interaction between diverse social groups and government institutions, which allows them to freely express their interests and find civilized ways to harmonize and implement them in the process of achieving a common goal.
At the same time, it becomes obvious that there is a need for further scientific development of the theory of social partnership, the ultimate goal of which could be specific recommendations for the creation of its mechanism and its inclusion in the federal and regional legal space.
We also found out when analyzing social partnership in the Altai Territory that the development of the social partnership mechanism in the region has its own characteristics against the backdrop of high interest and involvement of various entities in the development of social partnership, and the low efficiency of the mechanism is noted. This is caused by the lack of a systematic approach, an insufficient range of mechanisms for interaction of all sectors of society as equal and equal participants in social partnership and low awareness of both the subjects of the partnership about the work of these mechanisms and the beneficiaries of the partnership about the results of intersectoral interaction.
However, it is difficult to imagine that only legislation, only legal norms could significantly help or ensure social partnership and close cooperation. What is needed, we believe, is not only legal regulations, a deep understanding of expediency, but also the active desire of the parties, the presence of not only desire, but also a strong will to achieve a compromise and agreement. Therefore, it is necessary to actively assist the state and authorities in creating conditions conducive to this understanding and the formation of attitudes towards finding ways for fruitful cooperation between the interacting parties. This means that further scientific work and research is required on this relatively new phenomenon for Russian reality - social partnership, especially since in our country the subjects of social interaction with the state are still very poorly organized. This applies to interacting parties in almost all spheres of Russian society.
In conclusion, we note that our appeal to the problem of social partnership is a consequence of thinking about ways and means for both Russian and regional communities to overcome the systemic crisis. We are deeply convinced that an attempt to overcome these types of crises, including structural ones, can only be successful if we understand the systematic nature of their nature. Moreover, it is necessary to form such systemic social technologies, which is the technology of social partnership.
References
social partnership demographic labor
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