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An essay on the topic “The problem of the complexity of relationships between people, lack of humanity, indifference to others, lack of human responsibility to other people.”
Every person is a biosocial being. This means that in addition to biological needs, we also have social ones. Such as communication, different kinds relationships. People often have problems in relationships, because people are not always ready to understand each other.
The topic of human relationships is very important in modern society, because more and more often we are witnessing difficulties in relationships, lack of humanity, respect and responsibility. Many great philosophers, writers and poets have talked about human relationships and the problems that can arise between people.
For example, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his novel “Eugene Onegin” examines in great detail the topic of human relationships, as well as the topic of loneliness. The main character of the novel, Eugene Onegin, is unhappy because he has become a “reluctant egoist.” The environment he lived in, the society in which he was in, made him this way. Because of this, Onegin became selfish, indifferent to the fate of other people. Everyone who tried to get close to him became unhappy, Onegin himself also did not find happiness in life. All the hero’s actions and the influence of the surrounding society on him became the reason for the hero’s deep disappointment in life and loneliness.
K. G. Paustovsky in his work “Telegram” also touches on the topic of human relationships and various problems that arise between people. The heroine is a girl, Nastya, who lives in Leningrad and receives a telegram that her mother is sick. But the girl had many important matters that did not allow her to go to her mother. Afterwards, when the girl was finally able to get to the village where her mother lived, she found out that her mother was no longer there... So it happens that sometimes even the closest people act so cold-bloodedly and indifferently towards their relatives.
Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin in his work “Live and Remember” tells us such a story. A man who once deserted returns to the vicinity of his village. But the residents do not want to accept him, everyone turns away from him except his wife. Maria tries her best to save him, doing everything possible, but people's rumors are worse. Maria, persecuted by her fellow villagers, realizes that she was never able to achieve better life for herself and her husband and cannot live like this any longer. Maria commits suicide. In this story we see how worried about her family and how much Mary loved her husband. But her husband turned out to be cowardly and selfish, which is why the end of this story is so sad.
In Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time,” the writer tells us about many extraordinary personalities who found it difficult to get along in society. Many of these people are “superfluous” in the existing society, since they differ from the rest in their individuality, and the public mass does not want to accept them as such. The main character of the work is Pechorin, a man with a difficult fate. From the novel we learn that Pechorin strives for knowledge, “immense forces” lie within him. But there is also a lot of bad in him, many atrocities lie on his conscience and do not allow him to live in peace.
Based on all of the above, we can conclude that mutual understanding is necessary in society. Each of us must value and respect the other's choices. After all, without mutual understanding, forgiveness and love for each other, people will not be able to get along together and avoid conflicts.
Essay on the topic “Relationships between people”
This text raises the problem of relationships between people, namely, such important aspect in them, like communication.
Despite the fact that the text deals with the beginning and middle of the twentieth century, the problem described in the text remains relevant in our time. IN modern world the number of social contacts between people has only increased due to the development of different spheres human life Therefore, no one should ignore the problem of communication.
The author believes that the ability to communicate is a very important component of the success of people employed in the most various sphere activities. In addition, the author emphasizes that the ability to communicate is necessary for a happy personal life. The author notes that it is necessary to communicate sincerely, since otherwise it will negatively affect the subject of communication who does not comply with this rule.
I completely agree with the author's position. In the modern world, a lot really depends on the ability to communicate: by a person’s speech, others judge the level of upbringing and education of a person, and conclusions drawn on the basis of such observations can play decisive role further. As for sincerity in speech, you should always remember that communication occurs with a person, and here the principle “Treat people the way you want to be treated” is very useful, but everyone wants a sincere attitude and communication, not so is it? In addition, a person who constantly controls himself, without true feelings, greatly harms his spiritual world. Examples confirming the correctness of the author of the article can be found in various sources.
Firstly, this literary works. So, for example, in the work of F.M. Dostoevsky's "Idiot" Prince Myshkin is a very simple, open and sincere person, which attracts people to him, because in the society in which the prince is located, everyone has long forgotten about such behavioral phenomena.
Secondly, in the life of every person there comes a moment when emotions, impressions, events, any other feelings overwhelm him and he needs to speak out, but not a small part of what bothers him, but everything, he needs to be sincere in the conversation , only then will he feel lightness and a feeling of a slightly incomprehensible vault.
Thirdly, in such television programs, like “Let them talk”, “We speak and show” and so on, you can see many examples where only sincere communication helps to establish good relationships between people, which is very important.
Thus, the problem of communication is indeed very important in the modern world, and sincerity is an important aspect in communication. Let a person be serious, use unusual manners in communication, but sincerity must certainly be present, otherwise the person constantly adapts to someone else, ceases to be himself, and this should not happen...
Arguments in the Russian language for the Unified State Exam essay.
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What influence does personality have on the course of history?
L. N. Tolstoy.“War and Peace” One of the central problems of the novel is the role of the individual in history. This problem is revealed through the example of the lives of Kutuzov and Napoleon. The writer believes that there is no greatness where there is no goodness and simplicity. According to Tolstoy, a person whose interests coincide with the interests of the people can influence the course of history. Kutuzov understood the moods and desires of the masses, therefore he was great. Napoleon thinks only about his greatness, therefore he is doomed to defeat.
What is the meaning of human life?
M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time". Pechorin's misfortune, by his own admission, is a lack of understanding of the meaning of his life; he says that he felt strength in his soul, but did not know what to apply it to, and could not find a use for it.
I. A. Goncharov. "Oblomov." A good, kind, talented person, Ilya Oblomov, was unable to overcome himself and did not reveal his best traits. The absence of a high goal in life leads to moral death. Even love could not save Oblomov. L.N.
Tolstoy. "War and Peace". The main thing in the best heroes of the novel - Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov - is the desire for moral self-improvement, the desire to “be quite good”, to bring good to people.
Self-realization of a person. Life is like a struggle for happiness
1) Let's imagine that some good wizard or some highly developed aliens decided to benefit humanity: they saved people from the need to work, entrusting all the work to smart machines. What would become of us then, with our age-old dream of idle and have a fun life? A person would lose the joy of overcoming, and life would turn into a painful existence.
2) From a tiny apple tree A seed thrown into the ground will eventually grow into a tree that will produce sweet, juicy fruits. Likewise, a person must realize the powers inherent in him by nature, grow in order to please people with the fruits of his labors.
3) Life drama of Evgeny Onegin, an extraordinary person, is caused precisely by the fact that “he was sick of persistent work.” Growing up in idleness, he did not learn the most important thing - to work patiently, achieving his goal, to live for the sake of another person. His life turned into a joyless existence “without tears, without life, without love.”
The problem of true and imaginary values.
I. Bunin in the story “Mr. from San Francisco”"showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and this god he worshiped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed the man by: he died without ever knowing what life was.
M. Gorky, working on one from his novels, he described the scene of the murder of a woman. Suddenly the writer screamed and fell unconscious. The arriving doctors found a wound on the writer in the very place where the heroine of his work was stabbed with a knife. This example shows that a true writer does not simply invent events, but writes with the blood of his soul; he passes everything created through his heart.
Name of a simple peasant girl Joan of Arc is known to everyone today. For 75 years, France waged an unsuccessful war against the English invaders. Joan believed that she was destined to save France. The young peasant woman persuaded the king to give her a small detachment and was able to do what the smartest military leaders could not : She ignited people with her fierce faith. After many years of shameful defeats, the French were finally able to defeat the invaders. When you reflect on this truly miraculous event, you understand how important it is for a person to be guided by a great goal.
In the book “There Was No Better Brother” Azerbaijani writer Maksud Ibragimbekov included novels and stories in which our contemporaries are represented. The works of M. Ibragimbekov are always action-packed and pose the most important, pressing moral and ethical problems. The conflict in them arises and is resolved at the level of moral tasks and attitudes. The writer's heroes are looking for genuine life values, sifting them from imaginary ones.
Main character Elena Katasonova’s story “Who Needs a Blue Bird?” is an orientalist working in one of the research institutes. He knows the country he is involved in well; his official and personal affairs are going well. But it happens that life confronts him with the need to choose between real and imaginary values. And this choice is very difficult, because in order to get through to the present, Paul needs to break too much, change too much in his happily current, well-established life. The story poses current moral problems in an acute, sometimes dramatic form.
Everyone holds the fate of the world in their hands
V. Soloukhin tells a parable about a boy who did not listen to an unknown voice and scared away the butterfly. An unknown voice sadly announced what would happen next: the disturbed butterfly would fly away into the royal garden, and the caterpillar from this butterfly would crawl onto the neck of the sleeping queen. The queen will get scared and die, and power in the country will be seized by an insidious and cruel king who will cause a lot of trouble to people.
A. Kuprin wrote the story “ Wonderful doctor» , based on real events. A man, exhausted by poverty, is ready to desperately commit suicide, but the famous doctor Pirogov, who happens to be nearby, speaks to him. He helps the unfortunate man, and from that moment his life and the life of his family changes in the most happy way. This story eloquently shows that the actions of one person can affect the destinies of other people.
The twentieth century is the first century in history humanity's world wars, the age of creating weapons of mass destruction. An incredible situation is emerging: humanity can destroy itself. In Hiroshima, on the monument to the victims of the atomic bombing, it is written: “Sleep well, the mistake will not be repeated.” To prevent this and many other mistakes from being repeated, the struggle for peace, the struggle against weapons of mass destruction, acquires a universal character.
“Notes of a Hunter” by I. Turgenev played a huge role in the public life of our country. People, having read bright, vivid stories about peasants, realized that it was immoral to own people like cattle. A broad movement for the abolition of serfdom began in the country.
During the Great Patriotic War G. F. Flerov, using a short vacation, went to the scientific library. He drew attention to the fact that there were no publications about radioactivity in foreign journals. This means that these works are classified. He immediately wrote an alarming letter to the government. Immediately after this, all nuclear scientists were called from the front and active work began on the creation of an atomic bomb, which in the future would help stop possible aggression against our country.
Scientific progress and human moral qualities
In M. Bulgakov's story " dog's heart" Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a human. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, a desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns around dire consequences: a two-legged creature with a “dog’s heart” is not yet a person, because there is no soul in it, no love, honor, nobility.
“We boarded the plane, but we don’t know where it will land!”— - wrote the famous Russian writer Yu. Bondarev. These words sound a warning addressed to all humanity. Indeed, sometimes we are very careless, we do something, “get on a plane,” without thinking about what the consequences of our hasty decisions and thoughtless actions will be. And these consequences can be fatal.
Nicolaus Copernicus after long After much research, I came to the conclusion that the center of our Universe is not the Earth, but the Sun. But the scientist for a long time did not dare to publish data about his discovery, because he understood that such news would change people’s ideas about the world order. and this can lead to unpredictable consequences.
Russian literature has always was closely associated with moral quests our people. One of the writers who sincerely cares about the morality of our society is Valentin Rasputin. The story “Fire” occupies a special place in his work. These are reflections on civil courage and the moral positions of man. When a fire broke out in Sosnovka, there were few who risked their lives to defend the people's good. Many came to “warm their hands.” A fire is the result of general ill-being. People are corrupted by the discomfort of everyday life, the poverty of spiritual life, and a soulless attitude towards nature.
Many problems of our time, including moral ones, is raised by Anatoly Pristavkin in the story “The Golden Cloud Spent the Night.” He acutely raises the issue of national relations, talks about the connection between generations, raises the topic of good and evil, talks about many other issues, the solution of which depends not only on politics and economics, but also on the level of general culture.
1) History knows many unsuccessful attempts to forcefully make a person happy. If freedom is taken away from people, then heaven turns into a prison. The favorite of Tsar Alexander 1, General Arakcheev, when creating military settlements at the beginning of the 19th century, pursued good goals. Peasants were forbidden to drink vodka, they were supposed to go to church at the appointed hours, children were supposed to be sent to schools, and they were forbidden to be punished. It would seem that everything is correct! But people were forced to be good. they were forced to love, work, study. And the man deprived of his freedom, turned into a slave, rebelled: a wave of general protest arose, and Arakcheev’s reforms were curtailed.
2) To one African tribe, who lived in the equatorial zone, decided to help. Young Africans were taught to beg for rice; they were given tractors and seeders. A year passed - we came to see how the tribe, gifted with new knowledge, lived. Imagine the disappointment when they saw that the tribe lived and still lives in a primitive communal system: they sold tractors to farmers, and with the proceeds they organized a national holiday. This example is eloquent evidence that a person must mature to understand his needs; no one can be made rich, smart and happy by force.
3) In one kingdom came severe drought, people began to die of hunger and thirst. The king turned to the soothsayer, who came to them from distant countries. He predicted that the drought would end as soon as a stranger was sacrificed. Then the king ordered to kill the soothsayer and throw him into the well. The drought ended, but since then a constant hunt for foreign wanderers began.
4) Historian E. Tarle in one from his books he talks about Nicholas I’s visit to Moscow University. When the rector introduced him to the best students, Nicholas 1 said: “I don’t need smart people, but I need novices.” The attitude towards wise men and novices in various fields of knowledge and art eloquently testifies to the character of society.
5) In 1848, a tradesman Nikifor Nikitin was exiled to the distant settlement of Baikonur “for seditious speeches about flying to the moon.” Of course, no one could know that a century later, at this very place, in the Kazakh steppe, a cosmodrome would be built and spaceships would fly to where the prophetic eyes of an enthusiastic dreamer looked.
1) Ancient historians tell that one day a stranger came to the Roman emperor and brought him a gift of metal as shiny as silver, but extremely soft. The master said that he extracts this metal from clay soil. The emperor, fearing that the new metal would devalue his treasures, ordered the inventor’s head to be cut off.
2) Archimedes, knowing that people suffer from drought, hunger, and proposed new ways to irrigate the land. Thanks to his discovery, productivity increased sharply, people stopped being afraid of hunger.
3) Outstanding scientist Fleming discovered penicillin. This medicinal product saved the lives of millions of people who had previously died from blood poisoning.
4) One English engineer in the middle 19th century offered an improved cartridge. But officials from the military department arrogantly told him: “We are already strong, only the weak need to improve weapons.”
5) Famous scientist Jenner, who defeated smallpox with the help of vaccinations, was inspired by the words of an ordinary peasant woman. The doctor told her that she had smallpox. To this the woman calmly replied: “It can’t be, because I already had cowpox.” The doctor did not consider these words to be the result of dark ignorance, but began to make observations, which led to a brilliant discovery.
The problem of man's thoughtless, cruel attitude towards the natural world.
How to save the world from environmental disaster?
1) V. G. Rasputin. "Farewell to Matera". They want to flood the island where people have lived for centuries. Along with environmental problems, problems of a moral nature and historical memory arise.
2) M. Bulgakov. "Fatal Eggs": Professor Persikov accidentally breeds giant reptiles instead of large chickens that threaten civilization.
3) “Heart of a Dog”. Professor Preobrazhensky transplants part of a human brain into the dog Sharik, transforming completely cute dog to the disgusting Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov. You cannot mindlessly interfere with nature!
The problem of cruelty and humanism towards animals.
V. V. Mayakovsky Poem"Good attitude towards horses." The plot is based on the fall of an old horse, which aroused not just the lively curiosity of the crowd, but even the laughter of those around.
The problem of the complexity of relationships between people (humane attitude towards other people, indifference to the fate of another person, a person’s moral responsibility to other people).
1) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. The girl Nastya lives in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
2) V. G. Rasputin “Live and Remember”. The deserter husband secretly appears in the surrounding area native village. His wife Nastena is trying to save him, but people’s rumors are worse: pursued by fellow villagers, realizing that she is driven into a dead end by circumstances (she is pregnant, she cannot give her husband away, but it is also scary to live in a lie), Nastena commits suicide. She is selfless, her husband is cowardly and selfish.
3) V. Bykov “Sotnikov”. The problem of moral choice: what is better - to save your life at the cost of betrayal (as the hero of the story Rybak does) or to die not as a hero (no one will know about Sotnikov’s heroic death), but to die with dignity. Sotnikov makes it difficult moral choice: dies, retaining human appearance.
The problem of kindness and forgiveness. The problem of responsibility for one's affairs
M. A. Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita". The image of Yeshua is the image of Jesus Christ, carrying within himself the idea of true kindness and forgiveness. He says about all people, even about those who bring him pain and suffering: “ a kind person“, the procurator of Judea, who doomed him to a painful death, he forgives, leaving with him into eternity. The image of the procurator of Judea symbolizes how a person can be punished for cowardice. Because of cowardice, he sends the innocent Yeshua to execution, to terrible torment, for which he suffers both on earth and in eternal life.
The problem of relationships between “fathers” and “children”. Is it possible to avoid generational conflict? How does it manifest itself? true love parents to children (children to parents)?
1) And S. Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons". A classic work that shows the problem of misunderstanding between the older and younger generations. Evgeny Bazarov feels like a stranger both in relation to the elder Kirsanovs and in relation to his parents. And although, by his own admission, he loves them, his attitude brings them grief.
2) L.N. Tolstoy. Trilogy "Childhood", “Adolescence”, “Youth”. Striving to understand the world, to become an adult, Nikolenka Irteniev gradually gets to know the world, understands that much in it is imperfect, faces misunderstandings from her elders, and sometimes offends them (chapters “Classes”, “Natalya Savishna”)
3) K. G. Paustovsky “Telegram”. Girl Nastya, living in Leningrad, receives a telegram that her mother is sick, but matters that seem important to her do not allow her to go to her mother. When she, realizing the magnitude of the possible loss, comes to the village, it turns out to be too late: her mother is no longer there...
4) Let's imagine people who start building a house in the morning, and the next day, without finishing what they started, they begin building a new house. Such a picture can cause nothing but bewilderment. But this is exactly what people do when they reject the experience of their ancestors and, as it were, begin to build their “home” anew.
5) The problem of fathers and sons includes a number of important moral issues. This is also a problem of education, a problem of choice. moral rules, the problem of gratitude, the problem of misunderstanding. They are raised in various works, and each author tries to look at them in his own way. A. S. Griboedov, having described the struggle between the “present century” and the “past century” in the comedy “Woe from Wit,” did not ignore the complex problem of fathers and children. The very idea of the work is the struggle between the old and the new.
6) And Pyotr Grinev in A. Pushkin’s Tale « Captain's daughter", following the instructions of his father, he remained an honest and noble man in all situations in which he had to find himself; honor and conscience remained above all else for him throughout his life.
7) One of the most important facets of the problem“fathers and sons” is gratitude. Are children grateful to their parents who love them, raised them and raised them? The topic of gratitude is raised in A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Station Warden.” The tragedy of a father who dearly loved his only daughter appears before us in this story. Of course, Dunya has not forgotten her father, she loves him and feels guilty before him, but still the fact that she left, leaving her father alone, turned out to be a big blow for him, so strong that he could not withstand it.
1) After reading the story by A.S. Pushkin"The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. The story contrasts two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas about honor. Two officers of the Russian army behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are bearers of two fundamentally different worldviews.
2) The problem of honor and dishonor rises in L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” Honor and dignity are the main qualities of human character, and those who have lost them are alien to any high aspirations and searches. The problem of moral self-improvement of the individual has always been one of the most important in the work of Leo Tolstoy.
3) The poet John Brown received from the Russian Empress Catherine the Enlightenment project, but could not come because I was ill. However, he had already received money from her, so, saving his honor, he committed suicide.
4) During the Titanic disaster Baron Guggenheim gave up his place in the boat to a woman with a child, and he himself carefully shaved and accepted death with dignity.
5) One of Stalin's prisoners camps recounted such an incident in his memoirs. The guards, wanting to have fun, forced the prisoners to do squats. Confused by beatings and hunger, people began to obediently carry out this ridiculous order. But there was one person who, despite the threats, refused to obey. And this act reminded everyone that a person has honor that no one can take away.
6) One traveler talked about how the Eskimos gave him a large bunch of dried fish. Hurrying to the ship, he forgot her in the tent. Returning six months later, he found this bundle in the same place. The traveler learned that the tribe had experienced a difficult winter, people were very hungry, but no one dared to touch someone else's property, for fear of injuring themselves. dishonorable act anger of higher powers.
1) During the second World War the Germans persuaded a criminal to commit a big monetary reward play a role famous hero Resistance. He was put in a cell with the arrested underground members so that he could learn from them all the necessary information. But the criminal, feeling the care of strangers, their respect and love, suddenly abandoned the pitiful role of an informer, did not give out the information he had heard from the underground fighters, and was shot.
2) Betrayal in at all times it was considered a vile act, dishonoring the honor of a person. So, for example, to the provocateur who betrayed the members of Petrashevsky’s circle to the police (among those arrested was great writer F. Dostoevsky), they promised to give him a well-paid job as a reward. But, despite the diligent efforts of the police, all the St. Petersburg mayors refused the services of the traitor.
3) Czech hockey player M. Nova, as the best player on the team, was given a latest model Toyota. He asked to be paid the cost of the car and divided the money among all team members.
4) Famous revolutionary G. Kotovsky was sentenced to death by hanging for robbery. The fate of this extraordinary man worried the writer A. Fedorov, who began to work for pardon for the robber. He achieved the release of Kotovsky, and he solemnly promised the writer to repay him with kindness. A few years later, when Kotovsky became a Red commander, this writer came to him and asked him to save his son, who was captured by the security officers. Kotovsky, risking his life, rescued the young man from captivity.
1) Ardent love for the Motherland, We feel pride in its beauty in the works of the classics.
The theme of heroic deeds in the fight against the enemies of the Motherland is also heard in M. Yu. Lermontov’s poem “Borodino”, dedicated to one of the glorious pages of the historical past of our country.
2) The theme of the Motherland is raised in the works of S. Yesenin. Whatever Yesenin wrote about: about experiences, about historical turning points, about the fate of Russia in the “harsh, formidable years” - every Yesenin image and line is warmed by a feeling of boundless love for the homeland: But most of all. Love for the native land
3) Famous writer told the story of the Decembrist Sukhinov, who, after the defeat of the uprising, was able to hide from police bloodhounds and, after painful wanderings, finally made it to the border. Another minute and he will be free. But the fugitive looked at the field, the forest, the sky and realized that he could not live in a foreign land, far from his homeland. He surrendered to the police, he was shackled and sent to hard labor.
4) Outstanding Russian singer Fyodor Chaliapin, forced to leave Russia, always carried a box with him. No one had any idea what was in it. Only many years later did relatives learn that Chaliapin kept a handful of his native land in this box. No wonder they say: the native land is sweet in a handful. Obviously, the great singer, who passionately loved his homeland, needed to feel the closeness and warmth of his native land.
5) The Nazis, having occupied France, offered General Denikin, who fought against the Red Army during the Civil War, to cooperate with them in the fight against the Soviet Union. But the general responded with a sharp refusal, because his homeland was more valuable to him than political differences.
6) African slaves, taken to America, yearned for native land. In despair, they killed themselves, hoping that the soul, having thrown off the body, could fly home like a bird.
7) The most terrible Punishment in ancient times was considered to be the expulsion of a person from a tribe, city or country. Outside your home is a foreign land: a foreign land, a foreign sky, a foreign language. There you are all alone, there you are nobody, a creature without rights and without a name. That is why leaving one’s homeland meant losing everything for a person.
8) To an outstanding Russian hockey player V. Tretyak was offered to move to Canada. They promised to buy him a house and pay him big salary. Tretyak pointed to the sky and earth and asked: “Will you buy this for me too?” Answer famous athlete led everyone into confusion, and no one ever returned to this proposal.
9) When in the middle In the 19th century, an English squadron besieged the capital of Turkey, Istanbul, and the entire population stood up to defend their city. Townspeople destroyed their own houses if they prevented Turkish cannons from conducting aimed fire at enemy ships.
10) One day the wind decided to fell the mighty oak tree that grew on the hill. But the oak only bent under the blows of the wind. Then the wind asked majestic oak: “Why can’t I defeat you?”
11) Oak answered that it’s not the trunk that’s holding him up. Its strength lies in the fact that it is rooted in the ground and clings to it with its roots. This simple story expresses the idea that love for the homeland, a deep connection with national history, with the cultural experience of ancestors makes a people invincible.
12) When over England When the threat of a terrible and devastating war with Spain loomed, the entire population, hitherto torn apart by enmity, rallied around its queen. Merchants and nobles equipped the army with their own money, and people of ordinary rank enlisted in the militia. Even the pirates remembered their homeland and brought their ships to save it from the enemy. And the “invincible armada” of the Spaniards was defeated.
13) Turks during During their military campaigns they captured boys and young men as prisoners. Children were forcibly converted to Islam and turned into warriors called Janissaries. The Turks hoped that the new warriors, deprived of spiritual roots, having forgotten their homeland, brought up in fear and obedience, would become a reliable stronghold of the state.
The role of example. Human education
1) The works teach courage and resilience. The topic of the Great Patriotic War occupies an important place in literature. The writer often turns to this period of history. The story “Sotnikov”, written by Vasil Bykov, is one of best works about war. After going through difficult trials, the main characters fall into the clutches of the Germans. Sotnikov is a modest, inconspicuous person, a simple teacher. But, being sick and weak, he went on an important task. Exhausted by torture, he remains unbroken. The source of Sotnikov’s courage and heroism was the conviction in the justice of the struggle waged by the people. This work teaches us courage and courage, helps our moral development.
2) “Teaching” by Vladimir Monomakh. Already in chronicle sources, problems of education were given enormous influence: the “Instruction” speaks of eternal moral values, about love for the homeland, respect for elders, the need for kindness, loyalty...
3) Many people are inclined Blame unfavorable conditions for everything: family, friends, lifestyle, rulers. But it is precisely struggle, overcoming difficulties that is the most important condition for full-fledged spiritual formation. It is no coincidence that folk tales true biography The hero's journey begins only when he passes the test (fights a monster, saves a stolen bride, obtains a magic item).
4) And A. Goncharov. "Oblomov". One of the most important parts of the novel reveals the problems of upbringing: “Oblomov’s Dream” shows how the atmosphere of laziness, unwillingness to work and think disfigures the soul of a child.
5) M. Yu. Lermontov. "Hero of our time". The lack of a goal in life and the habit of working form a “superfluous person,” a “reluctant egoist.” Pechorin himself realizes his selfishness and admits that he brings misfortune to everyone. This is how his upbringing made him.
Theme of the historical past
Theme of the historical past Pushkin was constantly worried about his homeland both as a poet and as a prose writer. He created such works as "Song of prophetic Oleg", "Borodin Anniversary", "Poltava". "The Bronze Horseman". "Boris Godunov". "The History of the Pugachev Rebellion" and, of course, "The Captain's Daughter". All these works describe different historical events, different historical eras
The theme of the triumph of Russian weapons, the heroism of the Russian people, the winner and liberator, resounds dazzlingly and powerfully in works dedicated to Patriotic War 1812. In the seventh chapter of "Eugene Onegin", the feat of Moscow is glorified.
Human responsibility for the lives of others
Thus, in Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” The question of man's moral responsibility to history is especially acute.
Feelings of guilt and responsibility for those around him rises in works about the Great Patriotic War. For example, in A. Tvardovsky’s poem “I know, it’s not my fault. » lyrical hero asks a rhetorical question: could he have saved those who did not come from the war? Of course not, but the feeling of guilt does not leave the hero and the author.
Self-sacrifice in the name of love for one's neighbor(*)
1) F. M. Dostoevsky"Crime and Punishment" ."Sonechka, Sonechka Marmeladova, eternal Sonechka, while the world stands!” - a symbol of self-sacrifice in the name of one’s neighbor and endlessly “inexorable” suffering.
2) A.I.Kuprin in the story “Garnet Bracelet” understands love as a miracle, as a wonderful gift. The death of the official brought back to life a woman who did not believe in love, which means that love still conquers death.
3) M. Gorky the legend of "Danko". Danko sacrificed himself to save people. Danko's feat is similar to the feat of Prometheus, who stole fire for people, but suffered a terrible punishment for this. This feat of Danko should serve as a reminder to new generations of what a real person should be.
4) One from books dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, a former siege survivor recalls that his life, as a dying teenager, was saved during a terrible famine by an elderly neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front. “I’m already old, and you’re young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved retained a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.
5) Tragedy occurred in the Krasnodar region. A fire started in a nursing home where sick old people lived who could not even walk. Nurse Lidia Pashentseva rushed to help the disabled. The woman pulled several sick people out of the fire, but could not get out herself.
Compassion and mercy. Sensitivity
From M. A. Sholokhov There is a wonderful story “The Fate of a Man.” It tells the story of the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person strength to live, strength to resist fate.
Callous and soulless attitude towards a person (Indifferent attitude..)
In January 2006 A terrible fire occurred in Vladivostok. The premises of a savings bank, which was located on the eighth floor of a high-rise building, caught fire. The boss demanded that the employees first hide all documents in a safe and then evacuate. While the documents were being removed, a fire engulfed the corridor, and many girls died.
During the recent During the war in the Caucasus, an incident occurred that caused justifiable indignation in society. A wounded soldier was brought to the hospital, but the doctors refused to admit him, citing the fact that their institution belonged to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the soldier belonged to the Ministry of Defense. While they were looking for the necessary medical unit, the wounded man died.
Can the Internet and television replace books?
Books and the Internet are two independent types of culture. It should be taken into account that the book is the oldest form of culture, and the Internet is only a few decades old. Therefore, the Internet will not only not supplant, but, on the contrary, in my opinion, it will strengthen and return interest in the book. Although, undoubtedly, some people now read literature only from the screen. I would characterize the relationship between books and the Internet as brothers and enemies.
Most likely, the book and the Internet will exist together, complementing each other. Another question is whether there will be more digital or paper literature. It seems to me that the book, a fiction book, will retain its position. It largely depends on the perception of the texts. I judge by myself. I can’t read texts from the screen: I can’t fully immerse myself in art world; The screen is distracting and prevents you from concentrating.
No. Because a book is something exquisite. A person’s love for a book, for a library, will not disappear. I would like to note that although book circulation is falling, the quality of printing is getting better. The book is at least pleasant to hold in your hands.
M. A Bulgakov"Master and Margarita". Woland is the embodiment of evil, Yeshua is the bearer of the idea of good, but evil and good separately do not make sense: Woland the devil says that he is part of evil, which, unwillingly, brings good.
A.S. Pushkin in the tragedy “Boris Godunov” accurately identified and showed folk character. Eternally dissatisfied with the existing government, people are ready to rise up to destroy it and rebel, instilling terror in the rulers—and that’s all. And as a result, they themselves remain offended, since the fruits of their victory are enjoyed by the boyars and high-born nobles standing at the throne of the sovereign.
The people have only one thing left to do - “keep silent.”
In the work I. Ilf and E. Petrov “Twelve Chairs”. Lexicon the heroine of this novel, Ellochka Shchukina, was only thirty words. And although she did not feel the need to use any other words, her speech pattern undoubtedly suffered greatly.
One more an example could be ancient Greek orator Demosthenes. For many years he worked on his speech portrait, facial expressions, gestures, because his weak voice and short breathing did not allow him to realize his dream of becoming a speaker. Demosthenes trained to speak with the sound of waves, with pebbles in his mouth, and eventually was able to eliminate the shortcomings of his speech and become a true professional in his field, who left a bright mark on history. This happened precisely thanks to him attentive attitude to your speech portrait.
The problem of heredity and self-formation
In Russian literature and in life we so reverence the image of Lefty in Leskov’s work. Without learning the craft anywhere, he managed to shoe a flea without a microscope. There is no doubt that he developed his talent himself. Nobody told Lefty that his genotype contained or, on the contrary, did not contain such talent.
I also wanted I would like to remember the Paralympic Games. Disabled people, seemingly limited by nature in mobility, find the strength to play sports and set records. This is the clearest proof that everyone is capable of self-formation and self-development, that not everything in human life is determined by heredity.
Memory retention problem
Memory of the past They store not only household items and jewelry, but also, for example, letters, photographs, and documents. In the story “The Last Bow” by V.P. Astafiev There’s a chapter called “The Photograph That I’m Not in.” The hero talks about how a photographer came to a rural school, but due to illness he was unable to take pictures. The teacher brought Vitka a photograph. Many years passed, but the hero saved this photo, despite the fact that he was not in it. He looks at her and remembers his classmates, thinks about their destinies. As the hero says, “village photography is a unique chronicle of our people, its wall history.”
Let's remember the hero A.I. Kuprina Zheltkova from the work “Garnet Bracelet”. He gives Princess Vera Nikolaevna, his beloved, a family jewel, a garnet bracelet, which he inherited from his mother. Zheltkov sacredly protects him and decides to part with him only before his death.
The problem of human spirituality
Alyoshka, hero story A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day” Ivan Denisovich», is just an example spiritual person. He went to prison because of his faith, but did not abandon it; on the contrary, this young man defended his truth and tried to convey it to other prisoners. Not a single day passed without reading the Gospel, copied into an ordinary notebook.
Man and art. The impact of art on humans
For example, song“Holy War” to the words of V. Lebedev-Kumach, the music of A. Alexandrov raised the soldiers to attack, defending their homeland. It became the musical emblem of the Great Patriotic War. With this song, with its harsh pathos, which absorbed bitterness, pain, and anger, the Russian people, gripped by “noble rage,” went to “mortal combat” and stood shoulder to shoulder in defense of the Motherland.
In the story by E. Nosov"Chopin, sonata number two" music becomes a means of uniting people; mutual understanding develops between Uncle Sasha, a participant in the war, and the orchestra boys. The heavy, beating sounds of suffering, groans, blows - everything that can be heard in the requiem - make the orchestra children realize the meaning and price of victory in the war, because this sonata is in tune with the grief of the entire Russian people.
Human perception of nature as living matter (the influence of nature on the human soul)
Yegorushka, a 9-year-old boy, struck by the beauty of the steppe, humanizes it and turns it into his double: it seems to him that the steppe space is capable of suffering, and rejoicing, and yearning. His experiences and thoughts become not childishly serious, philosophical.
Natasha Rostova, admiring the beauty of the night in Otradnoye, is ready to fly like a bird: she is inspired by what she sees. Andrei Bolkonsky, during a trip to Otradnoye, saw an old oak tree, and the changes that subsequently occurred in the hero’s soul are associated with the beauty and grandeur of the mighty tree.
Fisherman Utrobin caught on a hook huge fish, unable to cope with it. In order to avoid death, he is forced to release her. An encounter with a fish that symbolizes the moral principle in nature forces this poacher to reconsider his ideas about life.
An inextricable connection with the homeland, native land
For Matryona Vasilievna, her house, yard, village have much higher value than the place where you live. For the heroine, this is the meaning of her existence, a part of her life, a memory of the past, of loved ones.
The problem of relationships between people arguments
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What should be the relationship between people?
To attract the attention of readers, the author gives examples of conflicts and disagreements between our nations and countries. Most often this happens due to a lack of mutual understanding between people, he believes. And to prevent this from happening, the author suggests that we be able to understand another person and forgive other people’s mistakes. If we do not forgive, he argues, then such thoughts will have a detrimental effect on us: we will become irritable, we will become sad, and we may even get sick. Therefore, the writer encourages us to forgive people, which will allow us to solve our problems, love and enjoy life.
To prove the validity of my point of view, I will give the following examples from works of fiction. In Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, wounded during the Battle of Borodino, meets Anatoly Kuragin at a dressing station. Having seen his leg amputated, he feels sympathy for the pain and suffering of his opponent, is imbued with compassion for him and forgives him.
I’ll give another example from M. Dostoevsky’s novel “Crime and Punishment.” In the epilogue, the main character of the work, Rodion Raskolnikov, is convicted of his crime and is in prison in Siberia. Sonya Marmeladova, who feels compassion for Raskolnikov, goes to him and visits him often. In hard labor, no one loves him and even hates him. The resurrection of the main character did not begin immediately. Only his illness and Sonya’s illness, the fear of losing her, awakened in him love for her, love for the people around him, and the ability to forgive them. From that moment on, Raskolnikov understands that “life has come”; he has the Gospel under his pillow. And the convicts’ attitude towards him also changed.
Thus, all of the above allows us to conclude that the ability to forgive is one of best qualities human character that can perform miracles in our lives. Unexpected transformations can happen to us from the moment we forgive those with whom we were offended. Let's try to understand the other person and forgive him.
We live in a time when between different countries, nations experience conflicts and disagreements every day. The reason for this is the lack of mutual understanding and compliance. This applies to both the whole people and each of its representatives. After all, interethnic conflicts are often preceded by a lack of mutual understanding between individuals. This means that we all need, first of all, to learn to understand another person, forgive other people’s mistakes, get rid of our own grievances, remembering that the most important law of life is the ability to forgive.
After reading many texts, we found the most popular problems regarding old age. All of them will be useful in writing an essay for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language. The arguments we selected taking into account the specifics of the criteria form the basis of this work. All of them are available for download in table format at the end of the article.
- A.S. Pushkin in his story “The Station Warden” writes about Samson Vyrin, who was abandoned by his daughter Dunya, leaving with a young officer. The old man really missed her and wanted to take care of her, but the kidnapper of his daughter simply pushed the visiting parent out the door. Some time after the death of the caretaker, some lady came to the grave site with three children and lay there for a long time. After that, she gave a nickel to the brewer’s son, who took her there, and left. This was the same Dunya who could not come to terms with the idea that she had ruined her children’s grandfather with her indifference
- K. G. Paustovsky in the story “Telegram” writes about an elderly woman Katerina Petrovna from the distant village of Zaborye. She had only one daughter, who lived in Leningrad, and they did not see each other for three years. The old woman didn’t want to interfere, so she almost didn’t get in touch. Her daughter only occasionally transferred money to her. One day Katerina Petrovna asked Nastya to come, but she didn’t have time: she ended up in the village only on the second day after the funeral. The daughter felt guilty before her mother for her lonely old age, and stealthily left the village so that no one would see.
The role of old age in human life
- The German writer Hermann Hesse wrote in the text “On Old Age” that old age is a new stage in a person’s life. According to the author, people should accept and acknowledge their old age. At this stage you need to do a large number of tasks no less than at a young age. If a person evades them and despises his old age, he will turn out to be an unworthy representative of this stage of life.
- In L. N. Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, the old prince Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky is present. Despite his advanced age, the hero of the work is full vital energy. He works constantly: writes memoirs, does calculations in higher mathematics, gardens, and looks after buildings. In addition, the prince is interested in what is happening in the sphere of politics and the military situation in Russia. Old age does not at all prevent Nikolai Bolkonsky from leading a busy lifestyle.
The problem of perception of old age
- The story by K. G. Paustovsky “The Old Cook” describes an elderly man who is seriously ill, and is fully aware and accepts imminent death. He wants to confess before his death, but does not have the opportunity to invite a priest. Therefore, instead of the worshiper, a simple passer-by comes. He forgives the old cook's sins and even grants him a wish. With the help of music, it helps the dying person see the past. The old man recognizes his name and calmly departs to another world.
- MM. Prishvin in the story " old mushroom” describes an elderly man who talked about old age. One day his friend was called an old mushroom, and he remembered how he went to the forest. There was a russula, from which the birds and the narrator himself drank after the rain. That is, this mushroom was beneficial, and later had to produce seeds in order to produce offspring. The narrator's companion was also useful, despite his old age.
- A.P. Chekhov in the play “ The Cherry Orchard" tells about an old servant named Firs, who loved, respected his masters and served them all his life long life. One day the residents of the house had to move. They were going to send the elderly man to the hospital, but this was far from a priority for them. As a result, the gentlemen left, forgetting Firs alone in the boarded up house. There he died.
- In the novel in verse by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin" mentions the protagonist's uncle, who became seriously ill and was dying. Eugene looked after him, but it was a burden to him, and to himself he thought about how tiring such a pastime was. Onegin dreamed of the patient’s speedy death in order to quickly throw off the burden of responsibility and receive an inheritance. The author conveys the following thought of a young man: “What a base deceit to amuse a half-dead.” However, such thoughts smack of cynicism and reveal the petty and selfish nature of the speaker. We, young and healthy, owe our lives and everything we have to these “half-dead” people.
- In I. A. Bunin’s story “Youth and Old Age” we are talking about a Kurd who told a parable to a handsome Greek. The main idea was that a person should perform only his functions, without wasting his life on earning wealth and protecting it. Then he will remain young mentally, and will be old only in body. Kurd argues that you need to maintain your humanity and dignity, then you won’t become grouchy with age.
Disrespect for older generations
Age inappropriate
Sloppiness in clothing is, first of all, disrespect for the people around you, and also disrespect for yourself. It's not about being dressed smartly.
In dandy clothing there is, perhaps, an exaggerated idea of one's own elegance, and for the most part the dandy is on the verge of the ridiculous. You must dress cleanly and neatly, in the style that suits you best, and depending on your age. Sportswear will not make an old man an athlete if he does not play sports. A “professor’s” hat and a black formal suit are impossible on the beach or in the forest picking mushrooms.
How should we evaluate our attitude towards the language we speak? Language, even more than clothing, testifies to a person’s taste, his attitude towards the world around him, towards himself.
There are various kinds of sloppiness in human language. If a person was born and lives away from the city and speaks his own dialect, there is no sloppiness in this. I don’t know about others, but these are for me local dialects, if they are strictly maintained, you like them. I like their melodiousness, I like them local words, local expressions. Dialects are often an inexhaustible source of enrichment for Russian literary language. Once in a conversation with me, the writer Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov said: “Granite was exported from the Russian North for the construction of St. Petersburg and the word was exported - the word in stone blocks of epics, lamentations, lyrical songs... “Correct” the language of epics - translate it into Russian standards literary language is simply to spoil epics.”
It’s a different matter if a person lives in a city for a long time, knows the norms of the literary language, and retains the forms and words of his village. This may be because he thinks they are beautiful and is proud of them. This doesn't bother me. Let him sing and retain his usual melodiousness. In this I see pride in my homeland - my village. This is not bad, and it does not humiliate a person. It is as beautiful as a now forgotten blouse, but only on a person who has worn it since childhood and is accustomed to it. If he put it on to show off in it, to show that he is “truly country,” then this is both funny and cynical: “Look what I am like: I didn’t give a damn about the fact that I live in the city. I want to be different from all of you!”
Flaunting rudeness in language, as well as flaunting rudeness in manners, sloppiness in clothing, is a very common phenomenon, and it mainly indicates a person’s psychological insecurity, his weakness, and not at all his strength. The speaker tries to suppress in himself with a rude joke, harsh expression, irony, cynicism the feeling of fear, apprehension, sometimes just apprehension. By using rude nicknames from teachers, it is the weak-willed students who want to show that they are not afraid of them. This happens semi-consciously. I'm not even talking about the fact that this is a sign of bad manners, lack of intelligence, and sometimes cruelty. But the same underlying reason underlies any rude, cynical, recklessly ironic expressions in relation to those phenomena Everyday life that somehow injure the speaker. By this, rudely speaking people seem to want to show that they are above those phenomena that they are actually afraid of. The basis of any slang, cynical expressions and swearing is weakness. People who “spit words” demonstrate their contempt for traumatic events in life because they bother them, torment them, worry them, because they feel weak and not protected against them.
A truly strong and healthy, balanced person will not speak loudly unnecessarily, will not swear or use slang words. After all, he is sure that his word is already significant.
Our language is a vital part of our overall behavior in life. And by the way a person speaks, we can immediately and easily judge who we are dealing with: we can determine the degree of intelligence of a person, the degree of his psychological balance, the degree of his possible “complexity” (there is such a sad phenomenon in the psychology of some weak people, but I don’t have the opportunity to explain it now - this is a big and special question).
You need to learn good, calm, intelligent speech for a long time and carefully - listening, remembering, noticing, reading and studying. But even though it is difficult, it is necessary, necessary. Our speech is the most important part of not only our behavior (as I already said), but also our personality, our soul, mind...
(D.S. Likhachev)
Composition
The main problem posed by D.S. Likhachev in this text is the problem of a person’s relationship to language. What role does speech play in creating a person’s image? What is behind rudeness, swearing, cynical expressions? These are the questions the author asks.
This problem is very relevant for our modern life. A careless attitude towards words is typical of the younger generation, who have mastered the language of SMS texts and Internet users. This primitive language is impoverishing spiritual world young people. That is why D.S. Likhachev wants to draw the attention of readers to this problem.
The scientist believes that our language is the most important component of our communication. And a person’s speech often shapes his image in the eyes of others. At the same time, the author does not condemn dialect speech; he understands that this language “does not require correction.” But rudeness, violation literary norms, cynical expressions, unfounded irony - all these phenomena cause sincere indignation of the scientist. He notes that behind all this is not only a lack of education and lack of intelligence, but also the internal weakness of people, their fear, and vulnerability to life’s phenomena. In the finale, he calls on us to “learn good, calm, intelligent speech.”
Text by D.S. Likhacheva is very bright, imaginative, expressive. Revealing his point of view, he uses a variety of means artistic expression: comparison (“it’s as beautiful as a now forgotten blouse”), epithet (“recklessly ironic expressions”), rows homogeneous members(“The speaker strives with a rude joke, harsh expression, irony, cynicism to suppress in himself the feeling of fear, apprehension, sometimes just apprehension”).
Violations of the culture of speech are also explored by K. Chukovsky in his book “Alive as Life. Stories about the Russian language". This writer is very concerned about the rapid development of clericalism in our country and the primitiveness of youth jargon. He also believes that such language simplifies our thinking.
Thus, according to S. Lvov, language is closely connected with our thinking, psychology, and way of life. Language forms a person’s image and reveals it inner world. And here I involuntarily remember the words of Socrates: “Speak so that I can see you.”
Everyone has their own thing to do in this life. In my opinion, the work of any person should be respected, be it the work of a janitor, engineer, musician or scientist. Those who work diligently are worthy of attention and respect.
Disrespectful attitude towards people. This is one of the problems raised by the author in the text.
In our society you can often see disrespectful and uncultured attitudes towards people. People who are too lazy to throw their garbage into the garbage chute leave it in the hallways, making life difficult for themselves and their neighbors. Children who want to buy themselves an expensive gadget demand it from their parents, not realizing how hard it was for them to get the money. Teenagers and adults write on walls with paint, damaging architectural monuments and other people's property.
As a child, the hero disrespected the work of the singer, who later became his beloved. In the orphanage where he used to live, there was a loudspeaker, and one day the singer’s voice was heard in it, which annoyed the boy, and then he pulled the plug of the loudspeaker without anyone’s permission. This act became one of the most shameful in the hero’s life.
Many years later he ended up in Essentuki, where a free symphony concert was held. The musicians tried to explain to the public what they would play and what these works were about, but many listeners did not like it classical works, they behaved rudely, noisily leaving their seats during a musical event: “they left with indignation, shouting, and cursing, as if they had been deceived in their best desires and dreams.” The hero of the work felt shame for the behavior of the vacationers, who did not respect the musicians who “. . They are trying with all their strength, capabilities and talent to convey the composer’s suffering.”
The author is convinced that one cannot be so indifferent and disrespectful towards the work of other people. By showing disrespect to others, we insult them. "Help!. . Well, if you can’t help me, at least help yourself! . »
Authors of both Russian and foreign literature addressed this problem. In the story "Coraline" by Neil Gaiman main character she was dissatisfied with her parents, believed that they paid little attention to her, did not want to help them around the house, or obey them. One day Coraline found a small door in her new house, through which appeared exactly the same world, the same mom and dad. Only instead of eyes they had buttons and they were very kind and caring, they cooked well and were real wizards. The comparison was not in favor real world and Coraline began to spend a long time visiting her new parents. But the truth turned out to be terrible, another world was created by a witch who wanted to lure Coraline and deprive her of the opportunity to communicate with her real parents. At the end of the story, the main character realized that she loves her mom and dad for who they are, and she doesn’t need anyone else.
Also, in the novel “The Martian Chronicles,” Ray Bradbury describes the story of the fascinating discovery, rapid settlement and ruthless robbery of the planet Mars by earthlings. People who arrived from Earth and wanted to populate Mars do not respect the work of the Martians, who built their homes, enriched their culture, developed all the time they lived on the planet, they try to find as much expensive jewelry, precious metals and their deposits as possible, but not in order to help the Martians in their desire to improve the world, but only in order to collect it and take it to Earth, where they can be sold. People disrespect their art, do not enjoy the beautiful architecture and nature that the inhabitants of Mars try to preserve, they only destroy everything in their path in search of expensive loot.
Thus, a person must be judged not only by his own work, but also by how he treats others. The ability to honor the work of other people is something that is worthy of respect.
The question “Who is to blame?” called a purely Russian question, supposedly expressing the special essence of our national character. Pop satirists tirelessly joke about this topic, political strategists thoughtfully philosophize... Everyone has their own answer to the question asked by Herzen. A huge country filled with natural resources has the same enormous intellectual potential. And most of the population languishes in poverty! Why? Who is guilty?
It seems to me that the cause of all our problems is rooted deeper than we imagine: neither humanistic appeals, nor economic reforms, nor the tired promises of a new life can by themselves solve the main thing. It lies in our disrespect for people. We must make man the highest value. We count the gold and foreign exchange reserves, we rejoice when foreign market oil is becoming more expensive, we are proud that we have reduced the inflation rate... So what? What does it matter to an ordinary person? A pensioner lived in a dilapidated hut with an inflation rate of 14 percent, and she lives in the same dilapidated hut with an inflation rate of 9 percent! Such questions cause an arrogant and condescending smile from our respected politicians: they say, comrade does not understand us! No, it is you, separated from reality by a thick wall of macroeconomic considerations, who do not see the microscopic cell of a social organism - a living person. Non-working elevators, frozen buildings, closed doors, indifferent “Wait, we don’t have time” - all these are symptoms of the most terrible social disease - neglect of people. No one thinks about a person when they build a house, launch another rocket into space, and vote for some supposedly fateful decision. They thought about a person just enough so that he could exist as some kind of useful function. And if so, then the person stops caring about those around him, and he does not care about who lives next to him. he considers himself a small detail in a huge state machine, relieves himself of responsibility for cleanliness in the entrance, for order on the street, for the prosperity of the state.
No need for calls! We just need to fix the broken elevator, otherwise how can older people get to the top floor? It is necessary to put a couch in the hospital corridor so that patients do not stand in line, it is necessary to fill the puddle with gravel at the bus stop so that passing cars do not throw mud at passengers... It is necessary that a person never feels humiliated and insulted, then labor productivity will also rise, the level of human well-being and no one will be tormented by the meaningless question “Who is to blame?”
In the text offered to us for analysis Russian writer V. Timofeev poses the problem of disrespect for a person by the state.
Arguing on this topic, the author talks about arrogant politicians who are more concerned about the level of inflation in the state than the poverty of its citizens. With this fragment V.V. Timofeev expresses his contempt for the people who govern the country and do not consider the needs of other people. Also important is the episode in which the author describes the consequences of this indifference: a person “abdicates responsibility ... for order on the street, for the prosperity of the state.” The writer seeks to convey to us the idea that people respond to indifference with indifference, which has a detrimental effect on the entire society.
I completely agree with his opinion. But the opposite is also true: neglect of people and their needs leads to the decline and degradation of the state and society.
An example that confirms my point of view is the novel “The Man from the Office” by the Argentine writer Guillermo Saccomanno. In the world of this work, an unnamed country has unnoticed by everyone turned into hell: destroyed houses are everywhere, the outskirts cannot be distinguished from a landfill, many do not even have a roof over their heads, and no one has been paying attention to the screams and shots for a long time. The authorities don’t want to change anything, and why? Citizens regularly go to work, pay taxes, fulfill the “demographic plan”, and this is the main thing. In such conditions, people themselves stopped trying to change anything, and there was no longer any desire or need to even monitor their actions. Using this example, the author shows us that the government’s indifference and disrespect for people leads to the same attitude on the part of society, and subsequently to general degradation.
The state's ability to satisfy only the fundamental needs of its citizens does not indicate respect for them. This is exactly what the Soviet writer Yevgeny Zamyatin thought about in his novel “We”. In the United State it gives every person almost everything: food, housing, security and comfort, but they don’t have only one thing - the freedom to choose, love and feel. They can no longer be called people - they are biological material. By depriving a person of freedom, they took away his opportunity to be happy. Demonstrating this situation, the writer seeks to convey to us that the state’s disrespect for people and control of their will leads to the complete degradation of a person as an individual.
In conclusion, I would like to say that respect for a person, his rights and needs is, it would seem, such simple thing, but for some reason more and more often we see only indifference. Alone, we will not be able to radically change this situation, but by at least a little independently helping those who need it, we can draw the attention of the “powers that be” to the problems surrounding us, ordinary people.