Attention! If you haven’t taken the dictation yet, but want to do it, first take the test on the website miretno.ru (available until 23:59 on November 5), and only then read how Belgorod residents coped with it.

Kristina Kravtsova, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“The most difficult question for me was about folk crafts, which were considered masculine. At a certain point, women began to master such crafts.

It was necessary to name folk craft, in which she became famous Maria Sycheva. Answer options were given: Dymkovo toy, artistic carving on bone, blackening and brazed filigree. I thought for a long time between the second and third options, I chose the second (in fact, Maria Alekseevna led the Velokoustyug silver blackening artel - editor's note).

There were easy questions at the beginning about the Constitution. She also immediately answered the question about which fortress was defended from June to September 1941. This is, of course, Brest Fortress».

Vladimir Merenkov, Belenergomash worker:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“Questions about modern history of our state. The most difficult ones for me were those associated with the peoples of our country. I don’t know much about all the peoples yet.

You should always engage in self-development, and participation in educational events contributes to this. It is difficult to prepare for an ethnographic dictation: you will never guess what the questions will be about. Intuition and ingenuity are the main helpers.

Last year I had 80 points. Let's see how it works out this time."

Victoria Selikhova, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“It was difficult for me to answer questions about northern peoples, because I know practically nothing about them. The assignments about our region seemed easy, because at the institute we study the traditions of the Belgorod region (the girl is studying to become a director - author's note).

It is very interesting to learn the history of not only your region, but also other places. It seems to me that every person should be educated in this area. It's a shame not to know the history of our country.

To be honest, I didn’t prepare in any way: all I answered was my knowledge. Today I learned a lot of new things about other peoples. So it's a rewarding experience."

Tatyana Yakunina, teacher of folk singing at BSIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“Unfortunately, I didn’t have enough form to participate, but I came to support my students. After the dictation, they shared which questions caused difficulty.

For example, the question about Semyon Dezhnev. Few people know that in Yakutsk there is a monument to his family, which is a symbol of friendship between the Yakuts and Russians. The question states that the head of the family is a Russian pioneer and Cossack, and participants must say his name.

Another difficult question was about folk dances: we mainly study local choreography and get acquainted with the traditions of neighboring regions. We go over the dances of other regions in general terms. Therefore, not everyone was able to answer the question of what kind of circular dance the Lezgins had.”

Ilya Romanov, BelSU student:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“I really like such events: I always participate and test my knowledge. I study at the Faculty of Geography, so I am especially interested.

Fairytale questions seemed easy to me: for example, I had to determine the homeland of the Snow Maiden. I think many people know that this is Kostroma.

There were issues related to the Udmurts and Karelians, about which not many people know anything. But it seems to me that the purpose of the dictation is precisely to introduce such peoples. It would be great if the organizers later published a book that would talk in detail about the topics raised.

It was interesting to work with the tasks: many had hints right in the text of the question. So even a person who is new to the topic had a chance to respond. Of course, 45 minutes is not enough for 30 tasks, I wanted to think a little more. But I hope I did well.”

Alexey Degtyar, student of BSIIK:

Photo by Natalia Malykhina

“Nowadays young people have little interest in the history of the country: students know little, for example, about those peoples who live on Sakhalin.

It was easy for me to answer questions about the Great Patriotic War. Were interesting questions O folk costumes: it was necessary to compare how different peoples dress. I also liked the question about our mythology about Baba Yaga and kikimora. It was difficult for me to determine which people the poems were written about.

I sat on dictation assignments for a long time. I didn’t want to make a lot of mistakes, but I think there are some and the result will be average. All results are anonymous, so it's a knowledge test for yourself."

Recorded by Natalya Malykhina

Do you know what “charki” is? What nationality famous poet Rasul Gamzatov? Or what is it called folk dance Lezgin? So I don’t know, but I went to the “Great Ethnographic Dictation”, which today, November 3, was held at several Tyumen venues. I chose the Information and Library Center of Tyumen State University - I hoped that my native walls would somehow help. I don’t know how I did it yet; the results will become known only on December 12, 2017. But, as for me, the result is disappointing.

The participants in the dictation, as befits a student library, were university teachers and students. Well, me too. And a couple more who wanted to assess their level of ethnographic literacy. Each of those present received three sheets: the first - a test of thirty questions (on federal and regional topics), the second - an answer form, the third - a self-control form for “handwriting” and other notes. Everything about everything – exactly 45 minutes.

The first question – and, as I see it, the first failure: “The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in Russia according to the Constitution...”: 1). The president; 2). State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation; 3). Multinational people RF; 4). Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Well, out of my stupidity, forgetfulness and ignorance, I wrote the first version. It turned out to be the third. A shame.

But to the third question - “Where is the Kizhi Museum-Reserve?” - He answered correctly - in Karelia. Either he knew, or he remembered the endless expanses of the region, or he just hit the sky with his finger. In any case, the answer will be counted.

Question No. 6 is another “failure.” The son of which nation was the enlightener Kayum Nasyri? Eh, Tatars, not Mansi... In the Tatar culture, and in the Mansi culture, I, alas, am not strong.

Tenth question: in what folk craft did Maria Alekseevna Sycheva (Uglovskaya) work - the first woman initiated into the secret of applying patterns from a special alloy on metal? Answer options: A). Dymkovo toy; B). artistic bone carving; IN). Velikoustuzhnoe drawing on silver; G). brazed filigree. And... right on target! Dymkovo toy and artistic carving have nothing to do with metal. There are two answers left, from which one had to choose the correct one. And this is the answer B.

Eighteenth question – fermented milk drink of Russian cuisine: tan, Varenets, yogurt, suorat? Well, it’s easy here – Varenets, of course. Tan is not ours, “yogurt” is generally a dependent word, suorat – what is it? The answer is definitely B. And the answer is correct.

Question No. 28. “Samoyed”, “Dzhigit”, “Kalmyk”, “Yakut” - this is... historical names courts of the Russian navy, and not the names of settlements, as I answered. Moreover, it was possible not to know the answer to this question, but only to pay attention to the quotation marks. Eh, I thought these were words enclosed in signs...

In general, there is no point in checking further - there are two correct answers - and thank you for that. You may say: how can you not know such basic things? It's shameful, no doubt about it. And maybe it’s not shameful, but now I know. The total amount of points that could be scored for completing all tasks is 100, and, God forbid, if I score at least ten. However, I can say with confidence: our Tyumen residents need such dictations.

BY THE WAY

The results of the dictation, correct answers and analysis of errors will be published on the website on Constitution Day, December 12, 2017. Based on the results of the check, recommendations will be formulated in the regions for making changes to ethnography curricula.

Little information has been preserved about the wonderful Russian craftsmen who made gold and silver items decorated with niello for many centuries.

This dictionary contains all the data that could be found in the literature and documentary sources.

about life, everyday life, working conditions of craftsmen from the 17th century to the present day. They are very uneven - much more information is available about the masters of the Golden and Silver Chambers of the Moscow Kremlin, less about silversmiths of the 18th and 19th centuries.

Wherever this turned out to be possible, the names of the masters are associated with their works, the surviving niello items and the place of their storage are indicated.

The dictionary of masters was compiled on the basis of materials available in the literature and archival funds of Moscow and Leningrad.

17th century

Ageev Matvey, Moscow Silver Chamber of Blacksmithing, awarded master. Known in 1681-1700.

In the documents of the Patriarchal State Order, in the census book of Sadovnicheskaya Sloboda for 1687, the place where M. Ageev lived is indicated: “Church Square Nicholas the Wonderworker, that on Vagankovo ​​to the courtyard of the Novgorotsk Metropolitan and to the field... from the Novgorotsk courtyard in the field Slobodka of retired hounds... and from that settlement and from the church square going to Presnya to the right... the courtyard of the Silver Chamber of the master Matvey Ageev, the length is 21 soots . the diameter in the front and rear is 16 fathoms".

M. Ageev performed numerous works with the mob for palace life, about which information has been preserved:

On December 3, 1684, he was given 15 altyns for the mob for three spoons, which he made for the mansion of Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna. On October 27, 1685, he received 5 altyns “for the composition of the mob” for the frame of a “faceted” sword for the Armory. On July 25, 1687, M. Ageev received 16 altyn 4 money for mobile for silver vessels for the palace church of St. Catherine. He “brought in” the mob together with Ivan Yakovlev.

On April 24, 1690, he “led the mob” to three silver spoons in the mansion of Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna and received 45 altyns per spoon.

In August of the same year, he made two silver niello spoons for the mansion of Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna, a niello spoon and three buckles for the royal clothes.

On March 11, it was ordered to give M. Ageev 23 altyns 2 money for gold and niello for a silver spoon in the mansion of Princess Natalia Alekseevna.

In 1691, M. Ageev received a salary of 10 rubles a year, feed money of 6 money a day, and bread - rye and oats - 7 cheti - one and a half chetyr. (A quarter or a quarter is a measure of bulk solids. In the 17th century different years was equal to about 6-8 poods, that is, 96-128 kilograms. Chetverik is equal to 1/8 of a quarter.) On April 17, 1691, 2 rubles 16 altyns 4 money were allocated for the niello “of the Silver Chamber to the masters of niello matters, Matvey Ageev and his comrades” for the manufacture of various small silver objects with niello and a mirror machine for the mansion of Queen Evdokia Fedorovna.

22 altyns for two silver niello spoons for Tsarina Praskovya Feodorovna and for “pants” buckles for the Workshop Chamber.

On October 4, 1696, by royal decree, M. Ageev was given 3 altyns and 2 money for the mob in addition to a silver spoon in the mansion of Princess Sophia Alekseevna.

In February 1700, after the abolition of the Silver Chamber, he was dismissed from the salaried masters.

His works are in the GOP collection: Gospel frames (two) for palace churches, made together with D. Kuzmin and others in 1681, and a large silver holy water bowl with a lid, with niello patterns, 1695. On the bowl there is an inscription: “And the master Matvey Ageev made the sovereign’s Silver Chambers from bare efimkas.”

Besekirsky Philip, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing.

In January 1681 he was summoned from Smolensk. He received a salary of 10 rubles a year and 12 quarters of feed - rye bread and oats.

Bulgakov Ivan Known in 1622-1624. In April 1622, together with V. Malosolets, he made silver carved buttons with niello. In May of the same year, he made a gold “rim” carved with niello for the royal damask helmet (“musatik*”).

On September 14, 1624, he was ordered, together with V. Malosolets and I. Gorodchenin, to make “a golden wedge-shaped body cap for the cross, the finials carved with niello.”

Varfolomeev Semyon, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1680-1687. In 1680 he was a student of the Silver Chamber, a goldsmith. In 1682 - master. He made silver niello frames for twelve niello frames from walrus bone, for which he received 94 spools of “Efimka” silver (i.e., 82-carat silver). In 1687, among 19 masters, he was sent to Sevsk “for sovereign affairs.” This year he received a salary of 10 rubles and daily food of 6 money a day.

Vlasov Pavel, Moscow Silver Chamber master.

On February 28, 1622, he was given 20 spools of gold and ordered to make “two gold bells carved with niello” for sending to Constantinople.

Ganka, Moscow carving and blacksmith master.

On May 15, 1622, he was ordered to make fifteen silver buttons, carved with niello, for the royal clothes.

Grigoriev Semyon (Senka), Moscow Silver Chamber stern master. On July 17, 1623, he was given the opportunity to make silver buttons, carved with niello, for the royal clothes.

Ivanov Zakhar, Moscow Silver Chamber master.

Ivanov Petr, Moscow Silver Chamber of Blacksmithing, awarded master. Known in 1686-1709. In the documents of the Patriarchal State Order, in the census book of Sadovnicheskaya Sloboda for 1687, the place where Pyotr Ivanov lived is indicated: “from the Presnya River on the Clay Pits of the settlement... the courtyard of the Silver Chamber of the master Pyotr Ivanov, the length is 9 ½ fathoms, across at the front end 6 sazhen, in the back also" In 1687, he was sent among 19 craftsmen to Sevsk - for the sovereign's silver work. He received a salary of 10 rubles a year, without food. He performed a lot of work for palace life.

In 1686, he made silver niello frames for four amber crosses, a silver “with Tour niello” stand and glass for the mansion of Princess Feodosia Alekseevna and garters for Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich. In 1687, he made a silver and niello frame for a cleaver for the Armory, and received 6 altyn 4 money for the niello. In 1690 he made a silver spoon with niello for the mansion of Princess Natalya Alekseevna.

In 1696, together with Vasily Kononov, he drew up an estimate for the work of silver and niello scabbards for two camp cleavers. On February 2, 1697, P. Ivanov was ordered to make silver niello frames for 24 handles for table knives and forks. From March 27, 1691, P. Ivanov received a salary of 10 rubles a year, feed - 6 money per day, bread - rye and oats - "7 quarters, half two quarters each." After the reduction of the staff of masters of the Silver Chamber in February 1700, Pyotr Ivanov was fired and worked in the Silver Row.

His works: in the GOP collection - a ladle from 1689 (with the signature of the master), cups from 1704 and 1708; in the collection of the State Historical Museum - cups from 1702, 1703 and without a date; hanging inkwell with peppercorn; in the Gorkovsky collection art museum- glass of 1709.

Kononov Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber blacksmith, student of Osip Astrakhan.

Known from 1678-1700. From 1678-1686 he worked as a student. In 1686, he received 5 rubles for instruments and began working separately from his teacher. During my apprenticeship I received 6 money a day as daily food. He had a yard in Bronnaya Sloboda, on taxable land: “twins on blind basements, a canopy, a fence with a gate, everything was dilapidated.”

In 1686 he made a silver niello border for a large silver lamp in the Cathedral of the Novo-Devichy Convent. He was given 10 altyns for the mob.

In 1687 he made monk evangelists for the Gospel salary in the palace church of St. Catherine. He received 10 altyns for the rabble.

In 1689-1691 he received a salary of 35 rubles per year

31 altyn 4 money. In 1690 he made a silver chernevoy stud for the mansion of Queen Marfa Matveevna.

In December 1691, V. Kononov, T. Kostrikin and other craftsmen were given 2 rubles, 16 altyns, 4 money for various silver and niello works in the mansion of Queen Natalya Kirillovna.

In 1692, together with P. Ivanov, he drew up an estimate for the work of silver and niello frames for the scabbards of two camp cutlasses.

In 1700, due to the abolition of the Silver Chamber, he was fired. His works are large silver lamps in the Museum of the Novo-Devichy Convent, made in 1686-1687 together with I. Yakovlev.

Kostrikin Timofey, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1683-1700.

In 1683, he was given 5 rubles to buy 134 tools for silversmithing. On May 20, T. Kostrikin “and his comrades” made an estimate for the mob, which needed to be “supplied” for three bags (“gamaleikas”) in the mansion of Tsarevich Pyotr Alekseevich and demanded 30 altyn. Kostrikin had to “name the herbs different and cut out and arrange with the mob” three bags (“gamaleikas.”)

In 1687-1690 he received a salary of 10 rubles a year and feed of 6 money per day. From March 27, 1691, he received only feed money of 10 rubles 31 altyn 4 per year, but did not receive a cash salary.

In 1700 he was dismissed from the Silver Chamber.

Kutnev Maxim Semenov, Moscow Silver Chamber of ship and blacksmith craftsman. Known in 1676-1700.

In 1676-1677 he was accepted into the Silver Chamber as a feed master. According to the testimony of the masters Fyodor Mikulaev "and his comrades" Kutnev "skilled against the master Mikhail Mikhailov", so he was assigned a salary of 10 rubles a year and "bread - rye and oats for 12 rubles each."

In 1687, among 10 masters, he was sent to Sevsk “for the sovereign’s silver work.” He worked in the Silver Chamber until 1700.

Malosolets Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber master, known in 1622-1624.

On April 2, 1622, he was ordered to make silver buttons with niello and carvings together with Ivan Bulgakov.

On June 20 of the same year he made “a carved gold flask with niello and stone for the sovereign’s battle watch,” for which he received 2 hryvnia in gold.

On April 16, 1624, Vasily Malosolets was given gold to gild thirty-four silver nails “carved with niello” that he had made. He began making these nails on October 30, 1623. On September 14, 1624, “it was ordered to make a gold cap, wedge-shaped, solid to the cross, carved finials with niello,” made by V. Malosolets, I. Bulgakov and I. Gorodikin. The weight of the chain is ½ hryvnia.

Mikulaev Fedor, Moscow Silver Chamber of minted and blacksmith master. Known in 1663-1680. Student of the Greek masters I. Yuryev and L. Konstantinov. He lived in the courtyard on Pankratievskaya Street behind the Sretensky Gate. Admitted to the Silver Chamber in 1663 as a feed master.

In 1664, he received a salary of 10 rubles a year, bread - rye and oats - 24 rubles.

On March 24, 1665, he was awarded 5 rubles for the fact that he “was an apprentice of the Tsaregorod residents of Ivan Yuryev and Leonty Konstantinov and learned the blacksmith trade and made a black octagonal plate for the great sovereign’s tray.” His students in 1676 were Semyon Panteleev Masalitin, in 1677 - Mikula Andreev, in 1679 - Ivan Yakovlev.

Mikhailov Mikhail, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1664-1685.

In October 1664, he was sent together with A. Pavlov to study gold and silversmithing from the Greek masters I. Yuryev and L. Konstantinov. His salary was 10 money per day.

On October 13, he was given a fur coat, hat and boots. On July 3, 1665, he was awarded 4 arshins of cloth from the state order for the fact that he “learned silver niello work from the Tsaregorod residents and made ... for Tsarevich Simeon Alekseevich a beaver with a niello cover and gilded it,”

From December 31, 1655, he was given a salary of 10 rubles a year and 24 rubles of bread - "rye and oats."

On March 14, 1670, M. Mikhailov was instructed to “make... for the Armory, for the new mirrors, a silver gilded with niello carved armament - 6 buckles, the same number of tips, 12 pins, 700 nails (500 large articles and 200 smaller ones).” He had to do it “armed” to the dog’s example. On July 17, 1676, M. Mikhailov and A. Pavlov made silver and niello frames for four stone handles of forks in the mansion of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich. In April 1677, M. Mikhailov made silver gilded with niello eight parts of the frame for “German wood machines for pistol barrels” by Philip Timofeev and for them “four tubes, two muzzles and two heels” weighing 9 spools. The frames were made “as a tray” for the sovereign for the Easter holiday. On May 30 of the same year, he received 4 1/3 arshins of Karmazin cloth “for the many works that he and his comrades did - silver frames with niello for the saddles of the great sovereign.”

In January 1680, together with masters S. Chekalin and

A. Pavlov made from 1 pound of silver church vessels “with the Turk niello”, a water-blessing cup and a setting for the Gospel - for the monastery of Nile of Stolbensky.

In 1682, he received a salary of 15 rubles a year and bread - "rye and oats - 15 rubles each."

On February 4, 1682, he was ordered to “quickly” make a “silver bridle frame and set it with rabble” to the stables. On April 8 of the same year, together with A. Pavlov and Iv. Yakovlev received 4 rubles 20 altyns for the mobile for three silver saddle frames, one for a bridle and two for sabers, which were made “as a tray” for the sovereign for the Easter holiday.

On April 13, 1682, M. Mikhailov made four circles with “finials”, “tied with Tours niello” weighing 22 ½ spools, into the royal mansions.

His works in the GOP collection include a silver table with niello, which he made together with A. Pavlov in 1685 for Princess Sofia Alekseevna.4

Nekrasov Boris, Moscow Silver Chamber master of carving and blacksmithing. Known in 1622-1624.

On June 2, 1622, he was ordered to make a silver “spoon” spoon, a chased spoon, and another carved with niello.

Pavlov Andrey, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1663-1685. Student of master P. Fedorov and Greek masters I. Yuryev and L. Konstantinov. In 1680 he lived in the Pankratyevskaya Sloboda behind the Sretensky Gate, in the courtyard of the master Fyodor Mikulaev, who was paid off for debts. Later, this courtyard was given to Prince D. Kuchumov, and Andrei Pavlov and two comrades were forced to “stagger between the courtyards.”

On December 1, 1663, A. Pavlov was admitted to the Silver Chamber, as a student of Polykarp Fedorov. Salary received 4 money per day. In October 1664, he was sent, together with M. Mikhailov, to study with the Tsaregrad masters who were working at that time in the Silver Chamber. He received a salary of 10 money a day. On August 9, 1666, he was given 4 arshins of cloth to Karmazin from the state order for having learned blacksmithing from the Greek masters. As a foreman, A. Pavlov received a salary of 8 rubles a year, feed 6 rubles per day, bread - “rye and oats” - 12 rubles per day. On July 7, 1676, together with M. Mikhailov, he made silver and niello frames for the stone handles of forks in the mansions of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich.

In 1677, also with M. Mikhailov, he made silver niello frames for the royal saddles. On February 5, 1677, he received two hryvnias “to the sovereign’s saddle frame for the composition of the mob, for the purchase of lead, hot sulfur, and a pound of red copper.”

In 1682, A. Pavlov received a salary of 15 rubles a year and bread - "rye and oats - 15 rubles each."

On April 8, 1682, together with M. Mikhailov and I. Yakovlev, he received 4 rubles 20 altyns for mobile for three silver saddle frames, one bridle and two for sabers, which were made “as a tray” for the sovereign for the Easter holiday.

His works in the GOP collection include a silver and niello tableau, which he made in 1685 together with M. Mikhailov for Princess Sofia Alekseevna.

Pestrikov Tretyak, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1617-1624. Sometimes I worked with my son.

In 1622, Pestrikov, by royal decree, made a figure of a “falling ox” with gold forged legs, head and holders. "Signatures and frames and descents carved with niello." In 1624, for the christening of Prince Yakov Cherkassy, ​​he made a golden cross vest “with niello and stone” weighing 5 spools. In July of the same year, Tretyak Pestrikov and his son were commissioned to make a golden ladle with precious stones, pearls and carved with niello and with “cutting” overhead “cloaks”.

On August 17, together with Ivan Popov, I made gold beads with carvings and niello for the diadem. He made eight of them “kiot” and four round (the rest were made by Popov).

His works in the GOP collection include a gold ladle from 1624 with niello, pearls and precious stones, which he made together with his son.

Popov Dmitry, Moscow Silver Chamber master, known in 1624-1645.

In 1624 he made two gold frames carved with niello for two damask helmets (“musatkas”).

In 1645 he was mentioned among the craftsmen brought to the “kissing of the cross”.

Popov Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1619-1637.

On September 11, 1622, he was ordered to make a gold cross-vest with niello and a “worm-shaped yacht” (i.e., a ruby) at the top, weighing “eight spools minus four money.” On December 4 of the same year, he was ordered to remove the old frame from the “carnelian wine glass” and make a new gold frame with carvings and niello. On July 5, 1624, Ivan Popov was ordered to make a golden ladle with stones, pearls and applied “cloaks” with niello and carvings with Afanasy Stepanov.

On August 17 of the same year, Ivan Popov received an order to make five gold beads with carvings and niello for the diadem (the remaining 12 beads were made by T. Pestrikov).

On March 24, 1635, Popov was given 4 efimkas weighing 25 1/3 spools for buttons for the royal plant, which he had to make “from a sample, with rabble.”

His works in the GOP collection include a gold ladle from 1624 with niello, pearls and precious stones, which he made together with Afanasy Stepanov.

Semenov (Simeonov) Afanasy (Ofonka) Ivanov, Moscow Silver Chamber master, Astrakhan mounted archer. Known in 1662-1664.

In June 1662, a decree was sent to the Astrakhan voivode ordering him to “find and send to Moscow” “for eternal life” with his wife and children the silver and goldsmith Ofonka Ivanov, about whom information was received in Moscow that he was “doing all kinds of silver and gold blacksmithing." It was ordered to announce A. Semenov’s “salary to the great sovereign”, to give him “no skimp on carts for his journey, for him with his wife and children” and “for his workshop gear” and urgently send it to Moscow.

In the Silver Chamber, A. Semenov made a silver frame with niello for the saber, declaring that “I don’t know how to do other carved and chased things.”

On May 20, 1664, B. M. Khitrovo listened to the petition of A. Semenov, who asked to be released back, since he was “weak due to epilepsy.” A. Semenov was released to Astrakhan, to his former service as a mounted archer. He was given 10 rubles for the journey.

Semenov Stepan, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. He studied blacksmithing from Greek masters. On November 5, 1666, he received a caftan, a fur coat and boots “for poverty.”

Timofeev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master. Known in 1623-1624.

On September 18, 1623, he was given the opportunity to make a “bulk” buckle and three rings and gold fasteners carved with niello for a damask helmet (“musatik”).”

Timofeev Trofim, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing and carving, son of the Silver Chamber of the awarded master of carving and chasing from Nizhny Novgorod Timofey Petrov. Known in 1680-1700.

In 1680, he was admitted to the Silver Chamber “for the work of his father” and was entitled to a salary of 11 rubles a year and bread - rye and oats - 13 rubles each.

On February 5, 1682, he was instructed to “bring the Russian mob” the evangelists to the silver setting of the Gospel, made in the Silver Chamber “into the desert of the Reverend Father Nile of Stolbensky.” T. Timofeev demanded 6 altyn 4 money for the composition of the “Russian” mob.

In 1685, T. Timofeev received 10 altyns for mobile “for the church silver vessels” that he made for the palace church of Peter and Paul.

In 1687, on January 29, he was given 10 altyns to decorate with niello a silver case for a golden cross in the mansion of Princess Ekaterina Alekseevna.

Since 1691, he received a salary and feed money per year of 20 rubles 31 altyn 4 money and bread - rye and oats - "7 times half and two quarters."

He worked in the Silver Chamber until its abolition in February 1700.

Fedorov Anton, Moscow silversmith, Turkish. Mentioned in 1659.

Fedoseev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1684-1691.

In 1684-1686 - student of the Silver Chamber. In 1684, on November 18, he received 6 altyn 4 money for mobile for the silver frames of two scabbards, which he made for the mansion of Tsarevich Peter Alekseevich. On October 2, 1686, I. Fedoseev received 10 altyns for mobile to the silver bettor in the mansion of Princess Sofia Alekseevna.

In 1687, he was sent to Sevsk among 19 masters “for the sovereign’s silversmiths.”

He received a salary of 10 rubles a year and 6 rubles a day in food.

In 1691, due to staff reductions, I. Fedoseev was dismissed from the Silver Chamber.

Chekalo Bartholomew Kuzmin, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1669-1687.

He received a salary of 10 rubles a year, bread - rye and oats - 15 rubles each.

In 1677, for “a lot of work” together with M. Mikhailov on frames with niello for saddles, he was awarded crimson cloth (4 ½ arshins).

In 1680, V. Chekalo and A. Pavlov made niello frames for scabbards for 20 damask sabers, of which 10 frames with “armor herbs” and 10 smooth frames. Buckles, harnesses and tips for scabbards were made for these sabers.

In 1681, together with D. Kuzmin, he received 23 altyns

2 money “for the composition of the mob for guidance” on the frame boards of the three Gospels in the palace churches of the “Image Not Made by Hands” and “Resurrection”.

In 1684, V. Chekalo received 6 altyn 4 money for the mob “to the silver bettor... who makes the mansion... of Princess Natalya Alekseevna.”

In 1686, he received 16 altyn 4 money for the mob “for the business of the mansion keeper... of Princess Feodosia Alekseevna and for two knives with silver frames.”

On March 21, 1687, he received 5 altyns for the mob to work on a silver paten for the palace church of St. Catherine.

On March 25 of the same year, V. Chekalo received 2 rubles for the purchase of tools (“saw German rilts*) and for the composition of the niello - “for a pound of red copper 4 altyns, two pounds of hot sulfur - 2 altyns; for two pounds of lead there are 2 altyns." He was instructed to make "saddle frames with niello" for the sovereign.

Yakovlev Vasily, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1663-1687. Since 1677, he received a salary of 10 rubles a year and bread - rye and oats - "12 rubles each." In 1687 - 15 rubles per year and daily feed at 6 money per day.

Yakovlev Ivan, Moscow Silver Chamber master of blacksmithing. Known in 1679-1687. Student of Fyodor Mikulaev.

On December 14, 1679, Oda was admitted to the Silver Chamber as a master. In 1680, he was given a salary of 10 rubles a year, rye and oats “12 rubles each” and was given 5 rubles for tools.

In December 1681, together with D. Kuzmin and “his comrades”, he “directed the mob to the silver plaques for the evangelists”, to the setting of the Gospel in the palace church of St. Evdokia and the Cathedral of the Holy Image of the Savior.

On March 30, 1682, I. Yakovlev received a pound of “Efimka” silver “for the purpose of two silver cups with Tursky niello.” On April 8 of the same year, he was given 5 altyns “for the composition of the mob... to bring two silver cups” to the royal mansions. At the same time, he, together with M. Mikhailov and A. Pavlov, received 4 rubles 20 altyns for the mobile “for aiming” for three saddle frames, one bridle frame and two saber frames “for the tray” for the sovereign for the Easter holiday.

On October 4, 1684, master I. Yakovlev was given 1 ruble of money for the mob “for the cause of a silver mug for Princess Sofia Alekseevna.”

On March 21, 1685, he received 16 altyn 4 money for the composition of the mob “to guide the mob to the mansion of Emperor Peter Alekseevich.”

On July 25 of the same year, I. Yakovlev, together with M. Ageev, received 1 ruble 16 altyn 4 money for the mob, for church vessels in the palace church of St. Catherine".

His works in the Museum of the former Novo-Devichy Convent are two large silver and niello lamps from 1686-1687, made by him together with V. Kononov.

XVIII century

Andreev Petr Grigoriev

Arefiev Andrey, Vologda silversmith and blacksmith. In 1798, he made a silver frame with niello beads and carved ornaments for the house Gospel of the landowner Semyon Brianchaninov. The Gospel is kept in the Vologda Regional Museum of Local Lore. On the first sheet there is an inscription in ink with the name of the master.

Belkov Alexey Prokopyev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Born in 1783.

Belkov Vasily Prokopyev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Born in 1755. Died in 1810.

Belkov Prokopiy Timofeev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Died in 1805.

Buravkin Nikita Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug merchant, master of silver and ferrous work of the first half of the XVIII century. In 1774 he lived in the city of Soli Vychegda.

Bushkovsky Fedor Klimov, Veliky Ustyug master of silver, carving and blacksmithing. Born in 1778. Died between 1834 and 1836. Known as a master from 1795-1834. In 1823-1825 he was a craftsman. He had many students and also employed hired labor. One of the best masters of its time.

His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - needle cases, spoons, a mug, a snuff box; in the SM collection - snuff boxes.

Grigoriev Ivan, Moscow silversmith, born in 1721. His works of 1748-1785 are known, in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver chalice with niello from 1759.

Grigoriev Yakov, Moscow silversmith, drafter of Basmannaya Sloboda. Known in 1703-1706. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass; in GOKM - glass.

Gushchin Semyon Andreev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and master of silver and blacksmith. Mentioned in 1760.

Zhilin Ivan Petrov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1750. Died around 1810. In 1804-1805 he was elected head of the crafts. The founder of a number of blacksmiths. His son Alexander was one of the best masters of the first half of the 19th century century. In addition to his son, Ivan Zhilin had another student - Ivanov Ivan from 1795 to 1800. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - needle cases, boxes, snuff boxes, a cup and saucer; GOP - snuff boxes; KM and MGARH - altar crosses.

Zhilin Mikhail Petrov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1749. Mentioned before 1805. His student was Peter Rusanov from 1790 to 1796. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are snuff boxes.

Zhilin Petr Petrov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1755. Known from 1787 to 1821. One of his students was Pyotr Rusanov, who received the title of master in 1798 and worked until 1840. He also taught his son Peter (died 1821) to work in silver and blacksmithing.

Zhilin Petr Yakovlev, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1713, he was the founder of many generations of blacksmiths. In 1763 he had three sons: Mikhail - 14 years old, Ivan - 13 years old and Peter - 8 years old.

Ilyin Timofey, Moscow silversmith from Luzhnetskaya Sloboda. Known in 1704-1721. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass from 1704.

Kayavkin Vasily Maximov, Solvychegodsk silversmith, works with niello and under gold." Mentioned in 1722-1723.

Klimshin Andrey Matveev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and master of silver and blacksmith, brother of the master Mikhail Klimshin. Mentioned in 1744.

Klimshin Ivan Mikhailov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Known in 1792-1805.

Klimshin Mikhail Matveev, Veliky Ustyug merchant and the best master of silver and blacksmithing. Born in 1711. Died in 1764. In 1745 he was summoned to Moscow to resume the art of blacksmithing in Moscow, which the yoke taught to the Moscow merchant V. Kunkin.

Kozomanov Semyon Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Since 1796, he studied drafting skills from Belkov Alexei Prokopyev.

Konstantin, Solvychegodsk silversmith and blacksmith, sexton of the Resurrection Church. Mentioned in 1722 and 1723: "... the sexton and his father-in-law have a silversmith's craft, they do every little thing with niello and with gilding against samples... And he, the sexton, studied silversmithing from that father-in-law..."

Body Semyon Petrov, Moscow silversmith. Mainly a coiner. Known in 1780-1789. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver plate with niello stripes and rosettes; in KOKM - Gospel salary.

Kunkin Vasily Matveev, Moscow silversmith, blacksmith and enameller, merchant of the 1st guild, since 1751 - “gold and silver manufacturer” (1726-1762).

V. M. Kunkin was born in Kashin in 1726. Arriving in Moscow, he first organized a workshop, and later, in 1751, a “factory” where hired craftsmen worked.

In 1745, V. M. Kunkin learned blacksmithing skills from the Veliky Ustyug master Mikhail Matveev Klimshin, who was summoned to Moscow to raise the blacksmithing production. In 1751, V. M. Kunkin filed a petition to grant him a monopoly on the production of religious items made of gold and silver in Moscow. At the meeting of the Governing Senate, he presented things he had made - the image of St. Elizabeth, executed in niello on gold, and silver "Evangelists", which were recognized by members of the Senate as "very skillful work." For comparison, he brought silver items from other masters, “simple and unskillful work.” ?

From January 24, 1751, V. M. Kunkin was given a monopoly on the manufacture of church items, which, under threat of penalty, were strictly forbidden to be made by other Moscow craftsmen. From that time on, V. M. Kunkin’s workshop was called a “factory” and consisted of numerous craftsmen. In 1752, he wrote: “... And according to that... permission given to me, I, the named, entered into the production of those holy things before the church and began to distribute, and to this I used a significant amount of my own capital and hired artisans and laborers people up to seventy people... And I, named above those masters, as the manufacturer of that factory, have only one eye in craftsmanship, so that according to my testimony and according to the drawings given by those masters, the noun image occurs without any omission... "

In 1752, V. M. Kunkin farmed out the assay fees and had to support the assay master, smelter, watchman and clerk at his own expense.

Until 1751, V.M. Kunkin branded his products with the name “V.K.” On May 27, 1752, a decree was issued according to which all products produced by Kunkin’s “factory” had to bear the marks of the master who made the item and the “manufacturer” "V. Kunkina ("P.V.K.*) "And without such brands, things made at Evo Kunkin's factory should not be brought to the testing chamber. And although they will be brought, they will not be accepted or branded..."

V. M. Kunkin died in 1762. His heirs were denied a monopoly.

Maslennikov Yakov Semenov, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1756-1796. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum are a piece of cake.

Mikhailov Ivan, Moscow silversmith, born in 1705. Known until 1774. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass.

Moiseev (Moseev) Yakov Gerasimov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1773. Mentioned before 1811. From 1789 to 1794 he studied the art of blacksmithing with Ivan Popov. His students: Ivan Koshkov (1798-1801), Prokopiy Kladovnikov (1807-1811), Alexey Fedorov Kozulin (1809-1811). His works in the State Historical Museum collection include a needle case, spoons, and snuff boxes.

Molokov Osip Vasiliev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. In 1744 he lived in Arkhangelsk.

Molokov Prokopiy Osipov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Mentioned in 1787. From 1792 to 1795 he taught blacksmithing skills to Fyodor Klimov Bushkovsky. Died in 1805.

Molokov Stepan Stepanov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. In 1786 - senior comrade. Died in 1821.

Moshnin Alexey Ignatiev, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1721, the son of silversmith Ignatius Ivanov Moshnin, who “lived in his yard.” In 1751, Alexey Moshnin and Grigory Shurvin made 4 lamps from government silver weighing 1 pound 30.5 pounds for the Assumption Cathedral in Veliky Ustyug, which was damaged by fire. Alexey Moshnin was one of the best masters of Veliky Ustyug of the 18th century. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a casket, a tray.

Ostrovskikh Ivan Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master 138 of silver and blacksmith and seal carver. Born in 1759. From 1807 to 1809 he taught blacksmithing to Alexei Fedorov Kozulin. Died in 1828. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include paten, snuff boxes, and clasps.

Pestovsky Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Mentioned since 1787. Died in 1821. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are a snuff box.

Pestorzhevsky Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1746. In 1806 he was still a member of the workshop.

Petrov Efim, Yakut blacksmith, tradesman of Yakutsk. In 1798, he made a silver image with a blackened image of the Archangel Michael on horseback as a gift to Emperor Paul (in the collection of the State Russian Museum).

Petrov Fedor, Moscow silversmith, later “alderman of silver art.” Known in 1760-1789. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass.

Plotov Grigory Andreev, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1753-1775. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include a silver and niello frame of a coconut cup.

Popov Ivan Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Known in 1792 and 1799. From 1789 to 1795 he taught blacksmithing to Yakov Gerasimovich Moiseev. Died in 1805.

Ratkov Alexey Ivanov, Moscow workshop silversmith. Known since 1777. Died in 1821. One of the best masters of his time. His embossed and blackened works are in the collections of the State Historical Museum, State Historical Museum and other museums.

Ratkov Grigory Stepanov, Kostroma silversmith, peasant of the estate of Count V.G. Orlov, the village of Sidorovskoye. Known in 1783-1788.

In 1788 he lived in Kostroma on Nikolskaya Street in own home. Until November 1788 he worked without being registered in the workshop. He stamped his works “GR” in a heart-shaped shield.

Of his silver and niello works, large oval pellets with niello images of “miracles” from the legend of the icon “Our Lady of Feodorovsk”, made by him in 1783, have been preserved in the collection of the State Historical Museum and the Kostroma Museum.

Rusanov Petr Prokopyev, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Born in 1776 or 1777, he was a student of Peter Zhilin Jr. from 1790 to 1796. In 1798 he received the title of master, in 1826 - comrade foreman, in 1831 - sergeant major. Mentioned before 1840.

Serebrenikov Petr Fedorov, Kostroma silversmith, merchant. Known since 1781, died in 1817. He was accepted into the workshop in 1789. In 1807, the craftsman's head. From 1798 to 1817 he was listed as a tradesman. Of his silver and niello works, those preserved in the collection of the State Historical Museum are a foot made by him in the early years of the 19th century, with three oval medallions, in which, on a canfared background, are images in niello of two doves and cupid on a dolphin.

Studentsov Fedor Petrov, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1776-1780. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a chalice from 1778.

Shevyakov Vasily Ekimov (Akimov), Kostroma silversmith, tradesman. Known since 1794, died in 1817. In 1794-1795 he worked with the brothers Ivan and Fedor. It was admitted to the workshop in 1801. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a fragment of 1806.

Shevyakov Ivan Kuzmin, Kostroma silversmith, merchant. Known in 1785-1806. In 1794 he worked together with his son Andrei.

His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a silver cup-cap with blackened images and ornaments.

19th century and early 20th century

Agafonov Vasily Semenovich, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1893-1916. He had a workshop in which he made dishes and various small items.

His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a lemon fork with a blackened image of the Sukharev Tower.

Bach, St. Petersburg silversmith of the second half of the 19th century. At the World's Fair in Philadelphia in 1876, he exhibited silver items with niello (bracelets and a vase).

Buravkin Grigory Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Born in 1775, died in 1837. In 1817-1831 he was an apprentice to Fyodor Bushkovsky.

Bushkovsky Mikhail Fedorov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith since 1835. Mentioned in 1828-1868.

Vasiliev A. Moscow silversmith, known in 1860. He had a workshop with 6 workers and 4 students. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a glass.

Vekeva Stefan, St. Petersburg silversmith. Born in 1833 in Finland. At the age of ten he arrived in St. Petersburg. From 1847 he was an apprentice, and from 1856 he became a silversmith. He worked in St. Petersburg for the Faberge company until 1889. The niello products of his work are known. After his death, the business was continued by his son Alexander.

Gorokhovsky, Veliky Ustyug master of silver and ferrous work of the first quarter of the XIX century. He was Zhilin's best apprentice. After working independently in Ustyug in 1828 he moved to St. Petersburg.

Grechushnikov Matvey, Moscow silversmith. In 1823 he was listed as an “ever-shop worker”, later the owner of a silverware workshop, which later passed to Ivan Grechushnikov. Known in 1818-1840. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include a cup and a cigarette case.

Grikurov, St. Petersburg silversmith of the second half of the 19th century. He made silver items with Caucasian type niello. Participated in the International Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876.

Gubkin Ivan Semenovich, silversmith, merchant, founder of a silverware factory in 1841. The business was continued by his sons - Sergei and Dmitry. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a black mug from 1842 and a glass.

Gubkin Sergey Ivanovich, owner of a silverware factory in Moscow, founded in 1841 by his father Ivan Semenovich Gubkin. Known from 1852 to 1865. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a ladle from 1856.

Dalman Alexander Karlovich, owner of a silverware factory in St. Petersburg, founded in 1880. At the World Exhibition in Stockholm in 1897 he received a silver medal for products with Caucasian niello.

Dmitriev M., Moscow silver embossing and blacksmith master of the third quarter of the 19th century. Had six workers and ten students. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a spoon from 1861.

Egorov Fedor, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith of the first quarter of the 19th century, studied with P.P. Zhilin from 1798 to 1803. He was a serf of the nobleman Kozhin.

Zhilin Alexander Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and ferrous work since 1817. Born in 1800. In 1821 he was a senior comrade. One of the most prominent masters of his time. Died around 1842. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum include a comb, spoons, a spectacle case, a plate, glasses, snuff boxes, a glass; in MVU-lamp.

Zhilin Andrey Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and blacksmith, son of master Alexander Zhilin. Born in 1824. After the death of his father, he remained a thirteen-year-old orphan and studied with an unknown master. In the documents of the Assay Office for 1842 it is said about Andrei Zhilin: “gold and silversmith Andrei Zhilin, living in the city of Veliky Ustyug, in the first part of the 1st quarter, in a house inherited from his parents along with others under No. 193, having his own workshop in the same house..." In the salary statements for 1846-1868, A. Zhilin is recorded alone, and in the statement of 1857 - with his brother Ivan and his son.

Zhilin Ivan Alexandrov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing, born in 1832, worked with his brother Andrei Zhilin.

Zalesov Vasily Fedorovich, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith of the first half of the 19th century.

In the 20s he temporarily traveled to St. Petersburg, from where he returned to his homeland, where he was known in 1832-1840. At the exhibition of 1839 he exhibited niello products. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a snuff box made in St. Petersburg in 1829.

Zuev Alexander Ivanov, Vologda silversmith and blacksmith, tradesman (son of master Ivan Zuev). Mentioned in 1854. Died in 1865.

Zuev Ivan Matveev, a famous Vologda silversmith and blacksmith, born in 1786, died in 1860.

In 1806-1824 he was mentioned as a tradesman, from 1825 - as a merchant. In 1837, his silver works with niello were presented at the Vologda provincial exhibition. Had a son, Alexander Zuev. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - fork, spoons, snuffbox, tray; in GOP - snuff box; in VOKM - frames of icons and Gospels. 139?

Igumnov Ivan Matveev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Recorded in payroll records of 1846-1880.

Kaltykov Ivan, Moscow silversmith and jeweler. Known in 1820-1834. His works in the collection of the State Historical Museum include black snuff boxes from 1828 and a glass.

Kladovikov (Kladovnikov) Andrey Vasiliev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Mentioned in 1840 - 1862.

Kladovikov (Kladovnikov) Vasily Lvov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Born in 1786. In 1800 he was a student of master Vasily Romanov.

Kladovikov Prokopiy, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing in the first half of the 19th century, studied with master Ya. G. Moiseev from 1807.

Koshkov Ivan Alekseev, son of a Veliky Ustyug merchant, born in 1782. In 1798 he became an apprentice to Yakov Moiseev. In 1812-1815 he worked as an apprentice to Fyodor Bushkovsky. Died in 1821.

Koshkov Mikhail Ivanov (1816-1896), Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. Received the title of master in 1838. In 1847 he had his own workshop with seven apprentices and several apprentices. In 1850-1858 - craftsman head. In 1882 at the All-Russian art exhibition received an award in Moscow. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum: a needle case, teaspoons, thimbles, a ring, a salt shaker, a glass.

Lavrov Martyn Nikitin (Mikitin), Moscow silversmith. Known in 1821-1845. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a chalice from 1838.

Mineev Ilya Stepanov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith, successor of Alexander Zhilin. From 1820 he studied blacksmithing with F.K. Bushkovsky for six years. Then he worked as an apprentice with Alexander Zhilin, and in 1835 he became a master. In 1838 had two employees. In 1846, Ilya Mineev was elected foreman of the silver workshop. In 1857 he worked with his son. The name of Ilya Mineev appears in salary statements in last time in 1868. He made blackened silver snuffboxes, panagias, spoons, etc. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a comb, a clasp, spoons, knife handles, a glass, snuffboxes.

Mineev Nikolay Ilyin, Veliky Ustyug master of gold, silver and blacksmithing. Mentioned in 1877.

Mineev Stepan Sergeev, Veliky Ustyug guild master of silver and blacksmithing. Born in 1774. Died in 1836.

Motokhov Nikolay Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of “silver carved black and white works” of the second quarter of the 19th century. The son of a Veliky Ustyug tradesman. He studied drafting skills with Alexander Zhilin from 1822 to 1829. In 1935 he received the title of master. He made mainly snuff boxes, spoons and other household items. In 1853, Nikolai Motokhov was still listed as a blacksmith. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - teaspoons, a glass.

Ovchinnikov Pavel Akimov- founder of a factory of gold and silver products in Moscow in 1853. Known until 1916. Since 1873 it had a branch in St. Petersburg, since 1882 - a court supplier, the factory produced various silver products, including black ones. At the International Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, products with niello from the Ovchinnikov company were exhibited. In the collection of the State Historical Museum there is a black tray, a sugar bowl and salt shakers made by the company.

Podyakov Alexey Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith. From 1823 to 1827 he was a student of master Fyodor K. Bushkovsky.

Potapov Vasily Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing, born in 1783. In 1795 he became an apprentice to master Vasily Romanov. In 1821 he was a master and worked with his brother.

Popov Vasily Ivanov, Moscow silversmith, tradesman. Known in 1816-1840. He made filigree and niello products. In 1821 he made a silver ladle with niello.

Postnikov Andrey Mikhailovich, founder of a factory of gold, silver and bronze products in 1868 in Moscow. Known until 1908. For high-quality silver products received gold medal at the All-Russian Exhibition of 1882. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a tablespoon with blackened images of the Kremlin cathedrals.

Romanov Vasily Ivanov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith, born in 1772. Known until 1831. Worked with brother Ilya. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - the "Holidays" icon.

Rudakov Andrey Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing, born in 1788. In 1825 - senior comrade. Mentioned before 1868.

Sazikov Pavel Fedorovich, Moscow silversmith, merchant of the 3rd guild, founder of a workshop known from 1793 to 1810, and in 1810 - a silverware factory in Moscow. In 1842, a branch was opened in St. Petersburg. The factory was known until 1882. After the death of P.F. Sazikov, the business was continued by his son Ignatius and later by his grandchildren Sergei, Valentin and Pavel. Black products from Sazikov's company were exhibited at the World Exhibition in 1862 and the All-Russian Exhibition in 1870. With his mark in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a tablespoon from the 1830s; in the State Hermitage - a tea set from 1834.

Sazonov Alexey, Yakut silversmith. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a snuffbox made in Yakutsk from a shell in a silver frame with blackened images and inscriptions of 1829.

Semenov Vasily Semenovich, owner of a silverware factory in Moscow, founded in 1852. He produced mainly small objects with niello. According to information from 1873, annual production was 75 thousand rubles, 40 workers. He exhibited silver niello products at world and all-Russian exhibitions from 1867 to 1882. His works in the State Historical Museum collection are cups and saucers.

Skripitsyn (Skripitsin) Sakerdon Ivanov, an outstanding Vologda silversmith and blacksmith, tradesman. Known in 1837-1844. He had a workshop in Vologda. In 1837, Skripitsyn's works with niello were at the Vologda provincial exhibition, and in 1839 - at the exhibition of Russian manufactured goods in St. Petersburg. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a spoon, a glass, a children's horn, a glass and a portrait of Alexander II; in the GOP - two pans and two glasses; in ERO - plates.

Sokolov Alexey Isaev, Moscow silver and goldsmith. Known in 1821-1831. In 1823 he was listed as an eternal workshop foreman. In 1821, the Assay Office detained items of his work that were not of the proper standard. Black snuff boxes by A. Sokolov were presented at the Moscow exhibition in 1831. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a snuff box from 1825.

Sokolov M. F., Moscow silversmith and blacksmith. He had a workshop in 1860-1890, one worker and one student. His works are a niello tea set in the State Hermitage and a niello spoon in the Kaluga Museum.

Sorokin Vasily Petrov, Veliky Ustyug silversmith and blacksmith since 1835. He studied drafting skills with Fyodor Bushkovsky since 1825. Mentioned before 1846.

Studentsov Prokopiy Petrov, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing since 1831. In 1832, only “miscellaneous small things” were working: crosses, rings, etc. Mentioned until 1862.

Totmakov Matvey Grigoriev, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Recorded in payroll records from 1805 to 1834.

Ustinov Gabriel, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1806-1851. He made small items with niello: crosses, icons, powder flasks, horns for feeding babies. In 1820, things made of silver below the specified standard were detained in his Assay Office. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include an icon, a reliquary cross, a powder flask, and a children's horn.

Fuld Alexander Iosifovich., owner of a Moscow silverware factory (1862-1918). In the collection of the State Historical Museum there are works from his factory: a tray from 1862 with a blackened image of a raeshnik.

Khlebnikov Ivan Petrovich, founder of a gold and silver products factory in Moscow in 1871. Known until 1918. At the All-Russian Exhibition of 1882, silver items with niello made by this factory were presented. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include spoons, a cigarette case, and a glass.

Khojoyan (or Khodjaev) Karapet Stepanovich, St. Petersburg silversmith. Known from 1876 to 1897. He made products with Caucasian type niello. Exhibited products at an exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876. At an exhibition in Stockholm in 1897 he received a silver medal.

Chirkov Mikhail Pavlovich, Veliky Ustyug master late XIX- XX century, student of Koshkov. Born in 1866. The oldest niello master, the last representative of the old generation, who conveyed to the Soviet state the secret of the composition of the northern Ustyug niello. He was repeatedly awarded diplomas and cash prizes for his work. Died in 1938. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a ring, a brooch; in the Veliky Ustyug Museum - cufflinks, ruler, plate: in VOKM - bracelets and a plaque; in SM - spoon and snuffbox.

Chichelev Ivan Dmitrievich, Moscow 2nd guild merchant, silversmith, workshop owner since 1815. According to information from 1876, he supported 30 workers and 20 students. Participated in all-Russian and international exhibitions. At the exhibition in 1870 he received a gold medal. His works are in the collection of the State Historical Museum - a cigarette box from 1860-1870.

Chulkov Mikhail Ivanov, Vologda silversmith and blacksmith, tradesman. Born in 1801. Died in 1864. His works in the State Historical Museum collection include teaspoons and an Easter egg.

Yakovlev Mikhail, Moscow silversmith. Known in 1821-1823. In 1821, things of the wrong standard were taken from him at the Assay Office. His works: in the collection of the State Historical Museum - an altar cross from 1823; in the Novgorod Museum - an altar cross from 1822.

With the division of labor that exists in modern jewelry factories, the main creative work belongs to the artist who gives the drawing, and the engraver who carries it out (sometimes the engraver is also the author of the drawing). Therefore, in the dictionary of masters of the Soviet period, we list only the main artists and engravers and do not give the names of numerous master assemblers, niello applicators and others, although their participation in the process of making black products is undoubtedly of no small importance. This explains why even the following are not included in the dictionary: outstanding masters, as a student of M.P. Chirkova Maria Dmitrievna Kuznetsova, a master in the composition and laying of niello at the "Northern niello" factory since 1936, assembler of the same factory Alexander Evgrafovich Titov, working since 1938 and participant in the 1960 exhibition and review, Alexander Sergeevich Samoilov , assembler at the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1950.

Artamonova (Ivanova) Nina Vasilievna, engraver at the Northern Mobile factory since 1940. Born in 1923. Takes part in engraving complex work. Author of a number of ornamental black patterns on mass-produced items. Has a number of awards.

Babaevskaya Tamara Yakovlevna, engraver at the Northern Mob factory since 1943. Born in 1929. Author decoration a number of new products.

Dvoryatkina Olga Alexandrovna, artistic director Moscow Jewelry Factory. Born in 1913. Graduated from the Moscow Institute of Applied and Decorative Arts with the title of artist. Author of most of the works produced by the plant.

Ibragimov Zhafar Khafisovich, engraver at the Moscow jewelry factory since 1951. Born in 1923. In 1962 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Technology. He is the author of the following works: casket "Moscow", casket "40 years October revolution", box "Maple Leaves", etc. Participant of the exhibition-review in 1960.

Lukin Vladimir Zakharovich, engraver at the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1954. Born in 1927.

Mokievskaya (Moskalenko) Alexandra Semenovna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1939. Born in 1922. Takes part in the most complex work. Author of artistic design for a number of products. Has awards.

Novikova Tamara Ivanovna, artist-engraver at the Moscow Jewelry Factory since 1950. Born in 1928, graduated from the Moscow Printing College. He is the author of a series creative works: cigarette case "The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger", a glass holder "Tchaikovsky", a glass holder "Footballer", a box "Tchaikovsky".

Podsekina Maria Alekseevna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1932. Born in 1917. Takes part in the most complex work. She engraved exhibits of the 1937 Paris World Exhibition. Author of the artistic design of several niello items. Has awards.

Popova (Nasonovskaya) Pavel Alekseevna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1932. Born in 1917. Performer of the most complex jobs. Author of the artistic design of a number of niello products. She engraved exhibits for the 1937 Paris World Exhibition. Has awards.

Sverkunova Alexandra Ivanovna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1942. Born in 1927. Takes part in complex engraving work. Has a number of awards.

Sycheva (Uglovskaya) Maria Alekseevna, engraver. Born in 1913. StudentM. P. Chirkov, who gave her the secret of the composition of the mob. In 1931 she joined the Northern Mob artel and from 1942 was the chairman of this artel. She presented niello products to the Paris World Exhibition of 1937 and to the 1939 exhibition in New York. Has a number of awards and prizes. Since 1949 he has worked in Moscow at the Moscow Jewelry Factory.

Tone Maria Alexandrovna, Moscow artist. Born in 1922. Since 1946 he has been working at NIIHP. She graduated from the Faculty of Ceramics of the Moscow Institute of Decorative and Applied Arts in 1946. Based on her sketches, many niello items were made at the Moscow Jewelry Factory and at the Severnaya Chern factory.

Tropina Elizaveta Fedorovna, artist from the Northern Chern factory. Born in 1930.

Tropina Nina Ivanovna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1937. Born in 1921. Takes part in the execution of the most complex products. Has a number of awards.

Uglovskaya (Yakusheva) Valentina Aleksandrovna, engraver at the Severnaya Chern factory since 1943. Born in 1928. Takes part in engraving the most complex products. Author of artistic design for a number of works.

Chernov Alexander, artist of the Northern Mob factory.

Chirkov Mikhail Pavlovich, Veliky Ustyug master of blacksmithing. Born in 1866. Died in 1938. Student of Koshkov. He was the organizer of a workshop in Veliky Ustyug in 1929, on the basis of which the Northern Mob artel (now a factory) was formed in 1933. He was an excellent engraver, a teacher of many of the first masters of the artel.

Shilnikovsky Evstafiy Pavlovich, artistic director of the artel and then the Northern Mob factory from 1935 to 1962. Born in 1890. In 1917 he graduated from the Academy of Arts with a degree in graphics. In 1956, Shilnikovsky was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR. Based on Shilnikovsky's sketches, a significant number of niello products are produced by the Severnaya niello factory.

Ethnographic dictation: which questions turned out to be the most difficult for Kazan residents

How well do you know the culture of your native country? What about the region? This knowledge could be tested by writing a Great Ethnographic Dictation. This year, residents of 85 regions of Russia and 11 neighboring countries are taking it out. We asked why people are ready to sit at a desk on a working day and answer questions about the peoples of the country

This year you could test your ethnographic literacy in Kazan at two sites: at the House of Friendship of Peoples of the Republic of Tatarstan and at the Kazan Federal University. In the regions of the republic, 20 sites were organized for those wishing to join the cultural and educational event.

Upon entering the dictation, everyone was given identification numbers by which you can find out your results. At 10 a.m., volunteers handed out question papers. It doesn’t look much like a dictation, but rather like the Unified State Exam, only without the ringing frames, controllers and selected phones. But the organizers still did not recommend using “cheat sheets” and googling answers on the Internet, because dictation is a test of knowledge, otherwise what’s the point?

Perhaps because the event took place on a working day, there were few people willing to write a dictation. The venue of the House of Peoples' Friendship was only half full.

“We came to write an ordinary dictation on knowledge of the Russian language, we came and discovered that we were writing an ethnographic test,” he says before the dictation Fania Gabitova. “Now we are forced to collect all our knowledge, concentrate and remember everything we know about the peoples of our country. But we always hope for good results. There will probably be questions about traditions, the ethnic group of the people, perhaps about linguistic culture, dances, cuisine, we are ready for them.

The protest participant was not mistaken in her assumptions. The dictation consisted of 30 test questions. 20 questions are the same for all of Russia and neighboring countries, and 10 are compiled taking into account regional specifics. In Tatarstan, these were questions about Tatar culture, history, customs and prominent people. For example, the question about the Tatar poet, hero of the USSR, born in the Orenburg region. Last year, all issues were federal issues.

Residents of Russia and foreign countries who speak Russian, regardless of education, social affiliation, religion and citizenship, could take part in the dictation. The main thing is to be over 15 years old.

Number

30 is the maximum amount of points that can be scored for correctly completing all tasks this year (one point for each correct answer).

45 minutes are given to write the Great Ethnographic Dictation.

No ratings are given - you can know history and geography very well, but have no idea why Tatar women need a raisin bib or what the name of the Kryashen holiday, celebrated on the day of remembrance of the apostles Peter and Paul, is.

The texts of the questions contained useful information and history about other similar peoples. For example, in the question about women craftsmen, you can find out that the first woman of Dagestan in processing jewelry the metal worker was Manaba Magomedova, and the female engraver in Chukotka was Vera Emkul. But the trade in which Maria Sycheva became famous had to be named herself.

Retired English teacher Aliya Nurgalieva says that she came to the dictation out of curiosity:

Dictation of medium difficulty. The most difficult questions were about the diversity of peoples, their customs and traditions... Dagestanis, Udmurts, Karelians. This dictation makes it possible to understand that we live in a large multinational state and should live in peace and harmony. I think I will have average results, closer to 30. The test is still quite difficult for schoolchildren, if only for the 11th grade, and even then for advanced students who are well versed in geography and history,” she says.

For those who were unable to test their knowledge at regional sites, online testing has been organized on the website of the Great Ethnographic Dictation miretno.ru, which can be taken on November 3 from 10.00 to November 5 until 23.59.

By the way, an hour after the start, 3,425 people wrote the online test.

The all-Russian results of the action will be summed up on Constitution Day Russian Federation 12 December. Residents of Tatarstan will be able to find out their results on November 8 on the website of the House of Friendship of Peoples of the Republic of Tatarstan.

By the way

The “Great Ethnographic Dictation” campaign was launched for the first time in 2016. Almost 90 thousand people wrote the dictation: 35 thousand in person and more than 50 thousand online.

The youngest participant in the dictation was a 12-year-old girl from the Ulyanovsk region, the oldest was an 80-year-old man from Mordovia. The average score for dictation in the country was 54 points out of 100 possible. Tatarstan showed the best result in Russia - the highest average score was 81.3.

The Tula region joined the All-Russian educational campaign Great Ethnographic Dictation. See how Tula residents wrote this test.

And if you want to try to answer the test questions yourself, here are the questions themselves:

1. The bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in Russia, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is:

A) President of the Russian Federation

B) The State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

C) Multinational people of the Russian Federation

D) Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

2. Russia has historically developed as multinational state. Determine which territory was the first to voluntarily enter Russian state, if it is known that the Republic of Khakassia is celebrating its 290th anniversary as part of Russia this year, and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is celebrating its 385th anniversary.

A) Republic of Ingushetia

B) Republic of Khakassia

B) Republic of Sakha

D) Udmurt Republic

3. Wooden architecture has a long history in Russia and, thanks to skilled craftsmen, is known far beyond its borders. No wonder the oldest Russian monastery, founded in X century on Athos, is called “Xilgurgu”, which means “woodmaker”, “carpenter”. Masterpieces wooden architecture preserved in museums under open air in many regions of our country: in Irkutsk region- in “Taltsy”, not far from Veliky Novgorod - in “Vitoslavitsy”, in the Arkhangelsk region - in “Malye Korely”. In which region is the world famous Kizhi Museum-Reserve located?

A) Republic of Karelia

B) Udmurt Republic

B) Moscow

D) Sevastopol

4. Correlate the names of sacred scriptures or sets of sacred texts, as well as the type of temples with the traditional religions of Russia (write your answer in format A-1-IV, B-2-III, etc.):

A) Christianity 1) Tripitaka I) church

B) Islam 2) Tanaz II) stupa

B) Buddhism 3) Bible III) synagogue

D) Judaism 4) Koran IV) mosque

5. 65 years ago, Rasul Gamzatov wrote the poem “Soldiers of Russia” about the heroic crew of the T-34 tank, who accomplished a feat during the liberation of Crimea from the Nazi occupation in April 1944. The dead crew consisted of seven Russians and a representative of one of the nations North Caucasus- Hero Soviet Union Magomed-Zagida Abdulmanapova. Below is an excerpt from the poem:

Sleeping in Simferopol in a mass grave

Seven Russians and_____, my fellow countryman.

Above them is a tank, their soldier’s monument,

Still retains traces of past attacks,

And the country gratefully brought out

Their names are on the marble slab.

What word is missing?

A) Chechen

B) Avar

B) Nogai

D) Dargin

6. Many educators of Russia, who showed concern for the development of national languages, at the same time sought to introduce people to the all-Russian culture and history, taught love for both the small and large Motherland, Russia. Among them we can name the great educator of the Chuvash people, Ivan Yakovlev, Bashkir people- Miftakhetdin Akmullu. The name of Mikhail Chevalkov means a lot to Altaians and Teleuts. Determine which nation the enlightener Kayum Nasyri is the son of:

A) Ingush

B) Tatars

B) Udmurts

7. In Yakutsk in 2005, an unusual monument to the family was opened, personifying the friendship of Yakuts and Russians. IN sculptural composition presented: father - Russian explorer and Cossack ataman, mother - Yakut beauty Abakayade Syuchyu, their son Lyubim. Name the father of the family - the great Russian explorer:

A) Semyon Dezhnev

B) Vitus Bering

B) Nikolai Miklouho-Maclay

D) Peter Semenov-Tien-Shansky

8. Appaz Iliev is the oldest person in Russia. On March 1, 2017, he turned 121 years old. In his recent interview, answering the question of what is most important today for residents of multinational, multimillion-dollar Russia, the centenarian said: “Russians must always tell the truth, live with justice, then there will be benefits. If you live in truth today, then tomorrow will be normal life. Today we have a fair ruler in our country, take all the good from this situation.” In my native village oldest person 43 families live, and all have the same surname - the Ilievs. Name the region where this village is located:

A) Nizhny Novgorod region

B) Altai region

B) Orenburg region

D) Republic of Ingushetia

9. It is known that the outstanding Russian poet A.S. Pushkin was greatly influenced by his nanny Arina Rodionovna, who, according to one version, was of Finno-Ugric origin and was from the village of Lampovo in Ingria. Indicate in which regions Ingrian people currently live:

A) Udmurt Republic

B) Republic of Karelia

B) St. Petersburg, Leningrad region

D) Kaliningrad

10.BXX century in our country, among the masters of folk crafts, previously considered “peasant”, outstanding female craftsmen appeared. The first woman in Dagestan to devote herself to metal jewelry processing was Manaba Omarovna Magomedova. The first female engraver in Chukotka was Vera Aromke Emkul. The first artist in Palekh lacquer miniature- Sofya Mikhailovna Golikova (Vakurova). Name the famous folk craft in which Maria Alekseevna Sycheva (Uglovskaya) worked - the first woman initiated into the secret of applying patterns from a special alloy on metal:

A) Dymkovo toy

B) artistic carving

B) Veliky Ustyug blackening on silver

D) brazed filigree

11. “Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern - a man and a steamship” - the well-known words of the postman Pechkin from his favorite children's cartoon. Under the command of Admiral I.F. Kruzenshtern there was the very first Russian trip around the world. Ivan Fedorovich was the first to map most of the coast of Sakhalin and describe the life and customs of the indigenous inhabitants of this island. Who are they :

B) Udmurts

B) Lezgins

12. Tatar craftswomen made raisin (or izu) fabric bibs for women's clothing, skillfully decorating them with silk and gold-woven ribbons. Raisin was only worn married women. For what purpose:

A) for protection from wind

B) hide the chest slit of a woman’s dress

B) just to show wealth

D) exclusively as decoration

13. One of the most famous military pilots of the Great Patriotic War, Lak on his father's side and Crimean Tatar on his mother's side, at the age of 25 he became twice Hero of the Soviet Union. In total, during the war he made 603 combat missions, conducted 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 enemy aircraft and as part of a group, 19. Say his name:

A) Alexander Pokryshkin

B) Vladimir Kokkinaki

B) Alexey Maresyev

D) Amet-Khan Sultan

14. The dances of every people of Russia have contributed to the culture of our country. At the same time in folk art there are many similarities, for example, circle dances: among the Buryats it is yokhor, among the Ossetians it is simd, among the Russians it is a round dance. What is the name of a similar dance among Lezgins?

A) karagod

B) yalli yar

D) lady

15. During the Patriotic War of 1812, the French army called the representatives of this people “Northern Cupids” for their masterly archery. Who are we talking about?

F) Chechens

B) Karelians

B) Bashkirs

D) Russians

16. One of the most famous collectors of Russian fairy tales was Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev. He published more than 70 articles devoted to the study of fairy tales of the Russian people, including “Grandfather Brownie”, “Zoomorphic deities among the Slavs”, “Poetic legends about the heavenly luminaries”. In addition, A. N. Afanasyev published the collection “Russian Folk Tales”. Indicate how many fairy tales are included in this collection:

17. Altai folk storytellers, kaichs, accompany their narration with accompaniment unusual instrument, reminiscent of domra - topshura. This instrument is made from a single piece of wood sacred to the Altai people - cedar. What are the strings for this instrument made of (select the correct option from the list below):

A) from animal intestines

B) from nettle

B) made of leather

D) from horsehair

18. In the traditional cuisine of many peoples of Russia there are drinks made from sour milk: Tatars, Bashkirs, Kalmyks, Altaians and others - katyk, ayran, kumys; among the Chechens and Ingush - yetshura. What is the name of fermented milk drink in traditional Russian cuisine:

B) Varenets

B) yogurt

D) suorat

19. The defense of this fortress - from the morning of June 22 until September 1941 - is an example of fearlessness, valor and heroism Soviet people. It has been established that soldiers of more than 30 nationalities fought to the death here, demonstrating loyalty to the friendship of the peoples of our multinational Motherland. What kind of fortress are we talking about? :

A) Kronstadt Fortress

B) Oreshek fortress

B) Peter and Paul Fortress

D) Brest Fortress

20. It is known that by decree of Peter I, the holy book of Muslims, the Koran and the biography of the Prophet Muhammad, were translated into Russian for the first time. And by whose decree the Koran was first published in printing using public funds:

A) Catherine II the Great

B) Ivan IV the Terrible

B) Vladimir the Great

D) Yaroslav the Wise

21. Saint Innocent (Veniaminov), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, Archbishop of Kamchatka, Kuril and Aleutian, spent many years on Far East Russia, traveled on dogs and reindeer across the northern lands. With his meekness and friendliness, he earned the love of the Aleuts, Koryaks, Chukchi and Tungus, built schools for them, taught children himself, and for the first time explored the life and traditions of these indigenous peoples. Indicate the city, one of the founders of which the saint was and the name to which he gave:

A) Vladivostok

B) Blagoveshchensk

B) Vladimir

Moscow

22. Traditionally, one of the most widespread and popular holidays, which are widely celebrated on Tula land, is the Trinity. In the Suvorovsky district of the Tula region, it is customary to “baptize the cuckoo” on Trinity Sunday. It means:

A) bake pies

B) catch larks

B) fry eggs

D) weave baskets

23. In the 19th century in the Moscow province, a very popular element of clothing were kalizhki, which were:

A) a type of shirt

B) light birch bark shoes

B) knitted hat

D) short sheepskin coat

24. Name the collector of folk songs in the Voronezh province, the organizer of the first Russian folk choir:

A) Mitrofan Efimovich Pyatnitsky

B) Igor Aleksandrovich Moiseev

B) Mikhail Borisovich Turetsky

D) Vitaly Grigorievich Kostomarov

25. Orthodox saints Peter and Fevronia are the patrons of family and marriage. Which city was their life connected with?

A) with Vladimir

B) with Murom

B) with Suzdal

D) with Moscow

26. Russian enamel enamel, known since the 10th century, received enthusiastic reviews back in medieval Europe. Today this “fire writing” is one of the unique crafts of modern...

A) Myshkina

B) Rybinsk

B) Rostov the Great

D) Pereslavl-Zalessky

27. The tradition of burning a straw doll on Maslenitsa, a symbol of the ancient Slavic deity, has survived to this day. Indicate one of the names of this straw doll:

A) Kostroma

B) Mokosh

28. In the Chernsky district of the Tula province, on the Feast of the Ascension, peasants baked special flat cakes brushed with eggs. What were these flatbreads called?

A) stairs

B) pies

D) cheesecakes

29. They used to say about the Ryazan men “slant-bellied”, because they always had some object in their belts. Which?

“Forgetting my native language, I will go numb,

Having lost Russian, I will become deaf.”

A) Tanzilya Zumakulova

B) Gabdulla Tukay

B) Rasul Gamzatov

D) Kosta Khetagurov