Answer options:
A. "The Enchanted Wanderer", "About Love"
b. “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “Who Lives Well in Rus'”
V. “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Thunderstorm”
"Thunderstorm", "About Love"
In the story “Gooseberry”, A.P. Chekhov does not raise the following problem.
Answer options:
A. Russian intelligentsia
b. personal responsibility for what is happening in the world
V. relationship between man and nature
d. personality degradation
Indicate what determines Lopakhin’s activity in A.P. Chekhov’s comedy “The Cherry Orchard.”
Answer options:
A. an attempt to help Ranevskaya improve her financial situation
b. dream to destroy The Cherry Orchard, reminding him of his difficult childhood
V. the desire to take revenge on the owners who fell into poverty
d. desire to ruin Ranevskaya and appropriate her fortune
14. Indicate which of the Russian poets owns the poem “I met you - and all the past ...”
Answer options:
A. A.S. Pushkin
b. N.A. Nekrasov
V. F.I.Tyutchev
A.A.Fet
Name the main character trait of Sonya Marmeladova (F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”)
Answer options:
A. love of freedom
b. sacrifice
V. hypocrisy
g. frivolity
Answer options:
A. A.P.Chekhov
b. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
V. N.A. Nekrasov
Mr. I.A. Goncharov
17.M. Gorky was the founder of the literary movement:
Answer options:
A. Romanticism
V. Socialist realism.
g. Classicism
18. Literary direction, which includes the stories “Makar Chudra”, “Old Woman Izergil”, “Chelkash”, “Song of the Falcon” by M. Gorky
Answer options:
A. romanticism
b. neorealism
V. neo-romanticism
d. realism
Loiko Zobar is the hero of the story
Answer options:
A. "Old Isergil"
b. "Makar Chudra"
V. "Chelkash"
g. “Song of the Petrel”
20. Real name M Gorky:
Answer options:
A. A. Bulyga
b. A. Klimentov
V. A. Peshkov
Mr. S. Ogurtsov
The main theme of the satirical works of M.E. Saltykov - Shchedrin
A. relationship between government and people
b. certain vices of people
V. shortcomings in human relationships
d. shortcomings of government officials
Specify literary direction, which dominated the literature of the second half of the 19th century
Answer options:
A. sentimentalism
b. realism
V. classicism
Mr. romanticism
Indicate the correct name of the Kirsanov estate (I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)
Answer options:
A. Maryino
b. Otradnoye
V. Zamanilovka
Yagodnoye
Name the poet who was a supporter of “pure art.”
Answer options:
A. A.S. Pushkin
b. M.Yu.Lermontov
V. N.A. Nekrasov
The word "author" (from lat. aust - subject of action, founder, organizer, teacher and, in particular, creator of a work) has several meanings in the field of art criticism. This is, firstly, the creator work of art How real face with a certain destiny, biography, complex of individual traits. Secondly, this author's image, localized in literary text, i.e., the writer, painter, sculptor, or director’s portrayal of himself. And finally, thirdly (which is especially important for us now), this is the artist-creator, present in his creation as a whole, immanent work. Author (in this meaning of the word) presents and illuminates reality (being and its phenomena) in a certain way, comprehends and evaluates them, manifesting itself as subject artistic activity.
The author's subjectivity organizes the work and, one might say, gives rise to it artistic integrity. It constitutes an integral, universal, most important facet of art (along with its own aesthetic and cognitive principles). The “spirit of authorship” is not only present, but dominates in any form of artistic activity: both when a work has an individual creator, and in situations of group, collective creativity, and in those cases (now prevailing) when the author is named and when his name is hidden ( anonymity, pseudonym, hoax).
At different stages of culture, artistic subjectivity appears in different guises. In folklore and historically early writing (as in other forms of art), authorship was predominantly collective, and its “individual component” remained, as a rule, anonymous. If the work was correlated with the name of its creator (biblical parables of Solomon and the Psalms of David, Aesop’s fables, Homer’s hymns), then here the name “expresses not the idea of authorship, but the idea of authority.” It is not associated with the idea of any proactively chosen manner (style), and even less so with the individually acquired position of the creator: “The work is more likely to be perceived as the fruit of the life of a collective than as the creation of an individual.”
But already in art Ancient Greece made itself felt individually- the author's beginning, as evidenced by the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides. Individual and openly declared authorship in subsequent eras manifested itself more and more actively and in modern times prevailed over collectivity and anonymity.
At the same time, for a number of centuries (until the 17th–18th centuries, when the normative aesthetics of classicism was influential), the creative initiative of writers (as well as other artists) was limited and largely constrained by the requirements (norms, canons) of already established genres and styles. Literary consciousness was traditionalist. It focused on rhetoric and normative poetics, on the “ready” word destined for the writer and already existing artistic examples.
Over the course of two last centuries the nature of authorship has changed markedly. Decisive role The aesthetics of sentimentalism and especially romanticism played a role in this shift, which greatly pushed aside and, one might say, pushed into the past the principle of traditionalism: “The central “character” literary process it became not the work, subordinate to the canon, but its creator, the central category of poetics - not style or genre, A author".
If earlier (before the 19th century) the author was more representative of an authoritative tradition (genre and style), now he persistently and boldly demonstrates his creative freedom. At the same time, the author's subjectivity is activated and receives a new quality. She becomes individually proactive, personal and, as never before, rich and multifaceted. Artistic creativity is now understood primarily as the embodiment of the “spirit of authorship” (a phrase very characteristic of romantic aesthetics).
So, the author's subjectivity invariably present in fruits artistic creativity, although it is not always updated and attracts attention. The forms of the author's presence in a work are very diverse. We will turn to them.
This text is an introductory fragment. From the book Theory of Literature author Khalizev Valentin Evgenievich§ 6. Author's subjectivity in a work and the author as a real person The facets of artistic subjectivity described above, which are very heterogeneous - especially in the art of the 19th and 20th centuries - constitute the image of the author as a whole person, as an individual. Speaking in words
From book Foreign literature XX century: practical exercises author Team of authors§ 2. The presence of the reader in the work. Receptive aesthetics The reader can be present in a work directly, being concretized and localized in its text. Authors sometimes think about their readers and also have conversations with them, reproducing their thoughts and
From the book The Harm of Love is Obvious [collection] author Moskvina Tatyana VladimirovnaAbout the work The sixteen-year-old poet created “The Drunken Ship” without ever having seen the sea. His ideas about sea elements were exclusively bookish and were based on newspaper articles and magazine engravings, stories about the travels of real sailors,
From the author's bookAbout the work “On the contrary”, a novel about a hero who does not accept modern century, in everything that goes against generally accepted conventions, serves as a kind of encyclopedia of dandyism. But the purely external stage of dandyism is emphasized attention to appearance, the desire for originality,
From the author's bookAbout the work The novel “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” is adjacent to “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” (1876), written nine years earlier, where the author amazingly truthfully revealed the psychology of a teenager. The boyish rebellion of Tom Sawyer is contrasted in the novel
From the author's bookAbout the work Wilde's novel is distinguished, like all philosophical works, by its heightened measure artistic convention: Not only does its plot contain a magical, magical assumption, but the characters are not entirely life-like. The point is that in philosophical work
From the author's bookAbout the work After the prologue, in which one of the guests of the country house, Douglas, tells the story of the manuscript and its author, the manuscript itself follows, i.e. narration is told from a person's point of view main character works, governesses. She arrives at a place from which she has already
From the author's bookAbout the work The hundred-page story “Heart of Darkness” at a superficial glance may seem like a purely adventurous work. Indeed, unlike James, who replaced the external plot with the psychological experiences of the character, Conrad's prose is replete with events, and
From the author's bookAbout the work One of Schnitzler’s most revealing short stories is “Lieutenant Gustl,” published in the respected Viennese newspaper Neue Freie Presse at the end of 1900. The action takes place in contemporary author Vienna, on the night of the fourth to fifth of April. The main action
From the author's bookAbout the work “Death in Venice” is the most famous short story by T. Mann, which presents the key motives of the writer’s entire work and the main features of his creative manner. The work was born from “a whole series of strange circumstances and impressions” from
From the author's bookAbout the work The novel “Towards Swann” consists of three parts that are not equal in composition. The first, very extensive part is called “Combray” and consists of the narrator Marcel’s memories of his childhood, about how his respectable bourgeois family went out for the summer
From the author's bookAbout the work The first draft of the poem, entitled “Prufrock Among Women,” dates back to 1909; two years later, a new title appeared, under which the poem was first published in the Chicago magazine Poetry in June 1915. For the first collection of poems in 1917,
From the author's bookAbout the work The action of the novel takes one day - June 16, 1904, from eight in the morning to three in the morning. Thus, in this world's longest day of literature, Joyce immortalized the day he met his wife, Nora Barnacle. The location is the same as in all the others
From the author's bookAbout the work The story “The Hunger Man” was written in 1922 and published two years later by the publishing house “Schmide” in the collection of the same name along with three other short stories. The author managed to prepare the texts for publication, but the book was published after his death. The story is distinguished by
From the author's bookAbout the work “Something subtle and elusive has penetrated America - a way of life,” Fitzgerald wrote about the post-war decade. “Something subtle” penetrated at the same time into American literature– writing style. One of the best confirmations of this is the novel “The Great
From the author's bookPresence of spirit Those who know Alexander Sekatsky usually treat him with great ironic tenderness. Tenderness naturally arises from the understanding: before you is a rare, precious creature, unlike anyone or anything - an original thinker. But that's why
What works of Russian writers depict pictures of Russian nature? What brings these works closer to the corresponding pages of Eugene Onegin?
Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
| I That year the weather was autumn I stood in the yard for a long time, Winter was waiting, nature was waiting. Snow only fell in January On the third night. Waking up early Tatiana saw through the window In the morning the yard turned white, Curtains, roofs and fences, There are light patterns on the glass, Trees in winter silver, Forty merry ones in the yard And softly carpeted mountains Winter is a brilliant carpet. Everything is bright, everything is white all around. II Winter!...The peasant, triumphant, On the firewood he renews the path; His horse smells the snow, Trotting along somehow; Fluffy reins exploding, The daring carriage flies; The coachman sits on the beam In a sheepskin coat and a red sash. Here is a yard boy running, Having planted a bug in the sled, Transforming himself into a horse; The naughty man has already frozen his finger: He is both painful and funny, And his mother threatens him through the window... III But maybe this kind Pictures will not attract you: All this is low nature; There's not much that's elegant here. Warmed by inspiration from God, Another poet with a luxurious style The first snow painted for us And all the shades of winter negativity; He will captivate you, I'm sure of it Drawing in fiery verses Secret sleigh rides; But I don't intend to fight Neither with him for now, nor with you, Young Finnish singer! IV Tatiana (Russian soul, Without knowing why) With her cold beauty I loved the Russian winter, There is frost in the sun on a frosty day, And the sleigh and the late dawn The glow of pink snows, And the darkness of Epiphany evenings. In the old days they celebrated These evenings in their house: Maids from all over the court They wondered about their young ladies And they were promised every year Military men and the campaign. |
A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”
Indicate the author's definition of the genre of “Eugene Onegin.”
Explanation.
A. S. Pushkin defined the genre of his work as a novel in verse. A novel in verse is a literary genre that combines the properties of composition and a system of characters inherent in a novel with a poetic form.
Answer: novel.
Answer: novel in verse | novel
Ekaterina Kamalova 28.09.2017 14:41
The explanation says that this is a novel in verse, but the answer simply says a novel.
Tatiana Statsenko
The answer is both options.
Name a literary movement that flourished in the second half of the 19th century and whose principles were reflected in Eugene Onegin.
Explanation.
This literary movement is called realism. Let's give a definition.
Realism is the fundamental method of art and literature. Its basis is the principle of life truth, which guides the artist in his work, striving to give the most complete and true reflection of life and maintaining the greatest life verisimilitude in the depiction of events, people, objects of the material world and nature as they are in reality.
Answer: realism.
Answer: realism
The text of “Eugene Onegin” is divided into 14-line numbered stanzas that have a similar rhythmic structure. What name did this stanza get?
Explanation.
The Onegin stanza is the stanza in which A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” was written.
The Onegin stanza consists of three quatrains and a final couplet, written in iambic tetrameter. The first quatrain is with cross rhyme; in the second, adjacent lines rhyme; in the third - encompassing rhymes; in the final couplet there is an adjacent rhyme.
Answer: Oneginskaya.
Answer: Onegin stanza|Onegin
The first stanza gives a description of winter nature. What is such a description called in a work of art?
Explanation.
This description is called a landscape. Landscape is a depiction of nature in a literary work. Most often, a landscape is necessary in order to indicate the place and setting of the action (forest, field, road, mountains, river, sea, garden, park, village, landowner's estate, etc.).
Answer: landscape.
Answer: landscape
Describing the winter season, the author repeatedly resorts to figurative definitions that carry a special semantic and expressive-emotional load (“kibitka daring», « cold beauty”, etc.). What are their names?
Explanation.
Such loads are called epithets. An epithet is an artistic definition that gives the expression imagery and emotionality; a figurative, emotionally expressive characteristic of an object, phenomenon, person or event, expressed, as a rule, by an adjective with an allegorical meaning. An epithet usually performs the syntactic function of definition in a sentence, so it can be considered a figurative definition.
Answer: epithets.
Answer: epithets|epithet
Indicate the surname of the heroine mentioned in the above fragment.
Explanation.
The surname of this heroine is Larina. Among the many characters, the novel shows Tatyana Larina in close-up, whom the author calls his “sweet ideal.” This is no coincidence. Pushkin singles out Tatyana from many representatives of noble society, shows her as an integral nature, capable of deep and sincere feelings.
Answer: Larina.
Answer: Larina
In what size was Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” written?
Explanation.
This work is written in iambic meter. Let's give a definition. Iambic is a two-syllable meter in which the stress falls on the 2nd syllable.
Answer: iambic.
Explanation.
In the novel "Eugene Onegin" the capital, the province, the village, the city, and Russian nature itself - in all its diversity and variability - appear before us in bright realistic colors.
However, nature in the novel is not just pictures that reflect the beauty and originality of a particular time of year. The poet attaches much more serious meaning to descriptions of nature. They are designed to emphasize certain features of the character, behavior, views of the heroes, to convey their spiritual world, dreams, aspirations, moral ideals. That is why goodies works, such as Tatiana, are painted surrounded by nature. Tatyana, “Russian in soul,” is herself akin to Russian nature in all its diversity and undoubted charm; for her, as for the poet, nature and the Motherland are inseparable. The author’s slight irony is felt in his appeal to the reader, who may not find “graceful” in these lines (“All this is low nature”), especially since the first snow, as Pushkin points out, is already described in a “luxurious style” and depicted by a “singer Finnish young." However, the author shows us how much charm and poetry lies in these familiar, dear, but not always noticed by us paintings.
Explanation.
Pictures of nature in the novel "Eugene Onegin" turn into the most important structural element narratives. Pushkin's landscapes are never static; they convey the eternal movement that fills life.
In the fifth chapter, the poet depicts “low nature” with such details as “yard boy”, “peasant on the firewood”. This is a realistic landscape, incomprehensible to the noble reader, but dearly loved by Pushkin. The author of the novel contrasts his winter landscapes with the descriptions of the poet, who “depicted for us the first snow and all the shades of winter bliss in a luxurious style.” The depiction of nature in the novel most often correlates with the image of Tatiana. For Pushkin, the heroine’s connection with nature is an indicator of her moral superiority and spiritual kinship with Russia.
We can observe a similar approach in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Everyone knows the scene when Prince Andrei sees an oak tree: first dried up, lifeless, and then green, revived with the arrival of spring. Bolkonsky is close to this state: at first he, tired of useless fuss, disappointed in life, like an old drying oak; then, inspired by Natasha’s liveliness and spontaneity, awakening to a new feeling, to a new meaning of his existence.
The tradition of depicting nature as a living participant in ongoing events dates back to ancient Russian monument“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, where nature is not only the external landscape. Nature predicts (in the scene of the eclipse before Igor's campaign) and sympathizes (in the scene of the prince's capture and the scene of Yaroslavna's crying).
Thus, nature for Pushkin, Tolstoy, the unknown ancient Russian author she is inspired: she lives, breathes, and is sad along with the heroes, she herself is a full-fledged hero of the work.
4.06.2019 at 13:23 · VeraSchegoleva · 19 930
10 most famous Russian writers
There is an opinion that the classic ones are no longer relevant, because the new generation has completely different ideals and life values. People who think so are deeply mistaken.
Classic is the best thing ever created. It cultivates taste and moral concepts.
These books are able to take the reader back in time and introduce him to historical events. Even if you do not take into account all these advantages, it is worth noting that read classical works incredibly interesting.
Every citizen of the country should get acquainted with the main works created by his compatriots. There are quite a lot of talented authors in Russia.
This article will talk about the most famous Russian writers. Their works are the literary wealth of our country.
10. Anton Chekhov
Famous works:“Ward No. 6”, “Man in a Case”, “Lady with a Dog”, “Uncle Vanya”, “Chameleon”.
My creative activity the writer started with humorous stories. These were real masterpieces. He ridiculed human vices, forcing readers to pay attention to their shortcomings.
In the 90s of the 19th century he went to Sakhalin Island, the concept of his work changed. Now his works are about the human soul, about feelings.
Chekhov is a talented playwright. His plays were criticized, not everyone liked them, but Anton Pavlovich was not embarrassed by this fact, he continued to do what he loved.
The most important thing in his plays is inner world heroes. Chekhov's work is a unique phenomenon in Russian literature; in its entire history, no one has created anything like it.
9. Vladimir Nabokov
Years of life: April 22, 1899 – July 2, 1977.
The most popular works: “Lolita”, “Defense of Luzhin”, “The Gift”, “Mashenka”.
Nabokov's works cannot be called traditional classics; they are distinguished by a unique style. He is called an intellectual writer, in his work the main role belongs to the imagination.
The writer does not attach importance to real events, he wants to show the emotional experiences of the characters. Most of his characters are misunderstood geniuses, lonely and suffering.
The novel “Lolita” became a real thing in literature. Nabokov originally wrote it in English, but decided to translate it for Russian-speaking readers. The novel is still considered shocking, even though modern man does not differ in Puritan views.
8. Fyodor Dostoevsky
“Crime and Punishment”, “The Brothers Karamazov”, “Idiot”.
Dostoevsky's first works were a great success, but the writer was arrested for Political Views. Fyodor Mikhailovich was fond of utopian socialism. Appointed death penalty, but in last moment They replaced it with hard labor.
This period of his life had a strong influence on the writer’s psyche; not a trace remained of his socialist ideas. Dostoevsky gained faith and rethought his attitude towards to the common people. Now the heroes of his novels were ordinary people who were influenced by external circumstances.
The main thing in his works is psychological condition heroes. Dostoevsky managed to reveal the nature of a wide variety of human emotions: rage, humiliation, self-destruction.
Dostoevsky's works are known all over the world, but literary scholars still cannot come to a conclusion unanimous opinion and find answers to many questions regarding the work of this writer.
7. Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Years of life: December 11, 1918 – August 3, 2008.
“The Gulag Archipelago”, “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich”.
Solzhenitsyn is compared to Leo Tolstoy, and is even considered his successor. He also loved the truth and wrote “solid” works about people’s lives and social phenomena happenings in society.
The writer wanted to draw the attention of readers to the problems of totalitarianism. Moreover, he described historical events from different angles.
The reader gets a unique opportunity to understand how they treated this or that historical fact people who were on “different sides of the barricades.”
A distinctive feature of his work is called documentary. Each of his heroes is a prototype real person. Solzhenitsyn did not study literary fiction, he was simply describing life.
6. Ivan Bunin
Years of life: October 22, 1870 – November 8, 1953.
The most famous works:“The Life of Arsenyev”, “Mitya’s Love”, “ Dark alleys", "Sunstroke".
Mine creative path Bunin began as a poet. But, perhaps, it was his prose that made him famous. He loved to write about life, about the bourgeoisie, about love, about nature.
Ivan Alekseevich understood that his old life could not be returned; he very much regretted it. Bunin hated the Bolsheviks. When the revolution began, he was forced to leave Russia.
His works, written abroad, are imbued with longing for his homeland. Bunin became the first writer to receive Nobel Prize in the field of literature.
5. Ivan Turgenev
Years of life: November 9, 1818 – September 3, 1883.
The most famous works: “Fathers and Sons”, “Notes of a Hunter”, “On the Eve”, “Asya”, “Mumu”.
The work of Ivan Sergeevich can be divided into three periods. His first works are filled with romance. He wrote both poetry and prose.
The second stage is “Notes of a Hunter”. This is a collection of short stories that explores the theme of the peasantry. “Notes” became the reason why Turgenev was sent to the family estate. The authorities did not like the collection.
The third period is the most mature. The writer became interested philosophical topics. He began to write about love, death, duty. During this period, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was created, which was loved not only by Russian but also by foreign readers.
4. Nikolai Gogol
Years of life: 1809 – March 4, 1852.
The most famous works: « Dead Souls", "Viy", "Evenings on a farm near Dikanka", "The Inspector General", "Taras and Bulba".
I became interested in literature back in student years. The first experience did not bring him success, but he did not give up.
Now it is difficult to describe his work. Nikolai Vasilyevich’s works are multifaceted and not similar to each other.
One of the stages is “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”. These are stories on the theme of Ukrainian folklore, they are similar to fairy tales, readers love them very much.
Another stage - plays, the writer ridicules contemporary reality. "Dead Souls" - satirical work about Russian bureaucracy and serfdom. This book brought Gogol great fame abroad.
3. Mikhail Bulgakov
Years of life: May 15, 1891 – March 10, 1940.
The most famous works:"Master and Margarita", " dog's heart», « White Guard", "Fatal Eggs".
The name of Bulgakov is inextricably linked with the novel “The Master and Margarita”. This book did not bring him popularity during his lifetime, but made him famous after his death.
This work resonates with readers in Russia and abroad. There is a place for satire, there are elements of fantasy and a love line.
In all his works, Bulgakov sought to show the true state of affairs, the shortcomings current system power, dirt and falsehood of the philistinism.
2. Leo Tolstoy
Years of life: September 9, 1828 – November 20, 1910.
The most famous works:“War and Peace”, “Anna Karenina”, “Family Happiness”.
Foreigners associate Russian literature with the name of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy. This great writer is known all over the world.
The novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina need no introduction. In them, Lev Nikolaevich describes the life of the Russian nobility.
Of course, his work is very multifaceted. These are diaries, articles and letters. His works have not yet lost their relevance, and arouse keen interest among the reader because he touches on important questions, which will excite humanity at all times.
1. Alexander Pushkin
Years of life: May 26, 1799 – January 29, 1837.
Most works:"Eugene Onegin", "Dubrovsky", " Prisoner of the Caucasus", "Song about the prophetic Oleg".
Called the greatest writer of all time. He wrote his first poem when he turned 15.
Alexander Sergeevich’s life was very short, but during this time he managed to write many poems and more. The same list includes plays, prose and drama, and even fairy tales for children.
What else to see:
From time immemorial, many generations of people have been interested in what the soul is, what its essence is and whether it is possible to know its depth. And a great many writers have touched upon this undoubtedly important topic...
Undoubtedly domestic classics made a significant contribution to the world treasury of literature, gaining recognition in many countries for their amazing, piercing works. Often, so precisely, authors demonstrate the hidden corners of the souls of their heroes, in which we sometimes recognize ourselves.
1. “Ivanov”, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
A doctor by profession, Chekhov was well versed in human souls, evidence of this is a large number of stories, novellas and plays about ordinary and not so ordinary people, about their feelings and relationships. Play - good example that. It shows the betrayal of a wife by her husband, the mercantile interest of relatives, the tossing of the main character between two women, and, as a result, a tragic denouement._25.jpg)
2. “Garnet Bracelet”, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin
The famous Russian writer Alexander Kuprin wrote many excellent works, which many generations of people read and still read with pleasure. The themes of relationships touched upon in his stories and stories are still relevant today.Kuprin's story very well reflects considerable mental suffering little man in relation to the subject platonic love. He stoically carried these sufferings throughout his life, but the soulless, cruel people surrounding that very woman destroyed his world and brought him to the point after which there is no return.
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3. “Demons”, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, who came from noble family, however, was close to ordinary people, whose destinies he described in many of his works. Many of his stories and novels show that rottenness, that very hopelessness of human existence, from which one is taken aback.One of the iconic, heavy works of F.M. Dostoevsky very vividly describes the ever-increasing longing for another life, the ever-increasing dissatisfaction with this life, and, as a consequence, the “ferment of minds” of a circle of people who have abandoned human life on the altar of ideas.
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4. “Notes of a Young Doctor”, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov
Bulgakov, Russian writer, novelist, director, studied at the Faculty of Medicine and then had a medical practice, passed the First world war and knew on personal experience, how difficult it is to remain human in difficult conditions.His works, or rather, a series of stories, are in some way biographical and perfectly show how dirty life can be, because where people are illiterate, they are often unspiritual, and it is not about religion, but about the qualities and character of those around them. Hopeless stupidity peasants (caused by the lack of opportunity to develop mentally), their bestial living conditions lead to the fact that the young doctor becomes a morphine addict involuntarily, and after that he can no longer get off this train, which is rushing faster and faster downhill.
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5. “Doctor Zhivago”, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
Despite the fact that Pasternak cannot be classified as one of “those classics,” his work very well describes the changes in people that occur under the pressure of fate, how someone remains human, and someone even more turns into cattle, but not a person. We can safely say that this creation of Pasternak has replenished the treasure trove of books that...The events of the work take place before October revolution, during the First World War, gaining momentum in the twenties and in general hard fate the main character ends tragically.
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6. “The Pit”, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin
Kuprin’s piercing, bright work reveals in every line, in every paragraph all those abscesses that have matured in human souls. Some storylines show the different dreams of the heroines, girls engaged in prostitution in a low-grade brothel somewhere in Sloboda. But each has its own tragic fate, their ending, which makes you empathize with them, they are so expressively written._21.jpg)
7. “At the Bottom”, Maxim Gorky (Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov)
One of the famous works of the wonderful Russian writer Gorky, very well shows the morals and foundations of a certain layer of society at the beginning of the 20th century. Even the title itself seems to speak for itself, telling about the life and fate of several residents of a cheap rooming house, about their relationships with each other, about the problems and the whirlpool of events that drags them to the bottom, leaving only human garbage and the remains of lives on the surface._21.jpg)
8. “Mitya’s Love”, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
This one is touching, but tragic story Bunin's story about love widely reveals the feelings of the young man Mitya for his friend Katya. At first, a child's love develops into something more, and the girl, who also reciprocates at first, begins to move away from him and becomes increasingly immersed in her passion for theater in art school, where the director of this school promises her success. But Mitya does not give up, tries to hold on to the girl’s feelings, and, unable to bear it, subsequently leaves home for native village to experience and heal from unhappy love by changing impressions and surroundings. Unfortunately, the dose of this “medicine” turns out to be fatal for the young man._23.jpg)
9. “Anna Karenina”, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
One of famous works Russian classic Leo Tolstoy is, undoubtedly, the pearl of Russian classics in general, and a work that shows the depths of the Russian soul in particular. The plot is multifaceted and replete with subtle plot twists that reveal the relationships of the characters. Anna's experiences, her sudden love for the young officer Vronsky, take the young woman further and further away from her husband, family and society, which rejected the “apostate” from the moral principles of that time. And alas, the ending of the novel is no less tragic than itself.Many treat the title character without much sympathy, considering her a cowardly and weak woman. However, it’s worth taking a closer look at the heroine to understand what it is. It’s just that life, sadly enough, can break even the strongest...
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10. “Olesya”, Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin
Another work by Kuprin, tells us about tragic love a young girl living separately from everyone in the forest and reputed to be a witch, and a gentleman forced to live for some time in the wilderness, far from the bustle of the city. By chance, he meets Olesya and after some time feelings arise between them. But this is not just a love story, it is a story about how susceptible people are to superstitions and how willing they are to sacrifice the destinies of loved ones in order to remain in their usual circle of worldviews._19.jpg)
11. “Asya”, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
The story of the Russian writer Turgenev, like many of his other works, perfectly shows how feelings can be touching, but tragic, brave, but indecisive. The main character of the story, while abroad, meets a Russian couple. As it turns out, these are brother and sister traveling away from home. Over time, communicating more and more with them, he understands that between him and Asya (sister of Gagin, the same young man) feelings arise. But enough a difficult situation, accompanying the origin of Asya, does not allow you to fully open your heart. When the hero finally decides to confess his love, it turns out to be too late, and the young couple simply disappeared and left the city. Attempts to find them led nowhere, and main character carries his love for this girl throughout his life._9.jpg)
12. “Lady with a Dog”, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
This wonderful writer has a great many works that show all the versatility of the human soul. And this story is one of them. A bored Gurov, who came from Moscow on vacation to Yalta, meets a young woman, Anna Sergeevna. Meaningless conversations develop into love. But the time comes to part, and both understand that it will be unbearable for them to live without each other. Being family people, they understand that they do not have the strength to leave their families, and only one thing remains - to meet secretly in hotels without any hope of a real life together._9.jpg)
13. “Hero of Our Time”, Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov
The great Russian poet and writer Lermontov for his short but bright life He managed to write many wonderful poems, but his novel, consisting of several separate parts-stories, stands out. In them, the main character Pechorin (whose name has actually become a household name) faces different people and situations, and his actions, his reactions to what is happening are often contradictory and inconsistent. He lives one day at a time, lives by emotions and his desires, without thinking at all about those around him, and putting his desires above all else. The people around him suffer from this selfishness and some of Pechorin’s actions end tragically for others._7.jpg)
14. “Minor”, Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin
Fonvizin’s wonderful and intelligent comedy is still poignant in its essence, because the characters and way of thinking of some of our contemporaries have not gone far from Fonvizin’s undergrowth and his mother. The plot is quite simple. There is a modest and educated girl, Sophia, to whom several heroes of this work are trying to woo. But each of them actually only thinks about their own situation, which will improve thanks to Sophia’s condition, because the girl is quite rich. The only young man who truly loves her, and to whom she reciprocates, subsequently saves her from annoying suitors._7.jpg)
15. “Oblomov”, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov
Roman Goncharov is a living example of the behavior of a person who is not interested in anything and even the thoughts themselves cause anxiety. The concept of “Oblomovism,” known to almost everyone, came precisely from this work. Actually, Oblomov himself, the main character of this novel, lives in St. Petersburg with his servant. Ivan Ilyich’s entire life is devoted to thinking about how good it would be to do this or that, but in reality all these empty dreams were never fulfilled by him. Due to the intrigues of one acquaintance, his life begins to change dramatically, but not in better side. He is deceived from all sides and is gradually deprived of his property and fortune. The woman with whom he was in a relationship is unable to bear it all and breaks up with him. The only friend helps Oblomov not to go completely out of the world, but the state of affairs remains terrible, health problems are added, and after some time, having survived adversity, the main character dies._7.jpg)
The classics, without a doubt, deserve the highest praise, but let's not forget about the new products in the world of literature. Let's get to know