The ancestors of the Indian population came to this land from different parts of the world. Therefore, today Indian fairy tales are told by hundreds of nationalities inhabiting the country.
How to distinguish an Indian fairy tale?
Despite all the diversity of cultures, religions and even languages, the best Indian fairy tales for children have some peculiarities. The main focus of most stories is:
desire to gain knowledge;
religiosity;
preference for a righteous lifestyle;
placing family values at the forefront;
inclusion of poetic forms.
Religious quotes and teachings are directly put into the mouths of some characters.
Brief history of creation
Old Indian legends date back to before our era. Then they were created as teachings for the sons of the ruler of the country. But they already had a fairy-tale form, they were written on behalf of animals. Most old collection directly with fairy tales - “Kathasaritsagaru”, based on ancient beliefs in traditional Indian gods.
Gradually everything came together folklore stories. Magical, everyday, love, and heroic tales arose. In the folk art of the country, many stories were written about ordinary people who have overcome all the adversities of fate. Fairy tales were spread about animals possessing all human qualities. They interacted with each other, denounced vices, and praised virtuous behavior. Often the narrative included short advice given by the wisest hero. This is how fairy tales remain today.
What attracts you to the amazing legends of India?
The fairy-tale fantasies of India attract with their amazingly colorful oriental flavor, storytelling style and, of course, abundance magical stories. At the same time, the child unobtrusively receives wise advice and forms a correct vision of the surrounding world of people and animals.
Ancient India - country fairy tales And amazing miracles- gave the world priceless art treasures. Monuments of ancient Indian architecture, sculpture and painting are distinguished by such living power of influence and such original beauty that they cannot be confused with monuments of another country. Originating in times as distant as the culture of Western Asia and Egypt, Indian culture in ancient times followed the same path of development as these countries. But it took shape in slightly different ways natural conditions, which left a special imprint on its formation. Belief in the miraculous power of nature became the basis of all Indian mythology and Indian culture. Indian mythology has provided enormous material for fine arts. Inextricably intertwined with each other, architecture, sculpture and painting have conveyed to our time in earthly and beautiful, and sometimes frightening images of people, animals and demons that legendary-mythological sense of the world, which originated in the depths of Indian fantasy back in ancient times.
Slide 2 from the presentation “Architecture of Ancient India” for geography lessons on the topic “India”Dimensions: 960 x 720 pixels, format: jpg. To download a free slide for use in a geography lesson, right-click on the image and click “Save Image As...”. You can download the entire presentation “Ancient India.ppt” in a zip archive of 3359 KB in size.
Download presentationIndia
"Japan China India" - Koran from the Ming Dynasty. Korean women in traditional casual costumes. The population of India is a diversity of races and peoples. China. Industry in Japan first developed along an evolutionary path. "Forbidden City" in Beijing with the Imperial Palace complex - Gukong. The western part of China is located within Central Asia.
“Architecture of Ancient India” - Freely placed rathas seemed to form part of the free world. A majestic bust of a three-faced deity who simultaneously embodies the forces of destruction. The portico with massive pillars also blocked the penetration of sunlight. author Zyryanova E.V. Fighting deer 17th century. Art of medieval India.
“Religion of India” - There is no division of society into varnas (castes). Sikh. Presentation: Religions of India. Jiva is a living, spiritual principle, possessing an eternal soul and consciousness. Samaveda - sacrificial songs. Brahmanism. Atharva Veda - prayer chants and spells. Shudras are servants, dependents. "Untouchables" Rigveda is a collection of ancient hymns.
Municipal state educational institution
"Baranovskaya average secondary school»
History Project
“India is the birthplace of fairy tales
about animals"
Completed by a 5th grade student
Ivanova Kristina
Head: Grigorova L. M.,
history and social studies teacher
With. Baranovo.
Introduction
1. Sacred animals of India
2. Tales about animals, their features and varieties
Conclusion
Sources of information
Applications
Introduction
India is one of the most amazing countries peace. Perhaps no country can compare with its rich culture, its customs, traditions, and religions. My acquaintance with India began in childhood, when I read R. Kipling’s fairy tale “Mowgli”. And then we studied India in history lessons.
India is located on the Hindustan Peninsula. It has rich plant and fauna. India is a “land of wonders”. She gave the world many amazing discoveries: cotton fabrics, cane sugar, seasonings, chess, numbers. India is a multinational country. Each nation has its own culture, language, traditions. India is a country with rich religious traditions.
Problem:
Why did animal stories appear in India?
Target my project: to find out the connection between religious beliefs and Indian folklore.
find information on the topic;
establish connections between religious beliefs and stories Indian fairy tales;
4) select and systematize required material;
5) compose a literary booklet of Indian fairy tales and recommend it to classmates for reading.
Topic of this project I didn't choose it by chance. I and all the kids in our class love fairy tales, especially fairy tales about animals. In history class we learned that India is considered the birthplace of fairy tales. “Why her?” I thought and decided to find out about this in more detail and introduce my research to the guys.
Sacred Animals of India
Hinduism is one of the ancient and main religions of India. Hinduism is a belief in myths and legends, the worship of gods, of which there are several thousand, but the main three are Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva. Hinduism is a way of life that emphasizes respect for animals. All animals were considered the brothers and sisters of man, whose common father was God. Hinduism emphasizes the kinship of man with all animals, and this makes it impossible to have a hostile or even indifferent attitude towards animals. Indians believe in the transmigration of souls - this is called reincarnation. If a person treats animals cruelly, then after death his soul will move into the soul of this animal and will also be subjected to violence. For the same reason, most Indians are vegetarians - they do not eat meat.
A special place in the religious beliefs of Hindus is the worship of sacred animals. The most revered animal in India is the cow. This animal is shown the greatest respect everywhere. She can move freely around streets , creating traffic jams. A normal sight for the streets of Delhi and Bombay is a situation where a cow blocked traffic and lay down to rest across roads. And the cars, in turn, wait patiently when animal will give way. Killing a cow in India is considered the most terrible crime. Ate beef in the next world there are so many difficult years of suffering, How many the cow has hairs on its body. Many temples in India hold festivals dedicated to cow . On this day, the cow is decorated with expensive, beautiful fabrics and garlands, and various dishes are presented to them. The cow represents abundance, purity, holiness. Just like Mother Earth, the cow is the principle of selfless sacrifice. It produces milk and other dairy products, which serve as the basis of a vegetarian diet.
Special attention And elephants are respected by Indians. According to Hindu traditions, any person who harms an elephant incurs a curse. One of the most revered and widespread deities in Hinduism is the elephant-headed god Ganesh. It brings wealth and prosperity. Helps in business and removes any obstacles.
Today, the elephant is a hardworking helper for peasants. Recently, regular censuses of these giants have begun to be carried out in India. The elephant's passport indicates the gender, age and special signs. Along with the passport, it is planned to introduce work books, where all actions in the field of serving people will be recorded. Elephant festivals are held in India in the spring. Dressed up giant elephants proudly parade through the streets, participate in various competitions and even dance. And in the fall, Ganesh's birthday is celebrated. Fruits, milk, and flowers are brought to the statues of the elephant god.
Another sacred animal is the rat. In the town of Deshnok, in Rajasthan, there is a unique temple created specifically for these animals. It bears the name of Karni Mata, a Hindu saint. She lived in the XIV-XVI centuries, and showed the world many miracles. Her mission is victory over obstacles, pain and suffering, protection, as well as destruction of everything that interferes with development.
According to local residents There are more than twenty thousand rats here. These are the happiest rats in the world. People do not disdain them, do not scream in horror when they approach. On the contrary, pilgrims from all over the country flock here to bring tribute to the rats, feed them, and express their respect. This is the only place in the world where people worship rats. Indians treat these animals with love and respect and firmly believe that they will bring happiness. Candy bitten by a rat is considered a sacred food.
The monkeys that live everywhere in India are also surrounded by an aura of holiness in India. According to legend, the kingdom of Hampi in Goya state was once ruled by monkeys, two brothers Bali and Sugriva. The evil Bali expelled his brother, and Sugriva and his devoted companions joined the army of King Rama. Rama helped him take the throne. Sugriva's friend Hanuman became Rama's faithful assistant. It was he who tied a torch to his tail to consecrate the battlefield and help Rama defeat the evil demon. Despite their holiness, monkeys often irritate Indians with their importunity, curiosity and thievery. A few years ago, near Jaipur, a monkey appeared and robbed houses after knocking on the door.
The spectacled cobra is considered sacred in Hinduism. According to legend, the god Vishnu, the patron of goodness and law, rests on it in the waves of the world ocean. Cobras also wrap around the neck of the omnipotent Shiva. They cover both the arms and the head with their rings. Buddha sat under the swollen hoods of a multi-headed cobra during his sermons, having previously turned her to the path of good by the power of his teachings.
Snake charmers are a special caste in India. They can be seen at all fairs and market streets in India, as well as in places visited by tourists. They squat in front of their round baskets, from which swaying cobras stick out, and play the pipes. Sometimes cobras begin to crawl out of their baskets and attempt to escape. But they are immediately caught and returned back.
Tales about animals, their characteristics and varieties
Fairy tales are one of the main genres of Indian folklore. Folklore is poetic creativity that grows on the basis labor activity humanity, reflecting the experience of thousands of years.
Fairy tales are epic, mostly prose works magical, adventurous or everyday in nature with a fantasy orientation. Their beginning was lost in the darkness of primitive times. Not every invention became a fairy tale. According to tradition, only what was important for people was passed down from generation to generation. Storytellers expressed the wisdom of their people, their aspirations and dreams. This is where the originality and uniqueness of fairy tales comes from.
The diverse and rich nature of India has greatly influenced folk culture its regions. Common names wild impenetrable nature in India - the jungle. Indian nature has been the subject of numerous tales and fables such as the Panchatantra and the Jatakas.
The genres of fairy tales are different: everyday, magical, fairy tales, legends, fairy tales about animals. Fairy tales can be original or folk. There are fairy tales that are instructive, kind, sad, and funny. But they are all magical. People believe in magic, and that goodness, truth and purity of thoughts will definitely prevail over evil, lies and pretense, and peace, love and justice will reign in the world.
Fairy tales are based on religious beliefs and the diversity of Indian wildlife. The characters in Indian folk tales about animals are usually represented by images of wild and domestic animals. Images of wild animals prevail over images of domestic animals: fox, panther, etc. Domestic animals are much less common. They do not appear as independent characters, but only in conjunction with wild ones: a cat and a ram, a bull and a pig. There are no tales only about domestic animals in Indian folklore.
The authors of fairy tales endowed animals with human character. They speak human language and behave like humans. In fairy tales, animals suffer and rejoice, love and hate, laugh and swear. Each character is an image of a certain animal, behind which stands one or another human character. For example, a jackal is cunning, cowardly; tiger - greedy and always hungry; Leo – strong, domineering; the mouse is weak and harmless. Labor triumphs over wealth, truth over lies, good over evil.
Fairy tales glorify the best human qualities: courage and resourcefulness, hard work and honesty, kindness and justice. Everything negative: selfishness, arrogance, stinginess, laziness, greed, cruelty - inevitably fails. Fairy tales are full of humor and everyday life life situations, are distinguished by their rich plots.
Each line is imbued with the people’s love for their own culture; they describe in detail the life of the inhabitants of ancient times.
For long history of its existence, India many times found itself under the yoke of Muslim rulers, which left a considerable imprint on folk art.
After the liberation of India from colonial oppression and the formation of a republic, new collections of fairy tales began to appear in different parts of the country - in Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Braj. In the new collections, folklore is presented for the most part, not in translations, but in those dialects in which the tales were recorded by collectors. A lot of work The collection of folklore is carried out by ethnographers and linguists - researchers of small peoples and their languages.
Conclusion
Thus, during the work we managed to learn a lot of new and interesting things.
In the folklore of the peoples of the world, fairy tales are the most amazing creation.
Fairy tales are a centuries-old encyclopedia folk life, but the encyclopedia is lively and entertaining. Magical and truthful, funny and a cautionary tale passed on from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.
Indian nature has been the subject of numerous tales such as the Panchatantra and the Jatakas. In India, the heroes of fairy tales are animals that the inhabitants feared and therefore revered.
Indian fairy tales are distinguished by their rich, exciting stories. Just like India itself, which attracts with its mysteries, so its fairy tales leave a lasting, good, unforgettable experience. Fairy tales ancient india, have been translated into many languages of the world, based on their stories interesting films and cartoons.
The finished product of the work on the topic “India - the birthplace of fairy tales about animals” was the literary booklet “What a delight these fairy tales are.” In it I recommend for reading fairy tales that are in school and Baranovskaya rural libraries. These are not only Indian folk tales, but also tales written English writer Rudyard Kipling. He was born and raised in India. All fairy tales are interesting and, most importantly, instructive.
Children's encyclopedia "1001 questions and answers", Moscow, "ONICS", 200
A Brief History of Indian Literatures. L., 1974
To prepare this work, materials from the site were used http://www.krugosvet.ru/
http://o-india.ru/2012/10/indijskie-skazki-i-skazki-ob-indii/
http://znanija.com/task/17673603
Appendix No. 1. The sacred animal of India is the cow.
Appendix No. 2. The sacred animal of India is the elephant.
Appendix No. 3. The sacred animal of India is the rat.
Appendix No. 4. The sacred animal of India is the monkey.
Appendix No. 5. The sacred animal of India is the cobra.
Appendix No. 6. Collections of Indian fairy tales Panchatantra and Jataka.
Appendix No. 6. Books of the Baranovsk Rural Library
Business card Country area: 3 million 288 thousand km 2 Population: 1 billion 10 million people Capital: Delhi Form of government: republic ATU: federation India is one of ancient states peace. In the past it was a colony of Great Britain, after the Second World War it achieved independence.
Economic-geographical position It is separated from China by the mountainous country of the Himalayas. Along the foot of the Himalayas flows through the lowlands great river Ganges. It is considered the sacred river of India. With the discovery of sea routes to India by Europeans, the era of the Great began geographical discoveries. The world's maritime trade routes pass through India. Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean, and it is also located halfway between the Middle and Far East.
Population India ranks second in population in the world, after China. Scientists count about 1.6 thousand dialects here. The official language is Hindi (the language of Hindustani, the largest Indian nation) and English. Bilingualism is widespread. The distribution of India's population is uneven.
Population The most densely populated fertile lowlands, plains in valleys and river deltas and sea coast. The level of urbanization (urban growth) in India is relatively low (30 – 40%). Major cities India: Delhi, Kolkata, Bompey, Chennai. The majority of the population lives in villages (there are more than 600 thousand), large and crowded. Almost ¼ of Indians live below the official poverty level.
Religion Hindus, Muslims 80% of the population are Hindus, Muslims constitute the largest religious minority - 11%, Sikhs - Buddhists 2.2% - Sikhs, Buddhists only 0.7%, most of whom converted to Buddhism quite recently. India is a secular state and any discrimination on religious grounds is punishable by law.
Industry B chemical industry The production of mineral fertilizers stands out. Pharmaceuticals are developing. India is the world's chromium exporter. She takes leading place in reserves of graphite, beryl, thorium, zirconium, and second place in the world in titanium production. Light industry is a traditional sector of the Indian economy, especially cotton and jute. Food industry produces goods for both domestic consumption and export. India ranks first in the world in tea exports.
Indian Agriculture Leading Industry agriculture India - crop production. In India they grow: grain crops: rice, wheat, corn, millet. The main industrial crops are cotton, jute, tea, sugar cane, tobacco, oilseeds (peanuts, rapeseed, etc.). Coconut palms, bananas, pineapples, mangoes, citrus fruits, herbs and spices are also grown.
Livestock Livestock farming is the second most important agricultural sector in India, far behind crop production. India ranks first in the world in the number of cattle and one of the last in the consumption of meat products, since the religious views of Hinduism support vegetarianism and prohibit eating beef and killing cows (in ancient India they were a symbol of fertility and prosperity). In coastal areas great value has a fishery.
Aviation, automobile, maritime and river transport. Indian car "Tata Nano" An-32. Indian Air Force Indian warship "Tabar"
Indian cuisine characterized by a wide variety of regional styles and sophisticated use of kitchen roots, herbs and seasonings. The main food products in the regions are rice and wheat. The most famous seasoning, originally originating from the Indian subcontinent and now consumed throughout the world, is black pepper.
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
KOMBAINOVSKAYA BASIC EDUCATION SCHOOL
NAMED AFGHAN WARRIOR ALEXEY DEMYANIK
Administrative
in history in 5th grade per course
"Story Ancient world»
2015 – 2016 academic year
Information and creative projects.
Using additional literature and online resources, collect information on one of the topics you have chosen:
Inventions and discoveries primitive people. What role did these discoveries play?inventions in the life of primitive people? Are they still in use today?
The most ancient types of writing. When, where and why did writing originate? How did ancient writing differ from our writing? What is the origin of our alphabet?
India – the birthplace of many fables and tales about animals. Get to know them. Which ones did you like best? How? What beliefs are associated with what is in ancient literature Indians actors often are animals?
Ancient culture of China. What achievements ancient culture Do living Chinese have a right to be proud of China?
Religions of the world. Followers of which ancient religions worshiped many gods? What religions are characterized by monotheism (worship of a single god)? Do not forget that one of these religions arose later than the others, in that historical era which is called the Middle Ages.
The sages of ancient times about the rules of behavior. What do these rules have in common? Why are the instructions of the biblical sages, Buddha, Confucius, Socrates valuable for people of our time? What are the teachings of Jesus Christ?
The structure of ancient states. How did governance in Athens under Pericles and the Roman Republic differ from governance in Ancient Egypt, Persia, and China?
Patriotism of the Greeks in the wars with the Persians. Why did democracy foster love for one's fatherland? What battles with the Persians and why can serve as an example of Greek patriotism?
Spectacles that arose in ancient times. Which ones are still loved today? What spectacles were prohibited at the request of Christians? Why?
Famous buildings and buildings of antiquity. What did they look like? Where and for what purposes were they created? Which of them have survived to this day?
Present the results of the project in the form of a presentation or prepare a detailed colorful message.
Interaction between teacher and students in the educational process
Stages
Teacher activities
Student activity
1. Development of design specifications
1.1 Selecting a project topic
The teacher selects possible topics and offers them to students
Students discuss and accept general solution on topic
The teacher invites students to jointly select a project topic
A group of students, together with the teacher, selects topics and proposes them to the class for discussion.
The teacher participates in the discussion of topics proposed by students
Students independently select topics and propose them to the class for discussion.
1.2 Identification of subtopics in project topics
The teacher preliminarily identifies subtopics and offers them to students to choose from.
Each student chooses a subtopic or proposes a new subtopic
The teacher takes part in a discussion with students about the subtopics of the project
Students actively discuss and propose options for subtopics. Each student chooses one of them for himself (i.e., chooses a role for himself)
1.3 Formation creative groups
The teacher conducts organizational work to unite students who have chosen specific subtopics and activities
Students have already defined their roles and are grouped according to them into small teams.
1.4. Preparation of materials for research
work
If the project is voluminous, then the teacher develops assignments, questions for search activities and literature in advance
Individual high school and middle school students take part in developing assignments.
Questions to find answers can be developed in teams followed by class discussion
1.5. Definition
forms of expression
results of the project
activities
The teacher takes part in the discussion
Students in groups and then in class discuss the forms of presenting the result. research activities: video film, album, natural objects, literary living room, etc.
2. Development
project
Students carry out search activities
3. Design
results
The teacher advises, coordinates the work of students, stimulates their activities
Students, first in groups, and then in interaction with other groups, formalize the results in accordance with accepted rules
4. Presentation
The teacher organizes an examination (for example, invites senior schoolchildren or a parallel class, parents, etc. as experts)
Report on the results of their work
5. Reflection
Evaluates his activities in the pedagogical management of children’s activities, takes into account their assessments
They reflect on the process, themselves in it, taking into account the assessment of others.
Group reflection is desirable
Project evaluation criteria are
Significance and relevance
Correctness of methods
Participants' activity
Depth of penetration into the problem
Evidence of conclusions
Registration of results
Project content:
title of the project topic;
relevance of the project, problem;
fundamental and problematic issues;
goals and objectives of the project;
problem solution hypothesis;
form for presenting the results of the project and materials prepared in accordance with it;
used literature and information resources;
problems that the authors encountered while working on the project, how they solved them, and what they learned.