The domestic clothing market is overflowing with products from Chinese, Turkish and Polish manufacturers. However, these products are not always characterized by acceptable quality: the parameters of the models do not correspond to figure standards, the size range differs from the generally accepted one, and the quality of tailoring leaves much to be desired. In this situation, buyers are increasingly paying attention to affordable and high-quality products made in local factories.
When drawing up a business plan for clothing production, you need to determine for which consumer the products will be intended. On initial stage An entrepreneur should definitely not compete with well-known global brands and focus on a wealthy audience spoiled by the attention of designers - it is better to give preference to the middle segment, in which for the buyer the quality of an item is much more important than the inscription on the tag.
Business Features
An entrepreneur who creates even a small production must understand that this area requires serious training and knowledge of the specifics of the industry. The reason is that many tailors who have successfully implemented the ideas of a sewing business at home or who have experience working in an atelier move to the next stage of development and open their own private factories. To compete with such workshops, you need to have not only organizational, but also creative abilities.To others important factor specialization seems to be: covering even three or four areas within a small enterprise is quite difficult. In addition, when producing heterogeneous products, productivity suffers greatly: seamstresses, forced to constantly switch between operations of different types, cannot concentrate on work and ensure the proper speed of technological processes. Therefore, before launching a workshop, you need to conduct a qualitative study and determine what is best to sew: a sewing business will be profitable only if you focus on the most popular types of products.
There are two main production models that an entrepreneur can successfully combine when developing a business concept. The first involves work to order: designers and companies that develop New Product, but do not have the available capacity to manufacture it. In this case, products are released under a third-party brand, which eliminates the cost of promoting it and allows you not to think about sales channels.
When implementing the second model, the enterprise goes through a full cycle, starting with the development of new products and ending with their sale under its own brand. An entrepreneur who chooses this path must clearly understand the quantitative and qualitative composition of the target audience, to attract which it is necessary to regularly conduct marketing activities. In this case, the attention of potential buyers can be focused on the following factors:
- Quality. The owner evaluates the quality of the item based on many criteria, paying attention to the fabric, threads, accessories, fit, behavior during washing and ironing. It is believed that high-quality clothing should be beautiful, practical and reliable at the same time;
- Price policy. The price of a thing must correspond to its quality - no one will buy expensive consumer goods, but high-quality clothing cannot be cheap either. Unreasonable deviations from the market price most often cause doubts and suspicions among consumers;
- Demand. You shouldn’t get too carried away with the release of exclusive or elite designer models - people buy simple things much more often: a shirt, skirt, jeans or underwear.
Production technology
The process of organizing a clothing business must take place in accordance with generally accepted technology for industrial production of clothing, including the following stages of product creation:
- Design. The fashion designer develops sketches of the future product, selects the type of fabric, accessories and colors;
- Construction. Based on sketches, the designer develops drawings, determines the dimensions of parts, and then creates patterns and technical documentation;
- Open it up. Next, the cutter gets to work. Using patterns, he transfers the details of the product onto the fabric and cuts them out using scissors or cutting units;
- Sewing. Seamstresses finish the edges and then sew the pieces together according to the instructions. At this stage, two methods of labor distribution are used: in the first case, each master sews the product completely, from start to finish, while in the second, the seamstress performs one or two simple operations, and then transfers the semi-finished product further along the conveyor;
- Finishing. Operators of auxiliary mechanisms sew buttons, zippers, install rivets and complete the finishing of the product;
- Package. A quality control employee checks the product for compliance with quality requirements, attaches tags to it, and then transfers the product to the warehouse.
Business registration
Entrepreneurs working from home usually do not pay attention to the issues of registering an enterprise and draw up business plans for sewing studios without taking into account tax payments. However, the larger production, which employs wage-earners, definitely needs to be legalized. This procedure consists of several simple steps:- Submitting an application in the prescribed form to the Federal Tax Service;
- Registration with tax authorities;
- Choosing an appropriate taxation system;
- Registration in the Pension Fund and the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund;
- Concluding agreements on the rental of industrial premises, pest control, garbage removal, recycling of fluorescent lamps and washing of work clothes;
- Obtaining work permits from the SES and State Fire Inspectorate;
- Production of company seals;
- Opening a current account.
Businessmen registering a small workshop can choose one of the available forms of ownership - individual entrepreneur or LLC. Before you start a sewing business from scratch, you should study the differences between them and choose the most suitable option:
Comparative characteristics of forms of ownership
| Form | IP | OOO |
| State duty | 800 rub. | 4000 rub. |
| Application for registration | form P21001 | form 11001 |
| Application for transition to the simplified tax system or UTII | + | + |
| Minutes of the meeting on the creation of the SPD | – | + |
| Copies of passports | + | + |
| SPD Charter | – | + |
| Owner's insurance premiums | + | – |
| Authorized fund | – | 10,000 rub. |
| Number of owners | one owner | up to 50 |
| Profit distribution | optional | dividends |
| Registration in funds | when hiring workers | Necessarily |
| Limits of owner's responsibility | personal property | LLC property |
Workshop premises
When looking for a place to locate a workshop, entrepreneurs have to explore dozens of options: creating a sewing business involves using a well-lit, heated room with comfortable conditions for workers. Therefore, mini-factories are often opened on the basis of old administrative buildings, closed kindergartens and schools: the main requirement is the presence of a spacious hall for arranging the production area, as well as several smaller rooms - here you need to equip administrative offices, a bathroom, a dining room and a warehouse.
The location of the enterprise does not affect its status: preference should be given to suburbs, industrial zones and residential areas with low rent. Before organizing a sewing business, you must make sure that the production is accessible by transport - otherwise, the entrepreneur will have to buy or hire a bus for daily transportation of employees.
The business plan for a small sewing workshop with a monthly turnover of 1.7–2 million rubles should include the rental or purchase of premises that meet the following requirements:
Sufficient area. The area standards for each seamstress are 4–6 m² when producing products from light fabrics, and 7–8 m² when sewing outerwear. It is also necessary to allocate space for passages, install auxiliary equipment, organize workplace fashion designer and cutters. The final layout of the 210 m² room will include:
- Production area for ten seamstresses - 100 m²;
- Cutting area - 25 m²;
- Ironing space - 15 m²;
- Fashion designer's office - 15 m²;
- Office of the director and accountant - 13 m²;
- Rest and meal room - 20 m²;
- Warehouse - 20 m²;
- Bathroom - 2 m²;
- Electricity supply. The total power consumed by sewing equipment of a workshop of the specified sizes can reach 18 kW. In addition, some machines require connection to a three-phase line with a voltage of 380 V;
- Water supply. According to hygienic requirements, the room must be connected to water supply and sewerage lines;
- Lighting. Working with a sewing machine requires high precision operations and good coordination of movements. Therefore, the illumination at the desktop level should not be lower than 750 lux. For local illumination of the working area, LED or fluorescent lamps are additionally used;
- Microclimate. For this type of work, the room temperature in winter should be between 19–25°C with a maximum humidity of 75%. In summer, an increase to 27°C is allowed with a humidity of 55–60%. In any case, the air flow speed should not exceed 0.2–0.5 m/s.
sewing machines
When developing a business plan for a sewing workshop with calculations, an entrepreneur may be faced with a huge variety of existing types of equipment: each manufacturer has more than a dozen types of overlockers alone. To draw up the correct specification, you should select in advance the main profile of the enterprise: sewing leather jackets requires a slightly different set of machines than sewing bed linen.
Before opening a sewing business, you should also purchase various racks for fabric, threads and scraps, brackets for patterns and hangers for finished products, and arrange workplaces for the manager, accountant and fashion designer.
Sewing shop equipment
| Name | price, rub. | Quantity, pcs. | Cost, rub. |
| Production | |||
| Straight stitch sewing machine | 19800 | 6 | 118800 |
| Knitting sewing machine | 20300 | 3 | 60900 |
| Hemming sewing machine | 28500 | 1 | 28500 |
| Overlock | 33500 | 2 | 67000 |
| Riveting machine | 40700 | 1 | 40700 |
| Loop machine | 68600 | 1 | 68600 |
| Button machine | 40100 | 1 | 40100 |
| Accessories for machines (needles, belts, presser feet) | – | – | 5000 |
| Sewing machine table | 2800 | 10 | 28000 |
| Overlock table | 2800 | 2 | 5600 |
| Interoperational conveyor | 6200 | 8 | 49600 |
| Table for additional equipment | 3600 | 3 | 10800 |
| Basket for finished products | 2500 | 10 | 25000 |
| Dummy | 4700 | 2 | 9400 |
| Ironing system | 40600 | 1 | 40600 |
| Steam generator | 6500 | 1 | 6500 |
| Clothes rack | 2500 | 10 | 25000 |
| Ironing press | 15600 | 1 | 15600 |
| Warehouse rack | 3500 | 5 | 17500 |
| Packing table | 2500 | 1 | 2500 |
| Ceiling lighting | 1200 | 10 | 12000 |
| Sewing machine light | 1350 | 15 | 20250 |
| Air conditioner | 35000 | 1 | 35000 |
| Cutting shop | |||
| Cutting table 1.8x4 m | 34500 | 1 | 34500 |
| Tailoring tools | – | – | 5000 |
| Bracket for patterns | 8500 | 1 | 8500 |
| Rotary knife | 15600 | 1 | 15600 |
| Fabric rack | 3500 | 2 | 7000 |
| Ceiling lighting | 1200 | 6 | 7200 |
| Fashion designer's workplace | |||
| PC or laptop | 18000 | 1 | 18000 |
| Printer for printing patterns | 8000 | 1 | 8000 |
| Dummy | 4700 | 2 | 9400 |
| Ceiling lighting | 1200 | 4 | 4800 |
| Table lamp | 1500 | 1 | 1500 |
| Work desk | 3500 | 1 | 3500 |
| Chair | 1100 | 2 | 2200 |
| Stationery | – | – | 1000 |
| Office | |||
| Director's PC | 18000 | 1 | 18000 |
| Accountant's PC | 18000 | 1 | 18000 |
| MFP | 10000 | 1 | 10000 |
| Telephone set | 1500 | 2 | 3000 |
| Network router | 2000 | 1 | 2000 |
| Internet access line | 1000 | 1 | 1000 |
| Ceiling lighting | 1200 | 4 | 4800 |
| Table lamp | 1500 | 2 | 3000 |
| Air conditioner | 16000 | 1 | 16000 |
| Work desk | 3500 | 2 | 7000 |
| Chair | 1100 | 4 | 4400 |
| Stationery | – | – | 3000 |
| Utility rooms | |||
| Ceiling lighting | 1200 | 4 | 4800 |
| Dining table for staff | 2000 | 4 | 8000 |
| Chair | 900 | 16 | 14400 |
| Bathroom set | 15000 | 1 | 15000 |
| Microwave | 4500 | 1 | 4500 |
| Electric kettle | 1400 | 1 | 1400 |
| Personal locker for clothes | 3300 | 15 | 49500 |
| Total: | 1046950 | ||
Staff
Sewing production requires high team coordination: in the technological process there is a close relationship between workers, so a failure at any stage can lead to a sharp decrease in the productivity of the entire enterprise. Personnel must be selected very carefully, taking into account not only professional, but also personal qualities of employees - responsibility, commitment, diligence. The business plan for a small sewing enterprise involves hiring:
- A fashion designer who creates new products and patterns for them;
- A technologist who develops assembly maps and sequences of operations, as well as controls the process of their implementation;
- Cutters who cut out parts of fabric products according to patterns;
- Seamstresses with experience in handling different types of machines;
- Operators of overlockers, button, rivet and buttonhole machines;
- Specialists working with ironing equipment;
- Administrative staff.
Thus, when developing a business plan for clothing production with calculations, the following staffing table should be included in its composition:
Workshop staffing table
| Name | Rate, rub. | Qty | Amount, rub. |
| Technologist | 30000 | 1 | 30000 |
| Seamstress-motor operator | 25000 | 10 | 250000 |
| Auxiliary Equipment Operator | 25000 | 2 | 50000 |
| Cutter | 28000 | 2 | 56000 |
| Ironing shop worker | 20000 | 1 | 20000 |
| Fashion designer | 30000 | 1 | 30000 |
| Cleaning woman | 15000 | 1 | 15000 |
| Mechanic at ½ rate | 10000 | 1 | 10000 |
| Storekeeper | 10000 | 1 | 10000 |
| Accountant | 20000 | 1 | 20000 |
| Payroll tax | – | – | 147300 |
| Total: | 638300 | ||
According to sanitary requirements, all employees who have direct contact with products must keep their medical records up to date, undergo regular preventive examinations and get vaccinated.
The piecework wage system for seamstresses deserves special attention. The amount of remuneration is calculated based on industry time standards: for example, 21 minutes are allocated for the production of a men's shirt. With the expected monthly salary In 25,000 rubles, the cost of a working minute is 2.37 rubles: thus, for sewing one product, a seamstress receives 49.77 rubles. It should be noted that when determining the amount of remuneration, you cannot use the data given in the business plans of sewing studios for small businesses: in individual production, slightly different time standards are used, exceeding industrial ones by tens of times.
Standards for sewing products
Range
The clothing industry of the light industry includes hundreds various directions: within the framework of the project, an entrepreneur can equally successfully sew fur coats or produce children's rompers. The only condition is the specialization of the enterprise: for example, it is quite difficult to organize the simultaneous production of knitted T-shirts and winter down jackets. Before opening a sewing business from scratch, it is also advisable to take into account the needs of the regional market and the profile of competitors’ activities in order to highlight free niches and organize the production of the most popular goods.
When listing the most popular ideas for the sewing business, we should mention the production of such products as:
- Clothing and linen for babies and young children;
- Teenagers clothes;
- Clothes and underwear made of knitwear;
- Leather, fur and suede products;
- Business suits and clothing for special occasions;
- Wedding dresses and suits;
- Jackets, coats and other outerwear;
- Sports and dance costumes;
- Workwear;
- Curtains, bed linen, bedspreads, tablecloths and other interior textiles.
Raw material suppliers
Currently, there is no shortage of accessories, threads or fabrics on the market: even a small manufacturer can order a batch of raw materials from Europe or China. Some entrepreneurs personally visit Middle Eastern countries because the materials they need are produced only here. However, on the Russian market it is also easy to find suppliers offering the widest range of goods, including delivery and the ability to order via the Internet.
When choosing contractors, it is imperative to focus on the needs of the target audience: for example, European fabrics, although of excellent quality, are characterized by a high price, and therefore products made from them are bought mainly by wealthy clients. Consumers with average incomes prefer things made from materials produced in Russia or China: at a low cost, they are of quite acceptable quality.
Where to start a sewing business: after determining the main range of the enterprise, it is advisable to establish contacts with such suppliers and obtain a catalog of samples. Depending on the product range, a wide variety of fabrics are used in production: cotton, wool, viscose or polyester. In addition, when sewing many types of clothing, duplicating and lining materials are used - dublerin, non-woven fabric, twill. It should be remembered that natural linen, silk or woolen fabrics have the highest price, which directly affects the cost of the product, so it is worth working with them only if there is a guaranteed sale.
Sales of products
Entrepreneurs who start their own clothing business often underestimate the saturation of the market and assume that wholesalers and stores will immediately show interest in new products. However, most often the opposite happens: warehouses are filled with unclaimed products, costs rise, and the new enterprise is gradually approaching bankruptcy. To avoid this, you need to look for distribution channels and enter into agreements with partners at the initial stages of creating a business, simultaneously with searching for premises and selecting equipment.
In contrast to the methods given in the business plans of sewing studios with calculations, activities related to the promotion of industrial production should not be aimed at attracting the end consumer, but at increasing brand awareness. What can be used to stimulate sales:
- Advertising in specialized print media;
- Sponsorship participation in events of interest to the target audience;
- Production of POS materials intended for placement at points of sale;
- Direct contacts with wholesale resellers;
- Negotiations with owners of brick-and-mortar and online stores;
- Outdoor advertising on billboards and city lights.
It is advisable to create a corporate website for an enterprise, since it is much easier to promote a sewing business with its help: here you should place information about the assortment, wholesale and retail prices, terms of cooperation, publish contact information for wholesale buyers. Some entrepreneurs go further and turn the site into a full-fledged online store that delivers not only to neighboring regions, but throughout the country.
Investments
It is quite difficult to develop a complete economic model of an enterprise: when carrying out calculations, a large number of variables are used - such as the percentage of defective raw materials and finished products, time standards and material consumption, average labor productivity and much more. The following sample business plan for a sewing production with calculations, compiled for a workshop producing the mentioned men's shirts, will help you roughly estimate the profitability.
Start-up costs
The indicated amount of 1.54 million rubles is not final: to launch the production line, you will also have to purchase materials, threads and accessories in order to provide the enterprise with raw materials for at least a month of operation. The volume of these reserves is calculated taking into account the range and estimated production capacity; in addition to their monthly replenishment, the entrepreneur will have to allocate a certain amount to pay rent and utility bills.
Current expenses
When calculating the material cost of products, industry-standard fabric and thread consumption standards are used, developed for all main types of products. Before starting a sewing business from scratch, it is advisable to study this data and evaluate the profitability of producing certain items of clothing.
Material consumption rates
| Name | Fabric, m | Threads, m | Accessories, rub. | Amount, rub. |
| Straight skirt | 0,8 | 100 | 90 | 166,6 |
| Jacket with lining | 1,5 | 150 | 120 | 885,0 |
| Mens pants | 1,3 | 270 | 80 | 216,3 |
| Lined jacket | 2,2 | 200 | 160 | 1279,8 |
| Shirt | 1,8 | 120 | 100 | 308,5 |
| Knitted blouse | 1,6 | 100 | 80 | 264,6 |
| Long sleeve dress | 2,2 | 150 | 120 | 316,9 |
| Sleeveless dress | 1,5 | 100 | 90 | 224,0 |
Revenues and profitability
In addition to the cost of materials, the price of the finished product also includes overhead costs and trade margins. The value of the latter is determined mainly by the sales method: in retail sales, the margin can reach 120–200%, while when working with wholesale buyers, the maximum value is 25–35%.
For example, the wholesale price for men's shirts of average quality from Chinese fabrics reaches 540 rubles with a material cost of 308.5 rubles. Taking into account the standard time (21 minutes), the duration of the shift (8 hours) and the number of working days in the month (22 days), we can calculate the monthly production volume for a team of ten seamstresses: in this case it will amount to 5030 products excluding defects.
Product cost calculation
The development of the economic part of a business plan for a clothing factory ends with the calculation of economic indicators - average profitability and payback period of the enterprise. It should be noted that the second value can be adjusted depending on the degree of production utilization and the speed of product sales: in practice, it takes 3–4 months to develop a customer base and reach the design capacity.
Video on the topic
Economic indicators of the workshop
Conclusion
Any idea for a clothing business should be based on the real needs of customers. To monitor the dynamics of demand and stay ahead of competitors, you need to constantly study fashion trends and the latest design developments, and then adjust the assortment, offering customers only the latest clothing models.
If you are concerned about the question of how to open a sewing shop from scratch, we will describe in detail how much such an undertaking costs and draw up a business plan based on average indicators. But to achieve success in this type of activity, you need to apply not only organizational talent, but also a creative approach to finding your niche.
For a beginner in business, it is important to go through the whole process step by step, tackling issues gradually. And so as not to forget anything, we will describe each item in detail. And since opening a sewing workshop for tailoring clothes has its own characteristics, we will dwell on the nuances and distinctive characteristics of this enterprise.
Where to begin?
Before you start organizing any business, you need to look around and study the market in a particular region. Assess the demand for various types of textiles, clothing, soft toys and other things that you could offer to the end consumer. Establish the number and level of main competitors in the selected industry. This is the only way you can decide whether it’s worth doing something like this and whether it’s profitable.
It is very important to decide on the product range. Some types of clothing, for example, are available on the market in too large quantities and at an affordable price, which will be difficult to compete with. Other goods may be in short supply, but the demand for them is extremely high. This is the best market segment to conquer.
Only by coming up with a unique and profitable idea of what exactly you will sew, you can achieve success even with minimum investment. But this will require time and imagination. After all, it’s not worth reducing the cost of your products due to low quality fabrics or poor work of inept employees. You must offer something necessary, High Quality and at a price affordable for the buyer.
It is very important to take into account not only the wishes of future clients, but also your own own capabilities mainly financial. By drawing up a competent business plan with calculations at the very beginning, you will know exactly how much it costs to open a sewing shop of the desired size and how quickly your investment will pay off.
Business registration
To act within the law, you will need to go through the bureaucratic part of organizing your enterprise. First you need to register as an individual entrepreneur ( individual entrepreneur) or LLC (limited liability company). In the first case, you submit the following documents:
- a receipt for payment of state duty in the amount of 800 rubles;
- application in form P21001;
- copies of all pages of the civil passport;
- you clarify the taxation system, for example, when choosing the simplified taxation system (simplified scheme), or you remain on the general one, which, in principle, is unprofitable for small businesses.
When organizing legal entity You will need a little more documents:
- Receipt for payment of a fee in the amount of 4,000 rubles.
- Similar application to the previous one, but form 11001 is selected.
- If there is a single owner, a decision to create a company is submitted. If the enterprise has several co-founders, then an opening protocol is drawn up.
- An LLC charter is also created.
- Copies of passports of all owners of the company.
- Statement on the chosen taxation system.
When opening an individual entrepreneur, the number of days for reviewing and issuing relevant documents is much less than when creating a legal entity. All you have to do is wait for a response from the tax service.
It is important to clarify the code of the selected activity of the enterprise in the documents. It could be:
- 21 – when sewing workwear;
- 22 – if you settled on outerwear;
- 24 – indicates other types of goods and various accessories.
A separate stage will be obtaining permits from the SES, GPN and Rospotrebnadzor. To avoid any problems with these authorities, you need to find out in advance the full list of their requirements for organizing the workplace and arranging the sewing workshop in order to bring the premises to the specified parameters.
Production volumes
How much money is required at the start, the number of staff, the size of the premises, the sales market and much more will depend on your ambitions. Therefore, it is advisable from the very beginning to think about what volumes of goods you intend to produce and sell.
If this is a small enterprise, then the number of finished products produced per day will be limited to 25-50 units. To open such a business, an investment of 400 thousand rubles is enough. At the same time, you can concentrate on some unique and exclusive offer, and set prices above market prices.
If you have the desire and opportunity to create a large enterprise with access to the wholesale market and for sales throughout the country, daily production turnover increases to 150-200 products per day. Wherein start-up capital must be at least 5 million rubles. Not everyone can afford this.
But the result of the activity will not keep you waiting long. Even with the cost of finished products at a minimum level, due to large quantities of goods, you can quickly achieve payback and make a significant profit in a short period of time.
Find your niche
As already mentioned, you should decide what exactly you will sew. There are the following directions:
- Clothing, which, in turn, is divided into women's, men's, children's, outerwear, sports, special (uniforms), home, holiday, business, etc.
- Fabric toys.
- Various textiles (curtains, towels, etc.).
- Accessories (scarves, bags), etc.
In accordance with this, it will be necessary to find workers who know how to make just such products and purchase special equipment. In order to expand the range and create interesting offers for customers, you can sometimes combine some of the options. For example, when sewing children's clothing, we can also produce various accessories for mothers or toys for babies.
Technological process
Every seamstress knows what stages clothes go through before they can be used for their intended purpose. Nevertheless, we will list the main stages of work in order to more rationally organize the production process and distribute the premises into zones.
- At the initial stage, the style itself is invented and the future product is designed, a sketch is drawn. This is what a fashion designer or designer does. He thinks over not only the silhouette, but also selects color scheme, suitable material, etc.
- Next, you need to transfer the idea onto the fabric with a certain accuracy and make calculations for each detail. This is the work of the designer who creates a drawing for implementation creative idea. He develops patterns, specifies the dimensions of the future product, draws up technical documentation and calculates the amount of material that will be needed.
- Cut out the fabric itself.
- Every detail is processed and the finished product is sewn together.
If your atelier is small, with a limited staff, then the functions of a fashion designer and designer can be performed by a cutter. He communicates with clients, clarifies their wishes, takes measurements, cuts out details and controls the entire process. Separately, in the sewing workshop, they process the fabric according to the instructions and connect the parts of the product to each other.
Choosing a room
The location of the workshop itself is not of fundamental importance. It will be more profitable if it is located somewhere on the outskirts or even outside the city, in industrial areas. So, the rent will be lower, which will save your costs.
But the size of the studio is of great importance. The documents indicate that one employee must have at least 7 square meters. m. of free space. Therefore, depending on the expected production turnover and the number of hired personnel, it will be necessary to accurately calculate the dimensions of the building.
In addition to the sewing workshop, there should be other areas, such as a warehouse, a cutting room, ironing areas, staff rest areas and a bathroom. Taking this into account, the minimum dimensions of the rented premises are approximately 60-70 square meters. m. It is important to take care of sanitary standards, lighting, ventilation and heating. Remember that the building must meet all the requirements of regulatory services.
We buy equipment
The most expensive part in the process of organizing a business will be the acquisition of specialized equipment, tools and other equipment. In this case, it is very important to make an accurate calculation of what equipment and in what quantity you will need.
Also pay attention to models, power and other parameters, since the speed of production and the quality of finished products will depend on them. You should not save on important equipment, because its breakdowns and repairs will lead to downtime. And poor-quality equipment will ruin expensive fabric.
You can pay attention to domestic car models, as they are of high quality and affordable cost. If you purchase used equipment, you need to evaluate its condition so that you don’t have to deal with unexpected costs later.
So for not large volumes production will require:
- Cutting tables.
- Straight stitch machines.
- Overlocker and cover stitcher.
- Steam generator.
- Several irons.
- Special ironing press.
- Working surfaces for basting parts and smoothing fabric.
- Button apparatus.
- Shelving.
- Tools – knives, scissors, chalk, pins, needles, etc.
Staff
You will definitely need to hire a certain number of people to perform the various stages of sewing products. The result of the business will largely depend on the level of their training, since experienced craftsmen will be able to work faster and more accurately. But here you will need to masterfully think through the ratio of price and quality.
So, to save money, it is profitable to hire about 60-70% of highly qualified specialists, and hire recent students for the remaining jobs. As a result, the former will teach the latter all the intricacies of the business, the team will work harmoniously, and you will partially reduce wage costs.
If we talk about the specialists that will be required, then these should be:
- cutters;
- seamstresses;
- cleaning woman;
- a person responsible for receiving orders or selling products in bulk, for example, a manager.
If you plan to immediately start with large volumes of production, then additionally hire a fashion designer or designer, as well as an accountant. If the focus of the business is narrow, attention should be paid to the appropriate specialization of each seamstress. To motivate key employees to fulfill the production plan, set payment for work on a “salary plus interest” system.
Consumables
In order for the manufactured product to be of high quality, you need to purchase appropriately good fabrics, threads, decorative elements and accessories. To do this, find a reliable supplier, or even better, cooperate directly with textile manufacturers. When purchasing raw materials from the factory, you will significantly save on this type of cost.
You can also search for the desired fabrics and other components at wholesale stores in this area or study offers on the Internet. The main thing is not to get lost in your priorities - by trying to save money by using cheap and low-quality raw materials, you will ruin the reputation of your company.
Even before the launch of the first batch of goods, it is advisable to worry about where you will sell the finished products. And although it does not have an expiration date and almost does not deteriorate, it is still not recommended to keep textile products in a warehouse for a long time. Firstly, they will go out of fashion. Secondly, over time the product will lose its attractive appearance. And thirdly, the business will not develop, and you will be left without profit.
The whole idea of organizing a sewing enterprise is to sell the goods produced. Therefore, you need to find a permanent market for your products. For this purpose, you can enter into agreements with private stores, retail chains, pavilions selling textiles or clothing. Some entrepreneurs, if they have enough finance, open their own stores.
To promote your business you can use accessible ways advertising:
- Through the media.
- Ads.
- Internet.
- Create your own website with photographs of the main models and prices for them.
- Make business cards.
- Conduct screenings.
When sewing workwear, it will be enough to conclude a cooperation agreement with plants, factories and other industrial buildings. Then you can fulfill their orders on an ongoing basis.
When sewing exclusive products you need Special attention focus on finding clients. For example, by providing high-quality and beautiful items to fit a figure with non-standard sizes, you can be sure that such customers will return more than once.
Mini studio at home
For those who do not have enough finance to immediately open a full-fledged clothing workshop, we can suggest starting with smaller volumes. In this case, it is enough to equip one of the rooms as a small workshop, where you will independently sew clothes, textiles or toys to order.
This way of organizing a business is justified when creating limited quantity exclusive and unique models. To do this, you just need to come up with unusual products and find your buyer. And only by creating a sufficiently extensive client base can you expand, rent premises and purchase specialized equipment.
Financial part
But that is not all. After all, considerable sums will be spent monthly on the maintenance of the sewing workshop.
Depending on the volume of production, as well as on the set prices and the number of buyers found, the entire income will depend. For example, per month you produce on average about 500 finished products from purchased raw materials. Price per unit – 1500 rubles. Then the revenue will be 750,000 rubles. Net profit – 375,000. As a result, full payback is achieved within two months of productive work.
But you need to understand that you may not reach such speeds right away. At first, the quantity of goods sold, even with established production, will be significantly lower. Experienced entrepreneurs say that payback is most often achieved within six months of operation of a small company.
Video: how to open a sewing production?
* The calculations use average data for Russia
Clothing is one of the most in-demand products, no matter what happens in politics and economics. Clothing is something that, along with food and shelter, we need every day. IN difficult years the consumer can limit himself to the necessary minimum of clothing, and also increase the duration of its use. However, a person simply cannot completely abandon its use. This applies, of course, only to everyday clothing (or, according to the generally accepted industry classification, household products). In addition to it, as we know, there is also special-purpose clothing: workwear, uniforms, sportswear, etc. Demand for each of these categories is determined by a number of completely different factors. Depending on the group under consideration, production technology may also differ significantly.
Each class is also divided into five groups according to operating conditions:
Outerwear;
Light dress;
Linen and sewing haberdashery;
Hats;
Inventory, equipment and other products.
Perhaps the best ratio of demand and profitability among household products is a light dress. Its diversity also plays a role here - for men it is shirts, vests, jumpers, jackets, trousers, jeans; for women - blouses, sweaters, pullovers, cardigans, skirts and trousers and much more. Also here, great demands are placed on product design. And the wardrobe of light dresses is updated with high frequency, including due to seasonality.
On the other hand, precisely because the demand for casual clothing is high, competition in this area is very fierce, and constantly changing trends in world fashion adjust this demand towards one manufacturer or another. And manufacturers have to adjust their range in accordance with fashion trends. The one who manages to do this quickly, efficiently and without significant financial losses survives.
In general, manufacturers of household garments can be divided into two categories according to the method of generating profit.
1. By promoting your own brand. The owner of the brand develops the design and construction of the product, produces it and independently promotes it on the market. At the same time, he can use both his own labor and intellectual resources, as well as outsourced specialists and contractors. The brand unites a wide range of products, the distribution of which is carried out through its own retail stores, wholesaler stores or franchisees. The advantage of this form of business is a higher rate of profit; Difficulties include high risks in developing and promoting the brand.
2. By concentrating on our own production. As a rule, such organizations act as contractors for sewing batches of garments on a toll basis. They can only have a highly specialized production line - knitwear, textiles. Or they can have a full cycle production, from design to packaging. Profitability in this case is ensured by the absence of costs for maintaining a brand - advertising costs, costs for maintaining a large sales department or a network of retail stores.
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A different situation is observed in the market of workwear and uniforms. Design and world fashion hardly have any influence here; Functionality and practicality rule here. Requirements for such products, as a rule, are established by the customer and directly depend on their purpose. As for demand, it is determined in most cases by the situation in the relevant market and its solvency. The peculiarity of these areas is that the demand for products is usually formed in large quantities, purchases are carried out through tenders and competitions. This provides the manufacturer, on the one hand, with long-term loading, and on the other, reduces the profitability of the business compared to household products.
So, if you are thinking about getting into clothing production, the first thing you should decide is whether you want to develop your own brand, getting the satisfaction of publicity and social recognition, or whether you just want to make money by focusing on the production process. In the first case prerequisite will include having your own designer(s), a laboratory for experimental tailoring and a talented marketer; Having designers and technologists is highly desirable, but not necessary - their work can be outsourced. Own production capacity may be minimal, but in this case it is necessary to properly establish relationships with contractors. In the second case, depending on the planned volume of activity and available investments, you can limit yourself to a good technologist who will perform the functions of a production manager, or you can create a full staff production department: designers, technologist, cutters, etc. In subsequent calculations of economic efficiency this direction business, we will take as a basis only a production line with a staff of seamstresses and a production manager-technologist. Additional work and services will form the added cost of tailoring.
Working with your own brand in most cases involves positioning in the market of household products or sportswear. Less often - in the workwear market. The fame of the brand or brand in the case of uniforms and workwear, especially when participating in tenders, is practically irrelevant. Therefore, the production of such categories of garments will most likely be the domain of the second group of enterprises.
We will begin the calculation with this option. First you need to select a room. For small (up to 10 people) and medium-sized (10-25 people) production facilities, the area of auxiliary premises, such as a warehouse, wardrobe, eating place, toilets, offices of engineers (at least the production manager), will be approximately equal to the area of the production line itself . The area required for the line is calculated based on the type of product produced and the number of employees. So, when sewing light knitwear, one worker has 4-5 sq.m.; in the production of more complex textile products - already 5-6 sq.m.; Well, the production of outerwear will require 6-8 sq.m. per person. These are just approximate figures; in practice, much depends on the type of equipment used, the configuration of the premises, and, ultimately, on the qualifications and skills of each employee. However, when calculating, we will be guided by them.
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So, to sew textile products (this can be both household products and workwear and uniforms) with a team of 15 people, you will need a production area of 75 sq.m. The auxiliary premises will take up the same amount. In total, we get the required area of 150 sq.m. At the current rental price - 75,000 rubles per month. If we are considering creating our own brand, we will need additional premises: an office for administrative staff and a sales department; additional space for warehouses of fabrics, accessories and finished products; showroom. All together this will amount to at least 100 sq.m. or 50,000 rubles.
You can save on production space by introducing shift work work – two 12-hour working days and two days off. With a constant output, this will reduce the occupied area, or, with a constant area, increase output.
Another opportunity to reduce rental and labor costs is to locate production not within the boundaries of a large city (even if sales will be carried out within its boundaries), but in the region. In this way, you can achieve even thirty percent savings.
Subtract 10% for various losses - sick leave, vacation, downtime due to defects or equipment malfunctions, we get 2376 man-hours of working time per month.
Output is calculated based on established time standards - for each product there is a strictly defined time. There are industry standards that were widely used in Soviet times. But over the years, technologies, materials and equipment have changed, but the standards have remained the same. Therefore, today sewing enterprises develop standards independently, based on the characteristics of the premises, equipment and other factors. For newcomers to the industry, the solution may be to borrow standards from experienced players market.
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For example, sewing a light dress on a production line can take an average of 0.7 hours, trousers for men or women - 0.5-1 hour, a textile jacket with or without lining - 1.5-2 hours, respectively. If we proceed from the option of sewing uniforms or workwear, then the number of trousers and jackets will be the same, and the time spent on the product can be averaged to 1 hour. If you plan to produce lightweight textile products, time costs will be reduced to 0.5-1 hour per product; If you add lightweight knitwear to the assortment, this figure can be reduced to 0.3 hours. Everything will depend on the assortment matrix - the share of a particular product in the total assortment.
So, when sewing uniforms, the monthly output will be:
Today, the average market cost of sewing trousers is 200 rubles, a simple-cut textile jacket is 300 rubles; We accept 250 rubles for the calculated value. Monthly revenue will be:
Since in the considered option the material (fabric, accessories, threads) is provided by the customer, the costs of its purchase are not taken into account. However, it is necessary to mention the following nuance: the tolling basis is assumed in the customer-contractor relationship, but not the customer-supplier relationship, as is the case, for example, with a tender held by a department. In this case, the manufacturer purchases the material at his own expense and on his own.
As for equipment, there are no problems with its purchase today. You can buy both new and used equipment in any quantity. Japanese sewing machines and overlockers have the best combination of price and quality; for the cutting area, you can choose knives (for large volumes - belt cutting machines) made in Poland and China. The cost varies widely - from 650,000 to 20,000 rubles per new car with drive. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully determine the range, production volumes, prospects for expansion and modernization, and only then proceed to the selection of equipment. It is best to contact the supplier to select a kit. For our calculation option, it is advisable to budget 1.0-1.3 million rubles for the purchase of sewing equipment. A cutting table with a reciprocating knife will cost an additional 35,000 rubles, and with a cutting and tape machine - 400,000. Production capabilities can also be expanded with knitting and embroidery machines, but such work is usually subcontracted to highly specialized companies.
The presence of one or more designers on staff requires the availability of specialized software - sewing CAD systems, the cost of which reaches hundreds of thousands of rubles. You will also need one or two plotters for printing patterns; A digitizer may also be useful for digitizing them. In the most budget option, you can budget 200,000 rubles for this. It must be remembered that having a designer on staff (or, moreover, several) is beneficial only when the company is constantly developing new models. Otherwise, it is easier and cheaper to turn to familiar specialists or purchase a ready-made medical base.
If you decide to create a brand of fashionable clothing, you cannot do without a laboratory - an experimental workshop, where trial products will be sewn and refined to the standard. The laboratory consists of 3-5 experienced seamstresses, provided with high-quality equipment. In the context of equipment costs – 300,000 rubles.
If the company plans to purchase large volumes in-house various types fabrics, the warehouse will need a rejecting and measuring machine, which is used for rewinding, rejecting and re-measuring material from a roll. The cost of such equipment will average 170,000 rubles. For a warehouse of finished products with a wide range, you will also need standard warehouse equipment - from shelving to label printers and data collection terminals, which will cost at least 300,000 rubles. In the case of sewing large batches of standard products, such difficulties will not be required.
At the final stage, it is necessary to equip the office: purchase furniture and office equipment; equip a dressing room and a dining area. All this will cost 150-300 thousand rubles.
Another important point, which you need to pay attention to is product certification. According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 1, 2009 No. 982, underwear products, fur clothing and children's clothing of all categories are subject to mandatory certification, however, the ConsultantPlus system indicates almost all categories of clothing products as excluded from the list of products subject to mandatory certification. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly clarify the conditions in local authority certification.
Summing up the intermediate result, we can sum up the investment costs in the minimum and maximum options. The data is summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Investment costs
So, as can be seen from Table 1, the order of investment costs can vary widely: from 838,000 in the case of organizing a simple workshop for sewing a narrow range of products and purchasing budget equipment to 3,702,000 rubles in organizing a wide-profile enterprise with a staff of designers and technologists, as well as high quality equipment. And this is not the final amount - as they say, there is no limit to perfection.
Recruiting staff is also not easy. Fewer and fewer educational institutions provide training in the professions of seamstress and cutter. And few graduates prefer to work in trade and other potentially higher-paying industries. Average age Today, the number of seamstresses working in the profession is 40 years. Partly for this reason, partly due to the peculiarities of the professional education of the working staff in general, even with a fully staffed team, there is a high risk of production downtime due to seamstresses not coming to work. Pay for this position is piecework; when production volumes decrease, seamstresses go to work part-time in other workshops to cover time off, sick leave, vacations, etc. Serious sewing production involves a continuous organization of labor, i.e. each worker performs one or more specific operations, but does not completely sew the product from start to finish. Hence specialization arises, and when one worker leaves, there is a risk of stopping the entire flow. To prevent such a situation, it is necessary to have several generalist specialists in the team who, if necessary, can take on problematic operations.
On-line quality control requires special attention. Operational work differs significantly from the work of a tailor, for example, in an atelier. It requires high speed and accuracy; if a defect from one seamstress goes to the next operation, it may go unnoticed until the very end production cycle, and will be detected only upon acceptance of the finished product. At best, this will lead to complete or partial disassembly of the product in order to eliminate defects. At worst - to its complete rejection. If the defect arose not because of sloppiness, but because of incorrect execution of the operation, this can lead to the rejection of the entire batch.
The selection of engineering and technical personnel, which should include designers, technical designers, technologist, quality control inspector and production manager, is also difficult. There are not many universities in the country that train graduates of such specialties, and the popularity of the specialties is falling catastrophically. The situation in general outline similar to the situation with production workers. Employers retain qualified specialists with high wages, while a weak designer or technologist can force the enterprise to incur serious losses. The conclusion from the above is that the search and selection of production personnel at all levels must be approached extremely seriously.
The company's staff and wage fund are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Staffing table and wage fund
Previously, we calculated the amount of revenue when fulfilling an order for sewing uniforms consisting of trousers and a jacket. The proceeds turned out to be equal to 594,000 rubles, which fully covers the costs of labor and rent of premises. However, the resulting figure reflects a rather pessimistic version of the development of events - fulfillment of orders from customer-supplied raw materials in accordance with customer requirements, lack of our own design and sales system, etc.
The development, production and marketing of more diverse and complex products will not only increase the costs of the enterprise, but, significantly to a greater extent, will increase revenue and profitability.
In the case of creating and promoting your own brand, there are several marketing strategies that can be used both individually and in combination.
Own retail store/chain.
Distribution through third party retail stores.
Own online store.
Third-party online trading platforms.
Selling a franchise.
Each of these strategies has advantages and disadvantages. Create your own retail network leads to huge capital investments - opening one store will cost no less than 1 million rubles, and with a new unknown brand it will reach the break-even point in 9 months at best. An online store is a seemingly fashionable and promising thing. But you need to try on clothes - an opportunity that an online store does not provide. Therefore, it is necessary either to organize fitting in the presence of a courier, which, accordingly, requires a delivery service, or to give the buyer the opportunity to return the goods. A detailed discussion of each strategy will require a separate article.
So, most simple option is the organization of a highly specialized sewing workshop, focused on sewing large batches. Minimum capital investments, minimum organizational difficulties, but also minimum profitability. If you have serious investment opportunities, then by organizing not just a workshop, but a sewing production with a name, you can make a profit of 200,000 rubles per month. But it is necessary to remember: the more complex the production and sales, the higher the risks.
Denis Miroshnichenko
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Where to begin?
When we talk about clothing production, two scenarios are possible. In the first case, the entrepreneur purchases equipment, hires staff and collects orders from various designers, companies and even other industries that do not have enough capacity to produce everything that is needed. In this case, there is no question of creating your own clothes and brand; there is no need to think about how to sell the products.
The second case - and this is exactly my situation - implies that the product will first be manufactured, the demand for it will be studied and distribution channels will be found, and only then will its own factory be launched.
Both types of production can work in symbiosis, and each path has both pros and cons. To launch a production that processes orders, you will need large sum investments and fixed costs. The advantage of the second way is that there are no fixed costs No. But at the same time, you cannot control the production process and the deadlines for fulfilling the order from the contractors.
If there were factories that were hired to produce products on time and with high quality, I would not open my own production.
An unsuccessful choice of the target audience and a lack of understanding of its priorities can put an end to your entire business. Many of the jacket manufacturers closed simply because they focused on fashion and made for young people. This was a road to nowhere, since young people would rather go to the market and buy a fake, but well-known brand there, rather than quality clothes from a little-known brand.
I immediately decided to go a different route and chose an older audience for myself - 30-40 years old. These are people who no longer care about the tags on their clothes. It is important for them that the products are of high quality and convenient. A little later, we reoriented ourselves a little and now we sew clothes primarily for travel, but we also have urban models of jackets.
Keep in mind that you should not sew a large batch of products at once. To begin with, it is better to make a small number of products and see how they sell.
Having decided on the target audience and products, you need to think about sales channels. For example, you can sell your products both to wholesalers, who will resell them in their stores, and to retail customers through your own chain of stores or an online store with delivery. We use both methods in our practice. But our main focus is still on retail buyers.
There is no point in starting your own production spontaneously. An ideal option if you already have some experience in the clothing industry or light industry, or entrepreneurial experience. In this case, you will have an idea of the work and certain connections in this environment. It is advisable to take a look at how work is done by other manufacturers. In addition, you should immediately attract professionals to your team who can be trusted to solve highly specialized issues in which you are not entirely competent. Good technologists, designers and production directors will save you from headaches.
Investment size
The amount of investment will depend mainly on what kind of production you want. If you plan to simply take orders from others, work on customer-supplied raw materials, you need at least 20-30 machines to have a sufficient output volume. With small volumes, such sewing production will not be profitable.
In addition to 20 regular sewing machines, you will need 10 more different devices: overlockers, button and rivet machines, and so on. Prices for such tools can be very different, but you can count on an average of 15 thousand rubles for a used car. If you work on customer-supplied raw materials, the fabric, threads, accessories and other necessary things will be provided to you by the customer, so this expense item is eliminated.
But keep in mind that workers will have to pay wages from the first day of production opening, and there will most likely not be large orders at first.
The biggest problem of any production is fixed costs.
Personal experience
I chose a fairly narrow audience - travelers - and began to act through it. I sewed a test batch of jackets and distributed them to people who actively travel and are known in certain circles. They began to mention our products on their blogs and post photos. But the real breakthrough came after one of the bloggers came to talk about the jackets.
The conversation was not so much about jackets as about business, and the guest asked permission to record the conversation on a voice recorder. After this, he published a recording of the conversation on his blog. I was surprised that the record received so many positive reviews. After this publication, I began to receive offers of cooperation from federal newspapers and television channels. So the coolest part of my brand PR cost me next to nothing.
One way or another, the entrepreneur is faced with the question of where to get the money to start his production. After all, 2 million rubles are not lying around on the road. The very first thought is to get a loan, but in today’s conditions, loans are increasingly turning into a stone that drowns a business.
The most reasonable way is gradual financing. It is quite possible to collect a couple of hundred thousand rubles, and you can start something with this amount. This scheme is best used if you are launching your own brand.
It is very difficult to apply such a scheme to sewing production using raw materials supplied by customers. Therefore, it is worth trying to attract an investor, for example, by promising him a share in the business. Although investors invest in production very reluctantly - there are many risks, and the profitability is small.
Step-by-step instruction
So, at first you need to decide on the type of clothing production, the target audience, calculate the amount of financing and find its source. After this, you can proceed directly to creating production. And the first thing you need is to find suppliers of equipment and raw materials.
As you know, buying is always easier than selling. There are a lot of equipment suppliers - from used to the newest and most modern - in Russia. At the same time, most of them are now extremely willing to make contact, because there are no queues of buyers lining up for them. Finding such suppliers is not difficult at all via the Internet. The main thing is to decide what kind of equipment you need and what price you are willing to pay for it.
When choosing a fabric supplier, you need to proceed from what kind of products you have. For example, if you sew clothes in the premium segment, it makes sense to spend money on expensive European fabrics. At the same time, there are a lot of suppliers on the market working with Russia and China. Fabrics produced in these countries can be much cheaper, so if you work for a consumer with an average income, it is better to prefer them. But it is important that the quality of the fabric remains at a decent level, and that it is not produced in a handicraft factory.
If you have a large enough production volume, you can contact factories directly. Although intermediaries now also do not “inflate” prices much.
The main difficulty in the clothing industry is finding good staff. To begin with, you will need a production manager who will strictly enforce discipline. He must be motivated to do his job well. In addition, it is important that he understands the production process itself and can suggest how to correct something.
You will also need a cutter who can not only cut according to ready-made patterns, but can also make changes to them. For a large production, two cutters will be needed.
An important figure is a technologist who will select optimal operating modes, control the quality of products, improve the production process, etc.
If you plan to design clothes yourself, you will need a designer who will make patterns. But if you are simply going to work with third-party orders, it is also advisable to have such a specialist on staff. Often the customer does not provide any patterns, but simply brings a sample of the finished product. Therefore, there must be a person in production who will recreate the pattern based on the appearance of the jacket.
I do not advise hiring young employees for production, since they are not motivated, and as a result, the quality of work suffers.
Negligent attitude of staff towards work entails direct material losses: careless employees can simply ruin good, expensive material. As a rule, people of pre-retirement age approach their responsibilities more responsibly. And it’s not just about experience or financial motivation. Most of these people are simply embarrassed to do their jobs poorly.
The advantage of sewing production is that the working hours can be almost any. The main thing is that it is sewn during the shift required amount products. When I opened production in St. Petersburg, we started working at 10 in the morning. But when I moved to Veliky Novgorod, I was faced with the fact that workers want to “judge” the shift time so as to be able to get to their plots in time. Therefore, in winter and autumn we usually work from 8 to 5, and in the summer we start even earlier. The question of how many shifts to introduce at your enterprise depends on its load and the number of orders.
When deciding where to open a production facility, it is worth deciding not only on the area and infrastructure, but also on the city. It is best to open in small cities. As a rule, renting premises there is much cheaper, and in addition there are more chances to establish connections with local management, which can be very useful.
In terms of location, you don't need good foot traffic or a central location. Moreover, renting a room in the city center is quite expensive, so it is better to choose a location on the outskirts. But remember that it should be convenient for employees to get to work. The size of the room will depend mainly on how many workstations you have. There are no special repair requirements.
The requirements for sewing production are specified in detail in SanPiN 5182-90, issued back in 1990. But many of the requirements in it are actually outdated. For example, the document stipulates a requirement not to exceed a noise level of 80 dBA, but in fact no separate measures to reduce the noise level are needed, since modern sewing machines operate quite quietly.
The main requirement is good lighting.
IN sewing workshop There should be sources of natural light, as well as fluorescent lamps. In addition, each workplace must be equipped with local lighting.
To start work, no permits from the SES or firefighters are required. All Required documents and the contract must be provided to you by the landlord. It is also advisable to certify production in accordance with ISO 9001.
Remember that current laws prohibit business inspections for the first three years if no complaints have been received against you. That is, you will have a reserve of time to calmly, without haste, collect all the documents, bring the premises into compliance with the standards, get certified and work.
Documentation
In the case of clothing production, it is preferable to register an LLC rather than an individual entrepreneur. Simply because in the eyes of the customer, the LLC looks much more reliable.
Best to choose simplified mode taxation. If you work on customer-provided raw materials, choose the formula “income minus expenses.” Accounting will be more strict, but you will be able to save money, since your main expense item will be staff salaries.
Being engaged in sewing at home, many people think about opening a full-fledged business - their own atelier or even a sewing workshop. If you are one of those who are interested in the question of where to start sewing production, then this article is just for you.
In a business area such as clothing production, competition is quite high, so your production must stand out from competitors with excellent product quality and a competitive price. When starting this type of business, it is better to immediately decide on your specialization - bed linen, knitwear, or even a specific type of clothing (workwear, winter jackets, etc.).
Drawing up a business plan
Let's determine the amount of initial costs for opening a sewing workshop:
- equipment from 350 thousand rubles;
- advertising from 50 thousand rubles;
- rent before opening from 40 thousand rubles;
- renovation of premises from 70 thousand rubles.
In total, at first you will have to spend from 510 thousand rubles. In addition, you will have monthly expenses, which will be:
- staff salaries about 200 thousand rubles;
- rent from 40 thousand rubles;
- materials for work from 350 thousand rubles;
- advertising from 30 thousand rubles;
- taxes.
Every month you will need to spend from 620 thousand rubles. In total, in the first six months of work you will have to spend at least 1,130 thousand rubles.
Since the above business plan assumes the presence of 10 employees, you can count on 800 thousand rubles of profit per month. Taking into account the fact that the first months of work, after opening a sewing business from scratch, the profit will be less, we can assume that the payback period will occur no earlier than 6 months after the start of work.
Selection of premises
Before you open a sewing production from scratch, you need to start looking for suitable premises. Such premises may be premises of suitable size, located in the industrial part of the city, where the rent is significantly lower than the cost of rent in the city center.
When selecting the area of the premises, it is necessary to focus on sanitary standards, which establish that each employee must have at least 7 square meters.
In addition, the premises for sewing production should include, in addition to the sewing workshop, an ironing area, a cutting room, a warehouse, a recreation area and a bathroom.