On the topic "Reflection of tragic conflicts in the destinies of heroes of works about the civil war (work of choice)." Reflection of the tragic conflicts of history in the fate of the heroes of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”

18.04.2019

The system of “imaginary” conflict resolutions in Racine’s tragedy “Andromache”

1. Tragedy - conflict resolution

Tragedies, oh vitality, in everyday life on stage their outcome is different, they are deprived of their reason by deceit, greed, power, where is the biblical outcome hidden?

For the first time in November 1667, Racine staged his great tragedy "Andromache", which was a tremendous success.

Turning to the origins of the ancient Greek mythological themes of the great ancient Greek myth of Hector and Andromache, glorified by Homer, Euripides and many other ancient authors, repeatedly attracting the attention of almost all generations of humanity.

Adept of the poetic legend about the young son of Hector Astyanax to his national history, sensual and tragic.

The young man Astyanax did not die, as ancient authors say, he was miraculously saved and founded the monarchy, becoming the progenitor of the French kings. This is what the ancient French chronicles said. The plot, based on the legend of Andromache and her son, flattered the national consciousness of the French during Racine's time.

Andromache - wife of Hector, the warrior who led the Trojans in Trojan War, whom Achilles killed, after the war she became a captive of Achilles’ son, Pyrrhus.

The problem of choice has always been painful and unique for humans; honor and duty, love and betrayal are at stake.

The world is full of passion, jealousy, devotion and greed, everyone loves without deception, whoever ordered is the hero.

According to Racine’s concept, only in this case can the hero save his life and rise to the occasion; in all other cases, when the duty is forgotten, misfortune and death await the hero. Pyrrha, who made Andromache queen, was treacherously killed in front of the altar by the Greeks, led by Orestes, who carried out revenge for the abandoned Hermione, called on them to take revenge on the Greeks for their new husband. So she fulfilled her debts and was saved.

Those who forgot about duty under the influence of the passion of unrequited love suffered the collapse of life: Pyrrhus was killed, Hermione committed suicide, Orestes went mad.

Depicting Andromache's triumph on stage would have reduced the tragedy of the work, but there was another reason for the absence main character in the final. Racine the psychologist explores the problem of unrequited love as a real human tragedy; Andromache is no exception - her love for Hector could not be realized and made her unhappy, regardless of whether she was a captive or a queen. However, the depiction of Andromache's suffering would contradict the philosophical pathos of glorifying loyalty to duty. So, Racine found the most accurate artistic solution to this contradiction.

Corneille's tragedy is very different from Racine's “love” tragedy. Thus, for all the closeness of his tragedies to their European sources, there is also a significant difference, especially in relation to Racine.

In Andromache, the central motif is destructive passion.

Racine has these central characters are carriers of a single dramatic action.

And Racine is not immoral: his Andromache represents a positive contrast to the other leading characters of the tragedy. On the other hand, Pyrrhus, Hermione and Orestes, despite their disregard for moral principles, are by no means clearly negative heroes: being in the grip of demonic passion, which tears them out of the moral order, these three heroes do not control themselves, they are not free. It is difficult, if not impossible, to discern moral condemnation in this situation.

In Racine, man is a victim of forces over which he has no control. The passion of Pyrrhus, Orestes and Hermione manifests itself as a fatal force against which man is helpless. The power here is not with man, it is with the gods. In an effort to update French tragedy through references to classical tragedy, Racine introduces the idea of the power of fate - an idea that was close to him thanks to his adherence to French Jansenism with its doctrine of predestination (as you know, Racine was a pupil of Port-Royal)

Analysis of William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet"

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Contradictions in the character of John Thornton in E. Gaskell's novel "North and South"

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The system of “imaginary” conflict resolutions in Racine’s tragedy “Andromache”

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Comparative analysis stories by V. Astafiev “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess” and “Lyudochka”

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The theme of social and psychological conflict in the drama “Masquerade” by M.Yu. Lermontov

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The tragedy of the Gulag in the works of V. Shalamov

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The complexity of creative searches and the tragedy of the destinies of Russian writers and poets: A. Akhmatova, B. Pasternak, O. Mandelstam, N. Zabolotsky and others.

M.I. Tsvetaeva. Information from the biography.

Poems: “To my poems, written so early...”, “Poems to Blok” (“ Your name- a bird in hand..."), "Who is created from stone, who is created from clay...", "Longing for the homeland! For a long time…",

The main themes of Tsvetaeva’s creativity. The conflict between everyday life and existence, time and eternity. Poetry as a tense confessional monologue. Folklore and literary images and motifs in Tsvetaeva’s lyrics. The originality of the poetess's style.

Literary theory

O.E. Maldenstam. Information from the biography.

"Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails...", "For the explosive valor of the coming centuries...", "I returned to my city, familiar to tears...". The poet's confrontation with the “wolfhound century.” The search for spiritual support in art and nature. Petersburg motives in poetry. The theory of the poetic word of O. Mandelstam.

Literary theory: development of the concept of means of poetic expression.

A.P. Platonov. Information from the biography.

The story "Pit".

Search positive hero writer. Unity of the moral and aesthetic. Labor as the basis of human morality. Principles of character creation. The social and philosophical content of A. Platonov’s work, the originality of artistic means (the interweaving of the real and the fantastic in the characters of truth-seekers, the metaphorical nature of images, the language of Platonov’s works). Traditions of Russian satire in the writer’s work.

Literary theory: development of the concept of writer's style.

M.A. Bulgakov. Information from the biography.

Novel "The Master and Margarita". The originality of the genre. The novel's versatility. System of images. Yershalaim chapters. Moscow of the 30s. Secrets of human psychology: fear powerful of the world before the truth of life. Woland and his entourage. Fantastic and realistic in the novel. Love and fate of the Master. Traditions of Russian literature (the works of N. Gogol) in the works of M. Bulgakov. The originality of the writing style.

Literary theory: variety of types of novels in Soviet literature.

A.N. Tolstoy. Information from the biography.

"Peter the First". The theme of Russian history in the writer’s work. "Peter the First" - art history Russia of the 18th century. The unity of historical material and artistic fiction in the novel. Image of Peter. The problem of personality and its role in the fate of the country. The people in the novel. The pathos of the struggle for the power and greatness of Russia. The artistic originality of the novel. Film adaptation of the work .

Literary theory: historical novel.

M.A. Sholokhov. Information from the biography.

"Don Stories" novel " Quiet Don" (review).

The world and man in the stories of M. Sholokhov. The depth of realistic generalizations. The tragic pathos of "Don Stories". Poetics of the early works of M. Sholokhov.

"Quiet Don" An epic novel about the fate of the Russian people and the Cossacks during the Civil War. The originality of the genre. Features of the composition. The collision of the old and new worlds in the novel. Mastery of psychological analysis. Patriotism and humanism of the novel. Image of Grigory Melekhov. The tragedy of a man from the people at a turning point in history, its meaning and significance. Women's destinies. Love on the pages of a novel. Multifaceted storytelling. Traditions of L.N. Tolstoy in the novel by M. Sholokhov. The originality of the writer's artistic style.

Literary theory: development of the concept of the writer’s style.

Literature of the Great Patriotic War and

first post-war years

Literary and artistic figures in defense of the Fatherland. Painting by A. Deineka and A. Plastov. Music by D. Shostakovich and songs of the war years (S. Solovyov-Sedoy, V. Lebedev-Kumach, I. Dunaevsky, etc.). Cinematography of the heroic era.

Lyrical hero in the poems of front-line poets: O. Berggolts, K. Simonov, A. Tvardovsky, A. Surkov, M. Isakovsky, M. Aliger, Yu. Drunina, M. Jalil and others.

Realistic and romantic depiction of war in prose: M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man” and others.

Stories and novels by B. Vasiliev “And the dawns here are quiet”, V. Rasputin “Live and Remember”, etc.

A. A. Akhmatova. Life and creative path.

Poems "Song of the Last Meeting" “I don’t need odic armies,” “I clasped my hands under dark veil...”, “I am not with those who abandoned the lands..”, “Native land”, “I had a voice” . Poem "Requiem". Akhmatova’s early lyrics: the depth, brightness of the poet’s experiences, his joy, sorrow, anxiety. Theme and tone of the lyrics of the period of the First World War: the fate of the country and the people.

Personal and social themes in poems of the revolutionary and first post-revolutionary years. Themes of love for native land, to the Motherland, to Russia. Pushkin's themes in Akhmatova's works. The theme of love for the Motherland and civil courage in the lyrics of the war years. The theme of poetic skill in the work of the poetess.

Poem "Requiem". The historical scale and tragedy of the poem. The tragedy of life and fate lyrical heroine and poetesses. The originality of Akhmatova's lyrics.

Literary theory: the problem of tradition and innovation in poetry. Poetic mastery.

B.L. Parsnip. Information from the biography.

Poems: “February. Get some ink and cry...", "Hamlet", “In everything I want to get to the very essence...”, “Winter Night. Aesthetic searches and experiments in early lyrics. Philosophical lyrics. The theme of the path is the leading one in Pasternak’s poetry. Features of poetic perception. Simplicity and lightness of late lyrics. Originality artistic form poems.

A.T. Tvardovsky. Information from the biography.

Poems: “The whole essence is in one single covenant”, “In memory of the mother”, “I know: it’s not my fault...”, "On the day the war ended..." Poem “Vasily Terkin”, “By right of memory”.

The theme of war and memory in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky. Affirmation of moral values.

The lyrical hero of the poem "Vasily Terkin", his life position. The artistic originality of A. Tvardovsky’s creativity.

Literary theory: Russian traditions classical literature and innovation in poetry.

Literature of the 50s–80s (review)

Death of I.V. Stalin. XX Party Congress. Changes in the social and cultural life of the country. New trends in literature. Topics and problems, traditions and innovations in the works of writers and poets.

Reflection of the conflicts of history in the destinies of the heroes: A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” and others.

A new understanding of the problem of man in war: Yu. Bondarev " Hot Snow”, V. Bogomolov “Moment of Truth”, V. Kondratyev “Sashka”, etc. Study of the nature of heroism and betrayal, philosophical analysis of human behavior in an extreme situation in the works of V. Bykov “Sotnikov”, etc.

The role of works about the Great Patriotic War in the education of patriotic feelings of the younger generation.

Poetry of the 60s . Searching for something new poetic language, form, genre in the poetry of B. Akhmadullina, R. Rozhdestvensky, A. Voznesensky, E. Yevtushenko, B. Okudzhava and others. Development of the traditions of Russian classics in the poetry of N. Fedorov, N. Rubtsov, Yu. Drunina and others.

Reflection on the past, present and future of the Motherland, affirmation of moral values in the poetry of A. Tvardovsky.

« Urban prose» . Subjects, moral issues, artistic features of the works of Yu. Trifonov and others.

« Village prose» . A depiction of life in a Soviet village. Depth, integrity spiritual world a person connected by his life with the earth, in the works of B. Mozhaev, V. Shukshin, and others.

Historical theme in Soviet literature. Resolving the issue of the role of personality in history, the relationship between man and power in the works of S. Alexievich and others.

Author's song. Its place in the historical and cultural process (meaningfulness, sincerity, attention to the individual). The significance of the creativity of V. Vysotsky, Yu. Vizbor, B. Okudzhava and others in the development of the genre of art song.

Multinationality of Soviet literature.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Information from the biography.

« Matrenin Dvor » . “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich.” A new approach to depicting the past. The problem of generational responsibility. The writer's reflections on the possible ways of human development in the story. The skill of A. Solzhenitsyn - a psychologist: the depth of characters, historical and philosophical generalization in the writer’s work.

V.M. Shukshin. Information from the biography .

Stories: "Weirdo", « cut off», « « Oratorical reception» . A depiction of the life of a Russian village: the depth and integrity of the spiritual world of the Russian person. Artistic features of V. Shukshin's prose.

Russian literature of recent years (review)

Abstract topics

XIX century

ON THE. Nekrasov is the organizer and creator of the new Sovremennik.

Roman I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” as a socio-psychological and philosophical novel.

“Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev - history of creation, problems and artistic originality. V.G. Belinsky about “Notes”.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev, his problems, ideological content and philosophical meaning.

The main conflict of the novel “Fathers and Sons” and its reflection of the socio-political struggle on the eve of and during the reforms.

The image of Bazarov as a “transitional type” of a “restless and yearning man” in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

Controversy surrounding the novel. DI. Pisarev, M.A. Antonovich and N.N. Fears about “Fathers and Sons.”

I.S. Turgenev “Poems in Prose”, themes, main motives and genre originality.

Drama “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky.

The problem of personality and environment, ancestral memory and individual human activity in relation to the moral laws of antiquity.

The innovative character of A.N.’s dramaturgy Ostrovsky. The relevance and topicality of the problems raised in his works.

Soul and nature in the poetry of F.I. Tyutcheva.

Features of love lyrics by F.I. Tyutchev, its dramatic tension (“Oh, how murderously we love…”, “Last Love”, “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864”, etc.).

The spontaneity of artistic perception of the world in the lyrics of A.A. Feta (“Don’t wake her up at dawn…”, “Evening” “How poor our language is!..”, etc.).

Genre diversity of creativity of A.K. Tolstoy. The main motives of the poet’s lyrics (“Among the noisy ball...”, “Not the wind, blowing from above...”, etc.).

“Fairy Tales” by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, their main themes, fantastic orientation, Aesopian language.

Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", the formulation and solution in it of the problems of moral choice and human responsibility for the fate of the world.

Raskolnikov and his theory of crime.

The essence of “punishment” for a lost person and her path to spiritual rebirth in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

N.S. Leskov and his tales about truth-seekers and people's righteous people (“Soborians”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “Lefty”).

“War and Peace” L.N. Tolstoy. Concept, issues, composition, system of images.

Search for a positive hero and ideals of A.P. Chekhov in his stories (“My Life”, “House with a Mezzanine”, “The Jumper”).

Innovation of Chekhov's dramaturgy.

The cognitive, moral, educational and aesthetic role of Russian literature of the 19th century, its global significance and relevance for modern times.

The end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century

Modernist movements. Symbolism and young symbolism. Futurism.

Motives of the immortality of the soul in the works of I.A. Bunina.

A.I. Kuprin. Statement of high moral ideals of the Russian people in the writer's stories.

The concept of society and man in the dramatic works of M. Gorky.

Autobiographical stories by M. Gorky “Childhood”, “In People”, “My Universities”

Ideals of serving society as interpreted by V. Ya. Bryusov.

The theme of the historical destinies of Russia in the works of A.A. Blok.

Acmeism as a movement in literature; representatives of Acmeism.

Fate and Creativity M.I. Tsvetaeva.

M. Sholokhov's epic novel “Quiet Don”. The uniqueness of the depiction of Russian character in the novel.

Soviet historical novel“Peter the First” by A. Tolstoy.

Satirical novels and stories by I. Ilf and E. Petrov.

Reflection of the tragic contradictions of the era in the works of A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam.

Development of Russian traditions folk culture in the poetry of the 30s by A. Tvardovsky, M. Isakovsky.

Patriotic poetry and songs of the Great Patriotic War.

M.A. Sholokhov - the creator of the epic painting folk life in "Don Stories".

Military theme in the works of M. Sholokhov.

The originality of the composition of the novel " White Guard» M.A. Bulgakov.

Early lyrics of B. Pasternak.

A. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. A book about a fighter - the embodiment of a Russian national character. I. Bunin about “Vasily Terkin”.

“Camp” prose of A. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago”, novels “In the First Circle”, “Cancer Ward”.

Philosophical novels by Ch. Aitmatov: “Stormy Stop”, “And the Day Lasts Longer than a Century”, “The Scaffold”.

Philosophical fantastic prose by A. and B. Strugatsky.

Neomodernist and postmodernist prose by V. Erofeev “Moscow - Petushki”.

Artistic development everyday life modern man in the “cruel” prose of T. Tolstoy, L. Petrushevskaya, L. Ulitskaya and others.

The spiritual world of the Russian person in the lyrical verses and poems of N. Rubtsov.

Philosophical and parable narrative about the war in V. Bykov’s stories “Sotnikov”, “Obelisk”, “Sign of Trouble”.

Manifold folk characters works of V. Shukshin.

Early stories by A. Solzhenitsyn: “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “Matrenin’s Yard”.

Poetry of the 60s XX century.

N. Rubtsov. The development of Yesenin’s traditions in the books “Star of the Fields”, “The Soul Keeps”, “The Noise of Pines”, “Green Flowers”, etc.

I. Brodsky's Nobel lecture is his poetic credo.

Books of poems by I. Brodsky “Part of Speech”, “The End of a Beautiful Era”, “Urania”, etc.

Social and psychological dramas by A. Arbuzov “Irkutsk History”, “Tales of the Old Arbat”, “Cruel Intentions”.

Theater of A. Vampilov: “The Eldest Son”, “Duck Hunt”, “Provincial Anecdotes”, “Last Summer in Chulimsk”.

Conventional metaphorical novels by V. Pelevin “The Life of Insects” and “Chapaev and Emptiness”.

Literary criticism of the mid-80s–90s. XX century

Development of the detective genre at the end of the twentieth century.

THEMATIC PLAN

Name of sections and topics	Number of hours
Name of sections and topics

LITERATUREXIXCENTURIES
Introduction
Russian literature second half of the 19th century century
Study time reserve
Total
LITERATUREXXCENTURIES
Introduction
Russian literature at the turn of the century
Poetry of the early 20th century
Literature of the 20s (review )
Literature of the 30s - early 40s. (review)
Literature of the Great Patriotic War war and the first post-war years
Literature of the 50s–80s (review)
Russian literature recent years(review)
Study time reserve
Total
Total

REQUIREMENTS FOR LEARNING OUTCOMES

As a result of studying the academic discipline “Literature”, the student must

know/understand:

the figurative nature of verbal art;

basic facts of the life and work of classical writers of the 19th–20th centuries;

the main patterns of the historical and literary process and features of literary movements;

basic theoretical and literary concepts;

be able to:

reproduce the content of a literary work;

analyze and interpret a work of art, using information on the history and theory of literature (topics, problems, moral pathos, system of images, compositional features, figurative and expressive means of language, artistic detail);

relate fiction to social life and culture; reveal the specific historical and universal content of the studied literary works; identify “cross-cutting” themes and key problems of Russian literature; correlate the work with literary direction eras;

determine the type and genre of the work;

compare literary works;

formulate your attitude to the work you read in a reasoned manner;

write reviews of works read and essays of different genres on literary topics;

use acquired knowledge and skills in practical activities and everyday life For:

creating a coherent text (oral and written) on the required topic, taking into account the norms of the Russian literary language;

participating in dialogue or discussion;

independent acquaintance with the phenomena artistic culture and assessment of their aesthetic significance;

determining your reading range and evaluating literary works.

for students

Literary texts

Literature of the 19th century.

A.N. Ostrovsky. Storm.

I.A. Goncharov. Oblomov.

ON THE. Nekrasov. On the road. Yesterday, at about six o'clock... Listening to the horrors of war... Poet and citizen. Reflections at the front entrance. Song to Eremushka. Knight for an hour. In memory of Dobrolyubov. Prophet. Peddlers. Railway. Frost - Red nose. Grandfather. Russian women. Who lives well in Rus'?

I.S. Turgenev. Fathers and Sons.

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. The story of one city. Gentlemen Golovlevs.. Fairy tales.

N.S. Leskov. The Enchanted Wanderer.

F.I. Tyutchev. There is in the original autumn... Cicero. Fountain. Don’t believe, don’t trust the poet, maiden... Russian woman. These poor villages... Oh, how murderously we love... last love. All day she lay in oblivion... You can’t understand Russia with your mind... We can’t predict... I met you...

A.A. Fet. Don’t wake her up at dawn... Share your living dreams... Whisper, timid breathing... The night was shining... How poor our language is... I won’t tell you anything... I still love, I still languish...

F.M. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment.

L.N. Tolstoy. Sevastopol stories. War and Peace.

A.P. Chekhov. Death of an official. Man in a case. Gooseberry. About love. Lady with a dog. Ionych. Student. The Cherry Orchard.

Literature of the late nineteenth – early twentieth centuries.

A.A. Akhmatova. Song last meeting. Walk. We are all hawkmoths here, harlots... I escorted my friend to the front hall... There was a voice to me... The secrets of the craft. There is a cherished quality in the closeness of people... Petrograd, 1919. Oath. Courage. Requiem.

K.D. Balmont. I caught the departing shadows with a dream... I am the free wind... Disgraced angels. I came into this world to see the Sun... I am the sophistication of Russian slow speech... In houses. I don’t know wisdom... There is a tired tenderness in Russian nature...

A. Bely. My words. In the fields. Declaration of love. Abandoned house. Troika. Despair. From the carriage window.

A.A. Block. Retribution. Nightingale Garden. Twelve. Lyrics.

V.Ya. Bryusov.To the young poet. Dagger. We have a test. To the happy ones. Enough.

I.A. Bunin. Antonov apples. Mister from San Francisco. Easy breath.

M. Gorky. Makar Chudra. Old Isergil. Chelkash. At the bottom. Untimely thoughts.

Z.N. Gippius. Song. Inscription on the stone. Sonnet. Spiders. Seamstress. Everything is all around. December 14. December 14, 17. Damn doll.

N.S. Gumilev. Captains. Worker. Baby elephant. Telephone. Lost tram. Lake Chad. Giraffe. Telephone. South. Scattering stars. About you. Word.

A.I. Kuprin. Olesya. Garnet bracelet. Shulamith.

V.V. Mayakovsky. Myself (autobiography). Listen! A cloud in pants. Ode to revolution. Left march. Poems about the Soviet passport. Those who sat down for a meeting. An extraordinary adventure... ROSTA windows.

D.S. Merezhkovsky. Parks. Children of night. Double abyss. Prayer for wings. Foreign land is homeland. God. About the reasons for the decline and about new trends in modern Russian literature.

F. Sologub. You can’t see a thing in the field... I love to wander over the quagmire... Captive animals. Damn swing.

M. Tsvetaeva. To my poems, written so early... Who was created from stone, who was created from clay... So many of them fell into this abyss... A poem of air. Pied Piper. My Pushkin.

Literature of the 20th century.

M. Gorky. Old Isergil. Chelkash. At the bottom.

V. Mayakovsky. Night. From street to street. Could you? A few words about myself. Here you go. To you. Listen. Violin and a little nervously. Left march. Order for the army of art. Good attitude towards horses. Those who sat down for a meeting. Lilichka! Love. Letter to Comrade Kostrov... Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva. It must have been the second time you went to bed... About this. Fine! In a loud voice. Bug. Bathhouse.

S. Yesenin. Winter is singing and calling... The scarlet light of dawn has woven on the lake... The Lord has come to torture people in love... Goy you, Rus', my dear... Letter to the mother. The golden grove dissuaded... O Rus', flap your wings... Cow. Song about a dog. I'm tired of living in native land... I won’t deceive myself... I am the last poet of the village... The fields are compressed, the groves are bare... Yes, now it’s decided, there’s no return... I only have one fun left... I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t I’m crying... I asked the money changer today... Shagane, you are mine, Shagane... Let others drink you... You don’t love me, don’t feel sorry for me... To Kachalov’s dog. I walk through the valley, On the back of my cap... You are my fallen maple, icy maple... Now we are leaving little by little... Goodbye, my friend, goodbye... Soviet Rus'. Rus' is leaving. Letter to a woman. Anna Snegina.

M. Bulgakov. Dog's heart. Master and Margarita.

M. Sholokhov. Quiet Don. The fate of man.

A. Tolstoy. Peter the First.

A. Platonov. Pit.

A. Akhmatova. Gray-eyed king. She clenched her hands under a dark veil... You drink my soul like a straw... Song of the last meeting. In the evening. IN last time we met then... I accompanied my friend to the front hall... It would be better if I cheerfully called out ditties... He loved... I learned to live simply, wisely... We are all hawk moths here, harlots... Confusion. I came to visit the poet... We thought: we are beggars... I am not with those who abandoned the earth... Everything was stolen, betrayed, sold... Requiem.

B. Pasternak. February. Get some ink and cry!.. Marburg. My sister - life is in flood today... Spring. August. Explanation. Winter night. Hamlet. Nobel Prize. On Strastnaya. Doctor Zhivago.

O. Mandelstam. Voronezh poems.

M. Tsvetaeva. You, walking past me... To my poems, written so early... So many of them fell into this abyss... Nobody took anything away... Yesterday I looked into my eyes... Poems to Blok. I like that you are not sick with me... Poet. Hamlet's dialogue with conscience. I keep repeating the first verse... I know I will die at dawn...

M. Zoshchenko. Aristocrat. Marriage of convenience. Love. Happiness. Bathhouse. Nervous people. A crisis. Administrative delight. Monkey tongue. The thieves. Husband. A strong remedy. Galoshes. The delights of culture. Bourgeois. Operation. Minor incident. Serenade. Wedding. Blue Book.

A. Surkov. Beats in cramped stove fire…

K. Simonov. Poems from Sat. "War". With you and without you... The Living and the Dead (Book 1).

A. Tvardovsky. I was killed near Rzhev... On the day the war ended... Vasily Terkin. Beyond the distance is the distance.

M. Isakovsky. Enemies burned down my home... Migratory birds are flying... In the forest near the front. Katyusha.

V. Nekrasov. In the trenches of Stalingrad.

A. Solzhenitsyn. One day of Ivan Denisovich. Matrenin's yard. Tiny ones.

Yu. Bondarev. Hot Snow.

V. Vasiliev. And the dawns here are quiet.

V. Bykov. Sotnikov.

V. Astafiev. Tsar-Fish (stories “The Drop”, “Ear on Boganida”, “Tsar-Fish”, “Dream of the White Mountains”, etc.). Cursed and killed.

V. Shukshin. Weird guy. Microscope. Boots. Stuck. Cut it off. Tough man. Oratorical reception. I believe. Master. Dancing Shiva. Red viburnum.

V. Rasputin. Live and remember.

Yu. Trifonov. Exchange.

V. Makanin. Exchange strip. Caucasian prisoner.

L. Petrushevskaya. The time is night. Three girls in blue.

T. Tolstaya. Stories.

N. Rubtsov.Plantain.

A. Arbuzov. Cruel games.

V. Rozov. Capercaillie nest.

A. Vampilov. Duck hunting. Provincial jokes.

Textbooks and tutorials

Agenosov V.V. and others. Russian literature of the twentieth century. (Parts 1, 2). 11th grade – M., 2005.

Russian literature of the 19th century. (Parts 1, 2). 10 grades – M., 2005

Russian literature of the 19th century. Workshop textbook (part 1, 2, 3). 11th grade / Ed. Yu.I. Baldy. – M., 2003.

Russian literature of the twentieth century. (Parts 1, 2). 11th grade / Ed. V.P. Zhuravleva.

Literature (parts 1, 2). 11th grade / Program ed. V.G. Marantzman. – M., 2002.

Lebedev Yu.V. Russian literature of the 19th century. (Parts 1, 2). 10 grades – M., 2003.

Marantsman V.G. and etc. Literature. Program (part 1, 2). 10 grades – M., 2005.

Russian literature of the 19th century. (Parts 1, 2, 3). 10 grades / Program ed. Obernikhina G.A. – M., 2005.

Obernikhina G.A., Antonova A.G., Volnova I.L. and others. Literature. Workshop: textbook. allowance. /Ed. G.A. Obernikhina. – M., 2007.

Digital resources of Dubna University

- scientific digital library(NEB).

/biblweb/- website of the Dubna University library with access to the electronic catalog and other library and information resources

/biblweb/search/resources.asp?sid=18– a specialized section of the library website with access to electronic resources provided on the basis of license agreements concluded between organizations - resource holders and Dubna University

Explanatory note…………………………………………….

LiteratureXIXcentury………………………………………………..

Introduction………………………………………………………...

Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century………………….

LiteratureXXcentury…………………………………………………

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………

Russian literature at the turn of the century…………………………………..

Poetry of the early 20th century……………………………………………………….......

Literature of the 20s (review)……………………………………...

Literature of the 30s and early 40s (review)………………………....

Literature of the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years………………………………………………………..

Literature of the 50s–80s (review) …………………………………………………….......

Russian literature of recent years (review)………………….......

Topics of abstracts ............................................................................. ........

Thematic plan…………………………............................

Requirements for learning outcomes………………………….......

Literature of the 50s–80s (review)

Reflection of the conflicts of history in the destinies of the heroes: P. Nilin “Cruelty”, A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, V. Dudintsev “Not by Bread Alone...”, etc.

New understanding of the problem of man in war: Y. Bondarev “Hot Snow”, V. Bogomolov “Moment of Truth”, V. Kondratyev “Sashka”, etc. Study of the nature of heroism and betrayal, philosophical analysis human behavior in an extreme situation in the works of V. Bykov “Sotnikov”, B. Okudzhava “Be healthy, schoolboy”, etc.

The role of works about the Great Patriotic War in the education of patriotic feelings of the younger generation.

Poetry of the 60s . Searches for a new poetic language, form, genre in the poetry of B. Akhmadullina, E. Vinokurov, R. Rozhdestvensky, A. Voznesensky, E. Evtushenko, B. Okudzhava and others. Development of the traditions of Russian classics in the poetry of N. Fedorov, N. Rubtsov, S. Narovchatova, D. Samoilov, L. Martynov, E. Vinokurova, N. Starshinova, Y. Drunina, B. Slutsky, S. Orlov, I. Brodsky, R. Gamzatov and others.

Reflection on the past, present and future of the Motherland, statement moral values in the poetry of A. Tvardovsky.

« Urban prose» . Subjects, moral issues, artistic features of the works of V. Aksenov, D. Granin, Yu. Trifonov, V. Dudintsev and others.

« Village prose» . A depiction of life in a Soviet village. The depth and integrity of the spiritual world of man, connected by his life with the earth, in the works of F. Abramov, M. Alekseev, S. Belov, S. Zalygin, V. Krupin, P. Proskurin, B. Mozhaev, V. Shukshin, etc.

Dramaturgy. Moral issues plays by A. Volodin “Five Evenings”, A. Arbuzov “Irkutsk History”, “Cruel Intentions”, V. Rozov “In Good Hour”, “Gill Grouse Nest”, A. Vampilov “Last Summer in Chulimsk”, “Eldest Son” , “Duck Hunt”, etc.

Dynamics of moral values over time,anticipation of the danger of loss historical memory : “Farewell to Matera” by V. Rasputin, “Stormy Stop” by Ch. Aitmatov, “Dream at the Beginning of Fog” by Y. Rytkheu and others.

Trying to evaluate modern life from the perspective of previous generations: “Sign of Trouble” by V. Bykov, “Old Man” by Y. Trifonov, “Shore” by Y. Bondarev, etc.

Historical theme in Soviet literature. Resolving the issue of the role of personality in history, the relationship between man and power in the works of B. Okudzhava, N. Eidelman,

V. Pikulya, A. Zhigulina, D. Balashova, O. Mikhailova and others.

Autobiographical literature. K. Paustovsky,

I. Ehrenburg.

The growing role of journalism. Journalistic focus works of art 80s. Appeal to the tragic pages of history, reflections on universal human values.

Magazines from this time,their position. (“New World”, “October”, “Banner”, etc.).

Development of the fantasy genre in the works of A. Belyaev, I. Efremov, K. Bulychev and others.

Author's song. Its place in the historical and cultural process (meaningfulness, sincerity, attention to the individual). The significance of the creativity of A. Galich, V. Vysotsky, Y. Vizbor, B. Okudzhava and others in the development of the genre of art song.

Multinationality of Soviet literature.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Information from the biography.

« Matrenin Dvor» *. “One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich.” A new approach to depicting the past. The problem of generational responsibility. The writer's reflections on the possible ways of human development in the story. The skill of A. Solzhenitsyn - a psychologist: the depth of characters, historical and philosophical generalization in the writer’s work.

V.T. Shalamov. Information from the biography.

« Kolyma stories» .(two stories of your choice). The artistic originality of Shalamov's prose: absence of declarations, simplicity, clarity.

V.M. Shukshin. Information from the biography .

Stories: "Weirdo", « I choose a village to live in», « cut off», « Microscope», « Oratorical reception» . A depiction of the life of a Russian village: the depth and integrity of the spiritual world of the Russian person. Artistic Features prose by V. Shukshin.

N.M. Rubtsov. Information from the biography .

Poems : « Visions on the Hill», « Autumn leaves» (You can choose other poems).

The theme of the homeland in the poet’s lyrics, sharp pain for her destiny, faith in her inexhaustible spiritual powers. Harmony of man and nature. Yesenin traditions in Rubtsov’s lyrics.

Rasul Gamzatov. Information from the biography.

Poems: « Cranes», « Horsemen quarreled in the mountains,it happened...» (you can choose other poems).

The soulful sound of the theme of the homeland in Gamzatov’s lyrics. A technique of parallelism that enhances the semantic meaning of eight lines. The relationship between the national and the universal in Gamzatov’s works.

A.V. Vampilov.Information from the biography.

Play « Provincial jokes» ( You can choose another dramatic work).

The image of an eternal, indestructible bureaucrat. Affirmation of goodness, love and mercy. Gogolian traditions in Vampilov’s dramaturgy.

Russian literature of recent years (review)

Foreign literature (review)

J.-W. Goethe.« Faust» .

E. Hemingway.« The Old Man and the Sea» .

E.- M. Remarque.« Three comrades»

G. Marquez.« One Hundred Years of Solitude» .

P. Coelho.« Alchemist» .

Works for discussions on modern literature

A. Arbuzov « Years of wandering» .

V. Rozov « Looking for Joy» .

A. Vampilov « Last summer in Chulimsk» .

V. Shukshin « Until the third roosters», « Duma» .

V. Erofeev “Moscow – Petushki”

Ch. Aitmatov. “The White Steamer” (After the Fairy Tale)”, “Early Cranes”, “Piebald Dog Running by the Edge of the Sea”.

D. Andreev. "Rose of the World"

V. Astafiev. "The Shepherd and the Shepherdess."

A. Beck. "New appointment."

V. Belov. " Carpenter's stories", "The year of the great turning point."

A. Bitov. "Georgian Album".

V. Bykov. “Roundup”, “Sotnikov”, “Sign of Trouble”.

A. Vampilov. "Eldest Son", "Farewell in June".

K. Vorobiev. "Killed near Moscow."

V. Vysotsky. Songs.

Yu. Dombrovsky. "Faculty of unnecessary things."

V. Ivanov. “Primordial Rus'”, “Great Rus'”.

B. Mozhaev. "Men and women."

V. Nabokov. "Luzhin's Defense"

V. Nekrasov. “In the trenches of Stalingrad”, “A little sad story”.

E. Nosov. “Usvyatsky Helmet Bearers”, “Red Wine of Victory”.

B. Okudzhava. Poetry and prose.

B. Pasternak. Poetry.

V. Rasputin. “Farewell to Matera”, “Live and Remember”.

V. Shalamov. “Kolyma stories.

Poetry of the 60s–90s and last decade(A. Kuznetsov, N. Tryapkin, G. Aigi, D. Prigov, V. Vishnevsky, etc.).

Sample essay topics

XIX century

Socio-political situation in Russia at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The influence of the ideas of the Great french revolution on the formation of public consciousness and the literary movement.

Romanticism. Social and philosophical foundations of its occurrence.

Moscow Society of Philosophers, its philosophical and aesthetic program.

Basic aesthetic principles realism. Stages of development of realism in the 19th century.

K.N. Batyushkov. The cult of friendship and love in the works of Batyushkov. The role of the poet in the development of Russian poetry.

V.A. Zhukovsky. The artistic world of romantic elegies and ballads.

The main problems of I.A.’s fables Krylova. The theme of the Patriotic War of 1812 in the fables of I.A. Krylova.

Creativity of the Decembrist poets. Features of the civil-heroic romanticism of the Decembrists, leading themes and ideas of their work (K.F. Ryleev,V.F. Raevsky and others).

A.S. Pushkin - the creator of Russian literary language; Pushkin’s role in the development of Russian poetry, prose and drama.

Freedom-loving lyrics by A.S. Pushkin, its connection with the ideas of the Decembrists (“Liberty”, “To Chaadaev”, “Village”).

Southern poems by A.S. Pushkin, their ideological and artistic features, reflection in the poems of the character traits of “modern man”.

The tragedy “Boris Godunov” by A.S. Pushkin. The historical concept of the poet and its reflection in the conflict and plot of the work.

Decembrist theme in the works of A.S. Pushkin (“To Siberia”, “Arion”, “Anchar”).

The theme of the poet’s spiritual independence in Pushkin’s poetic manifestos (“The Poet and the Crowd,” “The Poet,” “To the Poet”).

The poet’s philosophical lyrics (“A vain gift, an accidental gift...”, “Do I wander along the noisy streets...”).

The novel “Eugene Onegin” by A.S. Pushkin is the first Russian realistic novel, his social issues, system of images, features of plot and composition.

Patriotic poems by A.S. Pushkin (“To the Slanderers of Russia”, “Borodin Anniversary”, “Before the Saint’s Tomb”).

Pushkin's fairy tales, their problematics and ideological content.

The significance of the creative heritage of A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin and our modernity.

The place and significance of the poets of Pushkin’s “pleiad” in Russian poetry. The originality of D.V.’s poetry Davydova, P.A. Vyazemsky, E.A. Baratynsky, A.A. Delviga, N.M. Yazykova, D.V. Venevitinova.

Theme and originality of the early lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov, her genres, character traits lyrical hero.

The theme of the poet and poetry in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov (“Death of a Poet”, “Poet”, “Prophet”).

Development of realistic tendencies in the lyrics of M.Yu. Lermontov, the interaction of lyrical, dramatic and epic principles in lyrics, its genre diversity.

The social and philosophical essence of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Demon", the dialectic of good and evil, rebellion and harmony, love and hatred, fall and rebirth in the poem.

“A Hero of Our Time” as a socio-psychological and philosophical novel by M.Yu. Lermontov, its structure, system of images.

A.V. Koltsov. The organic unity of the lyrical and epic principles in Koltsov’s songs, the features of their composition and visual means.

Peculiarity creative talent N.V. Gogol and his poetic vision of the world. A.S. Pushkin about the specifics of Gogol’s talent.

Poem " Dead Souls» N.V. Gogol, its concept, features of the genre, plot and composition. The role of Chichikov’s image in the development of the plot and the revelation of the main idea of the work.

The main features of Russian classical literature of the 19th century: national identity, humanism, life-affirming pathos, democracy and nationality.

Geopolitics of Russia: protection of the national-state interests of the country in the works of L. N. Tolstoy, N. A. Nekrasov, F. I. Tyutchev.

The demarcation of socio-political forces in the 1860s, polemics on the pages of periodicals. Magazines “Sovremennik” and “ Russian word"and their role in the social movement.

Journalistic and literary-critical activities of N.G. Chernyshevsky, N.A. Dobrolyubova and D.I. Pisareva.

N.G. Chernyshevsky. Socio-political and aesthetic views. Literary-critical activity of N.G. Chernyshevsky.

The novel “What to do?” N.G. Chernyshevsky, his socio-political and philosophical character, problematics and ideological content. The theory of “reasonable egoism”, its attractiveness and impracticability.

ON THE. Nekrasov is the organizer and creator of the new Sovremennik.

Roman I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” as a socio-psychological and philosophical novel.

“Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev - history of creation, problems and artistic originality. V.G. Belinsky about “Notes”.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev, his problems, ideological content and philosophical meaning. The main conflict of the novel and its reflection of the socio-political struggle on the eve of and during the reforms.

The image of Bazarov as a “transitional type” of a “restless and yearning man” in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Controversy surrounding the novel. DI. Pisarev, M.A. Antonovich and N.N. Fears about “Fathers and Sons.”

I.S. Turgenev “Poems in Prose”, themes, main motives and genre originality.

Drama “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky. The problem of personality and environment, ancestral memory and individual human activity in relation to the moral laws of antiquity.

The innovative character of A.N.’s dramaturgy Ostrovsky. The relevance and topicality of the problems raised in his works.

Soul and nature in the poetry of F.I. Tyutcheva.

Features of love lyrics by F.I. Tyutchev, its dramatic tension (“Oh, how murderously we love…”, “Last Love”, “On the eve of the anniversary of August 4, 1864”, etc.).

Immediacy artistic perception peace in the lyrics of A.A. Feta (“Don’t wake her up at dawn…”, “Evening” “How poor our language is!..”, etc.).

Genre diversity of creativity of A.K. Tolstoy. The main motives of the poet’s lyrics (“Among the noisy ball...”, “Not the wind, blowing from above...”, etc.).

Socio-political and cultural life of Russia in the 1870s – early 1880s. Formation of the ideology of revolutionary populism.

M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin is a contributor and editor of Sovremennik and Otechestvennye zapiski.

“Fairy Tales” by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, their main themes, fantastic orientation, Aesopian language.

Roman F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment", the formulation and solution in it of the problems of moral choice and human responsibility for the fate of the world.

Raskolnikov and his theory of crime. The essence of “punishment” for a lost person and her path to spiritual rebirth in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

N.S. Leskov and his tales about truth-seekers and people's righteous people (“Soborians”, “The Enchanted Wanderer”, “Lefty”).

“War and Peace” L.N. Tolstoy. Concept, issues, composition, system of images.

Spiritual quests of L.N. Tolstoy in the novel Anna Karenina.

Search for a positive hero and ideals of A.P. Chekhov in his stories (“My Life”, “House with a Mezzanine”, “The Jumper”).

Innovation of Chekhov's dramaturgy.

The cognitive, moral, educational and aesthetic role of Russian literature of the 19th century, its global significance and relevance for modern times.

The end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century

Modernist movements. Symbolism and young symbolism. Futurism.

Motives of the immortality of the soul in the works of I.A. Bunina.

A.I. Kuprin. Affirmation of the high moral ideals of the Russian people in the writer’s stories.

Moral and social quests of the heroes of I.S. Shmeleva.

The concept of society and man in the dramatic works of M. Gorky.

Autobiographical stories by M. Gorky “Childhood”, “In People”, “My Universities”

Ideals of serving society as interpreted by V. Ya. Bryusov.

The theme of the historical destinies of Russia in the works of A.A. Blok.

Acmeism as a movement in literature; representatives of Acmeism.

Fate and Creativity M.I. Tsvetaeva.

M. Sholokhov's epic novel “Quiet Don”. The uniqueness of the depiction of Russian character in the novel.

Novels and stories about the war “Young Guard” by A. Fadeev, “Star” by E. Kazakevich, “In the Trenches of Stalingrad” by V. Nekrasov.

Soviet historical novel “Peter the Great” by A. Tolstoy.

Satirical novels and stories by I. Ilf and E. Petrov.

Reflection of the tragic contradictions of the era in the works of A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam.

Development of the traditions of Russian folk culture in the poetry of the 30s by A. Tvardovsky, M. Isakovsky, P. Vasiliev.

Patriotic poetry and songs of the Great Patriotic War.

M.A. Sholokhov is the creator of the epic picture of folk life in “Don Stories”.

Military theme in the works of M. Sholokhov.

The originality of the composition of the novel “The White Guard” by M.A. Bulgakov.

The tragedy of the depiction of the Civil War in the dramaturgy of M.A. Bulgakov (“Days of the Turbins”, “Running”, etc.).

The novel “Other Shores” by V.V. Nabokov as a novel-memoir of Russia.

Early lyrics of B. Pasternak.

A. Tvardovsky “Vasily Terkin”. A book about a fighter is the embodiment of the Russian national character. I. Bunin about “Vasily Terkin”.

A. Tvardovsky’s poem “House by the Road”: issues, images of heroes.

“Camp” prose of A. Solzhenitsyn “The Gulag Archipelago”, novels “In the First Circle”, “Cancer Ward”.

Philosophical novels by Ch. Aitmatov: “Stormy Stop”, “And the Day Lasts Longer than a Century”, “The Scaffold”.

Depiction of the difficult path of the Soviet intelligentsia in Yu. Bondarev’s novels “The Shore”, “Choice”, “The Game”.

Philosophical fantastic prose by A. and B. Strugatsky.

Historical novels by L. Borodin, V. Shukshin, V. Chivilikhin, B. Okudzhava.

Realistic satire by F. Iskander, V. Voinovich, B. Mozhaev, V. Belov, V. Krupin.

Neomodernist and postmodernist prose by V. Erofeev “Moscow - Petushki”.

Artistic exploration of the everyday life of modern man in the “cruel” prose of T. Tolstoy, L. Petrushevskaya, L. Ulitskaya and others.

Image of a working man in poetic works Y. Smelyakova, B. Rucheva, L. Tatyanicheva and others.

The spiritual world of the Russian person in the lyrical verses and poems of N. Rubtsov.

Lyrics by poets of the front generation M. Dudin, S. Orlov, B. Slutsky and others.

An epic understanding of the Patriotic War in V. Grossman’s novel “Life and Fate.”

Philosophical and parable narrative about the war in V. Bykov’s stories “Sotnikov”, “Obelisk”, “Sign of Trouble”.

The variety of folk characters in the works of V. Shukshin.

Early stories by A. Solzhenitsyn: “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, “Matrenin’s Yard”.

Poetry of the 60s XX century.

N. Rubtsov. The development of Yesenin’s traditions in the books “Star of the Fields”, “The Soul Keeps”, “The Noise of Pines”, “Green Flowers”, etc.

I. Brodsky's Nobel lecture is his poetic credo.

Books of poems by I. Brodsky “Part of Speech”, “The End of a Beautiful Era”, “Urania”, etc.

Social and psychological dramas by A. Arbuzov “Irkutsk History”, “Tales of the Old Arbat”, “Cruel Intentions”.

Theater of A. Vampilov: “The Eldest Son”, “Duck Hunt”, “Provincial Anecdotes”, “Last Summer in Chulimsk”.

Conventional metaphorical novels by V. Pelevin “The Life of Insects” and “Chapaev and Emptiness”.

Literary criticism of the mid-80s–90s. XX century

Development of the detective genre at the end of the twentieth century.

Lyrical hero in the poems of front-line poets: O. Berggolts, K. Simonov, A. Tvardovsky, A. Surkov, M. Isakovsky, M. Aliger, Y. Drunina, M. Jalil and others.

Journalism of the war years: M. Sholokhov, I. Ehrenburg, A. Tolstoy.

Realistic and romantic depiction of war in prose: stories by L. Sobolev, V. Kozhevnikov, K. Paustovsky, M. Sholokhov.

Section 8. Features of the development of literature from the 1950s to the 1980s.

Reflection of the conflicts of history in the destinies of the heroes: P. Nilin “Cruelty”, A. Solzhenitsyn “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, V. Dudintsev “Not by Bread Alone...”

A.A. Akhmatova.

Life and creative path.

Poems: “Confusion”, “I pray to the window ray...”, “Linden trees smell sweet...”, “The gray-eyed king”, “Song of the last meeting”, “I have no need for odic hosts”, “I clenched my hands under a dark veil...”, “ I am not with those who abandoned the lands...", "Native Land", "I Had a Voice", "Oath", "Courage", "To the Winners", "Muse", "Poem without a Hero". Poem "Requiem". Articles about Pushkin.

Akhmatova’s early lyrics: the depth, brightness of the poet’s experiences, his joy, sorrow, anxiety. Theme and tone of the lyrics of the period of the First World War: the fate of the country and the people.

Personal and social themes in poems of the revolutionary and first post-revolutionary years. Themes of love for the native land, for the Motherland, for Russia. Pushkin's themes in Akhmatova's works. The theme of love for the Motherland and civil courage in the lyrics of the war years. The theme of poetic skill in the work of the poetess.

Poem "Requiem". The historical scale and tragedy of the poem. The tragedy of the life and fate of the lyrical heroine and poetess. The originality of Akhmatova's lyrics.

Repetition. The image of St. Petersburg in Russian XIX literature century (A. S. Pushkin, N. V. Gogol, F. M. Dostoevsky). Love lyrics Russian poets.

Theory of literature. The problem of tradition and innovation in poetry. Poetic mastery.

Demonstrations. Portraits of A. A. Akhmatova by K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, Yu. P. Annenkov, A. Modigliani. I.V. Mozart "Requiem". Illustrations by M.V. Dobuzhinsky to the book “Plantain”.

Creative tasks. Research and preparation of the abstract: “Civil and patriotic poems by A. Akhmatova and Soviet literature"; “The tragedy of the “hundred-million people” in A. Akhmatova’s poem “Requiem.” Preparation virtual tour from one of A. Akhmatova’s museums. By heart. Two or three poems (students' choice).

B.L. Parsnip.

Information from the biography.

Poems: “February. Get some ink and cry...", "About these poems", "Definition of poetry", "Hamlet", "Being famous is ugly", "In everything I want to get to the very essence...", "Winter Night". Poems “Nine Hundred and Fifth” and “Lieutenant Schmidt”.

Aesthetic searches and experiments in early lyrics. Philosophical lyrics. The theme of the path is the leading one in Pasternak’s poetry. Features of poetic perception. Simplicity and lightness of late lyrics. The originality of the artistic form of poems.

Repetition. The theme of the intelligentsia and revolution in the literature of the 20th century (A. A. Blok. Poem “The Twelve”, article “Intellectuals and Revolution”; M. A. Bulgakov. “The White Guard”; A. A. Fadeev. “Destruction”).

Theory of literature. Style. Lyrics. Lyrical cycle. Novel.

Demonstrations. Video film "Boris Pasternak". A. Scriabin. 1st and 2nd sonatas; F. Chopin. Sketches; I. Stravinsky. Music for the ballet "Petrushka". B.L. Parsnip. "Prelude". M. Vrubel. "Daemon". Painting and graphic works by L.O. Pasternak. Dictation based on a text prepared by students in a Russian language lesson.

Creative task. Research and preparation of an abstract (message, report): “A look at the Civil War from the 1920s and from the 1950s - what is the difference?” By heart. Two or three poems (students' choice)

A.T. Tvardovsky.

Information from the biography.

Poems: “The whole essence is in one single covenant”, “In memory of the mother”, “I know: it’s not my fault...”, “To the bitter grievances of one’s own person...”, “On the day when the war ended...”, “ You, stupid death, threaten people.” The poem “By the right of memory.” The theme of war and memory in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky. Affirmation of moral values

The poem “By Right of Memory”* is redemption and warning, poetic and civil understanding of the tragic past. The lyrical hero of the poem, his life position. The artistic originality of A. Tvardovsky’s creativity.

Repetition. The theme of the poet and poetry in the poetry of the 19th-20th centuries. Images of home and road in Russian poetry. The theme of war in poetry of the 20th century.

Theory of literature. Style. Lyrics. Lyro-epic. Lyrical cycle. Poem.

Demonstration. Illustrations for the works of A. Tvardovsky.

Creative tasks. Research and preparation of the report: “The theme of the poet and poetry in Russian lyrics of the 19th-20th centuries”, “Images of the road and house in the lyrics of A. Tvardovsky”. By heart Two or three poems (students' choice).

V.M. Shukshin.

Information from the biography.

Stories: “Weirdo”, “Choosing a village to live in”, “Cut off”, “Microscope”, “Oratorical reception”. A depiction of the life of a Russian village: the depth and integrity of the spiritual world of the Russian person. Artistic features of V. Shukshin's prose.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn.

Information from the biography.

"Matrenin's yard" "One day in the life of Ivan Denisovich." A new approach to depicting the past. The problem of generational responsibility. The writer's reflections on the possible ways of human development in the story. The skill of A. Solzhenitsyn - a psychologist: the depth of characters, historical and philosophical generalization in the writer’s work.

Repetition. Prose by V. Shalamov. Theory of literature. Epic. Novel. Tale. Story. Literary hero. Journalism.

Demonstration. Stills from film adaptations of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s works.

Creative tasks. Research and preparation of the report: “The originality of the language of Solzhenitsyn the publicist”; “The visual and expressive language of cinema and literature.”

The work of poets in the 1950s - 1980s.

Development of the traditions of Russian classics and the search for a new poetic language, form, genre in poetry of the 1950-1980s. Lyrics of front-line poets. The work of authors who developed the genre of art songs. Literary associations and trends in poetry of the 1950-1980s. Poetry by N. Rubtsov: artistic media, the originality of the lyrical hero. The theme of the homeland in the poet's lyrics. Harmony of man and nature. Yesenin traditions in the lyrics of N. Rubtsov. Poetry of R. Gamzatov: functions of parallelism, originality of the lyrical hero. The theme of the homeland in the poetry of R. Gamzatov. The relationship between the national and the universal in the poetry of R. Gamzatov. Poetry of B. Okudzhava: artistic means of creating an image, the originality of the lyrical hero. Theme of war, images of Moscow and Arbat in the poetry of B. Okudzhava. Poetry of A. Voznesensky: artistic means of creating an image, the originality of the lyrical hero. Themes of A. Voznesensky's poems. Creative tasks. Research and preparation of reports about the poet (optional).

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A lesson in learning new material based on the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day"

Ivan Denisovich"

Studying "One Day..." allows us to show what the role of fiction is

in the process of opening tragic pages national history XX century

Goals and objectives of the lesson:

introduce the history of the creation of the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", his

genre and compositional features, artistic and expressive

means, the hero of the work;

note the features of the writer’s artistic skill;

consider the reflection tragic conflicts stories in the destinies of heroes;

During the classes

Analysis of the story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich"

Historical reference: victims of terror since 1947-1953 (data in all

sources are based on materials collected by A.I. Solzhenitsyn) steel from 5.5 to

6.5 million people.

1. History of creation and publication, genre of the work.

1950-51 years old. Carried out in 1959 first as "Shch"- 854 (One day of one prisoner)" (u-

854 - camp writer's number). After the XXII Congress, the writer for the first time decided

offer something then in the open press, I chose “The New World” by A. Tvardovsky. Achieve

“How did this come about? It was just such a camp day, hard work, I was carrying a stretcher

with a partner and thought about how to describe the entire camp world - in one day.

Of course, you can describe your 10 years of camp, there, the entire history of the camps, but enough in

one day to collect only one day of one average, unremarkable

person from morning to evening. And everything will be.

Now apply this idea. For seven years she just lay there. I'll try to write

one day for one prisoner. sat down - and how it poured! With terrible tension! Because in

you concentrate on many of these days at once. And just so what -don't miss anything,

I incredibly quickly wrote "One Day:"

Image of Ivan Denisovich formed from the soldier Shukhov, who fought with the author in

the Soviet-German war (and never imprisoned), the general experience of prisoners and

Genre the story attracted the writer, since in a small form a lot can be

place, and it is a great pleasure for an artist to work on a small form,

because in it you can “hone the edges with great pleasure for yourself.”

The publication of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” was perceived as an Event.

2. Determine the theme, main idea, reveal the plot of the story.

history, this is a book about resistance human spirit camp violence.

3. Main character story.

1. Pre-camp biography. Briefly describe it.

Shukhov worked and lived in the village of Temgenevo, was married and had two children. But it started

Great Patriotic War, and he became a soldier. “And it was like this: in February forty

second year in North - In the West they surrounded their entire army... And so little by little the Germans

by le sam l They captured me and took me... Shukhov remained in captivity for a couple of days.” Miraculously I got to my people, and

he was accused of treason and put behind bars. Shukhov carried out the task of the German

intelligence. “What a task - no Shu Khov himself could not come up with it, nor the investigator. Yes and

just left - tasks e".

2. What awaited the hero of the story if he had not signed the “deed”?

“If you don’t sign, it’s a wooden peacoat; if you sign, you’ll at least live a little longer. Signed."

Shukhov chose life by signing documents against himself. Even camp, painful

and difficult, but still life.

3. What kind of life is it in the camp? How does Ivan Denisovich behave? Let's watch

camp reality.

Shukhov was sentenced to eight years in the camps. At five o'clock in the morning the camp wakes up.

A cold barracks, in which not every light bulb was lit, where fifty bedbugs

clapboards, two hundred people were sleeping...

Kitchen. The prisoners eat their meager gruel with their hats on. "It's the best time

camp - June: every vegetable runs out and is replaced with cereals. The worst time -

July: put nettles into a cauldron.” Sometimes they give you porridge from magara. “Magara is not like

cold - Even when hot, it leaves neither taste nor satiety: grass and grass, only

yellow, looking like millet... Porridge is not porridge, but goes for porridge..."

It's freezing outside, taking your breath away. And the Tyurin brigade (in which

Shukhov) is going to work... Endless checks and inspections.

Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is a jack of all trades. He is both a mason and a roofing felt cutter, and

stove maker Works with passion, without feeling cold. This is how the author describes

prisoner: “Shukhov grabs the smoking solution with a trowel... The solution

he throws exactly as much as under one cinder block. And grabs a cinder block from a pile

(but be careful not to tear the mitten, cinder blocks are painful to tear). AND

I evened out the mortar with a trowel and slapped a slag block there... And it was grabbed,

frozen...

But they [the prisoners] did not stop for a moment and drove the masonry further and

Shukhov not only lives (just to survive), but in order to maintain respect for

to yourself. Doesn’t inform on fellow prisoners, doesn’t humiliate himself because of tobacco, doesn’t lick other people’s

dishes.. . He takes care of his bread and carries it in a special pocket.

4. What character traits does the author value in Ivan Denisovich? And you?

His character is revealed in a whole series of small episodes.

The main character of the story, having gone through trials, managed to preserve the inherent in his

character traits characteristic of the Russian peasant: conscientiousness, hard work,

human dignity.

Ivan Denisovich Shukhov is first and foremost a peasant, he is characterized by prudence,

thoroughness in thoughts, he is unfussy, corroding in the little things of life; knows what exactly

life consists of them; resourceful, reasonable, never loses humanity

Senka Klevshin . He was captured and escaped three times, but was “caught.” Even in

Buchenwald “miraculously escaped death, and is now serving his sentence quietly.”

Kolya Vdovushkin . Former student of the Faculty of Literature...

Baptist Alyoshka...

Brigadier Tyurin...

Captain Buinovsky...

Film director Caesar Markovich...

Sixteen-year-old boy Gopchik...

IN "One day..." there are faces, oh which the author tells with big

Senka Klevshin. The writer highlights one more hero, not named. Total

half a page is occupied by a story about "high silently m old man." He was in prison

and the camps are countless years old, and not a single amnesty has touched it. But not myself

lost. “His face was exhausted, but not to the weakness of the disabled wick, but to the stone

hewn, dark. AND By hands, big, in cracks and blackness, it was obvious that

he's had a lot to deal with sit out all these years being a moron.”

"Jerks" - camp "aristocrats" - lackeys: orderlies baraku, foreman

Dair, “observer” Shkuropatenko, hairdresser, accountant, one of the KVCH - “the first

the bastards sitting in zone, these hard workers considered these people lower than crap.”

the moral aspect is strongly expressed. It is especially noticeable in scenes -

clashes: Buinovsky-Volkovoy, foreman-Tyurin-foreman Der. Important

Short episodes that reveal the relationships between prisoners are also important:

Shukhov - Caesar, Shukhov - Senka Klevshin. TO best pages need a story

include those episodes that show 104- th brigade at work.

5. What is Solzhenitsyn’s camp in this story? How can a person live in it and

The convict camp was taken from Solzhenitsyn not as an exception, but as a way of life.

A person can fighting with strength, to fight the circumstances. It is possible to survive

only by resisting the camp order of forced forced extinction.

The camp was created for the sake of murder, aimed at destroying the main thing in a person -

inner world: thoughts, conscience, memory. "Life here shook him from

getting up before lights out, leaving no idle memories: And remembering the village

Temgenevo and his native hut had even less reason for him.”

Camp law: "You die today - I will tomorrow" This is a general "life guidance"

puts a person on the other side of good and evil. Don't let yourself get to this point if you

if you want to be called a Man - that’s Shukhov’s task.

6. Question to the students of the whole class: what saves a person in this inhumane

free life.

2) Saves work(the episode of laying a wall at the site is reread: “He supervised the work

dashingly, but without thinking at all:"). Ivan Denisovich returned both to himself and to others - albeit for a short time!

human emancipation, because they stopped being afraid, they even forgot about security.

(For eight years (and they gave Shukhov ten) Ivan Denisovich has been hanging around the camps, but

retains its human dignity, even in non-human conditions

drops":

does not humiliate himself because of a cigarette;

due to soldering;

does not lick plates;

does not inform on his comrades in order to improve his lot.

Shukhov, like any hardworking peasant, respects bread (he carries it in a special

pocket, in a clean cloth). When he eats, take pictures t hat. He's always everything

earns by honest work, so he is not able to understand how he can take

a lot of money for hack work (we learn this from a letter sent to him from home).

Why does he forbid his wife to collect parcels for him at camp?

Because, we can already conclude, conscientiousness, reluctance to live for someone else

count, cause inconvenience to someone - Here character traits this man. Ivan

Denisovich lives according to human law, even while in the Special Camp: “For someone else’s

don’t stretch your belly’s goodness.” Shukhov never feigns illness, but when he is seriously ill,

feels guilty: “That’s what... Nikolai Semyonovich... I think it’s... sick.” Ivan

Denisovich is accustomed to work, like all peasants, he is a mason, a stove maker, and a shoemaker,

and the roofing felt carver: “He who knows two things with his hands, then “He’ll pick up ten more.” He is very

thrifty, thrifty. In captivity, he protects and hides the trowel in his hands

a fragment of a saw blade turns into a shoe knife.