“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. “The main thing is now to have dinner and rest.”
“It’s really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching, and sank onto the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have dinner, have dinner quickly. – Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason.
- By the way, Prokofich.
A man of about sixty entered, white-haired, thin and dark, wearing a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink scarf around his neck. He grinned, walked up to Arkady’s handle and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
“Here he is, Prokofich,” began Nikolai Petrovich, “he has finally come to us... What? how do you find it?
- IN in the best possible way, sir“, - said the old man and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. – Would you like to set the table? – he said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won’t you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my suitcase to be stolen there and these clothes,” he added, taking off his robe.
- Very good. Prokofich, take their overcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov’s “clothes” with both hands and, raising it high above his head, walked away on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your room for a minute?
“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” Arkady answered and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands,” he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.”
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought that you wouldn’t come today,” he said. in a pleasant voice, amiably swaying, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did something happen on the road?
“Nothing happened,” answered Arkady, “so, we hesitated a little.”
Question 5:
What is it called significant detail, which is a means
artistic characteristics(for example, noted by the author
Bazarov's robe and Pavel Petrovich's English suite)?
Explanation:
To answer this question, first read the question carefully, there is a hint in the question “ significant detail that is a means artistic characteristics ". Knowing the terminology given in the codifier will help you answer this question.
Answer: detail
KIM Unified State Exam 2016 (early period)
-...Nil Pavlych, and Nil Pavlych! How did he, the gentleman who was reported just now, shoot himself on Petersburgskaya?
“Svidrigailov,” someone from the other answered hoarsely and indifferently.
rooms.
Raskolnikov shuddered.
- Svidrigailov! Svidrigailov shot himself! - he cried.
- How! Do you know Svidrigailov?
- Yes... I know... He arrived recently...
- Well, yes, I recently arrived, lost my wife, a man of behavior
forgotten, and suddenly shot himself, and it was so scandalous that it’s impossible to imagine...
left it in my notebook a few words that he dies in his right mind and asks not to blame anyone for his death. This one, they say, had money.
How do you want to know?
- I... know... my sister lived in their house as a governess...
- Ba, ba, ba... Yes, you can tell us about him. And you had no idea?
- I saw him yesterday... he... drank wine... I didn’t know anything.
Raskolnikov felt as if something had fallen on him and he
crushed.
“You seem to have turned pale again.” We have such a stale spirit here...
“Yes, I have to go,” muttered Raskolnikov, “sorry,
worried...
- Oh, for mercy's sake, as much as you like! The pleasure was delivered and I'm glad
declare...
Ilya Petrovich even extended his hand.
- I just wanted... I went to Zametov...
“I understand, I understand, and it was a pleasure.”
“I’m... very glad... goodbye, sir...” Raskolnikov smiled.
He came out, he rocked. His head was spinning. He couldn't feel if he was standing. He began to walk down the stairs, resting his right hand against the wall.
It seemed to him that some janitor, with a book in his hand, pushed him, climbing up to meet him in the office, that some little dog was baying and barking somewhere on the lower floor, and that some woman threw a rolling pin at it and screamed. He went downstairs and went out into the yard. Here in the courtyard, not far from the exit, stood a pale, completely dead Sonya and looked at him wildly, wildly. He stopped in front of her. Something sick and exhausted
Something desperate was expressed in her face. She clasped her hands.
An ugly, lost smile squeezed out on his lips. He stood there, grinned, and turned upstairs, back to the office. Ilya Petrovich sat down and rummaged through some papers. The one standing in front of him
the very man who had just pushed Raskolnikov while climbing the stairs.
- A-ah-ah? You again! Did you leave anything?.. But what happened to you?
Raskolnikov, with pale lips and a fixed gaze, quietly approached him, walked up to the table itself, rested his hand on it, wanted to say something, but could not; Only some incoherent sounds were heard.
- You feel sick, chair! Here, sit on the chair, sit down! Water!
Raskolnikov sank into a chair, but did not take his eyes off his face very
unpleasantly surprised Ilya Petrovich. Both looked at each other for a minute and waited. They brought water.
“It’s me...” Raskolnikov began.
– Drink some water.
Raskolnikov drew back the water with his hand and said quietly, deliberately, but clearly:
It was I who killed the old official woman and her sister Lizaveta with an ax
and robbed.
Ilya Petrovich opened his mouth. They came running from all sides.
Raskolnikov repeated his testimony.
(F.M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”)
Typical questions about epic works
(// - These two vertical oblique lines mark variants of the formulation of the same task)
In a literary work, what is the name of the monologue that the hero pronounces “to himself”? Inner monologue
What is the name in literary criticism for a device that helps describe a hero (“weak”, “frail”)? // What are the names of figurative definitions, which are a traditional means of artistic representation? Epithet
The events in the work are narrated from the perspective of fictional character. What is the name of the character in the work who is entrusted with the narration of events and other characters? Narrator
What is the name of the hero of this work?
What is the name of the genre of literature to which the work belongs? Epic
What is the deliberate use of identical words in a text that enhances the significance of a statement? Repeat
What term refers to the way of displaying the internal state of characters, thoughts and feelings? // What is the name of the author’s ability to convey the feelings and thoughts that possess the characters, their inner life? Psychologism
What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text? // What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of characterizing a hero? Detail
The fragment begins and ends with a description of the fire in Smolensk, etc. Indicate the term that denotes the arrangement and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art. // What term denotes the organization of parts of the work, images and their connections? Composition
Indicate the type of trope, which is based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others (“flame of talent”). Metaphor
Indicate the genre to which the work belongs. Novel, short story, tale, fairy tale...
At the beginning of the fragment a description of the character's appearance is given. What is this means of characterization called? Portrait
At the beginning of the episode, a description of the night village is given. What term is used to denote such a description? // What term is used to denote a description of nature? Scenery
To which genre variety refers to the novel? Social-philosophical, psychological, social-everyday...
Indicate a trope that is a replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase. Paraphrase /For example, The Land of the Rising Sun - Japan/
A symbolic image, the meaning of which goes beyond the subject matter. Symbol
What term is used to designate the part of the work that depicts the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot? Exposition
What term denotes the totality of events, turns and twists and turns of action in a work? Plot
What term refers to the final component of a work? Epilogue
Artistic time and space are the most important characteristics of the author’s model of the world. What traditional spatial landmark does Goncharov use to create the image of a symbolically rich closed space? House
How is the form of allegory characteristic of fables called a parable? Allegory
Enter the name of the appointment artistic exaggeration, in which verisimilitude gives way to fantasy and caricature. Grotesque
What is the name of the type of description in literary works that allowed the author to recreate the furnishings of a person’s home? Interior
What are the names of words and expressions that deviate from the norms? literary language(“they are singing”, “we can”) Vernacular/Dialect
The surname of which Russian critic, democratic revolutionary is similar to the surname of Dobrosklonov? (this is from Nekrasov in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus' Doborolubov.
The surnames of the heroes of the work, containing hidden meaning(Kabanova, Dikoy, Pravdin, Skotinin, Raskolnikov). // Following tradition, the author gives the heroes of his work names and surnames that carry certain characteristics. What are these first and last names called? Speakers.
Typical questions about dramatic works
Within what literary movement was this work created? Classicism, realism
What term refers to the form of speech of characters that represents an exchange of remarks? Dialogue
Determine the genre of the work.
Fonvizin “Minor” - comedy
Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” - comedy
Gogol "The Inspector General" - comedy
Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” - drama
Chekhov " Cherry Orchard" - comedy
Gorky “At the Bottom” - drama
One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is to reveal the character of the hero through his surname. What are these surnames called? Speakers
In literary criticism, what do you call characters who do not appear on stage? Off-stage
The fragment depicts an acute clash of positions between the heroes. What is the name of such a clash, the confrontation of characters, which underlies the development of the action of a literary work? Conflict
Type of conflict? Public, love, social
What stage in the development of the action does this fragment belong to? Commencement, climax, denouement
Indicate the name of the genre of literature to which the play belongs...? Drama
What is the name of the extended statement of one character? Monologue
Name the term that refers to the statements of the characters in the play. // What is a single phrase of an interlocutor in a stage dialogue called in dramaturgy? Replica
What is the name of the part of the act (action) dramatic work, in which the composition characters remains unchanged? Scene
What is the term that is used in literary criticism to denote an expression that has become popular? // The actor utters a succinct, laconic phrase: “Without a name, there is no person.” What is the name of this type of sayings?// What are the names of the sayings of heroes that are distinguished by brevity, capacity of thought and expressiveness? Aphorism
The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features. // What term is usually used to designate the part of the work where the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot are depicted? Exposition
What is the main means of characterization in this fragment of the play? Speech
Name the medium of artistic representation
Typical questions about lyrical works
What is the name of the type of lyricism to which this poem belongs? // What genre-thematic type of poetry does this poem belong to?
Landscape, civil, love, friendly, meditative (Tyutchev “There is melodiousness in sea waves..."), philosophical...
What is the name of a stylistic figure based on a change in the direct order of words? // What stylistic figure, consisting of a violation of the generally accepted word order, does the poet use to create...? Inversion
A term used in literary studies to describe a figurative and expressive means that allows one to transfer meaning by similarity from one object to another? (Mean of allegorical expressiveness). Metaphor
Please enter a name stylistic device, which the poet uses when starting lines with the same word. Anaphora
What is the character of the rhyme called? Circular, cross, adjacent
What poetic genre does this poem belong to?
Ola, elegy, dedication, epigram...
What is it called poetic device, based on the repetition of vowel sounds? Assonance
What is the poetic technique of repeating identical consonant sounds called?
Alliteration
Determine the meter in which the poem is written.
Iambic (2 4 6 8) trochee (1 3 5 7), dactyl (1 4 7 10), amphibrachium (2 5 8 11), anapest (3 6 9 12)
HOW TO DO THIS COMPETENTLY?
We write down lines from the poem, breaking them into syllables;
We put emphasis on words;
We write down the numbers under the stressed syllables;
We look at the previous diagrams and choose the size.
In `this de-re`v-no fire` not in ga`-she-ny
1 4 7 10
You don’t mean a lot to me...
1 4 7 10 uh it's a dactyl.
Another example!
No, you are not Push-kin. But ku´-yes
Can't see the sun from anywhere 2 4 8
2 4 8 this is iambic
Enter the term used to call artistic definition. Epithet
What is the name of the technique that allows you to give the world around us human feelings and experiences? Personification
What is the name of the versification system in which this poem was written?
Tonic, syllabic-tonic
What is a combination of lines held together by a common rhyme and intonation called in literary criticism? Stanza
What is the term used to denote the consonance of the ends of poetic lines? Rhyme
Happens:
ADJACENT(AABB),
CROSS( ABAB),
RING(ABBA)
What is the name of a technique based on a combination of incompatible concepts? Oxymoron
Name the type of trope based on the comparison of objects or phenomena. Comparison
What is the simplest unit of plot development called? Motive
What term is used to call a set of lines consisting of quatrains, each of which is an organized combination of poetic lines. Quatrain
What is the name of the method of allegory that involves depicting an abstract idea through concrete images? Allegory
What is the name of a generalized image that includes many associative features? Symbol
What is the name of the technique that consists of replacing a word with a descriptive expression indicating important properties, qualities, signs of an object or phenomenon? Periphrase
To enhance the emotional significance of the statement, the author uses the form of a question that does not require an answer. What is this means of expression called? Rhetorical question
Name the type of composition characterized by the repetition of the same motif, line, etc. at the beginning and end of the work. Ring
What literary movement does creativity belong to...?
Classicism, romanticism, realism, symbolism, futurism, acmeism, imagism
What is it called artistic technique, based on sharp opposition? Antithesis//contrast
The second and third stanzas are built on a comparison of pictures of nature and the human condition. What is this technique called in literary criticism?
Comparison//Parallelism
The second and fourth stanzas are almost identical in content. What is this technique called? Repeat
What is the name of a poetic concept that affirms self-worth? artistic creativity? Art for art's sake(freedom of art from politics).
Indicate the classic lyrical genre (sad reflection on the frailty of existence, lost love, etc.), the features of which are present in the poem... Elegy.
What is the name of the stanza used by the author in the work? (we are talking about the novel in verse “Eugene Onegin”) Onegin's stanza/Onegin's
Poem "Hamlet" by B.L. Pasternak “attributed” his hero famous novel. Indicate the title of this work. Doctor Zhivago.
What means of expressing his own position does the poet resort to, subjecting his characters not to hidden, but to obvious ridicule and denunciation? Sarcasm/Invective
1. Check if did you understand the task adequately?. Analyze the question by highlighting keywords . Understand the meaning of the terms used in the wording of the question.
2. Do it analytical work with text of the task, which essentially serves as an answer plan: first name the authors and works (at least two comparison positions), and then justify your choice by commenting on these works in accordance with the assignment.
3. Include only those text material, which serves as an accurate commentary on your points.
4. Edit answer, remove redundant reasoning and examples, make the necessary additions in response to home(comparative) part of the question.
5. Avoid general reasoning.
6. Analyze response logic, check speech design, eliminate speech defects.
Examples of poem analysis.
Tyutchev F.I.
The kite rose from the clearing,
He soared high into the sky;
Higher and higher, it curls further -
And so he went beyond the horizon!
Mother Nature gave him
Two powerful, two living wings -
And here I am, covered in sweat and dust.
I, the king of the earth, am rooted to the earth!..
1.Theme of the poem- kite in the sky, a man watching the flight of a kite. Man and nature.
2. The poem is divided into two parts, two quatrains
3.First part- characteristic narrative intonation. The poet draws the beginning of the flight of a kite, which rushes to the sky. These poems sound freely, calmly, measuredly, conveying a picture of flight.
In verse 1 the word kite- subject of description, in verse 2 - phrase to the sky which indicates the movement of the kite in space.
In verses 3–4, the space in which the kite flies expands, this is indicated by the words higher, farther.
In the first quatrain it is drawn real picture nature, which the reader sees together with the author.
The first stanza is read smoothly and calmly. There is a sense of slowness and tranquility in nature.
4. Grammar Basics stand out clearly in lines 1-3 of the poem. The verbs “rose, soared, curled” convey the dynamics of movement. The lyrical hero’s gaze moves from bottom to top, the kite gradually decreases, but the person, on the contrary, feels deprived, “rooted to the ground,” that is, despite the fact that a person is, of course, larger in size than a kite, but due to the inability to soar into the sky like a bird , he is inferior to the bird. Let's imagine a kite looking from the sky to the ground - he sees a small dot, which is the “king of nature.” The kite is “convinced” that the king of nature is he, the kite, soaring in the sky.
The final verses 7–8 sound with an intonation of sadness, forming second part quietness. It sounds like the lyrical hero’s regret about a man who is deprived of wings, deprived of flight and forced to live on earth “in sweat and dust.”
5-6 . Language means– the poet uses archaic forms of words:
“to the ground"- the poet’s reasoning emphasizes the eternal and unchanging weakness of man in relation to the power of nature.
Archaic form further gives the text elation, solemnity and brings the speech closer to a high style.
The verbs “rose, soared, curled” convey movement, thus the picture of the poem is lively and dynamic.
Nature-mother - The application shows the connection between nature and the kite, her “son”.
7. Artistic painting poems- a man watches the flight of a bird, sees a kite soaring in the sky and thinks that he, the “king of the earth,” cannot rise into the sky.
8 . Looking at flying birds, you involuntarily think about the impossibility of rising into the sky. But this is a long-standing dream of man (remember Icarus and Daedalus). Flying is freedom. The hero of Korolenko’s essay “Paradox”, a man without arms (-wings?) says: “Man is born for happiness, like a bird for flight.” Katerina in “The Thunderstorm” by N.A. Ostrovsky says: “Why don’t people fly like birds?” For each of the heroes works-poems Tyutchev, Jan Zalusky, Katerina - the concept of freedom, happiness is the opportunity to “fly”, and not in the literal sense of the word.
9-10-11 . Tyutchev's poem is a reflection on human capabilities. He is the “king of the earth” - but why can’t he rise to the sky? We find the answer - man is the “king on earth”, and the kite is the king of heaven. But man so wants to conquer the sky!.. The last line of the poem is about this, it sounds both like a desperate exclamation and like bitterness, the realization of the impossibility of overcoming gravity and soaring into the sky “higher, further.” A kite from a height of flight can “look around” its possessions like a real king, but a man cannot look around the earth, despite the fact that he is the “king of the earth.” What is stopping you? - it’s that the “king of the earth” is rooted to the ground. A person in sweat and dust is forced to constantly work on the land to feed himself. How can one not remember the Bible and the expulsion of a person from Paradise for eating the forbidden fruit! Therefore, man is punished by being “rooted to the ground,” working in sweat and dust and greedily watching the birds in the sky!
Free analysis of the poem by F.I. Tyutcheva
"The kite rose from the clearing"
The poem was written in 1835. For F.I. Tyutchev, man is as much a mystery as nature. The poet is faced with the question of the relationship between nature and man. Man is a thinking creature. Due to the fact that he is endowed with reason, he is separated from nature. In the poem “The Kite Arose from the Clearing,” human thought irresistibly strives to comprehend the unknown, but it is in no way possible for it to go beyond the “earthly circle.” For the human mind there is a limit, predetermined and inevitable. The sight of a kite rising from the field and disappearing into the sky leads the poet to the following thoughts: “Mother Nature gave him / Two powerful, two living wings - / And here I am in sweat and dust, / I, the king of the earth, have grown to the ground !..”
This poem by F. I. Tyutchev is consonant with Faust’s monologue translated by him from the scene “At the Gates,” which speaks of the inherent desire of human nature “up and away.” And it is characteristic that the hero of Goethe’s tragedy associates the awakening of this innate feeling in him with images of birds: a lark ringing in the sky, an eagle soaring above the treetops, or a crane hurrying to its homeland.
Clichés for analysis
| Definition of genre (love, philosophical, civil, landscape, symbolist) | The poem "..." belongs to...lyrics The poem represents shining example.. lyrics The poem can be classified as ... lyrics |
| Identification of the lyrical plot, the experiences of the lyrical hero | It can be said that lyrical hero… |
| Ideal level (idea, emotion) | The poem clearly captures the mood (joy, despondency, delight, hope) ... the motive of sadness sounds... |
| Isolation of compositional parts (if any) - climax, digressions, contrasting parts, ring composition | The poem consists of... stanzas... The work was built... It has a clear structure.. The climax of the poem occurs at... |
| Interpretation of the name | The poem is named so because... |
| Characteristics of images (nouns-images) - | In the first stanza images (nouns) appear... |
| Artistic and expressive means | |
| Actions and states (problem verbs) | ... notes(What?)...describes(What?)...concerns(what?) ...draws attention(for what?) ...reminds(about what?) |
| Space, time | The space is presented in a very interesting way... (description of the room and everything in it, from general to particular, from particular to general, the description is presented from top to bottom, a description of the space in width, access to the level of the sky, space...) |
| Stylistic level (vocabulary, rhyme, syntax) | The poem uses such syntactic means as... (repetitions: anaphors, epiphores, inversion, parallelism, rhetorical questions, exclamations, omissions) The sentences used are constructed... |
| Phonic level (verse size, sound writing: alliteration, assonance) | ...The rhythmic pattern is based on trochee pentameter... The rhythm of the poem is based on trochee pentameter...The size of the poem is ... A special selection of consonant vowels (consonants) enhances the impression... |
So, in our version of the Unified State Exam In literature, task 5 is devoted to the composition of the work.
5. What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, a sheepskin coat, boots, a dress)?
Answer:___________________________
You can watch a detailed analysis of task 5 in the video.
REFERENCE MATERIAL
IN modern literary criticism the term “COMPOSITION” of a work is understood in different ways. We will not go into the details of each opinion of literary schools, but will only indicate that we understand composition in two versions.
The first option is a broad understanding of composition
Composition is the overall structure work of art- semantic parts, author's division into parts and the like.
Based on this understanding of composition, we can denote in “ The captain's daughter» the following compositional parts:
1. Division into compositional parts according to geographical principles:
2. Division into compositional parts according to the principle of the main character growing up:
As can be seen from the given examples of division into compositional parts, a broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION for precise work with literary text It just won't do. Each person who reads it, depending on their understanding of what they read, will create their own unique composition. From this we can conclude that the broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION OF A WORK OF ART is characterized by subjectivity, i.e. inaccuracy.
The second option is a narrow understanding of composition
Composition is the arrangement of the structural elements of a work, which, serving the author’s intention, create integral artistic images.
What main structural elements of the work should be highlighted when analyzing the composition of the work?
Title of the work- this is an element of composition that serves as the main guideline and semantic emphasis of the work. In our case, the name is “The Captain's Daughter”. A.S. Pushkin specifically included a fictional character in the name - the captain's daughter Marya Ivanovna Mironova.
This element of the composition sets the reader up to perceive artistic design writer. This work is not historical work, artistic reconstruction of historical events.
Chapter titles- this is also structural element compositions. With the help of these titles, the writer gives the reader a sense of anticipation for the next events. For example: the title of the chapter “Sergeant of the Guard” sets the reader’s thoughts on dramatic changes in the life of the main character.
Epigraphs- This is both a structural element of the plot and composition of the work. The epigraph in a condensed form gives the main meaning of the work or its part. A special feature of the composition of “The Captain's Daughter” is the abundance of epigraphs (an epigraph to the entire work and to each chapter separately).
Narration- this is a chain of events that are the basis for the development of the action of the entire work. In "The Captain's Daughter" the narrative is sequential, without temporary rearrangements.
Description- this is a type of speech of a work of art, which is distinguished by staticity, an abundance of details, portraits, landscapes, etc. Description slows down the space-time continuum of the work, allowing the reader to comprehend what has already been read.
Detail - this is important for creating a holistic artistic image subject (phenomenon, detail, thing). There is an abundance of detail in The Captain's Daughter. on the one hand, it recreates the life of that time, for example, “a saucepan with jam”, “a sheepskin coat”, “bath accessories”; on the other hand, they create unique artistic images “red boots”, “white morning dress"etc.
Portrait- this is a set of details that create the appearance of an artistic image, for example: a portrait of Pugachev, a portrait of Grinev, etc.
Scenery is a collection of details that create an image of nature. The peculiarity of natural details can add character to the landscape, for example: a hostile landscape (blizzard, blizzard) during Pyotr Grinev’s drive from home to Orenburg. Usually the nature of the landscape anticipates subsequent events.
Interior- is a collection of details interior decoration premises, for example: the interior of the hut to which the counselor led them.
Exterior- is a collection of details external state structures, buildings, houses, for example: the exterior of the Belogorsk fortress.
Reasoning- This is a type of speech that is characterized by a deviation from the narrative. The reasoning clarifies the cause-and-effect relationships of the events described in the work. For example: Grinev’s father’s reasoning about the fate of his son.
Inner monologue- these are the hero’s reasonings that other heroes of the work should not hear. The internal monologue, from the reader's point of view, characterizes him psychological state, for example: the internal monologue of Pyotr Grinev during interrogation.
Monologue- this is the reasoning of the hero of the work. The monologue is not designed for the response of those to whom the monologue is addressed, for example: the monologue of Maria Ivanovna.
Dialogue- this is a reasoning between two heroes, which is carried out through an exchange of remarks, for example: the dialogue between Pyotr Grinev and Pugachev on the way to the Belogorsk fortress.
Polylogue- this is the reasoning of several (more than two) heroes of the work, which, just like dialogue, is carried out through the exchange of remarks, for example: a polylogue at Pugachev’s military council, which was attended by Grinev.
Letter- this is a type of monologue, which is given in the form of a recording, i.e. letters, for example: a letter from Father Grinev to Savelich.
Also, as compositional parts we can consider folklore elements: songs, fairy tales, legends, proverbs, riddles, etc. For example: the song “Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree...” or Kalmyk fairy tale, which Pugachev told Grinev.
All of the above compositional elements are not exhausted. In every separate work the presence of compositional parts will be its own, and this will reveal the peculiarity of the composition.
What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, Bazarov’s robe and Pavel Petrovich’s English suite noted by the author)?
Read the text fragment below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1-C2.
“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” Arkady answered and headed towards the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”
Explanation.
Such detail is called detail or artistic detail. Let's give a definition.
An artistic detail is a particularly significant, highlighted element of an artistic image, an expressive detail in a work that carries a significant semantic, ideological and emotional load.
Answer: artistic detail.
Answer: detail|artistic detail
1. What is the name for the form of allegory characteristic of fables, a parable? ( Allegory)
2. Name the term that is used in literary criticism to designate an expression that has become popular? OR: In the speech of the heroes of the play there are many short, figurative sayings that express original thoughts (for example, in the speech of Ash: “You are not a nail, I am not pliers...”). What are such statements called? OR: Many of the remarks of the characters in the play have become commonly used (for example: “You can’t always cure your soul with the truth”). Indicate the term that denotes apt figurative expressions containing a complete philosophical thought. ( Aphorism)
3. In literary criticism, what are characters who do not appear on stage called? OR: In the stories of Ms. Prostakova and Skotinin, the “dead father” and uncle Vavila Faleleich appear. What are the names of the characters mentioned in the speech of the heroes, but not appearing on stage? ( Off-stage)
4. In a literary work, what is the name of the monologue that the hero pronounces “to himself”? ( Inner monologue)
5. Wanting to show his importance, Khlestakov uses a clear exaggeration: “thirty-five thousand couriers alone.” What is the name of an artistic technique based on exaggeration? ( Hyperbola)
6. One of the characteristic techniques of classicism is revealing the character of the hero through his last name. What are these names called? OR: The surname of Khlestakov, as well as the surnames of other characters in the play, contains a certain figurative characteristic. What are these surnames called? ( Speakers)
7. Indicate the name of the technique of artistic exaggeration, in which verisimilitude gives way to fantasy or caricature. ( Grotesque)
8. What is the name of an expressive detail that carries an important semantic load in a literary text? OR: Indicate the name of the detail that gives the story special expressiveness (for example, the tear that rolled out of Chichikov. OR: What term denotes a significant small detail that contains an important meaning (for example, Father’s chest from the story of Mrs. Prostakova)? ( Detail)
9. What term refers to the form of speech of characters that represents an exchange of remarks? OR: The text of the fragment is an alternation of statements of the characters addressed to each other. What is this form called? verbal communication? (Dialogue)
10. Specify genre, to which the work belongs. (Epic genres: Novel, short story, story, fairy tale, fable, epic, short story, essay... Dramatic genres: drama, comedy, tragedy...
11. Define genre of work. Fonvizin “The Minor” is a comedy. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" - comedy. Gogol "The Inspector General" is a comedy. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" is a drama. Chekhov's "The Cherry Orchard" is a comedy. Gorky "At the Bottom" - drama.
12. Which one genre variety refers to the novel? ( Social-philosophical, psychological, social-everyday...)
13. What stage in the development of action does this fragment belong to? ( Commencement, climax, denouement). OR: What is the name of the moment highest voltage in development dramatic plot. (Climax).
14. The free, relaxed nature of the characters’ speech is emphasized in this fragment by violating the direct word order in their phrases: “I’ll give you money for them”; “After all, I’ve never sold dead people before.” Name this technique. ( Inversion)
15. What is the name of the type of description in literary works that allowed the author to recreate the furnishings of a home? OR: Indicate the term that in literary criticism is used to describe the setting of the action, the interior decoration of the premises (“... in the corner, in front of the black board of the icon of the Mother of God of the Three-Handed One, a lamp was burning, they sat down at a long table on a black leather sofa...”). ( Interior)
16. Name an artistic technique in which the implied meaning of a word or phrase is the opposite of the literally expressed (“Master of interpreting decrees”). ( Irony)
17. The fragment begins and ends with a description of a fire in Smolensk, etc. Indicate the term that denotes the location and relationship of parts, episodes, images in a work of art. OR: What term denotes the organization of parts of a work, images and their connections? ( Composition)
18. The fragment depicts an acute clash of positions between the heroes. What is such a collision called in the work? OR: Clashes between the characters are revealed from the very beginning of the play. What is the name of the irreconcilable contradiction underlying dramatic action? ( Conflict)
19. Type conflict? (Public, love, social). OR: The conflict associated with the relationship between the hero and heroine determines the plot action " Clean Monday» I.A. Bunina. Define this conflict. ( Love)
20. Within what literary direction was this work created? ( Sentimentalism, classicism, realism, symbolism...). OR: Indicate the name of the literary movement of the 18th century, the tradition of which Griboyedov continues, endowing some of the heroes of his realistic play with “speaking” surnames - characteristics. ( Classicism) OR: What is it called literary direction, the principles of which are partly formulated in the second part of the presented fragment (“to bring out everything that is every minute in front of our eyes and what indifferent eyes do not see - all the terrible, stunning mud of little things that entangle our lives”)? ( Realism)
21. Indicate the type of trope, which is based on the transfer of the properties of some objects and phenomena to others (“flame of talent”). OR: What term denotes the means of allegorical expressiveness that the author refers to when describing the giant ship “Atlantis”: “... the floors... gaped with countless fiery eyes”? ( Metaphor)
22. What is the name of the extended statement of one character? ( Monologue)
23. At the beginning of the episode, a description of the night village is given. What is the term for such a description? OR: What term is used to describe nature? ( Scenery)
24. Indicate a trope that is a replacement of a proper name with a descriptive phrase. ( Periphrase)
25. What is the deliberate use of identical words in a text that enhances the significance of a statement? OR: “Yes, he was hateful to me, hateful...”, “It’s so hard, so hard.” What is this technique called? ( Repeat)
26. Name an artistic medium based on the image of a person’s appearance, his face, clothes, etc. (“The fluff on her upper lip was frosted, the amber of her cheeks turned slightly pink, the blackness of the paradise completely merged with the pupil...”). OR: At the beginning of the fragment a description of the character’s appearance is given. What is this means of characterization called? ( Portrait)
27. The characters’ speech is replete with words and expressions that violate literary norms (“such rubbish,” “take me away,” etc.). Indicate this type of speech. ( Vernacular)
28. What term refers to the way of displaying the internal state of characters, thoughts and feelings? OR: What is the name of the image of the hero’s internal experiences, manifested in his behavior? (“confused, blushed all over, made a negative gesture with his head”)? ( Psychologism)
29. The events in the work are presented from the perspective of a fictional character. What is the name of the character in the work who is entrusted with the narration of events and other characters? ( Narrator)
30. What is the name of the hero who expresses author's position? (Reasoner)
31. The first act of M. Gorky’s play “At the Lower Depths” opens with the author’s explanation: “A basement like a cave. The ceiling is heavy stone vaults, smoked, with falling off plaster...” What is the name of the author's explanation that precedes or accompanies the course of action in a play? OR: Indicate the term used in plays to describe short authorial remarks (“Teases him,” “With a sigh,” etc.). ( Remarque)
32. Name the term that refers to the statements of the characters in the play. OR: What is the name in dramaturgy for a single phrase of an interlocutor in a stage dialogue? ( Replica)
33. Enter a title sort of literature to which the work belongs? ( Epic, drama)
34. What is it called in literary criticism? special kind comic: ridicule, exposure negative aspects life, their depiction in an absurd caricature (for example, the depiction of generals in the fairy tale by M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”?) ( Satire)
35. Describing the tavern where the heroes arrived, I.A. Bunin uses a figurative expression based on the correlation of two objects, concepts or states that have a common feature (“it was steamy, like in a bathhouse”). What is the name of this artistic technique? OR: Indicate the technique used by the author in the following phrase: “... soaring high above all other geniuses of the world, as an eagle soars above other high-flying ones.” ( Comparison)
36. What is the name of the part of the act (action) of a dramatic work in which the composition of the characters remains unchanged? ( Scene)
37. What term denotes the totality of events, turns and twists and turns of action in a work? ( Plot)
39. Artistic time and space– the most important characteristics of the author’s model of the world. What traditional spatial landmark does Goncharov use to create the image of a symbolically rich closed space? ( House)
41. The above scene contains information about the characters, place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features. OR: What term is used to designate the part of the work that depicts the circumstances preceding the main events of the plot? ( Exposition)
42. What term refers to the final component of a work? ( Epilogue)
43. What is the name in literary criticism for a means that helps describe a hero (“weak”, “frail”)? OR: What are the names of figurative definitions, which are a traditional means of artistic representation? (
The examination paper on literature consists of 3 parts.
- Part 1 includes an analysis of a fragment of an epic, or lyre-epic, or dramatic work: 7 short-answer tasks (B1-B7), requiring the writing of a word, or a combination of words, or a sequence of numbers, and 2 long-answer tasks (C1-C2) , in the amount of 5-10 sentences.
- Part 2 includes analysis lyrical work: 5 tasks with a short answer (B8-B12) and 2 tasks with a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences (C3-C4). When completing tasks C1-C4, try to formulate a direct, coherent answer to the question posed, avoiding lengthy introductions and characteristics, observing the norms of speech. The indication of the volume of detailed answers in parts 1 and 2 is conditional; The assessment of the answer depends on its content.
- Part 3 includes 3 tasks, from which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed, reasoned answer to it in the genre of an essay on literary theme of at least 200 words.
When completing tasks with a detailed answer, rely on the author’s position, formulate your point of view, use theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work.
The duration of the Unified State Examination in literature is 4 hours (240 minutes). We recommend spending no more than 2 hours to complete the tasks of parts 1 and 2, and 2 hours for part 3.
Answers on Unified State Exam forms are written clearly and legibly in bright black ink. You can use gel, capillary or fountain pens.
When completing assignments, you can use a draft, but the entries in it will not be taken into account when grading the work.
We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that you cannot complete immediately and move on to the next one. If you have time left after completing all the work, you can return to the missed tasks.
The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.
Part 1
Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks B1-B7; C1, C2.
“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have dinner and rest.
“It’s really not bad to eat,” Bazarov remarked, stretching, and sank onto the sofa.
- Yes, yes, let's have dinner, have dinner quickly. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason. - By the way, Prokofich.
A man of about sixty entered, white-haired, thin and dark, wearing a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink scarf around his neck. He grinned, walked up to Arkady’s handle and, bowing to his guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
“Here he is, Prokofich,” began Nikolai Petrovich, “he has finally come to us... What? how do you find it?
“In the best possible way, sir,” said the old man and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Would you like to set the table? - he said impressively.
- Yes, yes, please. But won’t you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?
- No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my suitcase to be stolen there and these clothes,” he added, taking off his robe.
- Very good. Prokofich, take their overcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov’s “clothes” with both hands and, raising it high above his head, walked away on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your room for a minute?
“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” answered Arkady and was about to go to the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties.
Pavel Petrovich took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands,” he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.”
Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought that you wouldn’t come today,” he spoke in a pleasant voice, swaying courteously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did something happen on the road?
“Nothing happened,” answered Arkady, “so, we hesitated a little.”
(I.S. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons.”)
The answer to tasks B1-B7 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Enter the answers first into the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter (number) in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
Q1 Name the literary direction in which the work of I.S. developed. Turgenev and whose principles were embodied in “Fathers and Sons”.
Q2 What genre does the work of I.S. belong to? Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"?
Q3 What is the name of a means of characterizing a character that is based on a description of his appearance (“He looked about forty-five years old...”)?
Answer: ___________________________.
Q4 Establish a correspondence between the characters appearing in this fragment and their future fate.
For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down your answer in numbers in the table and transfer it to answer form No. 1.
| A | B | IN |
Q5 What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, Bazarov’s robe and Pavel Petrovich’s English suite noted by the author)?
Answer: ___________________________.
B6 Senior Kirsanov and Bazarov are presented in opposition from the first pages of the work. What is the name of the technique of sharp contrast used in a work of art?
Answer: ___________________________.
Q7 At the beginning of the above fragment, the characters communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is it called this type speeches?
Answer: ___________________________.
To complete tasks C1 and C2, use answer form No. 2. First write down the task number, and then give a direct, coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).
Rely on the author’s position and, if necessary, express your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text of the work.
When completing task C2, give at least two comparison positions (a comparison position is considered to indicate the author and title of the work of art with the obligatory justification for your choice; you can give two works of the same author as comparison positions, with the exception of the author whose work is considered in the task).
C1 How is the main conflict of the work outlined in this episode of Fathers and Sons?
C2 Which works of Russian classics depict the conflict between representatives of different generations, and in what ways can these works be compared with Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”?
Part 2
Read the work below and complete tasks B8-B12; C3, C4.
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out harnesses flutter,
And the painted knitting needles knit
Into loose ruts...
Russia, poor Russia,
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are windy to me -
Like the first tears of love!
I don't know how to feel sorry for you
And I carefully carry my cross...
Which sorcerer do you want?
Give me your robber beauty!
Let him lure and deceive, -
You will not be lost, you will not perish,
And only care will cloud
Your beautiful features...
Well then? One more concern -
The river is noisier with one tear,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
And the impossible is possible
The long road is easy
When the road flashes in the distance
An instant glance from under a scarf,
When it rings with guarded melancholy
The dull song of the coachman!..
(A.A. Blok, 1908)
The answer to tasks B8-B12 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence of numbers. Enter the answers first into the text of the work, and then transfer them to answer form No. 1 to the right of the number of the corresponding task, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter (number) in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.
B8 Name the modernist poetic movement of the early 20th century, one of the prominent representatives of which was A.A. Block.
Answer: ___________________________.
B9 Indicate the stanza number (ordinal number in nominative case), in which the poet uses anaphora.
Answer: ___________________________.
B10 Indicate the technique the author resorts to in the lines:
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are windy to me -
Like the first tears of love!
Answer: ___________________________.
B11 Select three titles from the list below artistic means and the techniques used by the poet in the fourth stanza of this poem.
1) hyperbole
2) inversion
3) irony
4) epithet
5) sound recording
Enter the corresponding numbers in the table in ascending order and transfer them to answer form No. 1.
B12 Indicate the size in which A.A.’s poem is written. Block “Russia” (without indicating the number of stops).
Answer: ___________________________.
To complete tasks C3 and C4, use answer form No. 2.
First write down the number of the task, and then give a direct, coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).
Rely on the author’s position and, if necessary, express your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text of the work. When completing task C4, give at least two comparison positions (a comparison position is considered to indicate the author and title of the work of art with the obligatory justification for your choice; you can give two works of the same author as comparison positions, with the exception of the author whose work is considered in the task).
Write down your answers clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.
C3 What feeling is imbued with the poet’s appeal to Russia?
C4 In what works of Russian poets is the image of Russia created and what are their similarities and differences with the poem by A.A. Blok?
Part 3
To complete the task of part 3, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (C5.1, C5.2, C5.3).
In answer form No. 2, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay on this topic in a volume of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored 0 points).
Rely on the author's position and formulate your point of view. Argument your theses based on literary works(in an essay on lyricism, it is necessary to analyze at least three poems).
Use literary theoretical concepts to analyze the work.
Think over the composition of your essay.
Write your essay clearly and legibly, observing the norms of speech.
C5.1 As in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" reflects the clash of dreams with reality?
C5.2 What is the meaning of comparing the images of Katerina and Varvara? (Based on the play “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky.)
C5.3 As in the prose of M.A. Bulgakov's theme is revealed moral choice person? (Based on the novel " White Guard"or "The Master and Margarita".)
Evaluation system for examination work in literature
For the correct answer to tasks B1-B12, 1 point is given, for an incorrect answer or no answer - 0 points.
Answers to tasks B1-B12
| Job No. | Answer |
| B1 | realism |
| B2 | novel |
| B3 | portrait |
| B4 | 341 |
| B5 | detail |
| B6 | antithesacontrast |
| B7 | dialogue |
| B8 | symbolism |
| B9 | sixth |
| B10 | comparison |
| B11 | 245 |
| B12 | iambic |
Criteria for checking and assessing the completion of tasks with a detailed answer
Assessment of the completion of tasks C1 and C3, which require writing a detailed answer in the amount of 5-10 sentences
The indication of volume is conditional; the assessment of the answer depends on its content (if the examinee has deep knowledge, he can answer in a larger volume; with the ability to accurately formulate his thoughts, the examinee can answer quite fully in a smaller volume).
| Criteria | Points |
Inclusion of the work in a literary context and persuasiveness of arguments | |
a) the examinee answers the question based on the author’s position, indicates the names of two works and their authors*, and convincingly justifies the choice of each work; | 4 |
b) the examinee answers the question based on the author’s position, indicates the names of two works and their authors, | 3 |
c) the examinee answers the question based on the author’s position; | 2 |
d) the examinee, when answering the question, does not rely on the author’s position, | 1 |
e) the examinee does not answer the question, or gives an answer that is not meaningfully related to the task and is not based on the author’s position; | 0 |
| Maximum score | 4 |
*It is acceptable to indicate two works by the same author, with the exception of the author whose work is considered in the assignment.
Assessment of the completion of tasks C5.1, C5.2, C5.3,
requiring writing a detailed, reasoned answer in the genre
essays of at least 200 words
Among the five criteria by which an essay is assessed, the first criterion (content aspect) is the main one. If, when checking the work, the expert gives 0 points according to the first criterion, the task of part 3 is considered unfulfilled and is not checked further. For four others (2, 3, 4, 5) in the “Protocol for checking answers to tasks” of form No. 2, 0 points are given.
The score for the first position of the assessment of the assignment of part 3 is put in column 7 of the protocol, for the second position - in column 8, for the third - in column 9, for the fourth - in column 10, for the fifth - in column 11.
When assessing the completion of tasks in Part 3, you should take into account the volume of the written essay. A minimum length of 200 words is recommended for examinees. If the essay contains less than 150 words (the word count includes all words, including function words), then such work is considered incomplete and is scored 0 points.
When the essay is from 150 to 200 words, the maximum number of errors for each point level does not change.
| Criterion | Points |
| 1. The depth of the judgments made and the persuasiveness of the arguments | |
a) the examinee gives a direct, coherent answer to the question, based on the author’s position, and, if necessary, formulates his point of view; convincingly substantiates his theses, confirms his thoughts with text, does not replace analysis with retelling of the text; there are no factual errors or inaccuracies; | 3 |
b) the examinee gives a direct, coherent answer to the question, relying on the author’s position, formulates his point of view if necessary, and does not replace analysis with a retelling of the text, | 2 |
c) the examinee understands the essence of the question, | 1 |
d) the examinee does not cope with the task: | 0 |
| 2. Level of proficiency in theoretical and literary concepts | |
| a) the examinee uses theoretical and literary concepts to analyze the work; there are no errors or inaccuracies in the use of concepts | 2 |
b) the examinee includes in the text of the essay theoretical and literary concepts, | 1 |
c) the examinee does not use theoretical and literary concepts; | 0 |
| 3. Validity of using the text of the work | |
a) the text of the work in question is used in a comprehensive and reasonable manner (quotations with comments to them, brief retelling content necessary to prove judgments, reference to micro-topics of the text and their interpretation, various kinds of references to what is depicted in the work, etc.) | 3 |
b) the text is used in many ways, | 2 |
| c) the text is used only as a retelling of what is depicted | 1 |
| d) the text is not used, judgments are not substantiated by the text | 0 |
| 4. Compositional integrity and consistency of presentation | |
a) the essay is characterized by compositional integrity, its parts are logically connected, there are no violations of sequence or unreasonable repetitions within the semantic parts | 3 |
b) the composition is characterized by compositional integrity, its parts are logically interconnected, | 2 |
c) the compositional idea can be traced in the essay, | 1 |
d) there is no compositional intent in the essay; there are gross violations of the sequence of parts of the statement, which significantly complicates understanding the meaning of the essay | 0 |
| 5. Following speech norms | |
| A) speech errors no, or 1 speech error was made; | 3 |
| b) 2-3 speech errors were made; | 2 |
| c) 4 speech errors were made; | 1 |
d) the number of speech errors made significantly complicates understanding the meaning of the statement (5 or more speech errors were made) | 0 |
| Maximum score | 14 |
Part 1. Read the fragment of the work below and complete tasks 1-9.
“Here we are at home,” said Nikolai Petrovich, taking off his cap and shaking his hair. - The main thing is now to have dinner and rest.
It’s really not bad to eat,” Bazarov noted, stretching, and sank onto the sofa.
Yes, yes, let's have dinner, have dinner quickly. - Nikolai Petrovich stamped his feet for no apparent reason. - By the way, Prokofich.
A man of about sixty entered, white-haired, thin and dark, wearing a brown tailcoat with copper buttons and a pink scarf around his neck. He grinned, walked up to Arkady’s handle and, bowing to the guest, retreated to the door and put his hands behind his back.
Here he is, Prokofich,” Nikolai Petrovich began, “he finally came to us... What? how do you find it?
“In the best possible way, sir,” said the old man and grinned again, but immediately frowned his thick eyebrows. - Would you like to set the table? - he said impressively.
Yes, yes, please. But won’t you go to your room first, Evgeny Vasilich?
No, thank you, there is no need. Just order my suitcase to be stolen there and these clothes,” he added, taking off his robe.
Very good. Prokofich, take their overcoat. (Prokofich, as if in bewilderment, took Bazarov’s “clothes” with both hands and, raising it high above his head, walked away on tiptoe.) And you, Arkady, will you go to your room for a minute?
“Yes, we need to clean ourselves,” Arkady answered and headed towards the door, but at that moment a man of average height, dressed in a dark English suit, a fashionable low tie and patent leather ankle boots, Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, entered the living room. He looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark shine, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light incisor, showed traces of remarkable beauty; The light, black, oblong eyes were especially beautiful. The whole appearance of Arkady's uncle, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony and that desire upward, away from the earth, which for the most part disappears after the twenties. Pavel Petrovich took his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers - a hand that seemed even more beautiful from the snowy whiteness of the sleeve, fastened with a single large opal, and gave it to his nephew. Having previously performed the European “shake hands,” he kissed him three times, in Russian, that is, touched his cheeks with his fragrant mustache three times, and said: “Welcome.” Nikolai Petrovich introduced him to Bazarov: Pavel Petrovich slightly tilted his flexible figure and smiled slightly, but did not offer his hand and even put it back in his pocket.
“I already thought that you wouldn’t come today,” he spoke in a pleasant voice, swaying courteously, twitching his shoulders and showing his beautiful white teeth. - Did something happen on the road?
“Nothing happened,” answered Arkady, “so, we hesitated a little.” (I.S. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
Name the literary direction in which the work of I.S. developed. Turgenev and whose principles were embodied in “Fathers and Sons”.
1. What genre does the work of I.S. belong to? Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"?
2. What is the name of the means of characterizing a character, based on a description of his appearance (“He looked about forty-five years old...”)?
3. Establish a correspondence between the characters appearing in this fragment and their future fate: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CHARACTERS. FURTHER FATE
A. Evgeny Bazarov
B. Nikolay Kirsanov
B. Pavel Kirsanov
1) gets wounded in a duel
2) marries Odintsova’s sister
3) dies from a serious illness
4) marries Fenechka
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Answer: A B C
4. What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, Bazarov’s robe and Pavel Petrovich’s English suite noted by the author)?
5. The elder Kirsanov and Bazarov are opposed to each other from the first pages of the work. What is the name of the technique of sharp contrast used in a work of art?
6. At the beginning of the above fragment, the characters communicate with each other, exchanging remarks. What is this type of speech called?
To complete tasks 8 and 9, use ANSWER FORM No. 2. First write down the task number, and then give a direct, coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences).
Rely on the author’s position and, if necessary, express your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text of the work. When completing task 9, select two works of different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is acceptable to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.
8. How is the main conflict of the work outlined in this episode of “Fathers and Sons”?
9. Which works of Russian classics depict the conflict between representatives of different generations, and in what ways can these works be compared with Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons”?
Read the work below and complete tasks 10-16.
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out harnesses flutter,
And the painted knitting needles get stuck in loose ruts...
Russia, poor Russia,
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are like the wind to me - Like the first tears of love!
I don’t know how to feel sorry for you And I carefully carry my cross...
Give the robber beauty to whichever sorcerer you want!
Let him lure and deceive, - You won’t be lost, you won’t perish,
And only care will cloud Your beautiful features...
Well then? One more care - The river is noisier than one tear,
And you are still the same - forest and field,
Yes, the patterned board goes up to the eyebrows...
And the impossible is possible
The long road is easy
When the road flashes in the distance A momentary glance from under a scarf,
When the dull song of the coachman rings with prison melancholy!..
A.A. Blok, 1908
10. Name the modernist poetic movement, one of the prominent representatives of which was A.A. Block.
11. Indicate the number of the stanza (ordinal number in the nominative case) in which the poet uses anaphora.
I want your gray huts,
Your wind songs are like the first tears of love!
13. From the list below, select three names of artistic means and techniques used by the poet in the fourth stanza of this poem. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) hyperbole, 2) inversion, 3) irony, 4) epithet, 5) sound writing.
14. Indicate the size in which A.A.’s poem is written. Block “Russia” (without indicating the number of stops).
To complete tasks 15 and 16, use ANSWER FORM No.
First write down the assignment number, and then give a direct, coherent answer to the question (approximate volume - 5-10 sentences). Rely on the author’s position, and if necessary, express your point of view. Justify your answer based on the text of the work.
When completing task 16, select two works by different authors for comparison (in one of the examples, it is permissible to refer to the work of the author who owns the source text); indicate the titles of the works and the names of the authors; justify your choice and compare the works with the proposed text in a given direction of analysis.
15. What feeling is imbued with the poet’s appeal to Russia?
16. In what works of Russian poets is the image of Russia created and what are the similarities and differences between these works and the poem by A. A. Blok?
Part 2. To complete the task of part 2, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (17.1-17.3). In ANSWER FORM No. 2, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay on this topic of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored 0 points). Rely on the author's position and formulate your point of view.
Argument your theses based on literary works (in an essay on lyrics, you must analyze at least three poems). Use literary theoretical concepts to analyze the work. Think over the composition of your essay.
17.1. As in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Mtsyri" reflects the clash of dreams with reality?
17.2. How are the images of Katerina and Varvara contrasted with each other? (Based on the play “The Thunderstorm” by A.N. Ostrovsky.)
17.3. As in the prose of M.A. Bulgakov reveals the theme of a person’s moral choice? (Based on the novel “The White Guard” or “The Master and Margarita.”)
So, in our version of the Unified State Exam in Literature, task 5 is devoted to the composition of the work.
5. What is the name of a significant detail that is a means of artistic characterization (for example, a sheepskin coat, boots, a dress)?
Answer:___________________________
You can watch a detailed analysis of task 5 in the video.
REFERENCE MATERIAL
In modern literary criticism, the term “COMPOSITION” of a work is understood in different ways. We will not go into the details of each opinion of literary schools, but will only indicate that we understand composition in two versions.
The first option is a broad understanding of composition
Composition is the general structure of a work of art - semantic parts, author's division into parts, and the like.
Based on this understanding of composition, we can identify the following compositional parts in “The Captain’s Daughter”:
1. Division into compositional parts according to geographical principles:
2. Division into compositional parts according to the principle of the main character growing up:
As can be seen from the above examples of division into compositional parts, a broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION is simply not suitable for precise work with a literary text. Each person who reads it, depending on their understanding of what they read, will create their own unique composition. From this we can conclude that the broad understanding of the term COMPOSITION OF A WORK OF ART is characterized by subjectivity, i.e. inaccuracy.
The second option is a narrow understanding of composition
Composition is the arrangement of the structural elements of a work, which, serving the author’s intention, create integral artistic images.
What main structural elements of the work should be highlighted when analyzing the composition of the work?
Title of the work- this is an element of composition that serves as the main guideline and semantic emphasis of the work. In our case, the name is “The Captain's Daughter”. A.S. Pushkin specifically included a fictional character in the name - the captain's daughter Marya Ivanovna Mironova.
This element of composition tunes the reader to perceive the writer’s artistic intent. This work is not a historical work, an artistic reconstruction of historical events.
Chapter titles- This is also a structural element of the composition. With the help of these titles, the writer gives the reader a sense of anticipation for the next events. For example: the title of the chapter “Sergeant of the Guard” sets the reader’s thoughts on dramatic changes in the life of the main character.
Epigraphs- This is both a structural element of the plot and composition of the work. The epigraph in a condensed form gives the main meaning of the work or its part. A special feature of the composition of “The Captain's Daughter” is the abundance of epigraphs (an epigraph to the entire work and to each chapter separately).
Narration- this is a chain of events that are the basis for the development of the action of the entire work. In "The Captain's Daughter" the narrative is sequential, without temporary rearrangements.
Description- this is a type of speech of a work of art, which is distinguished by staticity, an abundance of details, portraits, landscapes, etc. Description slows down the space-time continuum of the work, allowing the reader to comprehend what has already been read.
Detail - This is an important object (phenomenon, detail, thing) for creating a holistic artistic image. There is an abundance of detail in The Captain's Daughter. on the one hand, it recreates the life of that time, for example, “a saucepan with jam”, “a sheepskin coat”, “bath accessories”; on the other hand, they create unique artistic images of “red boots”, “white morning dress”, etc.
Portrait- this is a set of details that create the appearance of an artistic image, for example: a portrait of Pugachev, a portrait of Grinev, etc.
Scenery is a collection of details that create an image of nature. The peculiarity of natural details can add character to the landscape, for example: a hostile landscape (blizzard, blizzard) during Pyotr Grinev’s drive from home to Orenburg. Usually the nature of the landscape anticipates subsequent events.
Interior- this is a set of details of the interior decoration of a room, for example: the interior of the hut to which the counselor led them.
Exterior- this is a set of details of the external state of a structure, building, house, for example: the exterior of the Belogorsk fortress.
Reasoning- This is a type of speech that is characterized by a deviation from the narrative. The reasoning clarifies the cause-and-effect relationships of the events described in the work. For example: Grinev’s father’s reasoning about the fate of his son.
Inner monologue- these are the hero’s reasonings that other heroes of the work should not hear. The internal monologue, from the reader’s point of view, characterizes his psychological state, for example: the internal monologue of Pyotr Grinev during interrogation.
Monologue- this is the reasoning of the hero of the work. The monologue is not designed for the response of those to whom the monologue is addressed, for example: the monologue of Maria Ivanovna.
Dialogue- this is a reasoning between two heroes, which is carried out through an exchange of remarks, for example: the dialogue between Pyotr Grinev and Pugachev on the way to the Belogorsk fortress.
Polylogue- this is the reasoning of several (more than two) heroes of the work, which, just like dialogue, is carried out through the exchange of remarks, for example: a polylogue at Pugachev’s military council, which was attended by Grinev.
Letter- this is a type of monologue, which is given in the form of a recording, i.e. letters, for example: a letter from Father Grinev to Savelich.
Also, folklore elements can be considered as compositional parts: songs, fairy tales, legends, proverbs, riddles, etc. For example: the song “Don’t make noise, mother green oak tree...” or the Kalmyk fairy tale that Pugachev told Grinev.
All of the above compositional elements are not exhausted. In each individual work, the presence of compositional parts will be its own, and this will reveal the peculiarity of the composition.