Let's look at the features of the comedy created by Fonvizin ("The Minor"). Analysis of this work is the topic of this article. This play is a masterpiece Russian literature 18th century. This work is now included in the Russian fund classical literature. It affects a whole series "eternal problems". And the beauty of the high style still attracts many readers today. The name of this play is associated with the decree issued by Peter I, according to which “minors” (young nobles) are prohibited from entering the service and getting married without education.
History of the play
Back in 1778, the idea of this comedy arose from its author, who was Fonvizin. “The Minor,” the analysis of which interests us, was written in 1782 and presented to the public in the same year. We should briefly highlight the time of creation of the play that interests us.
During the reign of Catherine II, Fonvizin wrote "The Minor". The analysis of the heroes presented below proves that they were heroes of their time. The period in the development of our country is associated with the dominance of ideas. They were borrowed by the Russians from the French enlighteners. The dissemination of these ideas and their great popularity among the educated philistines and nobility was largely facilitated by the empress herself. She is known to have corresponded with Diderot, Voltaire, and d’Alembert. In addition, Catherine II opened libraries and schools, and supported the development of art and culture in Russia through various means.
Continuing to describe the comedy that D.I. Fonvizin created ("The Minor"), analyzing its features, it should be noted that, as a representative of his era, the author, of course, shared the ideas that dominated the noble society at that time. He tried to reflect them in his work, exposing not only the positive aspects to readers and viewers, but also pointing out misconceptions and shortcomings.
"Minor" - an example of classicism
Analysis of the comedy "Minor" by Fonvizin requires considering this play as part of a cultural era and literary tradition. This work is considered one of the best examples of classicism. There is unity of action in the play (there are no secondary storylines, only the struggle for Sophia’s hand and her property is described), place (the characters do not move long distances, all events take place either near the Prostakovs’ house or inside it), and time (all events take no more than a day). In addition, he used “speaking” surnames, which are traditional for the classic play, Fonvizin (“Minor”). The analysis shows that, following tradition, he divided his characters into positive and negative. The positive ones are Pravdin, Starodum, Milon, Sophia. They are contrasted with Prostakov, Mitrofan, Skotinin by D.I. Fonvizin (play “The Minor”). An analysis of their names shows that they make it clear to the reader which features in the image of a particular character are prevalent. For example, Pravdin is the personification of morality and truth in the work.
A new genre of comedy, its features
"Minor" at the time of its creation became important step forward in the development of literature in our country, in particular drama. Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin created a new socio-political. It harmoniously combines a number of realistic scenes depicted with sarcasm, irony, and laughter from the lives of some ordinary representatives high society(nobility) with sermons about morality, virtue, the need for education human qualities, which were characteristic of the Enlightenment. Instructive monologues do not burden the perception of the play. They complement this work, as a result of which it becomes deeper.
First action
The play, the author of which is Fonvizin (“Minor”), is divided into 5 acts. Analysis of a work involves a description of the organization of the text. In the first act we meet the Prostakovs, Pravdin, Sophia, Mitrofan, Skotinin. The characters' personalities emerge immediately, and the reader understands that Skotinin and the Prostakovs - and Sophia and Pravdin - are positive. In the first act there is an exposition and plot of this work. In the exhibition we get to know the characters, we learn that Sophia lives in the care of the Prostakovs, who is going to be married off to Skotinin. Reading the letter from Starodum is the beginning of the play. Sophia now turns out to be a rich heiress. Any day now, her uncle is returning to take the girl to his place.
The development of events in the play created by Fonvizin (“Minor”)
We will continue the analysis of the work with a description of how events developed. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th acts are their development. We meet Starodum and Milon. Prostakova and Skotinin are trying to please Starodum, but their flattery, falsity, lack of education and enormous thirst for profit only repels them. They look stupid and funny. The funniest scene in this work is the questioning of Mitrofan, during which the stupidity of not only this young man, but also his mother is revealed.
Climax and denouement
Act 5 - climax and denouement. It should be noted that researchers have different opinions about what moment should be considered the climax. There are 3 most popular versions. According to the first, this is the kidnapping of Sophia Prostakova, according to the second, Pravdin’s reading of a letter, which says that Prostakova’s estate is coming under his care, and, finally, the third version is Prostakova’s rage after she realizes her own powerlessness and tries to “get back "on his servants. Each of these versions is valid, since it considers different points view of the work that interests us. The first, for example, highlights the storyline dedicated to Sophia’s marriage. An analysis of the episode of Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor,” connected with marriage, indeed allows us to consider it key in the work. The second version examines the play from a socio-political point of view, highlighting the moment when justice prevails on the estate. The third focuses on the historical one, according to which Prostakova is the personification of the weakened principles and ideals of the old nobility that have become a thing of the past, who, however, do not yet believe in their own defeat. This nobility, according to the author, is based on lack of enlightenment, lack of education, as well as low moral principles. During the denouement, everyone leaves Prostakova. She has nothing left. Pointing to it, Starodum says that this is " worthy fruits""evil nature".
Negative characters
As we have already noted, the main characters are clearly divided into negative and positive. Mitrofan, Skotinin and Prostakovs are negative heroes. Prostakova is a woman seeking profit, uneducated, rude, and domineering. She knows how to flatter to gain benefits. However, Prostakova loves her son. Prostakov appears as the “shadow” of his wife. This is a weak-willed character. His word means little. Skotinin is the brother of Mrs. Prostakova. This is an equally uneducated and stupid person, quite cruel, like his sister, greedy for money. For him, a walk to the pigs in the barnyard is best activity. Mitrofan is a typical son of his mother. This is a spoiled young man of 16 who inherited a love of pigs from his uncle.
Issues and heredity
In the play, it should be noted that Fonvizin (“The Minor”) devotes an important place to the issue of family ties and heredity. Analyzing this question, let's say, for example, that Prostakova is only married to her husband (a “simple” man who doesn’t want much). However, she is actually Skotinina, akin to her brother. Her son absorbed the qualities of both his parents - “animal” qualities and stupidity from his mother and weak-willedness from his father.
Similar family ties can be traced between Sophia and Starodum. Both of them are honest, virtuous, educated. The girl listens to her uncle attentively, respects him, and “absorbs” science. Pairs of opposites are created by negative and positive heroes. Children - spoiled stupid Mitrofan and meek, intelligent Sophia. Parents love their children, but they approach their upbringing in different ways - Starodub talks about truth, honor, morality, and Prostakova only pampers Mitrofan and says that he will not need education. A pair of suitors - Milon, who sees an ideal and his friend in Sophia, who loves her, and Skotinin, who calculates the fortune that he will receive after marrying this girl. At the same time, he is not interested in Sophia as a person. Skotinin does not even try to provide his bride with comfortable housing. Prostakov and Pravdin are in fact the “voice of truth”, a kind of “auditors”. But in the person of the official we find active strength, help and real action, while Prostakov is a passive character. The only thing this hero could say was to reproach Mitrofan at the end of the play.
Issues raised by the author
Analyzing, it becomes clear that each of the above-described pairs of characters reflects a separate problem that is revealed in the work. This is a problem of education (which is complemented by the example of half-educated teachers like Kuteikin, as well as impostors such as Vralman), upbringing, fathers and children, family life, relationships between spouses, relations of nobles to servants. Each of these problems is examined through the prism of educational ideas. Fonvizin, sharpening his attention to the shortcomings of the era by using comic techniques, the emphasis is on the need to change outdated, traditional foundations that have become irrelevant. They drag people into the swamp of stupidity and evil, and liken people to animals.
As our analysis of Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” showed, main idea and the theme of the work is the need to educate the nobility in accordance with educational ideals, the foundations of which are still relevant today.
Untitled
Speechand personalcharacteristics of heroescomedy
DI. Fonvizin "Minor"
Recently read comedy by D.I. Fonvizin’s “Minor” made me think about the question: “Is it possible to recognize a person’s character, his moral principles just by name and speech; and whether the name and the words spoken by her are connected at all in her personality.” Let's conduct research on this topic.
First of all, we note that a The second quite aptly selects the names of the main characters. Hardly this fact can be attributed solely to the author’s desire to give a “challenge” V catchy and memorable names for the heroes. Rather, it should be assumed that Fonvizin is trying in this way to strengthen the impression he receives from the play.Deep connoisseur human souls, Fonvizin understands that the names of the heroes are exactly what the average person most often pays attention to. Thus, being an excellent satirist, the author initially sets the reader in a comical mood.Now let's come closer to the comedy itself.
So, the names of the heroes:
Mitrofan. According to the directory of male names - Name Greek origin , translated from Latin stands for “revealed by the mother.” It should be assumed that the name can be deciphered, How "mama's boy" those. Human, everything is possible warded by mother, loving and respectful her more than her father. This name couldn't be betterconveys the whole nature hero.
As for speech features, then in words Mitrofan is clearly visible exactly love for your mother.He tries in every possible way to highlight his mother inthe society in which it is located, And it doesn’t matter if the people are close he is surrounded or strangers. Undoubtedly One should also highlight such a characteristic of the hero as a complete inability for various kinds of sciences and learning in general. Maybe that’s why after the comedy was published, the name Mitrofan became a household name, denoting people who are narrow-minded and simple in their inner world.Let's look from the text:
Mitrofan. This? Adjective.
Pravdin. Why?
Mitrofan. Because it is attached to its place. Over there by the pole closet
week the door has not been hung yet: so for now that is a noun.
Or here, again:
Mitrofan (softened up). So I felt sorry.
Mrs. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?
Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.
Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here's my son, one of mine
comfort.
Sophia. Just like Mitrofan, the name has ancient Greek roots. Means "wisdom". We can also assume that the author gives this name to his heroine, in connection with short form name - Sonya. The name Sonya is popularly associated with the quality of sleepiness. In the comedy, Sophia is a young girl who has not yet shown her nature, her character, who has not fully “awakened” after childhood. We don't know what it will be like in the future. Will she accept the qualities of Starodum, her uncle, or will she be the exact opposite, like Mrs. Prostakova.
Sophia's speech shows that the heroine is polite, loves and is grateful to her uncle. She never allows herself to scold a person, take offense at him or hate him. Sophia is quite sweet, her speech reveals the tenderness characteristic of every well-bred girl. Just one phrase:
« I have now received good news. Uncle, about whom so much for a long time we knew nothing, whom I love and honor as my father, I came to Moscow these days » ,
reveals to us the whole essence of this charming girl.
Milo. The name comes from Western languages. Denotes dear, beloved. It can be argued that Fonvizin gave the name to the hero not by chance, since Sophia loves Milon, hence the “beloved”. One should also not discount the possibility, although not great, that the author had some kind of association between Milo and melon (Melon (English) - melon), since his speeches are very sweet.
Based on Milo’s speech style, it is noticeable that the hero is a kind, sympathetic, brave person.
“I will tell you the secret of my heart, dear friend! I am in love and have the happiness of being loved. For more than six months I have been separated from the one who is dearer to me than anything else in the world, and what is even sadder is that I have not heard anything about her during all this time... Maybe she is now in the hands of some self-interested people who, taking advantage of her orphanhood, her, they keep her in tyranny. From this one thought I'm beside myself »
ABOUT the bottom is just a phrase, but how it reveals all Milon's feelings for Sophia.
Mrs. Prostakova and Mr. Prostakov are Mitrofan's parents. Their surname speaks of a very important quality - simplicity. As for the type of this simplicity, it is obvious that first of all one should assume spiritual simplicity. Which also implies poor spiritual world heroes. Is it possible to find confirmation of these thoughts? Undoubtedly, but first let’s say a few words about Mitrofan’s mother. Prostakova comes from a family of nobles named Skotinin. Her father was ignorant, which is why she and her brother (Skotinin) are ignoramuses. Prostakova is a very wayward person, looking for benefit everywhere. Her whole essence is reflected in her last name. It can be assumed that her father or grandfather got the title of nobleman not by inheritance, but by length of service or in some other way. The validity of this assumption is confirmed by the complete lack of manners instilled in childhood; she was probably raised by people not accustomed to the nobility, who were unable to give her the proper noble education and upbringing.
Prostakova's speech is very original and interesting. She never allows herself to address her husband kindly and with respect, but she treats her son so reverently and with such love that everyone can only silently envy. She often calls the servants brutes, apparently because she herself was once Skotinina.
Mrs. Prostakova (Trishke). And you, brute, come closer. Didn't you say
I tell you, you thieving mug, to make your caftan wider. Child, first,
growing up, another, a child without a narrow caftan of delicate build.
Tell me, idiot, what is your excuse?
Prostakov is the complete opposite of his wife. Prostakov pleases his wife in everything and has no word of his own. It is very difficult to call him a person, rather an individual.
Prostakov. Yes, I thought, mother, that it seemed so to you.
Mrs. Prostakova. Are you blind yourself?
Prostakov. With your eyes, mine see nothing.
Mrs. Prostakova. This is the kind of hubby God gave me: he doesn’t understand
figure out for yourself what is wide and what is narrow.
The following characters: Starodum, Pravdin, Skotinin, Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin and Vralman have corresponding “speaking” surnames that characterize the characters even more than their speech patterns.
Starodum is Sophia's uncle. He always speaks in aphorisms. For example:
“Ranks begin, Sincerity ceases”
or
“Without a soul, the most enlightened, clever woman is a pitiful creature.”
This characterizes him as a wise man, knowledgeable about life, and has seen a lot in his lifetime.
Pravdin is an official. An old friend of Starodum, maybe that’s why he’s trying to achieve the truth everywhere, speaks only the truthand at the same time believes that everyone also acts in the truth.
Pravdin. But those worthy people who serve the state at the court...
Skotinin. Isn't a nobleman free to beat a servant whenever he wants?
Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman - the so-called teachers of Mitrofan. TO Uteikin is a seminarian. Teaches vocabulary ease for my son Simplicity and the kovs . Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant.Without proper education, he teaches Mitrofan mathematics. Vralman - German, sand that they actually hire him as a teacher Mitrofanushka. In fact, it turns out that Vralman is a simple coachman, but a German for that!
Kuteikin. What a devilry! You won't achieve much in the morning. Here
every morning will flourish and perish.
Tsyfirkin. And our brother lives like this forever. Don't do things, don't run away from things.
That's the trouble for our brother, how bad the food is, like today for lunch here
there were no provisions...
At the same time, the whole trio(Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman) She has settled quite tightly in the Prostakovs’ house, although occasionally disagreements and squabbles arise between them.
Tsyfirkin. And we will give them the honor. I'll finish the board...
Kuteikin. And I am a book of hours.
Vralman. I'm going to play pranks on the face of the lady.
Eremeevna - Mitrofan's nanny, a simple Russian woman, lovinghis pupillike her own son and always ready to defend him.
Mitrofan. Mommy! shield me.
Eremeevna (shielding Mitrofan, becoming furious and raising her fists). I'll die
on the spot, but I won’t give up the child. Show up, sir, just kindly show up. I
I’ll scratch out those thorns.
Total, 13 heroes, 13 different names, 13 different images . But what they all have in common is that DI. Fonvizin gave them names similar to their characters, which once again emphasizes author's skill. The names of the characters become the highlight of the work. And now we come to the conclusion that name and characterheroes in the work inalienably connected to each other.How reasonable was it (to give such names to the characters)? I think that this is the right step of the author, since I personally remembered these names, and perhaps for the rest of my life, even before finishing reading the play.
Untitled Speech and nominal characteristics of the heroes of the comedy D.I. Fonvizin “Undergrown” A recently read comedy by D.I. Fonvizin’s “Minor” made me think about the question: “Is it possible to recognize the character just by name and speech?Article menu:
“The Minor” is a play in five acts written by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin. Cult dramatic work XVIII century and one of the most striking examples of classicism. It went into school curriculum, was repeatedly staged on the theatrical stage, received a screen embodiment, and its lines were disassembled into quotes, which today live independently of the original source, becoming aphorisms of the Russian language.
Plot: summary of the play “Minor”
The plot of “The Minor” is well known to everyone since school years, however, we still remind you summary plays to recall the sequence of events in memory.
The action takes place in the village of Prostakovs. Its owners - Mrs. and Mr. Prostakov and their son Mitrofanushka - live the quiet life of provincial nobles. Also living on the estate is the orphan Sofyushka, whom the lady sheltered in her house, but, as it turns out, not out of compassion, but because of the inheritance, which she freely disposes of as a self-proclaimed guardian. In the near future, they plan to marry Sophia to Prostakova’s brother Taras Skotinin.
The mistress's plans collapse when Sophia receives a letter from her uncle Starodum, who was still considered dead. Stradum is alive and well and is going on a date with his niece, and he also reports a fortune of 10 thousand in income, which he passes on as an inheritance to his beloved relative. After such news, Prostakova begins to court Sophia, whom she has hitherto given little favor to, because now she wants to marry her to her beloved Mitrofan, and leave Skotinin with nothing.
Fortunately, Starodum turned out to be noble and an honest man wishing well for your niece. Moreover, Sophia already had a betrothed - officer Milon, who had just stopped with his regiment in the village of Prostakov. Starodub knew Milo and gave the young man his blessing.
In desperation, Prostakova tries to organize the kidnapping of Sophia and forcibly marry her to her son. However, even here the treacherous mistress suffers a fiasco - Milon saves his beloved on the night of the kidnapping.
Prostakova is generously forgiven and not put on trial, although her estate, which has long been a source of suspicion, is transferred to a state guardian. Everyone leaves and even Mitrofanushka leaves his mother, because he doesn’t love her, like, in general, no one else in the world.
Characteristics of heroes: positive and negative characters
As in any classic work, the characters in “The Minor” are clearly divided into positive and negative.
Negative heroes:
- Mrs. Prostakova is the mistress of the village;
- Mr. Prostakov is her husband;
- Mitrofanushka is the son of the Prostakovs, an undergrowth;
- Taras Skotinin is the brother of the Prostakovs.
Positive heroes:
- Sophia is an orphan, lives with the Prostakovs;
- Starodum is her uncle;
- Milon is an officer, Sophia’s lover;
- Pravdin is a government official who came to monitor affairs in the Prostakov village.
Minor characters:
- Tsyfirkin – arithmetic teacher;
- Kuteikin – teacher, former seminarian;
- Vralman is a former coachman, posing as a teacher;
- Eremevna is Mitrofan’s nanny.
Mrs. Prostakova
Prostakova - the brightest negative character, and indeed the most outstanding character in the play. She is the mistress of the Prostakov village and it is the mistress, who has completely suppressed her weak-willed husband, who establishes the lordly order and makes decisions.
At the same time, she is absolutely ignorant, has no manners, and is often rude. Prostakova, like other members of the family, cannot read and despises science. Mitrofanushka’s mother is involved in education only because this is how it is supposed to be in New World society, but true value does not understand knowledge.
In addition to ignorance, Prostakova is distinguished by cruelty, deceit, hypocrisy, and envy.
The only creature she loves is her son Mitrofanushka. However, the mother’s blind, absurd love only spoils the child, turning him into a copy of himself in a man’s dress.
Mr. Prostakov
The figurative owner of the Prostakov estate. In fact, everything is controlled by his domineering wife, of whom he is terribly afraid and does not dare say a word. Prostakov has long lost his own opinion and dignity. He cannot even say whether the caftan sewn by the tailor Trishka for Mitrofan is good or bad, because he is afraid to say something that is not what his mistress expects.
Mitrofan
Son of the Prostakovs, an undergrowth. His family lovingly calls him Mitrofanushka. Meanwhile, it’s time for this young man to enter adulthood, but he has absolutely no idea about it. Mitrofan is spoiled motherly love, he is capricious, cruel to servants and teachers, pompous, lazy. Despite many years of lessons with teachers, the young master is hopelessly stupid, he does not show the slightest desire for learning and knowledge.
And the worst thing is that Mitrofanushka is a terrible egoist; nothing matters to him except his own interests. At the end of the play, he easily leaves his mother, who loved him so unrequitedly. Even she is nothing to him.
Skotinin
Brother of Mrs. Prostakova. Narcissistic, narrow-minded, ignorant, cruel and greedy. Taras Skotinin has a great passion for pigs; the rest is of little interest to this narrow-minded man. He has no idea of family ties, heartfelt affection and love. Describing how well he will heal future wife, Skotinin only says that he will allocate her the best light. In his system of coordinates, this is precisely what marital happiness consists of.
Sophia
Positive female image works. A very well-mannered, kind, meek and compassionate girl. Sophia received good education, she has an inquisitive mind and a thirst for knowledge. Even in the poisonous atmosphere of the Prostakovs’ house, the girl does not become like the owners, but continues to lead the lifestyle that she likes - she reads a lot, thinks, and is friendly and polite to everyone.
Starodum
Sophia's uncle and guardian. Starodum is the voice of the author in the play. His speeches are very aphoristic, he talks a lot about life, virtues, intelligence, law, government, modern society, marriage, love and other pressing issues. Starodum is incredibly wise and noble. Despite the fact that he clearly has a negative attitude towards Prostakova and others like her, Starodum does not allow himself to stoop to rudeness and outright criticism, and as for light sarcasm, his narrow-minded “relatives” cannot recognize it.
Milo
Officer, Sophia's lover. The image of a hero-defender, ideal young man, husband. He is very fair and does not tolerate meanness and lies. Milo was brave, not only in battle, but also in his speeches. He is devoid of vanity and low-minded prudence. All of Sophia’s “suitors” talked only about her condition, but Milon never mentioned that his betrothed was rich. He sincerely loved Sophia even before she had an inheritance, and therefore in his choice the young man was not guided by the size of the bride’s annual income.
“I don’t want to study, but I want to get married”: the problem of education in the story
The key problem of the work is the theme of provincial noble upbringing and education. Main character Mitrofanushka receives an education only because it is fashionable and “just the way it is.” In fact, neither he nor his ignorant mother understands the true purpose of knowledge. They should make a person smarter, better, serve him throughout his life and benefit society. Knowledge is gained through hard work and can never be forced into someone's head.
Mitrofan's home education is a dummy, a fiction, a provincial theater. For several years, the unfortunate student did not master either reading or writing. Mitrofan fails the comic test that Pravdin arranges with a bang, but because of his stupidity he cannot even understand this. He calls the word door an adjective, because it is supposedly attached to the opening, he confuses science history with the stories that Vralman tells him in abundance, and Mitrofanushka can’t even pronounce the word “geography”... it’s too tricky.
To show the grotesqueness of Mitrofan’s education, Fonvizin introduces the image of Vralman, who teaches “French and all sciences.” In fact, Vralman (a telling name!) is not a teacher at all, but Starodum’s former coachman. He easily deceives the ignorant Prostakova and even becomes her favorite, because he professes his own teaching methodology - not to force the student to do anything through force. With such zeal as Mitrofan’s, the teacher and student are simply idle.
Education goes hand in hand with acquiring knowledge and skills. Mrs. Prostakova is mostly responsible for him. She methodically imposes her rotten morality on Mitrofan, who (here he is diligent here!) perfectly absorbs his mother’s advice. So, while solving a division problem, Prostakova advises her son not to share with anyone, but to take everything for himself. When talking about marriage, mother speaks only about the bride’s wealth, never mentioning spiritual affection and love. The young Mitrofan is not familiar with such concepts as courage, boldness, and valor. Despite the fact that he is no longer a baby, he is still looked after in everything. The boy cannot even stand up for himself during a clash with his uncle; he immediately begins to call his mother, and the old nanny Eremeevna rushes at the offender with her fists.
The meaning of the name: two sides of the coin
The title of the play has a literal and figurative meaning.
Direct meaning of the name
In the old days, minors were called teenagers, young men who had not yet reached adulthood and had not entered college. public service.
The figurative meaning of the name
A fool, an ignoramus, a narrow-minded and uneducated person was also called a minor, regardless of his age. WITH light hand Fonvizin, it is precisely this negative connotation that has become attached to the word in modern Russian.
Every person is reborn from a minor youth into an adult man. This is growing up, a law of nature. However, not everyone transforms from a dark, half-educated person into an educated, self-sufficient person. This transformation requires effort and perseverance.
Place in literature: Russian literature of the 18th century → Russian dramaturgy XVIII century → Works of Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin → 1782 → The play “The Minor”.
“The Minor” is a play by D. I. Fonvizin. Analysis of the work, main characters
4.5 (90%) 2 votesMitrofan is one of the main characters of the comedy, and the title is dedicated to him. He considers himself already very mature, although he is still quite a child, but not sweet and naive, but capricious and cruel. Narcissistic, because everyone surrounded him with love, but in such a limiting way.
Of course he laughs at the teachers. It is clear that he wants to marry the beautiful Sophia. He is not afraid of anything, but he is very cowardly. That is, he is afraid of everything, is always ready to call his nanny and mommy for help, but he behaves very arrogantly and defiantly with everyone...
And everything would be fine! But only his mother supports him in everything and does not limit him in any way.
We meet Mitrofan when he shows off in a new caftan, and his mother scolds the tailor. Mitrofan has already grown up - a tall, rather dense guy. His face is not very smart, nor are his actions. He laughs a little at everyone, plays, fools around. He is definitely well fed, he doesn’t even know how to stop, so his stomach often hurts. He grew physically, but his heart and soul were not cared for. And the fact that his brain simply doesn’t want to remember information (he’s been learning the alphabet for three years) is also Mitrofan’s whims. It seems to him that even without science he will be able to do everything through his mother’s efforts. She almost married him to the rich heiress Sophia, who is also very beautiful and kind.
Mitrofan often does what he is told. Not the teacher, of course, but the mother. She said, kiss the hand to a stranger, so he does. But only for profit. Mitrofanushka has no courtesy, kindness, or respect for others.
In general, Mitrofan may not be so bad, but he is very spoiled. The undergrowth believes in its exclusivity “without effort.” He sees himself as a successful landowner, he sees himself. In his heart there is no love even for his adoring mother, for his faithful nanny, for anyone. Of course, he only loves himself, but not enough. Otherwise, he would at least learn and develop!
The image and characteristics of Mitrofanushka with quotes and examples from the text
Mitrofan Prostakov - the hero of the play by D.I. Fonvizin "Minor", a young man, the only son of the Prostakov nobles. In the 19th century, minors were called young men from noble families who, due to their laziness and ignorance, could not complete their studies, and, as a result, enter the service and get married.
Fonvizin in his play makes fun of such young people, embodying their features in the image of one of the main characters of the play - the Prostakovs' son Mitrofan.
Father and mother love their only son very much and do not notice his shortcomings; moreover, they worry about their son and care as if he small child, they protect him from all misfortunes, they are afraid that he may become overtired from work: "... while Mitrofanushka is still in his infancy, pamper him with sweat; and then in ten years, when he enters, God forbid, into the service, he will suffer everything.. ".
Mitrofanushka is not averse to a tasty dinner: “...And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all [...] Three slices of corned beef, and hearth, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember...” “...Yes, apparently, brother, you had a hearty dinner..." "...You deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass...".
Mitrofan is a very rude and cruel young man: he tortures serfs, mocks his teachers, and does not hesitate to raise his hand even against his father. This is the fault of the mother, who took the household into her own hands and does not value her husband at all. Neither the peasants nor her relatives like her, because she swears and beats everyone in vain.
Mrs. Prostakova is also responsible for the upbringing and training of Mitrofanushka, but without interfering much with these processes. Therefore, the young man is cruel and rude, but cannot stand up for himself, but hides behind his mother’s skirt. Things are also no better with studies. Not only is Mitrofan stupid and lazy, he is not interested in anything, he is not curious, and he is very bored in class. In addition, his teachers are useless - the former sexton Kuteikin, the retired sergeant Tsyfirkin and the former coachman Vralman are ignorant and poorly educated people: "... Well, what can come of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for whom ignorant parents also pay money to ignoramuses - teachers?.." In addition, Vralman is a French teacher, although he himself is German, French doesn’t know, but manages to teach it to the boy.
The image of Mitrofan reflected the type of representative younger generation that time: lazy, ignorant, rude; he does not strive to grow spiritually, mentally and culturally; he has no ideals or aspirations.
Option 3
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin is a great Russian writer. In his work “The Minor,” he showed readers a generalized image of the younger generation from the noble class of the 19th century using the example of the main character Mitrofan. The name Mitrofan translated from Greek language means "mother-like". The hero is brought up in a family in which relationships are built on lies, flattery, and rudeness. The mother raised her son to be an unlucky, uneducated man. Mitrofan has no goals or aspirations in life, they are too small and insignificant. He is spoiled and treats rudely not only the servants, but also his parents. Fonvizin this image didn't come up with it. In fact, at that time in noble circles there were often teenagers like Mitrofan, who studied poorly, did nothing, and lived their days like that.
Mitrofan had home teachers who, in principle, did not give him any knowledge. But the hero has no desire to study at all. He is stupid, naive, his speech is undeveloped and rude. This person is not adapted to the life around him, he cannot do anything without his mother and without servants. His main activities during the day are to eat, rest and chase pigeons. What made Mitrofan exactly like this? Of course, this is the education system that came from Prostakova, the hero’s mother. She indulged his whims too much, encouraged all his mistakes, and thus, in the end, this was the result of his upbringing. This is the blind love of a mother for her child.
Growing up in such conditions, Mitrofan was accustomed to having a say in the family and the right to treat others rudely. It will be very difficult for a person like Mitrofan in life if he is left alone with his problems. At the end of the work, Prostakova loses her estate and along with it loses her own son. This is the fruit of her upbringing. This result of the comedy shows the level of this system of upbringing and education.
Using the example of the image of Mitrofan, Fonvizin showed one of the main problems in family education. This problem is still relevant today. In modern society, there are also such spoiled children who grow up in similar conditions. Everyone should think about how to eradicate such undergrowth that is dragging our society back. I think that people like Mitrofan don’t know what it is real life and do not understand what its meaning is due to their ignorance. I feel sorry for these children and their parents. I hope that all parents, after reading this comedy, will understand their mistakes and be able to raise a worthy citizen of their country.
Essay 4
The play "The Minor" was written by Fonvizin in 1781. A year later it was staged. The performance created a sensation. But the work displeased Catherine the Second and Denis Ivanovich was forbidden to publish his works, and the theater on whose stage the premiere took place was closed.
In the eighteenth century, noble children under the age of sixteen were called minors. It was believed that they had not yet “grown up” to independent, adult life.
One of the main characters of the comedy, Mitrofanushka, was such an undergrowth. Nowadays, this name has become a household name, synonymous with a stupid and lazy mama's boy.
Mitrofan is almost 16 years old. And it's time for him to serve in the army. But his mother, Mrs. Prostakova, blindly loves her son and is not ready to let him go for anything in the world. She spoils him and indulges him in everything. Indulges him in idleness. This upbringing led to the boy growing up and turning into a rude, lazy ignorant teenager.
They hired teachers for Mitrofanushka, but they didn’t teach him anything, because he didn’t want to study: “I don’t want to study, I want to get married.” However, the mother does not insist on classes: “Go and frolic, Mitrofanushka.” However, such teachers are unlikely to teach the child intelligence. Their surnames indicate this - Tsyfirkin, a retired soldier, Kuteikin, a half-educated seminarian and the German Vralman, who turned out to be a coachman.
The Prostakovs’ son does not love or respect anyone. He treats his father with disdain. This is very clearly shown in the scene where a mama’s son feels sorry for his parent because she is “... so tired, beating his father.” Mitrofan is rude to the servants and snaps at them. He calls his nanny or mother “old bastard.” He mocks teachers and serfs. Our hero and his own mother do not consider anything. No worries touch his heart. He shamelessly takes advantage of Prostakova's blind love. And he even blackmails her: “The river is close here. I’ll dive in, remember my name.” And to the question about what bad things he dreamed about at night, he answers: “Yes, either you, mother, or father.”
To all the listed bad qualities of Mitrofan, one can add cowardice and servility before a strong enemy. He humbly asks for mercy when an attempt to forcibly take Sophia down the aisle fails, and on Starodum’s orders he meekly agrees to go serve.
Thus, in Mitrafanushka, Fonvizin embodied all the shortcomings and vices inherent in the nobility of that time. This is ignorance and stupidity, greed and laziness. Simultaneously the habits of a tyrant and servility. This image was not invented by the author, but taken from life. History knows many examples of undersized, illiterate, soulless people who take advantage of their power and lead an idle lifestyle.
Several interesting essays
- Essay What autumn leaves will tell you about, grade 3
Autumn is the most beautiful time. Autumn means warm days, rain and the first frosts. Autumn means fallen leaves that constantly tell us that cold weather is approaching.
- Essay What happens to a person if his dream is taken away from him? Final
We all have dreams. Perhaps, anything can serve as a dream: love, wealth, true friends, a trip to the West... But what happens if a person’s dream is taken away from him? Difficult question. In my opinion
- Analysis of the work Doctor Zhivago by Pasternak, grade 11
B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" is famous all over the world. It is worth mentioning that it was for this work that Boris Leonidovich received “ Nobel Prize" Pasternak did not try to write fiction novel, he wrote the history of Russia.
Human learning begins from birth. For some it lasts until the end of their lives. Eat different ways learning, but often we use books for this. After all, a book is our main source of knowledge.
Morality can be called a coordinate system that determines the rules of behavior in society. The main essence of morality is that every person should bring as much as possible more benefit for humanity
Fonvizin’s contemporaries highly valued “Nedoroslya”; he delighted them not only with his amazing language, clarity of the author's civic position, innovation of form and content.
Features of the genre
In terms of genre, this work is a classic comedy; it complies with the requirements of the “three unities” inherent in classicism (place, time, action), the heroes are divided into positive and negative, each of the heroes has its own role (“reasoner”, “villain”, etc.). etc.), however, there are also deviations from the requirements of classicist aesthetics, and serious deviations.Thus, the comedy was only supposed to amuse, it could not be interpreted in multiple meanings, there could be no ambiguity in it - and if we remember “The Minor”, then we cannot help but admit that, raising the most important social issues of his time, the author resolves them by means far from comic: for example, at the end of the work, when, it would seem, “the vice is punished,” the viewer cannot help but sympathize with Mrs. Prostakova, who is rudely and cruelly pushed away by the ungrateful Mitrofanushka, preoccupied with his own fate: “ Let go, mother, how you imposed yourself..." - and the tragic element powerfully invades the comedy, which was unacceptable.. And with the "unity of action" everything is also not so simple in comedy, it has too many plot lines that cannot be do not “work” to resolve the main conflict, but create a broad social background that determines the characters of the characters. Finally, Fonvizin’s innovation was reflected in the language of the comedy “The Minor”; the speech of the characters is very highly individualized, it contains folklorisms, vernacular, and high style (Starodum, Pravdin), which also violates the classic canons of creation speech characteristics characters. We can, summing up, conclude that Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor” became a truly innovative work for its time; the author pushed the boundaries of the aesthetics of classicism, subordinating it to the solution of the task set for himself: to angrily ridicule the vices of his contemporary society, to rid it of “evil morals” ", capable of destroying both the human soul and public morality.
Image system
Let us analyze the system of images of the comedy "The Minor", which, as required by the aesthetics of classicism, represents two directly opposite "camps" - positive and negative heroes. Here you can also notice a certain deviation from the canons, it manifests itself in the fact that it carries duality, it is almost impossible to attribute them purely to positive or purely to negative heroes. Let us remember one of Mitrofanushka’s teachers, Kuteikin. On the one hand, he suffers humiliation from Mrs. Prostakova and his student, on the other hand, he is not averse, if the opportunity arises, to “snatch his piece,” for which he is ridiculed. Or “Mitrofan’s mother” Eremeevna: she is reviled and humiliated by her mistress in every possible way, she humbly endures, but, forgetting herself, rushes to protect Mitrofanushka from her uncle, and does this not only out of fear of punishment...
The image of Prostakova in the comedy "Minor"
As already noted, Fonvizin innovatively portrays his main character- Mrs. Prostakova. From the very first scenes of the comedy, we are faced with a despot who does not want to reckon with anyone or anything. She rudely imposes her will on everyone, suppresses and humiliates not only the serfs, but also her husband (how can one not recall Mitrofan’s “dream in hand” about how “mother” beats “father”?..), she tyrannizes Sophia, she wants to force her to marry first her brother Taras Skotinin, and then, when it turns out that Sophia is now a rich bride, her son. Being herself an ignorant and uncultured person (with what pride she declares: “Read it yourself! No, madam, thank God, I was not brought up like that. I can receive letters, but I always tell someone else to read them!”), she despises education, although he tries to teach his son, he does this only because he wants to ensure his future, and what is Mitrofan’s “training” worth, as it is presented in the comedy? True, his mother is convinced: “Believe me, father, that, of course, it’s nonsense that Mitrofanushka doesn’t know”...
Mrs. Prostakova is characterized by cunning and resourcefulness, she stubbornly stands her ground and is convinced that “we will take ours” - and is ready to commit a crime, kidnap Sophia and, against her will, marry her to a man from the “Skotinin family.” When she meets resistance, she simultaneously tries to beg for forgiveness and promises punishment to those of her people, due to whose oversight the “enterprise” failed, in which Mitrofanushka is ready to actively support her: “Take it for people?” The “transformation” of Mrs. Prostakova is striking, who just on her knees humbly begged to forgive her, and, having received the petition, “jumping up from her knees”, fervently promises: “Well! Now I will give the dawn to my people. I’ll take it one by one. Now I’ll find out who let her out of her hands. No, swindlers! I won’t forgive this mockery forever.” There is so much voluptuousness in this triple “now”, and how truly scary it becomes from her request: “Give me at least three days (Aside) I would make myself known...”.
However, as already noted, there is a certain duality in the image of Prostakova. She deeply and devotedly loves her son and is ready to do anything for him. Is she guilty of comparing her love for him to the love of a dog for puppies: “Have you ever heard of a bitch giving away her puppies?”? We must not forget that she is from the Skotinin-Priplodin family, where such half-animal love was the only possible one, how could she be different? So she disfigures Mitrofan’s soul with her blind love, her son pleases her in every possible way, and she is happy because he “loves” her... Until he throws her away from him, because now he doesn’t need her, and even those people who just condemned Mrs. Prostakova sympathize with her in her maternal grief...
Image of Mitrofan
The image of Mitrofan was also created by Fonvizin in a non-traditional way. The “minor” who likes to be “small”, who diligently takes advantage of his mother’s attitude towards him, is not as simple and stupid as it might seem at first glance. He has learned to use his parents' love for himself for his own benefit, he knows well how to achieve his goal, he is convinced that he has the right to everything he wants. Mitrofanushka's selfishness is driving force his actions, but in the hero there is cruelty (remember his remark about “people”), resourcefulness (what is his discussion about the “door”), and a lordly contempt for people, including his mother, with whom he, on occasion, looking for help and protection. And his attitude towards education is so dismissive only because he does not see any real benefit from it. Probably, when he “serves”, he - if it is beneficial - will change his attitude towards education, potentially he is ready for anything: “For me, wherever they tell me.” Consequently, the image of Mitrofan in the comedy “Minor” is also characterized by a certain psychologism, as well as the image of Prostakova, which is Fonvizin’s innovative approach to creating negative images, who were only supposed to be "villains".
Positive images
The playwright is more traditional in creating positive images. Each of them is an expression of a certain idea, and as part of the statement of this idea, an image-character is created. Practically positive images devoid of individual features, these are images-ideas inherent in classicism; Sophia, Milon, Starodum, Pravdin are not living people, but exponents of a “certain type of consciousness”; they represent a system of views that was advanced for their time on the relationship between spouses, the social structure, the essence human personality and human dignity.
Image of Starodum
During the time of Fonvizin special sympathy The audience was evoked by the image of Starodum in the comedy "The Minor". Already in the very “talking” surname of the character, the author emphasized the opposition of “century this century to the past": in Starodum they saw a man of the era of Peter I, when "In that century, courtiers were warriors, but warriors were not courtiers." Starodum's thoughts about education, about the ways in which a person can achieve glory and prosperity, about what kind of sovereign should be warm response from a significant part of the audience who shared the progressive beliefs of the author of the comedy, while special sympathy for the image of the hero was caused by the fact that he did not just proclaim these progressive ideas - according to the play it turned out that he own life proved the correctness and benefit of such behavior for a person. The image of Starodum was the ideological center around which the positive heroes of the comedy united, opposing the dominance of the morality of the Skotinins and Prostakovs.
Image of Pravdin
Pravdin, a government official, embodies the idea of statehood, which protects the interests of education and the people, which seeks to actively change life for the better. Guardianship of Prostakova's estate, which Pravdin appoints by the will of the empress, gives hope that the ruler of Russia is able to stand up for the protection of those of her subjects who most need this protection, and the determination with which Pravdin carries out the reforms should have convinced the viewer, What supreme authority interested in improving people's lives. But how then can we understand Starodum’s words in response to Pravdin’s call to serve at court: “It is in vain to call a doctor to the sick without healing”? It is likely that behind Pravdin stood the System, which confirmed its reluctance and inability to carry out real reforms, and Starodum represented himself, an individual person, in the play, and explained why the image of Starodum was perceived by the audience with much more sympathy than the image of the “ideal official” .
Milon and Sophia
The love story of Milon and Sophia is a typically classic love story of two noble heroes, each of which has high moral qualities, that’s why their relationship looks so artificial, although, against the backdrop of Skotinin’s attitude towards the same Sophia (“You are my dear friend! If now, without seeing anything, I have a special peck for each pig, then I’ll find a sweet spot for my wife”) she and indeed is an example high feeling moral, educated, worthy young people, contrasted with the “fertility” of negative heroes.
The meaning of the comedy "Minor"
Pushkin called Fonvizin “a brave ruler of satire,” and the comedy “Minor,” which we analyzed, fully confirms this assessment of the writer’s work. In it author's position Fonvizin is expressed completely unambiguously, the writer defends the ideas of enlightened absolutism, he does this in highest degree talented, creating convincing artistic images, significantly expanding the scope of the aesthetics of classicism, taking an innovative approach to the plot of the work, to the creation of images-characters, some of which are not just an expression of certain socio-political ideas, but have a pronounced psychological individuality, expressing the inconsistency of human nature. All this explains the enormous significance of Fonvizin’s work and the comedy “Nedorosl” for Russian literature XVIII century, the success of the work among his contemporaries and his significant influence on the subsequent development of Russian drama.