The style of the piece of music. Concept and types of music. Direction: hip-hop music

The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to various modern musical genres and the musical means that composers use when creating works within a certain style. The ability to navigate musical genres and subgenres is one of the first signs of professionalism, so this article will be of interest to all those who have already embarked on the path of improvement in the musical field.

Most critics divide modern musical genres into three main directions: pop, rock and rap, which in turn are rooted in earlier styles and have spawned a large number of their own offshoots.

Pop is modern popular music. This is a very broad term that covers many genres such as disco, trance, house, techno, funk, new wave and others. Let's stop and look at the features of each of them.

• Disco. Not long ago he was the most popular genre dance pop music. It is characterized by an abundance of effects, the leading role of the rhythm section of drums and bass, as well as the secondary, background sound of strings and wind instruments.
• Trance. It belongs to one of the genres electronic music and is notable for its high emotional impact on the listener. This effect is achieved through the use of sad, “cosmic” melodies.
• House. This is the name of dance, completely electronic music. The main and only instrument is the synthesizer. A distinctive feature of this genre is the presence of looped musical phrases and solo melodies. Effects are widely used.
• Techno. In one phrase you can say this: futuristic music big city. Techno features include fantastic melodies, dark metallic sound, and “cold” vocals devoid of emotion.
• Funk. One of the dance genres, which is characterized by clearly defined drummers dominating all other instruments, low melody, and “sloppy” rhythm.
• New wave . A genre of popular music that evolved from punk rock and uses the same musical means.

Rock as an independent genre, its roots are in the “black” American blues, which appeared in the 20s and 30s. Traditional blues consists of 12 bars, that is, sections of a composition consisting of several notes, the first of which has a stress or accent. To the main toolkit blues includes a counter bass or bass that sets the rhythm, a lead guitar, drums, often keyboards and wind instruments. To be completely precise, rock emerged from a branch of this genre - guitar blues, which already had much less keyboards and brass instruments.

Appearance rock And rock and roll, concepts that are often identified with musicians such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles. The former can be called the popularizer of this genre, while the Beatles were the ones who turned rock into art.

IN musically rock has remained practically the same blues, but their semantic content is different: rock is music of protest against society, government or something else.

Rock has many subgenres, the main ones being soft rock, hard rock, pop rock, folk rock, punk rock, psychedelic rock, heavy metal and thrash.

• Hard rock. Literally this translates as “heavy, hard.” This style has such a name for a reason, because its sound corresponds to what it is called. Heaviness in hard rock is achieved through the dominant sound of a loud and powerful rhythm section over the rest of the instruments. In most cases, the drums, bass or rhythm guitar are “heavier”. Overdrive and distortion effects are often used in hard rock.
• Pop rock. Popular rock. This style is distinguished by good balance, the use of all kinds of effects and popular arrangements. Pop rock includes any rock music that is intended for a wide audience of listeners.
• Folk rock. This is rock music with elements folk music.
• Punk rock. This genre includes rude, often unprofessional, but expressive music, which is characterized by simple, unpretentious, but shocking melodies.
• Psychedelic rock. Complex, unconventional music, full of various effects. This music is different high level emotional impact on the listener.
• Heavy metal is called harsh metal music, which is often inharmonious. She is far from the usual standards.
• Thrash. This is a very tough genre, which is characterized by complexity and continuity of melodies, as well as improvisation.

Rap how the genre evolved from dance music. Features: uneven rhythm, complex experiments with drummers, the presence of looped musical fragments. One of the main features of rap is the absence of vocals, which are replaced by recitative. Rap is read like poetry, not sung. The main instruments are drums and a complex bass, which often plays solo. Rap musicians often use the scratch effect - the creaking of vinyl records.

Most likely rap originated from reggae - dance style, which originated in Jamaica. These two styles have a lot in common: the same uneven, ragged rhythm, the presence of looped musical fragments, and a complex drummer.

09/07/2013 by admin · Leave a comment

What are there music styles? Musical style is a capacious and multifaceted concept. It can be defined as a figurative unity, a set of means of expressing artistic and ideological content through the language of music.

The concept of music style is so broad that its specification suggests itself: this term applies both to different eras, genres, movements and schools, as well as to individual composers and even performers. Let's try to figure out what types of music there are.

Style of the era

The concept of era style focuses on the historical aspect. There are many classifications, some of which highlight the largest historical eras in the development of music (Renaissance, Baroque, classicism, modernity, etc.), while others, on the contrary, split the history of music into relatively small periods previously identified by other art historical disciplines (romanticism, impressionism, modernism, etc.).

A classic example of the style of the era is Baroque music, the characteristic features of which are an interest in inner world personality, drama, contrasting depiction of the forces of nature, the development of opera and instrumental music (C. Monteverdi, A. Vivaldi, G.F. Handel).

Genre style

The style of the genre reflects the specifics of the content, musical techniques and the characteristics of certain musical genres, which, in turn, can be classified on different grounds.

Therefore, the concept of style is most appropriate for those genres in which the most common features. These include genres based on folk music (various ritual songs, folk dances), church chants, romances.

If we take works of large forms (opera, oratorio, symphony, etc.), then here too the style of the genre is always clearly readable, despite the fact that the styles of the era, movements and the author's style are superimposed on it.

But if the composer comes up with some new genre, then in this case it is difficult to immediately establish the features of a genre style - for this, time must pass, during which other works in the same genre will appear. This was the case, for example, with Mendelssohn’s “songs without words.” Agree, it’s a strange song without words, but after his 48 samples of plays in this genre, other composers began to boldly call their plays by the same name.

Musical style

The style of a musical movement has many similarities with the style of the era: after all, some movements are considered by musicologists as entire eras in music.

But there are also areas for which it is possible to highlight stylistic nuances that are unique to them. These include Viennese classical school(L. van Beethoven, J. Haydn, W.A. Mozart). The classical direction is characterized by simplicity, expressiveness, rich harmonic language, and detailed development of the theme.

Speaking about what styles of music there are,

You can’t ignore national characteristics.

National style

The basis of the national musical style is a folklore origin. Many great composers were inspired by folk melodies, weaving them into their creations. Some works even have corresponding names (for example, the Hungarian rhapsodies of F. Liszt, “Hungarian Dances” by J. Brahms, “Norwegian folk songs and dances for piano" by E. Grieg, " Aragonese jota» M.I. Glinka). In others, folk motifs become leading themes (for example, “There was a birch tree in the field” in the finale of P. I. Tchaikovsky’s Fourth Symphony).

If we approach the question of what types of music there are, from the point of view composer schools, individual composers and musicians, then several more musical styles can be distinguished.

Music has always existed since the advent of man. With the advent of all kinds of human tools.
Music accompanies us everywhere, everywhere in reality and even in our dreams. Music is born in everything that surrounds us. Even your own breathing can, when heard, be considered as melodies.

It is impossible to imagine any event without music. Music relaxes, lifts your spirits, and distracts you from sadness and boredom. Music gives new life, she cures diseases. Listening to music often turns into an art. Music unites and connects together.

Music is entertainment that is always at hand. You can listen to it everywhere, in the car, on the bus, on the train, on the street, at home, on TV, on the radio, even in the store, buying toys for children. You can just sit in one place and listen to the music playing in your ears. Modern technologies allow you to listen to music while walking down the street or driving through public transport to class, work or a meeting.

Music for some it is a way of life, life in general. They live and breathe music, go to bed and wake up with it. People of music, musicians are so different from ordinary people that you can immediately point your finger at such people and unmistakably say: “this is a musician.” The musicians are distinguished by their originality in appearance, behavior and views on everything. It is very interesting to communicate with them, but at the same time it is quite difficult to communicate, because they are not of this world. Like anyone creative person, the musician is very vulnerable, he cannot forgive the fact that someone does not think the same way as him.

A musician sees the world and those around him from other angles than ordinary person. Among the musicians different directions music views on the world around us are very different. For example, a rocker sees the world in dark colors, and a pop singer sees the world in pink. It is common for hip-hop to see everything and everyone around in poor colors. And so on.

Music is so diverse that sometimes it is very difficult to give the right direction to a particular composition.
All people of all ages listen to and love music, but not all of it. Some people only listen to pop music and can’t stand all other genres. And people who listen to rock or rap cannot stand pop and chanson. And there are people who do not understand modern musical trends, and therefore listen to retro, folk songs or classical music.

So many people, so many musical preferences.

Only if different people listen to different styles of music, they will never be able to understand each other. It is impossible for a rocker to explain the meaning of pop songs and pop culture provisions. Conversely, it is very difficult to explain to a fan of club music or pop music the screams and yells used in rock music, especially if it is hard rock. Here we are already talking about different cultures. As in religion in different musical cultures their own rules, regulations and norms that are not similar to each other. Representatives of different musical movements, and therefore cultures, cannot understand representatives of other movements, just like representatives of other religions.

So what directions (styles) of music exist? And what are their features?

There are quite a lot of types of music. They unite in large groups.

1. Direction: classical music.

Music from the past, it's worldwide famous works musical art from talented authors from God. Cultural heritage the world, the soothing sound of which is recognized as masterpieces of the world and are alive even after tens and hundreds of years. The most prominent representatives: Bach, Schubert, Tchaikovsky, Schmidt and many others, whose names, when mentioned, everyone recognizes and respects for their musical talent. This direction does not need to be deciphered; everyone correctly knows and represents classical music. Therefore, we will not dwell on this direction for long.

2.Direction: pop music.

Popular music, music for everyone, wide range persons
Pop music has a dual meaning. In general, pop music is, in general, all modern music performed and listened to modern people. It includes all directions except folk and classical music. The second meaning is pop music as a separate musical direction, which is characterized by rhythmicity, melody and dance sound. The emphasis is on voice and lyrics, and then on instrumental performance. The verse+hi+verse principle is the basis of pop music songs. The meaning of the songs of this direction: love, love experiences, sadness, melancholy and cheerful mood. There is no deep meaning in these songs. The words and music are chosen so that you can dance until you drop. Dance and not think about anything. This music is very light, relaxed and charged with positive energy. Performers of this trend are bright, slightly depraved people, always in the spotlight, most often because of scandals, with the help of which they deserve wide attention. Pop music has many fans, largely due to the fact that it is heard everywhere: on the radio, on television and on the Internet. You can easily hear it on the bus, in the subway, and anywhere there is a player. Pop music is played in discos. Although this direction of music is filled with some positive emotions, it still does not carry deep meaning. It is empty in content, just a bunch of words, especially in modern world.
But it can be used for entertainment.

3. Direction: hip-hop music.

This direction includes several musical styles, the most famous of which are rap and R’n’B. As a subculture, it also includes breakdancing and graffiti.
If we look at the history of the emergence of the hip-hop movement, we can note that this movement was born from African Americans who, with their creativity, fought injustice against their race, and also talked about their way of life. That is, this is the direction of music from the slums and disadvantaged, poor African-American areas of America.

Over time, hip-hop improved and gradually began to acquire a wider audience, its dances, called breakdancing, with all sorts of unimaginable body movements, clearly revealing the meaning of “hip-hop” - progressive movements, mental leaps, growing movements. Plus, there is an art called “graffiti”, painting aerosol cans on walls or other places, the meaning of such images is similar to the meaning of the hip-hop movement - the fight against injustice in own attitude representatives of the poor.
In general, hip-hop is associated with rap and rap representatives. These are young people (usually dark-skinned) in sportswear or wide trousers/jeans, in large sneakers, with short dreadlocks on their heads or in baseball caps with a straight visor, as well as with massive jewelry on their necks and fingers, rapping with deep lyrics of protest, ridiculing rich, and also talking about the injustices of their lives.
Having evolved, this direction acquired even more improvements, adding a young and more entertaining direction, like R’n’B. A hip-hop dance style that also tells about the life of poor areas, but not in a sad way.

In general, a musical direction such as hip-hop, being just a musical direction, has already become an entire culture, a very profitable, commercially successful industry and even a way of life.

4. Direction: rock music.

Perhaps the most extensive and diverse direction of music. From light to very heavy. Sometimes from the impossible sounding to the melodic.

This direction of music got its appearance from such a direction of music as the blues. If we turn to the history of rock, we can clearly trace its development from the lightest melodic directions that are not at all characteristic of the modern understanding of rock music. The first performers of rock music are very different from modern rockers. It would be difficult to call them rockers at all if they were rock performers now. Rock music appeared as a movement in the 60s of the 20th century, then there were no heavy drums, heavy riffs and screams, there was no twitching on stage and long hair from musicians. There was no destruction of instruments during performances. This began to appear later. The songs contained the meaning of love between two people, and later love for everything. Also, the meaning of the songs of that rock could have abstract themes. In general, rock music as a direction of music did not stand out particularly, as it does now. After all, now rock music and its participants are representatives of a separate subculture. Cultures of confrontation against everything familiar and imposing standard thinking, attitude towards the world and its individual parts. Subgroups such as hippies, goths, emo and others are representatives of this direction of music, only of its individual subdirections. After all, rock music has an endless number of directions. Starting from the lightest, such as pop rock or blues rock, and ending, for example, with hard rock, metal and gothic rock music.
Representatives of rock music have their own peculiarity that distinguishes it from all other directions. Namely. Mandatory presence of an ensemble (group of musicians) led by a soloist (vocalist, frontman), one, two or three (but more often two) guitarists, a drummer, plus a keyboard player, but not required. Performing songs written with one’s own hand and nothing more. Mandatory live performances in public, most often in the form of noisy, emotional and vibrant ones. Guitar riffs, the roar of the crowd, the vocalist's hoarse voice - this is the description of a classic rock ensemble. The main emphasis in rock music is on the performance of instruments, namely guitars and drums, and then the sound of the voice.

The meaning of rock music songs very often ranges from mournful, sometimes tragic to philosophical, with deep meaning, from hooligan, meaningless to morally difficult, with reflections on life and death (usually the latter).
A rock musician is always in loose clothing, from hooligan: sneakers, jeans, T-shirt, baseball cap, to completely black, with metal decorations, decorations of skulls, crosses and the like. It also happens that musicians are fully or partially dressed in leather. It all depends on the direction of rock in which the musician works. Musicians of this genre are almost always tattooed or pierced.
It’s not for nothing that rock music is a whole culture, because it is rock music that has the largest audience, young people and some older people. It is here that a person can disconnect from all the usual stereotypes, from the boring rules of life. He simply resists all this and lives his life of complete freedom. And no one will say anything against him, they will only praise him.

However, this direction also has worst enemies, who hate everything associated with the rock image. This is the so-called “pop”. For many years, pop music and rock music have been at odds with each other and can't stand each other.
Every year there are more and more types of rock music. Every new direction can be difficult to attribute to one person, which is why there is a colossal huge amount musicians, and it shows no sign of slowing down.

Anyone who has musical ear, knows how to play the guitar and thinks differently, and can also write poetry, setting them to music. This is what attracts more and more young people to rock music and life in the rock style.
There is one more feature of this direction. Rock music can be ideally combined with any other direction, and then in combination it will still belong to the rock direction of music.
Hence the great diversity of this unique and very popular musical direction.

5. Direction: electronic music.

This music is a synthesis of sounds and melodies made on a synthesizer, computer and other electronic instruments, including an electronic guitar. The compositions created in this direction are born from electronic world, often represent only a separate melody, and if there is a verbal sound, then it is also made artificially. This type of music is aimed at the dance component of its listeners; more often than other types of music it is used at discos and various parties. A common expression for compositions in this direction are all kinds of remixes of famous songs. Electronic music is completely created with the help of musical equipment and does not carry the live sound of any familiar musical instruments, no performers' voices.

This music is made for dancing and parties. As a rule, electronic music does not hold concerts, but music shows are a mandatory attribute and are very crowded and vibrant. In this form, as we are all accustomed to seeing, this direction of music has existed for a relatively short time. But the origins lie from the beginning of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. It was during these centuries that the phonautograph, disk phonograph, audion, and so on were invented. These inventions became the first electronic music devices. Of course, they can't compare with all of today's improvements in musical world, but it was these inventions that laid the foundation for a whole direction of music, without which the modern world cannot do.

6. Directions: Jazz and Blues.

The origins of these two directions have the same source - emotional coloring African-American people, their customs and way of life. Both types of music are the result of labor chants and songs of African-American slaves working on plantations and engaged in heavy labor. The difference lies in the performance, the instruments used and the presence or absence of improvisation.
Jazz - its classical sound and existence is the presence of a jazz band ( musical group, playing various musical instruments), exclusively focused on the sound of wind instruments such as saxophone, trumpet, etc., as well as piano, drums and guitars. The main distinguishing feature of this direction is improvisation. If you can hear even a slight funny game with the sound of a saxophone, you can immediately talk about jazz.

Blues is a direction of music very similar to the blues, but still has its own distinctive features. This direction of music can boast that almost all types of music originated from it. First of all, this applies to jazz. It was the blues that became the parent of jazz, and it is for this reason that these two directions have similar features and sometimes quite difficult to distinguish compositions. Music of this direction can be described as a dialogue between instruments in a “question-answer” structure. The basis is the main one instrument, and all the others already play on it, turning into a single live sound, having an improvisational character. In general, if we look at the history of the emergence of this movement, we can say with confidence that the direction of this music represents the embodiment of the painful issue of African-American slaves and workers.

So,

6 areas of modern music were briefly covered. Each of them has its own characteristics and stands out for its distinctive features. Each of them is similar in some ways, but in its own way distinctive features included in their definition.

In general, music in general is something that you can’t do without anywhere. Be it a party, wedding, birthday, anniversary, funeral or other events, music is a tool that not only brings people together, but also gives them strength, energy and life. That is why music, whatever it may be, is one of the unique inventions of mankind.

You have found yourself in the music genres section, where we will get acquainted with each musical direction in more detail. We will describe what it is, why it is needed and what features it has. Also at the very end there will be articles in this section that will describe each direction in more detail.

What are music genres

Before discussing what genres of music are, the following should be mentioned. We need a certain coordinate system so that we can put all phenomena into it. The most serious and global level in this coordinate system is the concept of style or art-historical system.

There is a style from the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque or Romanticism. Moreover, in each specific era, this concept covers all arts (literature, music, painting, and so on).

However, music has its own categories within each style. There is a system of genres musical forms and means of expression.

What is a genre?

Each era gives musicians and listeners a certain set of stage venues. Moreover, each site has its own rules of the game. These sites may disappear over time or remain for some time.

New groups of listeners with new interests are emerging - new stages are emerging, new genres are emerging.

Let's say, in the era of the European Middle Ages, until approximately the end of the 11th century, the only such stage for professional musicians was the church. Time and place of worship.

This is where the genres of church music take shape. And the most important of them (mass and mathet) will go far into the future.

If we take the late Middle Ages, the era of the Crusades, then a new stage appears - a feudal castle, a feudal courtyard of an aristocrat, a court holiday or simply a place of leisure.

And here the genre of secular song arises.

For example, the 17th century literally explodes with fireworks of new musical genres. Here things arise that go far ahead of our time and will still remain after us.

For example, opera, oratorio or cantata. IN instrumental music- This instrumental concert. Even such a term as symphony appears. Although maybe it was built a little differently than it is now.

Genres of chamber music emerge. And underneath it all lies the emergence of new stage venues. For example, opera house, concert hall or the richly decorated salon of an urban aristocratic home.

Before you do, be sure to start studying various directions. This then translates very well in practice. It will be especially useful when creating something new!

Musical form

The next level is musical form. How many parts are there in the product? How is each part organized, how many sections are there and how are they connected to each other? This is what we mean by the concept of musical form.

Let's say opera is a genre. But one opera can be in two acts, another in three, and there are operas in five acts.

Or a symphony.

Most familiar European symphonies are constructed in four movements. But let’s say that Berlioz’s symphony Fantastique has 5 movements.

Expressive means

The next level is the music system expressive means. Melody in its unity with rhythm.

Rhythm is the deep organizing force of everything musical sound. It underlies the existence of music. Because through rhythm, human life is connected with reality, with the cosmos.

Many labor movements are rhythmic. Especially in agriculture. Much is rhythmic in the processing of stone and metals.

The rhythm itself appears, perhaps, before the melody. We can say that rhythm generalizes, and melody individualizes.

The feeling of rhythm, like some kind of magic, arises in the very early stages of civilization. And later, in the era of antiquity, such a feeling is recognized as an idea of ​​​​the universal connection of phenomena, which is rhythmic.

Rhythm is associated with number. And for the Greeks, number was an extremely important idea of ​​the world order. And this whole idea of ​​rhythm stuck for a very long time.

Early 17th century German composer Michael Pritorius spoke about the early experiences of the Italians in opera (there was no ordered rhythm): “This music is without connections and measure. She is an affront to God’s established order!”

The nature of the movement is fast, brisk, moderate and calm. They also set the tone for any superstructure that is made on them. There is also a sense of universal connection here. 4 sides of movement character, 4 cardinal directions, 4 temperaments.

If we go into even more detail, then this is timbre or sound coloring. Or let's say how the melody is pronounced. Distinctly dissected or coherent.

Melody, rhythm and everything else appears as a direct emotional response to reality. And they take shape in those infinitely distant times in the primitive communal system, when a person has not yet realized his own self in comparison with other selves or with nature.

But as soon as class society appears, a distance arises between one’s self and other selves, between self and nature. And then music genres, musical forms, and styles begin to take shape.

Genres of chamber music

Before talking about the genres of chamber music, let's understand the direction. Chamber music is music performed by a small number of performers for a small number of listeners.

Previously, such music was very often performed at home. For example, with family. This is where they came up with the name chamber. From Latin camera means room. That is, small, home or room music.

There is also such a thing as a chamber orchestra. This is a smaller version (usually no more than 10 people) of a regular orchestra. Well, there aren’t many listeners either. Usually these are relatives, acquaintances and friends.

Folk song- the simplest and most widespread genre of chamber music. Previously, very often many grandparents sang various folk songs to their children and grandchildren. They could sing the same song in different words. As if adding something of your own.

However, the melody itself generally remained unchanged. Only the text of the folk song changed and improved.

Many people's favorite romances- This is also a genre of chamber music. Usually they performed a small vocal piece. It was usually accompanied by a guitar. That’s why we really love such lyrical songs with a guitar. Many people probably know about them and have already heard them more than once.

Ballad- this is a kind of narrative about various exploits or dramas. Ballads were often performed in taverns. As a rule, they praised the exploits various heroes. Sometimes ballads were used before an upcoming battle to raise the morale of people.

Of course, in such songs certain moments were often embellished. But in essence, without additional imagination, the very significance of the ballad would decrease.

Requiem- This is a funeral mass. So mournful choral singing performed in Catholic churches. In our country, the requiem was usually used as a tribute to the memory of folk heroes.

- a song without words. Usually intended for one singer as a training exercise. For example, to develop a vocalist's voice.

Serenade- a genre of chamber music that was performed for a beloved. Usually men performed them under the windows of their beloved women and girls. As a rule, such songs praised the beauty of the fair sex.

Genres of instrumental and vocal music

Below you will find the main genres of instrumental and vocal music. For each direction I will give you short descriptions. Let's touch on the basic definition of each type of music a little more.

Genres of vocal music

There are several genres of vocal music. It is worth saying that the direction itself is the oldest in the history of the development of music. After all, it is the main key for the transition of literature into music. That is literary words began to be used in musical form.

Of course, these words were given the main role. Due to this, such music began to be called vocal. A little later, instrumental music appeared.

In vocal music, in addition to vocals, various instruments can also be used. However, in this direction their role is relegated to the background.

Here is a list of the main genres of vocal music:

• Oratorio- Very great work for soloists, orchestra or choir. Typically, such works dealt with problems of a religious nature. A little later, secular oratorios appeared.
• Opera- huge dramatic work, which combines the genres of instrumental and vocal music, choreography and painting. Special role here various solo numbers are given (aria, monologue, and so on).
• Chamber music- it was mentioned above.

Genres of instrumental music

Instrumental music- these are compositions that are performed without the participation of a vocalist. Hence the name instrumental. That is, it is performed only with the help of instruments.

Very often, many artists in their albums use instrumentals as bonus tracks in the album. That is, several of the most popular compositions can be selected and then their versions without vocals can be recorded.

Or they can select all the songs on the album. In this case, the album is released in two versions. This is usually done to increase the value of the product and raise its price.

There is a list for certain genres of instrumental music:

• Dance music- usually simple music for dancing
• Sonata– used as a solo or duet for chamber music
• Symphony- harmonious sound for symphony orchestra

Genres of Russian folk songs

Let's talk about Russian genres folk songs. They reflect all the charm of the soul of the Russian people. Usually in such musical works nature is praised native land, heroes and ordinary workers. The joys and troubles of the Russian people are also mentioned.

Here is a list of the main genres of Russian folk songs:

• Labor songs- hummed while working for relief labor activity person. That is, with such songs it was much easier for the workers to work. They set the rhythm of the work. Such musical works reflected the basic life of the working class people. Labor shouts were often used for work.
• Ditties- a very common genre of folk music. As a rule, this is a short quatrain with a repeating melody. The ditties carried within them makes a lot of sense Russian word. They expressed the basic mood of the people.
• Calendar songs- used on various calendar holidays. For example, on Christmas Day or under New Year. Also this musical genre It was well used for fortune telling or during the changing seasons.
• Lullaby- gentle, simple and affectionate songs that mothers sang to their children. As a rule, in such songs mothers introduced their children to the world around them.
• Family songs- used on various family holidays. This genre reflected very well at weddings. It was also used at the birth of a child, when a son was sent to the army, and so on. It is worth saying that such songs were accompanied by a certain ritual. All this together helped protect against dark forces and various troubles.
• Lyrical compositions- mentioned in such works hard lot Russian people. For example, the difficult life of women and the difficult life of ordinary peasants is very often mentioned.

Genres of modern music

Now let's talk about the genres of modern music. There are quite a lot of them. However, they all deviate from the three main directions in modern music. So we'll talk a little about them.

Rock

Rock is popular today. It may not be the same as before, but in our time it has become firmly entrenched. Therefore, it is impossible not to mention it. And the direction itself gave impetus to the birth of many genres. Here are some of them:

• Folk rock- elements of folk songs are well used
• Pop rock- music for a very wide audience
• Hard rock- heavier music with a harsh sound

Pop

Popular music also covers many genres that are often used in modern music:

• House- electronic music performed on a synthesizer
• Trance- electronic music with a predominance of sad and cosmic melodies
• Disco– dance music with abundant rhythmic drum and bass sections

Rap

IN recent years rap is gaining momentum well. In fact, this direction has practically no vocals. Basically they don’t sing here, but rather read. This is where the phrase rap came from. Here is a list of some genres:

• Rapcore- a mixture of rap and heavy music
• Alternative rap- a mixture of traditional rap with other genres
• Jazz rap- a mixture of rap and jazz

Electronic music genres

Let's look a little at the main genres of electronic music. Of course, we won’t touch on everything here. However, we will analyze some of them. Here is the list:

• House(house) - appeared in the 80s of the last century. It originates from the disco of the 70s. Appeared thanks to the experiments of DJs. Main features: repeating beat rhythm, 4x4 time signature and sampling.
• Deep house(deep house) - lighter, atmospheric music with a deep, dense sound. Includes elements of jazz and ambient. The production uses solo keyboards, electric organ, piano and female vocals (mostly). Developed since the late 80s. Vocals in this genre always take a secondary place. The first one contains melodies and sounds to depict the mood.
• Garage house(garage house) - the same as deep house, only on main role The vocals are already coming out.
• New disco(nu disco) is a more modern musical genre based on the renewed interest in disco music. It's very popular now to go back to your roots. Therefore, this genre is based on the music of the 70s and 80s. The genre itself appeared in the early 2000s. Synthesized sounds similar to the sounds of real instruments are used to create disco of the 70s and 80s.
• Soul full house(soulful house) - the basis is taken from house with a 4x4 rhythmic pattern, as well as vocals (full or in the form of samples). The vocals here are mostly soulful and very beautiful. Plus the use of a variety of musical instruments. Such a rich presence of instruments brings the music of this genre to life very well.

Rap genres

Let's move on to consider the main genres of rap. This direction is also actively developing. Therefore, it would be nice to touch on it too. Here is a small list of genres:

• Comedy Rap- intelligent and funny music for entertainment. Has a combination of real hip-hop and regular humor. Comedy rap emerged in the 80s.
• Dirty rap- dirty rap, characterized by a pronounced heavy bass. Basically this music is intended to excite the audience at various parties.
• gangsta rap- music with a very hard sound. The genre of music appeared in the late 80s. Elements from hardcore rap were taken as the parent basis of this trend.
• Hardcore rap— aggressive music with noisy samples and heavy beats. Appeared in the late 80s.

Genres of classical music

There are works divided into many genres of classical music. They became especially widespread in the 18th century. Here is a partial list of destinations:

• Overture- a short instrumental introduction to a performance, plays or works.
• Sonata- a work for chamber performers, which is used as a solo or duet. Consists of three parts connected to each other.
• Etude- a small instrumental piece designed to hone the technique of performing music.
• Scherzo- the beginning of music with a lively and rapid tempo. Mainly conveys to the listener humorous and unexpected moments in the work.
• Opera, symphony, oratorio- they were mentioned above.

Rock music genres

Now let's look at some genres of rock music other than those already mentioned above. Here is a short list with a description:

• Gothic rock- rock music with a gothic and gloomy direction. Appeared in the early 1980s.
• Grunge- music with a solid guitar sound and dark depressive lyrics. Appeared somewhere in the mid-1980s.
• Folk rock— was formed as a result of mixing rock with folk music. Appeared in the mid-1960s.
• Viking rock- punk rock with elements of folk music. Such works reveal the history of Scandinavia and the Vikings themselves.
• Trashcore- faster hardcore. The works are usually small.

Genres of sacred and secular music

Let's look at some genres of sacred and secular music. To begin with, let's define these two directions. You will find out what it is and what is the difference. After that, we'll go through several genres.

Sacred music

Spiritual music is intended to heal the soul. Such works are used mainly for services in churches. That's why some people also call it church music. Here is a short list of its genres:

• Liturgy- Easter or Christmas service. Performed by a choir, and can also include additional soloists. As a rule, various scenes of events from the Holy Scriptures were inserted into the liturgical drama. Elements of theatricality were often used.
• Antiphon- repetitive music performed by alternating several choral groups. For example, the same verses can be performed alternately by two faces. There are several types of antiphons. For example, holidays (on holidays), sedate (Sundays), everyday, and so on.
• Rondel- was created to an original melody in the form of a special form with the next introduction of vocals to the same motive.
• Proprium- part of the Mass that varies depending on the church calendar.
• Ordinarium- an unaltered part of the mass.

Secular music

Secular music is recognized show national character different cultures. Described mainly main image and life common man. This type of music was very common among traveling musicians in the Middle Ages.

Each of us loves music in our own way. Large quantity works of various genres are released monthly. Everyone downloads and listens to their favorite songs using different methods. Player, radio, TV, telephone - all this and much more helps to play music.

Musical notes are with us both in reality and during sleep. Even the wind and sea waves create their own sound that you want to listen to. There is a type of people who live only for music and don’t go anywhere without it. The other type, on the contrary, creates musical masterpieces.

Types and genres of music

The types of songs cannot be limited to a couple of categories. At a minimum they are divided into:

• Russians.
• Foreign.
• Slow.
• Dance.
• Cheerful.
• Sad.

These groups can unite with each other. The types of Russian songs are different: it can be funny dance composition or a slow and sad tune. Music is used to lift the mood and dance, although not everyone uses it only for fun. Often a melody can cause a storm of emotions, even tears.

Classification

Those who like to listen to new things follow the release of albums by their favorite artists. Indeed, in our time, almost everyone can record their own song, which is why the types of songs are different, one half of the audience likes it, the other does not approve and, in general, does not see talent in the performer. To better understand what types of songs and music there are, you should pay attention to this list:

1. Classical music.
2. Pop music.
3. Hip-Hop.
4. Electronic music.
5. Jazz.
6. Blues.

Fans of a particular genre are sometimes so passionate about music that they form groups and go out to fight. Hip-hop fans prefer to compete with each other using battles. In them they show their devotion to this style of music. Rockers are often pictured sitting on bikes and drinking alcohol. Pop musicians - ordinary people, most often perform romantic types of songs that talk about love.

Classical, electric and jazz

Classical music was very popular a couple of decades ago, but even now it is not forgotten. There are not many real connoisseurs of this style who, opportunity come to any corner of their country to attend a concert with live sound and hear the works of Tchaikovsky, Mozart, Bach and other great composers.

Electric music is played using a synthesizer or electric guitar. There are simply no sad motives in these melodies. Electronic playback and fun lyrics make the younger generation move rhythmically in the disco. In the modern world, the first place is occupied by this style, which uses old-style songs performed in a youthful way.

Jazz and blues are very similar to each other, sometimes it is impossible to distinguish them. Jazz is performed by a group of musicians playing different instruments, with the main elements being wind elements. In blues, only one instrument plays, and the others create a certain color, playing along with the main performer. Songs are being performed in a strong voice, which can stretch out and mute the heaviest notes.

Pop, rock and hip-hop

Both children and adults listen to pop songs. This music is considered the most popular, it is performed by famous singers. This style can be sad, romantic, it will “melt” any heart. Pop music most often demonstrates emotions, love, and indifference. The performers' voices are mostly gentle and pleasant to the ear; gossip and loud scandals constantly swirl around the stars.

The yellow press persecutes the performers and sometimes publishes articles whose information does not coincide with reality. Pop lyrics, as a rule, have meaning. Cheerful and danceable notes lift your spirits.

The types of songs in hip-hop music are combined with the style of RnB and rap. The first texts were written by African Americans, they told a story about the difficult life and abandoned places of America, where chaos and complete devastation were happening.

Rap, as the performers themselves say, is not sung, it is read. Wide jeans, long T-shirts, baseball caps - this is how rappers look, both black and white. Rap artists hang wide chains with various pendants around their necks.

As for rock, the style itself has its own divisions - regular and blues-based style. The first songs were released in the 60s. Nowadays, rockers have their own traditions, which manifest themselves in the form of fights on stage, broken guitars, bottles, and dousing musicians from head to toe with water. This was not the case in the last century. Rockers of the past sang about love.

Choose what you like best. If you want, listen to everything at once. The choice is everyone's. In any case, there is no place without music. She plays anywhere and everywhere.