Not many people become professional artists, despite the fact that everyone draws as a child. It’s just that some people develop their creative abilities, while for others they remain in their infancy. But sometimes the desire to create suddenly awakens in a person, and he wants to immediately draw a masterpiece. Of course, it is difficult to make such a dream come true, but you can try. Today we will talk about how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil and become a little closer to your cherished desire- master the art of drawing.
The history of the creation of the coat of arms of Russia
In this article we will look in detail at how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil, but in order to draw something, you need to at least know the history. Firstly, it’s interesting, and secondly, after you study all the details, it’s much easier to draw them.
The first drawing of the flag and coat of arms of Russia in the form in which we know it was mentioned in the chronicles of the 15th century. Under Ivan III, the eagle acquired two heads, turned in different directions. And what state symbol been there before? Russian princes borrowed the eagle from Roman culture back in the 12th century. But at that time the bird had only one head and its color was black.
Under Ivan III, the eagle not only acquired a second head. The bird's belly began to be decorated with a shield, in the middle of which Andrei the Victorious dealt a fatal blow to the snake. Why did this change happen? Moscow becomes the capital of the state, and the symbol of the Moscow principality was the shield with St. Andrew the Victorious. The fusion of two symbols gave rise to what we see on the coat of arms today. Gradual changes state symbols happened under every king. At first, each eagle head received a crown, and then the third crown began to adorn the coat of arms. In 1589 the eagle acquired almost modern look, they gave him a scepter and an orb.
The meaning of the coat of arms of Russia
After reading about the history of the appearance of state symbols, you need to find out its meaning. We will discuss in detail below how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil, and now we will find out which one hidden meaning enclosed in an eagle. Many people are interested in why the two-headed bird holds an orb and a scepter. The state represents power. Moreover, complete and undivided power over the entire country. The scepter represents church power. The bird's two heads show the unity of the Christian faith and the power of the state ruler, now the president.
What does St. George the Victorious mean? This legendary saint was known in Rus' even before the adoption of Christianity. According to legend, he saved the city from a monster that devoured young maidens. The legend says that before the duel with the snake, George offered a prayer to God, and it was with his help that the knight managed to behead the monster. In 988, at the baptism of Vladimir the Red Sun, he received the Christian name George. It is believed that this is why the symbolic hero appeared on the Russian coat of arms.
The correctness of the composition
How to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil? You need to start with construction. In order for the drawing to look harmonious later, the coat of arms must be composed immediately. We choose A4 paper format - this is a landscape sheet. You shouldn't draw a small eagle. In its center is St. George the Victorious, and this figure requires detailed elaboration. Therefore, we leave 5 cm at the bottom and 3 cm at the top, and fill in the rest of the space with an oval. With a thin line we divide the geometric figure into two equal parts. Now you can draw the outline of the eagle. We immediately outline the upper, central crown. If this is not done, it may subsequently go beyond the contours of the oval, and the drawing may move upward by itself. Visually, the coat of arms can be divided into three parts: the tail, the shield in the center and the bird’s head.
At this stage there is no need to do detailed drawing. You just need to arrange the composition proportionally.
Drawing rules
To answer the question “How to draw the coat of arms of Russia?”, you need to know the basic rules of drawing. You need to start working on your creation from the center. Otherwise, there is a high probability that in the future the drawing can be smeared by hand. To prevent this from happening, you need to put blank slate paper. When working on the eagle's heads, the sheet should be at the bottom, and when drawing the tail, the paper will cover everything drawn above. Hatching should be applied only after the entire drawing has been worked out in detail. Otherwise, the feathers on the wings will lose their presentable appearance, and the result will be dirt. Small details: eyes, mesh on crowns, etc. are drawn last.
Drawing an eagle
The work must be carried out in stages. How to draw a coat of arms so that it looks like the original? You need to start by drawing the eagle. We draw the head of the bird, to make this easier, we can divide the oval we have already drawn. It looks like a square.
In the upper left part we draw a semicircle from the center to the side. Here you need to not get carried away and remember that at the top is the central crown. Now we draw the left wing. This will be an arc that extends from the middle of the first square and reaches almost to the middle of the bottom one. We mirror the workpiece in the other direction. Now let's move on to the bird's paws. We mark in circles the places where the scepter and orb will be located. Be sure to keep the proportions. Symbols of power are located exactly in the middle of the wings. Next we draw the tail. In the center of the eagle you need to draw a shield. As already written above, in proportions it is equal to the height of the tail. We draw a clear outline of the bird and detail it. The crowns, scepter and orb should be drawn at this stage.
Detailing the drawing
We continue to reveal the secrets of how to draw a coat of arms. The description is step-by-step, so you need to follow the sequence of operations.
We have the outline of the eagle ready, now we need to detail our bird. Before you start drawing out the feathers, you should carefully approach the image of the paws. This difficult task, so first you need to depict right paw, where there are only two “fingers”. Then we move on to drawing the left limb. The main thing here is to convey the grip realistically. Having studied the original picture, you can trace the trend in the arrangement of feathers. Everywhere: on the neck, wings and paws, the plumage is located in three rows. We transfer this to our drawing. The feathers on the necks look like jackdaws. The feathers on the wings are oval, small at the base and gradually lengthen towards the end of the wing. The feathers on the paws are the most difficult to draw. Here you need to count the curls and copy them exactly. You must not miss the moment when the feathers smoothly move from the neck to the wings, and from the wings to the paws.
Drawing St. George the Victorious
The eagle is ready, now you need to draw the central shield. Answering the question “How to draw the coat of arms of Russia?”, we have already said that St. George the Victorious is the center of the composition. You need to start drawing from the horse. The animal occupies 1/3 of the entire shield space. His figure does not need a clear drawing; you can draw the horse as cartoon character. Georgy himself is also miniature. His body is not entirely proportional, his torso is large and his legs are short. The raised arm is level with the head. And of course, you must not forget about the raincoat. The final touch is the snake, which is spread out at the feet of the winner. The snake's head is under the horse's front hoof, and its tail is under the back hoof. The wings will be located exactly in the middle.
Hatching
The work needs to be completed by applying light and shade and working out small details that could have been worn out during work. To understand what needs to be done, you need to look at the various coats of arms Russian Federation. How to draw the final part of the work step by step?
We start with drawing St. George the Victorious. We apply shadows to the horse, rider, and kite. Let's slightly shade the shield itself from the eagle. There should be no sharp boundaries, the shadow should be soft. To achieve this effect, you can rub the lead with a piece of cotton wool. Next, draw the heads of the eagles. Here you need to emphasize the eyes and tongues. Apply small details to the crowns. The final step is drawing the feathers. Here you can experiment and separate all three rows of feathers from each other with a shadow. If you don’t want to do this, then you just need to draw one or two small strokes on each wing.
Drawing in color
So we answered the question of how to draw a coat of arms step by step with a pencil. You can teach your family a lesson fine arts. After several trainings, even schoolchildren can get a very similar image. To make the work look more vibrant, you can draw it with watercolor pencils.
Then after completion creative process You can run a wet brush over the entire drawing. You will get an interesting watercolor sketch effect. True, in this case the small details will have to be drawn again. And this should already be done with a gel pen.
Often, on the eve of a holiday, children are asked to bring or kindergarten drawings - Maslenitsa, spring, fire, holiday. And if you visit a folk festival with your child, he himself will be eager to transfer his impressions to paper. But how to draw Maslenitsa? How to depict not just a holiday, not just a fire or pancakes - but a cheerful celebration of welcoming spring? We will try to help you.
Step-by-step drawing of Maslenitsa: drawing with children
Start by working with your child to think through what will be shown in your drawing. Choose the subject of the future picture and try to list and imagine all the elements that you have to depict. There shouldn't be too many of them, and they shouldn't be complicated, unless of course you are a professional artist.
Most likely, you will decide to draw a scarecrow of Maslenitsa and a stack of pancakes on a plate - after all, these are the main symbols of the first spring holiday. But do not forget that the effigy must burn. This means that you will also have to depict a fire. Fire can be drawn around the stuffed animal, but you can also just draw it next to it. And one more mandatory element of your drawing is the sun. After all, both pancakes and the Maslenitsa holiday itself have been dedicated since ancient times to the arrival of spring, which means warm and bright sun, driving away the boring winter with its cold and snowstorms.
Now you need to use a thin pencil to mark on a piece of paper where the elements of the drawing will be placed. The younger your child, the more inclined he is to fill the entire sheet with the first element of the drawing, so if he starts drawing a scarecrow, pancakes and the sun free space It may simply not be enough anymore. Therefore, the composition of the drawing and the dimensions of all elements must be indicated in advance. After that, start drawing.
How to draw a Maslenitsa scarecrow
How to draw Maslenitsa pancakes
How to draw a fire
How to draw the Maslenitsa sun
In the drawing for Maslenitsa, the sun is depicted differently than children usually do - it is not just a small yellow circle with rays. The sun must have a face, and the rays are drawn thick, in a folk style.
Maslenitsa in paintings by artists and in children's drawings
Many people painted Maslenitsa famous artists. Of course, no one will demand the same skill from a child’s drawings, but the pictures will help you choose a subject. These drawings can be used as slides or simply shown to illustrate a story about how to celebrate Maslenitsa.
Artists often depict a festive bonfire with a scarecrow burning on it.
You can depict folk festivities during Maslenitsa and sleigh rides.
Big festive table for everyone, with pancakes - both adults and children enjoy drawing on this topic. 
Artists often depict traditional games and fun on Maslenitsa - storming a snow fortress, agility competitions, carousels and ice slides.
And finally, the scarecrow itself! After all, before it burns, the scarecrow is destined to be the main figure in the holiday, which lasts a whole week.
Cool drawings for Maslenitsa
Modern artists do not lag behind the classics and also enjoy painting Maslenitsa. Such images are not only understandable to children, they will not leave parents indifferent either; they can be used as postcards, to decorate an apartment or classroom, or simply be sent to friends. After all, Maslenitsa is one of the most happy holidays per year.
Now that you know how to create a festive drawing, Maslenitsa will remain with you not only in your memory, but also on paper. Draw, you will definitely succeed!
A Russian hut, a hut, a house in a village, a natural landscape depicting wooden houses is a subject of inspiration for many artists. A Russian hut is easy to depict by drawing simple lines and geometric shapes, so a child can draw it. And if you add more realistic details, shadows and perspective, you can create a real masterpiece. In this lesson we will learn how to draw a Russian hut outside and inside with all its components. So let's get started!
Hut outside
First, we will learn how to draw a Russian hut from the outside step by step. For clarity, each new detail in the image will be highlighted in red. You can do all the work with a simple pencil.
Stage 1
Let's draw general outline future home. Two inclined lines at the top are the roof, and three lines are the bases and walls of the house.
To make it symmetrical, draw a vertical line passing through the top of the roof and the middle of the base of the house. Next, build lines to the right and left relative to the center one.
Stage 2
Now let's move on to the roof indicated above in red. Let's draw the lines as shown in the figure.
Stage 3
Every house has a foundation on which the rest of the structure stands. Let's draw the base in the form of a rectangle.
Stage 4
To make it clear that the house is made of logs, let’s draw circles located one above the other near the right and left walls.
Stage 5
Traditionally, one or two windows are drawn in the image of a house. And as we look at the house from the front, we see the third attic window, pointed at the top according to the shape of the roof.
Stage 6
Let's draw the shutters in the shape of rectangles and complete the attic windows, as shown in the image below.
Stage 7
Let's finish drawing the two main windows. A little later in this lesson we will describe in detail how to draw windows.
Stage 8
The windows in the Russian hut were decorated decoratively. They painted flowers on the shutters and nailed down patterns carved from wood. Let's draw decorative planks above the windows, as shown in the figure. And, of course, what would a hut be without a chimney? Let’s draw a chimney.
Stage 9
Let's depict the plank and stone surface of the house.
The house is ready! Looks interesting.
Draw with a pencil
Drawing with a pencil has its own techniques, so in this part of the lesson we will separately look at how to draw a Russian hut with a pencil. Use the basics of construction from the first part of the lesson, add details from your imagination, change their places, the main thing here is to draw a house with a pencil.
Draw the general outlines of the house with a thin line.
We outline the roof lines as shown in the figure. You can put more pressure on the pencil, or superimpose some strokes on others.
It is better to trace at the end of the drawing, in case you have to erase with an eraser.
Draw windows and logs on top of the wall line.
We draw the details: shutters, pipes, boards and carvings on the cut of the logs.
The surface of the logs has a rounded shape, so a shadow is formed at the junction between them. Let's depict the shadow with light shading.
A glare forms on the protruding part of the logs - this place should remain light. Let's paint over the turns of the logs so that the shading is slightly lighter than the shadow area. This will create the volume.
Now let's complete the drawing. Using the same principle as shown above, we will depict chiaroscuro on the windows, roof, pipe and other details that will be in your drawing. Using strokes we will depict the sky and grass - the closer it is to the viewer, the sparser the grass will be, and vice versa. You can experiment, the main thing is that the lines are light and confident.
Decoration of a Russian hut
In this part of the lesson we will learn how to draw the inside of a Russian hut.
Creating perspective. Draw 2 rectangles - one inside the other, and connect the corners, as shown in the figure. The size and location of the rectangles depends on what kind of room we want to get in the end.
We arrange objects. In a Russian hut we see a stove, a bench, shelves for dishes and other things, a cradle, a spindle and an icon. To correctly place objects in perspective, you need to draw lines parallel to the main ones shown above. It's not difficult, the main thing is to draw the lines evenly and imagine what it will look like as a result.
Add light and shade to the finished room. Let's imagine where the light comes from and which surface will remain light. Let's see in what places the shadow from objects will fall. To show the wooden surface inside the house, we depict the relief of the board using the shadow.
Red corner
The red corner in a Russian hut is a place with an icon table and a bench. Let's see how to draw the red corner of a Russian hut.
Draw the room in perspective, as shown above. Add a table and bench to the room.
In the corner of the room, closer to the ceiling, draw a rectangle - this will be an icon. We draw an arc from the bottom of the rectangle, draw a circle on top and paint the background around them. We draw a shelf for the icon. If desired, you can draw the icon in more detail.
Bake
It remains to consider in detail how to draw a Russian stove in a hut and windows. Let's draw a stove.
We draw the stove according to the laws of perspective described above.
Drawing a stove with small details.
Professional drawing.
Windows
In conclusion, let’s see how you can draw the window of a Russian hut.
The carving on the windows can be a pattern or any other image. Can be part of the shutter, or attached separately.
The carving can be made in volume, projection, or flat.
For a window design, you can take into account the time of year in order to depict patterns similar to the weather on the shutters, patterns on the glass from frost, if, for example, it is winter. You can combine the design with the finished carving.
In the preparatory group, as part of drawing classes, preschoolers are offered such an interesting, albeit complex topic as the image of a doll in national costume. In addition to developing artistic skills, such work has great educational and educational value- introduces children to the culture and way of life of the Russian people and thereby awakens patriotic feelings in them.
Aspects of drawing on the topic “Doll in Russian folk costume” in the senior group of preschool educational institutions
Preschoolers try to depict anthropomorphic objects from an early age. At first these are primitive works according to the principle “Stick, stick, cucumber, here comes the little man!” However, for development to go further, systematic work by the teacher in this direction is necessary. Learning the art of drawing a portrait is inextricably linked with the development of perception and imagination. The teacher must find techniques that will awaken children's interest in the image of a person.
Of course, preschoolers are frightened by the task of drawing a person because they are afraid that they will not succeed. The teacher's task is to overcome this fear and replace it with a pleasant creative process. It is ideal to start the image not with a human figure, but with something similar to it. So, in the middle level, the guys are happy to draw a matryoshka doll and a snowman. They know well what parts these objects are made of and learn to depict a face. Next, we suggest drawing the Snow Maiden in a wide fur coat and with her hands.
IN senior group There is a detailed acquaintance with the portrait, children learn the proportions of the face, ways of conveying the character and mood of a person. They draw themselves, parents, friends, fairy-tale characters.
In the preparatory group, children improve their ability to depict anthropomorphic creatures from life and from memory. Children 6–7 years old are already good at noticing characteristic features objects and items and transfer them to artistic images. At this age, during a drawing lesson, preschoolers are offered such a complex, but interesting topic, like “Doll in national costume.” As a rule, this is drawing from life or based on illustrations. Note that the guys are not portraying a person, but a doll. This makes the work a little easier, since the proportions of the body and face structure here will not be so strict: for example, the head can be large, as well as the eyes, mouth, and palms.
When conducting this lesson, the teacher should focus on examining the doll in appropriate clothing. The shape of the sundress (if it is a Russian national costume), shirt, headdress, and shoes is discussed in detail. The teacher also focuses on the location of the arms, legs, and head shape. The doll's head in the picture can be oval or round. To depict a face, children must visually (or with a simple pencil) divide it into three parts: forehead, eyes and nose, lips and chin. The teacher can remind the children how eyes are drawn (draw them on the board), remind them that the nose can only be indicated by its tip (nostrils or a short line).
Sometimes children are offered a schematic drawing of a doll: using a circle (head) and several lines (body parts). This diagram is then outlined with missing elements, including clothing. Another option is to draw with ovals or arcs.
Step-by-step image
In the preparatory group, it is especially important to give children the opportunity to show creative initiative, creative imagination, and encourage independent choice. color scheme drawings. So, for example, the guys independently choose the color and pattern of the Russian beauty’s sundress, as well as her kokoshnik. Note that at this age, preschoolers already know a lot of shades, such as lemon, sand, light green, etc.
An important point of the lesson in the preparatory group is the analysis finished works. By looking at their drawings, children learn to see them strengths and disadvantages. Together with the teacher, the children discuss what can be done better than adding to the composition.
Materials used and base
In the preparatory group, the range of materials with which children can work in the process is expanding. visual arts. Their combination in one drawing helps to create an expressive image. Since the image of a doll in a national costume requires detailed drawing, it is advisable to additionally use felt-tip pens or colored pencils when working with paints (watercolor or gouache) or colored pencils. gel pens. Using these tools, you can designate facial features or intricate patterns on a sundress and kokoshnik.
An image object such as a doll requires a preliminary sketch in pencil. This is especially true when working with paints. As for the eraser, which is sometimes offered to preschoolers in the preparatory group, it is better not to give it, since children often use it irrationally and spoil the drawing.
As a basis for drawing a doll in a national costume, the teacher offers the children sheets of standard size paper. When painting with paints, they are tinted in advance pastel colors. By working with colored pencils, children can complete the composition with a suitable background.
Techniques and drawing techniques that should be used when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group
In the preparatory group, imaging techniques are further improved. Hand movements become more free and accurate, smooth and rhythmic.
A simple pencil sketch is made with fairly quick hand movements, using a light, unbroken line (to make it easy to correct inaccuracies). By the way, it will be useful if the child completes several test sketches on the rough draft.
When drawing with a pencil, children practice smoothly turning their hand - this is necessary to depict rounded lines. Preschoolers learn to draw long lines without breaking them and also to depict large shapes. Small details (facial features, ornament on a sundress) are drawn using short lines and strokes.
They are improving in the same way different ways working with a brush (all bristles and tip) when painting with gouache or watercolor. Preschoolers develop technical skills - they learn to mix paints to create interesting shades.
Additional types of visual activities used when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group, the relevance of an individual approach
In the preparatory group, the developmental characteristics of children are already clearly visible; some preschoolers have clearly expressed abilities and interest in visual arts. Such children, without a doubt, need to be encouraged, to further stimulate their desire for artistic creativity. One way is to invite them to diversify the composition with additional applicative or plasticine elements.
For example, a sundress or kokoshnik of a Russian beauty can be decorated with plasticine elements (thin ornate flagella or small balls) or shiny sequins can be glued on.
Drawing can be combined with appliqué, especially if we are talking about a collective composition: the drawn figures of young ladies are painted, cut out, supplemented with applique details and pasted onto the general background.
Drawing with applique elements
Specific options for compositions within the framework of the theme “Doll in national costume” in the preparatory group
Drawing on the topic is traditionally offered to students preparatory group at the very beginning academic year(September). This theme can be interpreted somewhat: children can portray beauties from Russian folk tales, for example, Alyonushka, Vasilisa, Maryushka (they will also be dressed in Russian folk costume).
If the children live in an area where there are their own characteristics of the national costume, then they can be reflected in the drawing, for example, “Chuvash costume”, “Mordovian outfit”.
By the way, shortly before the “Doll in a National Costume” lesson, the children can separately depict national headdresses or color the proposed templates: this way they will practice making patterns and mixing colors. In the same way, you can practice drawing Russian folk shoes - bast shoes.
An interesting idea is to invite the children, after drawing a Russian national costume, to depict the traditional outfit of another country (for example, Ukraine, China, India, etc.). Note that such an activity requires a detailed educational conversation. Portraying dolls different nationalities, children should use such means of expression as conveying the color of skin and hair, and the shape of the eyes. The teacher must show preschoolers a doll in an appropriate costume or an image of it.
If desired, the theme “Doll in a national costume” can be designed as a collective composition, for example, “Round Dance”. Children draw young ladies in Russian folk costume, then cut them out and glue them onto the base (the teacher thinks out a suitable background in advance (a meadow with green grass, flowers, etc.). As a simplified version, the children can be given templates that they must color.
Possible options for a motivating start to a lesson: looking at pictures, talking about issues, a fairy tale, poems, etc.
Even in the preparatory group, the leading type of children's activity remains play. And the teacher should not forget about this when constructing a lesson. Game motivation plays a very important role.
For example, the teacher tells the children that dolls have come to visit them, but they are dressed somehow strangely. It turns out that they came from the past. After all, this is exactly how people dressed who lived in Rus' a long time ago. Our grandmothers wore floor-length sundresses, and our grandfathers wore a shirt-shirt with a belt. The motivation for the children will be the request of the dolls to photograph them, because in the distant past there were no cameras.
Dolls in male and female Russian national costume
Doll in Russian folk costume
Another option is that the dolls (for example, Arina and Danila) are going to go to the fair and want to dress up better. After all, at fairs people had fun and danced. Children will draw them in beautiful clothes, with the emphasis on their decoration (sleeves, hem of a sundress, collar of a men's shirt).
Preschoolers can come to visit - it could be Alyonushka, Vasilisa the Beautiful or Maryushka (doll or picture). The teacher emphasizes how slender, graceful, rosy-cheeked she is, with a long brown braid. The teacher informs the children that such beauties used to be called “swan”, “peahen”, “birch”, “berry” (replenishment is underway vocabulary preschoolers). The heroine tells the children a sad story: Baba Yaga or the evil witch stole and burned her most beautiful sundress. Children always respond vividly to someone else's misfortune and strive to help - they will happily draw a picture of the beauty new outfit even more beautiful than before.
Heroine of a Russian folk tale
Heroine of a Russian folk tale
You can start your drawing lesson with an informative conversation about Russian national clothing. Children will be interested to know that embroidery and the patterns with which it was decorated were special meaning. People believed that embroidery not only decorated, but also protected from evil forces - it was a talisman. These were wavy lines, circles, crosses. The craftswomen also embroidered trees, birds, and animals. The motivation after such a story would be to invite the children to draw their favorite doll in an outfit that will protect it from all evil.
Traditional element clothing pattern Traditional clothing pattern element Traditional clothing pattern element Traditional Russian embroidery
In addition, the children can be told that the color red in the Russian national costume was present in a huge variety of shades. And in combination with green, red seemed even more juicy and festive. The color red symbolized fire, and fire can bring both joy (warmth) and sorrow (fire). It is also the color of love.
Illustration that can be used in class
Original Russian shoes of peasants
If children draw a national costume not of Russia, but of some other country, then it is necessary to show them the corresponding pictures, and also better doll in such clothes.
Doll in national costume
Thematic pictures Poster Paper toys Dolls
The motivation for drawing an elegant doll, of course, can be gleaned from fiction. A grandmother-storyteller (a teacher in disguise) can come to visit the children and tell them a fairy tale about the merchant Sadko. He had three beautiful daughters. When Sadko gathered in distant countries for goods, his daughters ordered him to bring a golden crown, a beautiful shirt and a sundress embroidered with patterns and ribbons. In an overseas country, a merchant searched for these gifts for a long time, finally found and bought them. But when the daughters saw the new clothes, they began to envy each other: each wanted to have a sundress, a shirt, and a crown. And so he asked the storyteller to turn to the children - let them help him and draw beautiful outfits for his daughters.
We also recommend modern fairy tale Larisa Sergeeva According to the plot of the work, at one end of the village there lived Sarafan the gentleman, and at the other - the simpleton Shirt. The sundress was tired of lying in the chest, waiting for the owner to take it out and put it on, and decided to go visit the Shirt. She was very happy about her guest and put on the samovar. They sat down to drink tea, and Sarafan asked Rubakha why she was so kind and pretty. She replied that the owner puts it on his body and warms it with his soul. The shirt, in turn, protects a person from evil spirits with the help of a gate (these are a collar and cuffs). And to prevent the cold from getting inside, a belt helps. The sundress thought and thought and became friends with the shirt - and now they always walk together.
After reading this short fairy tale, children will be even more interested in depicting native Russian clothing.
Illustration for a fairy tale
You can also start the lesson with a poem. For example, the following lines are interesting:
Prigotskaya Svetlana
Turn around, golden-winged sundress,
At full speed, at full speed, at full speed.
And in the harsh years of Russia
The women spun the harsh thread.
Here in such a homespun outfit
A mother with many children was going to church.
The sundress is the latitude that is needed -
You can cover the field with canvas!
Oh, you, dear, curly, desirable,
Play the harmonica more fun!
The maidens sailed in colored sundresses
Among rainbows, meadows and fields.
Everyone is rosy, like nesting dolls,
The round dances continued endlessly...
Not only the accordion rejoiced -
Choose a young man you like!
And what ditties they sang!
And handkerchiefs flew out of their hands!
Our grandmother has become old,
She put her sundress in a chest.
My mother tried on a sundress,
She said: oh, I wish I could dance!
The village is overgrown with weeds,
And the accordion has not been heard for a long time.
You won’t hear a cheerful ditty,
Young people are now in the cities...
In the village the old lady will tell
About the old round dance years!http://chto-takoe-lyubov.net/stikhi-o-lyubvi/kollektsii-stikhov/11499-stixi-pro-sarafan
L.A. Kruglova
Dolls, young ladies, nesting dolls
Everyone lives next to us.
Surprise, delight
And they don’t give me peace.
We sew outfits for all the dolls
Studying antiquity.
Let's find out from which edge
We are in a dream or in reality.
Together with the nomadic people
We set up a yurt and wait for guests.
We drink tea from a samovar
And the nomad drinks kumiss.
We're going to the house to rest,
And the nomad lay down in the kuizi
Well, try taking a look.
Different people live...
Everyone sings in their own way,
Wear different clothes
They believe in God as before...
http://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/okruzhayushchiy-mir/2012/10/18/kukly-v-natsionalnykh-kostyumakh
Ditties about bast shoes:
Oh, my bast shoes,
My little paws,
You dug the gardens
We came here to dance.”"Walk Matvey
Don't be sorry for your bast shoes.
You'll live until Saturday
You'll make new bast shoes.
Note that on the eve of drawing a doll in a folk costume, it is good to offer preschoolers didactic games on this topic. For example, during the game “Dress a doll in a national costume,” children remember the features traditional clothes different peoples.
Didactic game“Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in a national costume"
Since physical training or finger exercises are mandatory before productive activities, we present the following wonderful option:
| We are tailors, craftswomen | alternate stroking of hands from bottom to top |
| We'll sew you a suit now | run your hands over your body from top to bottom and sit down |
| We will not be afraid of difficulties | turning the head to the sides while sitting |
| Let's dress up, decorate at once! | jump up, show thumbs up |
| To begin with, we will measure | arms forward - to the sides |
| How much fabric do we need - Let's open it up and check it again, - It won't be enough for you. |
bends to the sides, hands on the waist |
| Cut it straight from the fabric | hands forward scissors |
| - And we’ll sew everything around the edges, | imitate movements with a needle |
| Now let’s decorate it colorfully | arms to the sides, fingers apart |
| Feathers, beads, ribbons there. | clapping on the right, left, above the head |
| Now you can definitely - Dress up - and go to the ball! |
hands on the belt, turn around |
| Let's admire - everything is solid - And beautifully made for you. |
hands on the belt, alternately placing the legs on the heel |
Class notes
| Author's full name | Title of the abstract |
| Klyuy A. |
"Doll in national costume" Educational objectives: introduce children to Russian folk costume, as well as costumes from other countries; consolidate the ability to depict a human figure. Developmental tasks: consolidate the ability to draw with watercolors, first marking the outline with a simple pencil. Educational tasks: to cultivate interest in the national clothes of Russia and other countries. Integration educational areas : « Artistic creativity", "Cognition", "Communication", "Socialization", "Health". Demo material: paper dolls in national costumes, a doll in a traditional Russian sundress and kokoshnik. Handout: sheets of white paper according to the number of children, watercolor paints, sippy cups, brushes, coasters, napkins. Progress of the lesson: At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher informs the children that they live in the largest country. But besides it, there are many other countries in the world. And each has its own culture, traditions and national clothes. The teacher demonstrates paper dolls in national costumes and talks about each of them. The doll Katya comes to visit the children, dressed in Russian folk costume - an elegant silk sundress, belted with a narrow belt, and a kokoshnik. The sundress is embroidered with patterns, and the kokoshnik is decorated with gold embroidery, pearls and beads. The doll's hair is braided and decorated with a ribbon. The teacher invites the children to draw a Katya doll in her beautiful outfit. |
| Yuzhakova O.N. |
“How the girl wore a red sundress”
The lesson begins with the teacher and the children viewing an exhibition dedicated to Russian folk costume. |
| Nikitina L. |
"Doll in Russian national costume"
At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher recites the lines of M. Shakhanov:
The song “I See Wonderful Freedom” plays. Conversation based on its content: what is the song about, what is our name? home country how big is it? The teacher asks the children who our ancestors are and from what sources we can learn about their lives. Children are invited to visit the museum - they are invited to the Fairy Tale Hall - they come to the stand with illustrations of Russian folk tales. The teacher pays attention to how the women in the pictures are dressed, where the clothes are casual and where they are festive.
From magic chest The teacher takes out silhouettes of dolls in Russian costume. They have gathered for a holiday, and the children’s task is to decorate sundresses and kokoshniks using geometric patterns. |
| Bublik L. |
“Doll in national costume” (Chinese)
During the lesson, children get acquainted with the friendly country of China, learn about its geographical location(large area, washed by several seas), culture, consider women's national costume. A Chinese doll comes to visit the children and greets them in Chinese. Her name is Jia, which means “beautiful” in Chinese. Preschoolers examine her national costume: trousers made of silk fabric, over which she wears long dress with a wrap and wide sleeves (also made of silk). The Chinese outfit is embroidered with colorful patterns: these are flowers and butterflies that have symbolic meaning.
Independent productive activity of children - under Chinese music they draw a Chinese doll in her national costume and come up with their own pattern for the fabric. |
Examples of finished work by preparatory group students on the topic “Doll in a national costume” with comments on the completion of the work
The drawings “Russian Beauty”, “Russian Folk Costume”, “Ivan and Marya” (all of them done in watercolor) show us the national clothing of our Motherland. The work “Russian Beauty” is permeated positive mood: complemented by a bright and soft blue sky. We see a familiar Russian attribute - a slender birch tree in the foreground. The doll in the picture is depicted in a traditional bright red sundress, with her long blond braid fluttering.
Since ancient times in Rus', on every piece of utensil, on every piece of clothing, as well as on houses, various elements and symbols were depicted, which formed patterns. Each detail had its own meaning and place. This is how Russian was formed folk pattern.
Historical information about Russian folk patterns
It should be understood that there are two terms - pattern and ornament. And it was not the same thing from the beginning. Even now, not every pattern can be called an ornament. For example, if this is a constantly repeating pattern (rapport).
In Rus' it was believed that the pattern was much deeper, it meant more. The word ornament is borrowed from Latin, and it appeared much later and means decoration. In Rus' there was an analogue to it - “decorations”. It was believed that it was intended for decoration decorative stylization. However, later these two concepts became intertwined and began to complement each other.
Russian folk pattern is a collection different lines, symbols, other elements that can be repeated or be in a single version. Pictures may vary in different areas. Thus, in the eastern regions of Rus', in the pattern you can find such an element as the “Indian cucumber,” which is still popular today.
Also, each area had its own color scheme of patterns and ornaments.
Signs and symbols in the Russian pattern
If we consider the Russian folk pattern from the point of view of symbolism, then we can say that not a single element is depicted there just like that. Each has its own meaning and is in its place.
The most popular symbols in the pattern are:
- The star of Alatyr, or, as it is also called, the cross of Svarog. It has eight petals and symbolizes the Universe, its cycles of folding and unfolding.
- The symbol of Beregini (Rozhanitsa) is also very popular. This is a schematic representation of a woman who protects.
- Very a significant symbol is which is sometimes also called the World Tree. It combines the world axis, the universe and the race.
- Everyone knows: During the time of Hitler, the swastika became a symbol of war and fascism, but initially this was not at all the case.
- Also popular is the Orepei symbol, which is a comb diamond. This symbol brings happiness, balance and peace of mind.
- In addition, flowers, stars, spirals and other symbols are used in the pattern and ornament, each of which carries a specific meaning, enhancing the positive and protective energy of a person.
In addition to the above elements, there are many others. In addition, almost all patterns of the scheme are quite diverse. The same symbol can be depicted in different ways, maintaining, however, common features and lines. This is how whole protective phrases arise, as well as short stories or conspiracies.
The sacred meaning of the pattern
You should know that the same symbol, but depicted in different parts clothes, could have different meaning. For example, the Orepei sign, depicted in the elbow area on women's clothing, denoted an ancestor. If he was depicted on the hem, then he was the entrance to the other world.
The ancient gods who rode in chariots were also symbolically depicted. They were harnessed to various animals that personified a specific deity.
Some Russian patterns (photo below) carried a certain code in their numerical repetition. So, the following numbers were important:
- three (Absolute, Trinity, time, space);
- four (cardinal directions, seasons);
- seven (symbol of harmony);
- twelve.
Such patterns and ornaments also reveal the attitude towards Mother Nature of our ancestors. With their images, they seemed to ask her for protection and patronage from various evils, troubles and misfortunes.
Where are Russian folk patterns used?
The use of patterns is quite varied. They are used in towels, napkins, for painting utensils, houses, and for carving wood and metal. In the old days, not a single object was left without a design.
Russian patterns (photos of them are in our review) are not only the beauty of an object, but also protection, a talisman for its owner. It is known that even before the advent of writing, people already depicted on utensils various symbols(diamonds, lines, dots).
Differences in patterns in different regions
Each region of Russia has its own history of painting, embroidery, patterns and ornaments. Let's look at the Russian folk pattern (pictures of some will be presented below) for some types and areas:
- Gzhel painting - characterized by blue and white colors in the drawings that are made on ceramic and porcelain products;
- paintings, for which the village of Zhostovo is famous, on metal trays;
- very interesting Khokhloma painting various patterns, it is characterized by a golden color (there are also red, yellow and orange);
- in addition, in many regions they made their own special toys (Dymkovo, Kargopol, Stary Oskol), each of which had its own unique pattern in the painting;
- Pavlovo Posad shawls are also very famous, which are made in red and black colors, with floral patterns.
And these are not even all the known crafts where Russian folk patterns are used.
The most ancient patterns
The most ancient patterns include a set of various signs, which in ancient times had a special meaning and were simply not applied to any product. Each family had its own set of embroideries and paintings, which were passed down from generation to generation. They even have a special meaning for the family, being its own symbol. Of course, over time, knowledge was lost.
Ancient Russian patterns breathe mystery into us, the power of amulets, the meaning of every curl or sign.
Nowadays, many people collect similar images that make sense.
How to start drawing Russian folk patterns
Now people are increasingly turning to our ancestral heritage, wanting to revive lost traditions. For example, many people wonder how to draw a Russian pattern. Where to start?
First, you should understand that in Rus' there are many techniques of painting and embroidery, which have their own characteristics. For beginners, you need to take patterns that are not very complex, having a repeating pattern. This will make it easier to grasp its very essence.
Before drawing itself, you need to practice with its simple components: dots, lines, strokes, droplets, loops, etc. In fact, the most difficult pattern consists of the above details. From these simple forms, after some time of training, it will be possible to create more complex ones.
In order to understand how to draw a Russian pattern, you should not rush. Some forms may indeed seem complex, but you need to remember that they are all made up of simple ones. First, lay out the repeating pattern into details; start depicting it with the easiest and most basic ones, for example, a point. Gradually draw other shapes around it, and so at the very end you can get your finished pattern. Take a look at the photo below, which shows all the stages of drawing. And make sure that this process is not so complicated.
Thus, you can learn how to create ornaments and patterns yourself. In principle, you can take ready-made diagrams and then transfer them to the surface.
Using patterns on household items
Also, patterns and ornaments in ancient times were made on household items and household utensils. For example, in Rus', salt shakers were depicted with a six-petal rosette. This had symbolic meaning. This rosette represented the sun, and salt was considered associated with it. Also, her image was often found on spinning wheels, as a symbol of endless time.
In addition to the symbolic painting of utensils, there was also simply decorating the product. Of course, it did not appear immediately, but the technology was developed over the years.
It should be noted that some patterns, the patterns of which are quite complex, are still made by craftsmen. This is, for example, Khokhloma painting, which looks very beautiful and rich. However, its production is quite complex and multi-stage.
Using patterns in embroidery
Russian embroidery in Rus' traditionally not only decorates clothes, towels, bedspreads and other linen products, but is also a talisman. The interweaving of patterns is by no means random nature. All symbols are in their place.
In addition, the color of the thread that is used also matters in embroidery. Let's consider some points:
- an embroidered rooster or horse in red or black colors is suitable to protect the baby;
- for successful activities, embroidery should be done in blue or golden-green tones;
- woolen embroidery is suitable if there are already some energy holes; it is done in the area of a person’s chakras;
- flax is used for peace; it is used to embroider trees, birds, stars or the sun;
- for women, black color should be used in embroidery to protect against infertility;
- for men - green (protects from wounds), blue (protects from the elements).
In addition, symbols are also used in embroidery - a cross (barrier and protection from evil), a star (heavenly fire), a circle (denotes fertility, abundance and motherhood) and others.
Thus, Russian embroidery is a whole set of knowledge that our ancestors used in ancient times, protecting themselves, their relatives and their clan.
The use of patterns on clothing in the old days
Probably the most famous use of pattern and ornament is Even the most ignorant person in this matter will recognize this embroidery. True, colors and patterns again vary by region.
For example, the further south the area, the brighter the clothes people wore. This was due to the fact that used to paint was of natural origin, and the warmer it was, the greater the variety in the possibilities of producing it.
If we talk about men's and women's clothing, then the first had almost no differences in the regions, except perhaps for preferences in color and pattern. But women's clothing was quite varied and significantly different.
And also embroidery of various animal figures was very popular in the northern part of Russia. But the southern ones had more colored embroidery (often red).
The use of Russian folk patterns in modern clothing
Russian folk patterns on clothes periodically return to fashion. Famous fashion designers produce collections with folk motifs (for example, in 1976, Russian Collection from Yves Saint Laurent).
In our time, Russian patterns have long been a priority among true connoisseurs. In addition to colorful traditional ones, bright floral (or other folk) prints are used. I remember the ancient patterns that craftswomen embroidered on clothes for their family and friends. You can also certainly order similar clothes for yourself if you wish.
Products that have long earned recognition both in quality and style (for example, Pavlovo Posad shawls) also remain popular.
Thus, the Russian pattern simply cannot go into oblivion. His influence on the people is undeniable, this is his legacy, and one day he will rightfully take his rightful place in the hearts of people. After all, ancient Russian patterns truly carry the harmony and beauty that was known to our ancestors. This is also our history, which should not be forgotten.