Project activities on ecology. The area is equal to the territory of the United States. Environmental projects - Ecological project “Seabed”

21.09.2019

Municipal educational institution

"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school No. 2"

Educational and research environmental project

Ecology of school space

Project type: creative, exploratory

Project hypothesis : conducting environmental monitoring, analyzing their results, environmental educationof all participants in the educational process will help maintain their health and improve learning conditions.

Objective of the project: maintaining the health of students, creating favorable learning conditions.

Tasks:

Educational

expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the role of nature in human life;

introduce students to diversity, living conditions indoor plants, their importance for human health.

developing:

develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove your opinion;

educational:

ensure the relationship between the educational and educational processes;

cultivate a caring attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, and personal responsibility for what is happening around.

develop research skills, the ability to work with various types information sources;

develop the ability to analyze, select, and classify the information received;

develop the ability to creatively apply acquired knowledge

Predicted results:

The student will know:

names of indoor plants and living conditions of these plants in their homeland;

rules for caring for indoor plants;

the effects of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the vital activity of indoor plants;

The student will be able to:

work with additional literature;

observe and care for indoor plants;

work in a group;

document the results of your activities according to the plan.

The student will cultivate in himself:

curiosity;

independence;

tolerance;

organization.

Formulation of the problem :

Insufficient or improper landscaping in school classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable learning conditions.

Design :

formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.

Search for information:

studying reference, popular science literature, conducting

monitoring.

Intermediate product: consultations, preparation of presentations, preparation of speeches.

Project presentation.

School ecology - this is an activity in the space of school life, consistent with human nature.

School is the place where children spend most of their time, and therefore it must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, the main requirement here is maintaining health.

What benefits do indoor plants bring, and are they just benefits, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty?

Taking into account the trend of a sharp decline in population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is being raised. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for the physical development of the new generation, strengthening the health of students, and introducing them to the value of a healthy lifestyle. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people causes reasonable concern for the entire society as a whole. In this regard, such an area of work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving teaching technologies becomes the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.

Houseplants came to us from distant countries. By decorating our interior, they invite us to break out of the routine whirlwind. The most amazing of them take us on journeys, making us forget about the banal everyday life.

When choosing “green friends”, we focus on our own aesthetic taste and listen to the advice of family and friends. As a rule, everything is limited to this, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! Having settled in our house, “green tenants” contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and cleanse it of harmful impurities. Special nutrients released by plants increase performance, normalize sleep, and increase a person’s adaptive abilities

“Green friends” bring harmony and tranquility into our lives; next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time relax. When choosing plants, many of us do not think about the effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants affect us with their aroma, the color of leaves and flowers, and the shape of the crown.

Indoor plants are an essential component of a school classroom. They decorate the room and create comfort. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic, psychological impact, improve the air environment. In recent years, another important function of plants has become increasingly clear - cleaning. environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they clean the air from dust and harmful gases.

Plants with phytoncidal properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, reduce blood pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: tachycardia and arrhythmia decrease; serve as a means of prevention for dystonia and hypertension. - Reduces the number of microorganisms in the air by 70-80%.

Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsander cypress, laurel, fortuneella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of mold fungi by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citruses. Microbes (staphylococcus) are dealt with by Cissus Hibiscus, Cissus, Ficus, Akalifa, Aglaonema. For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one plant specimen per 1 m3 of room.

Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it would be a good idea to set up a relaxation room at school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm, fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to an allergic reaction). Plants purify the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have these properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound; it is useful to plant them in schoolyards located near roads, and this is important due to the increasing number of vehicles. The air environment contains toxins emanating from synthetic materials used in finishing work.

As part of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to carry out an independent project to study the species composition of indoor plants in the school. This work is accessible and interesting to students.

The goal of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, and homeland from reference books; study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.

The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the “Indoor Plants at School” project can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.

5-6 grades

- Studying the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms.

- School gardening club.

- Messages in biology lessons.

7th grade

- Creating a map “Map of the world on the windowsills of a school (classroom).”

-"Travelling with Houseplants."

8-9 grades

- Study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.

- Landscaping of school classrooms taking into account air and thermal conditions.

- Speech at an environmental scientific and practical conference.

The work to determine the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.

At the first stage ( 5th grade ) students identify and describe plants in the basic classroom. For these purposes, use a special reference books. The most successful in this regard is Hessayon’s reference book “Everything about indoor plants” (M.: Kladez, 1996).

At the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students identify and describe the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms. It should be noted that working in groups, where students complete tasks together, helps improve communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and the intellectual development of children.

Data on the species composition of plants is placed in the classroom corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in the container with plants, indicating the name, species, and homeland of the plant. You can also hold a meeting of school gardeners, at which you can give recommendations on working with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on window exposures, are advisable to grow in a particular office. Communication is also important. experimental activities students with an educational process that is established through subjects of the natural cycle. For example, in a 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants acquired during work on a project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in a geography course, in particular, when studying continents. Based on knowledge about the species composition of indoor plants, the school creates a map of the world's vegetation, which indicates the homeland of each plant.

IN in this case carried outanticipatory education. To prepare such a lesson, the children study a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, suggested by the teacher or found on their own. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the students preparing the material and for the entire class as a whole.

While working on a vegetation map, students learn that the homeland of most of the school’s indoor plants is the rainforests of America and Africa, since the humidity and temperature conditions in the school’s classrooms are quite consistent with the natural conditions of this natural zone (monitoring of the ecological state of the school’s classrooms is carried out under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). It becomes obvious to students that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain maintenance conditions. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant watering in summer, shading of plants in the hot season and lighting in the cold, “wintering” for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be presented in the form of mini abstracts or shown on a stand in the classroom.

The final stage of the second stage The project is a presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, this is best done in the form of a “Travel with Houseplants” holiday. Student presenters, using a map of the world's vegetation, talk about the living conditions of plants found at school.

For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular science literature we learned that at school there are plants that determine the sanitary state of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, and violet. In addition, the rooms have detoxifying plants that can neutralize toxic substances contained in the air. These are chlorophytum fasciculata, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.

As part of the school's gardening program, students selected plants for each classroom based on environmental factors.

In addition, we carried out work to identify plants that have medicinal properties. At school, such plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficus. We compiled the results in the form of a catalog “Medicinal Plants at School”, indicating the species composition, the use of plants in their homeland, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the doctor, an annotation of the medicinal effect and methods of use have been compiled.

results project work students presented at a school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of secondary and high school. Thus, the achievements of individual groups of schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be in demand by everyone.

Most interesting works were presented at the environmental scientific and practical conference.

I have an idea creating a cabinet of indoor plants. The idea to create it came about because the school collected a large number of indoor plants.

Houseplants are used in lessons and extracurricular activities as demonstration and handout material when conducting observations and performing simple experiments. Living objects must be unpretentious in maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, and safety regulations must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.

When selecting plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in lessons and extracurricular activities, taking into account their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in walls or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.

Work in project activity mode becomes a source of creation necessary equipment office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in which schoolchildren can take part. Creative in its essence, including research, search, problem situations, project activities fill the life of each office with interesting things.

Analyzing the available resources and capabilities of children, we gave preference to the following types of project activities:

research

applied

informational

Research The project requires a certain algorithm of work:

Identification and formulation of the problem;
- formulation of a hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- action planning;
- data collection, analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.

Applied From the very beginning, the project clearly indicates the result of the activities of its participants.

Informational The project is aimed at analyzing and summarizing any information for a wide audience.

“Ecology and phytodesign of the school classroom”

Target: get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of florist and decorator.

Tasks:

1.Study the species composition of indoor plants in the office

2. Establish which indoor plants are most popular in landscaping school premises

3.What requirements are taken into account when growing plants at school?

Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Practical work

Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office

We decided to equip our school office and do phytodesign of the office:

Landscape it so that it is aesthetically pleasing and comfortable for work; and the conditions for maintaining the plants were met.

Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we have established that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in indoor landscaping:

1 group - decorative deciduous (palms, ferns, dracaena)

Group 2 - beautifully flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)

Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)

Group 4 - climbing or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)

Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)

In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (tradescantia, chlorophytum), which bloom easily and abundantly, and which can be cared for by children. Plants that cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes or have brightly colored fruits are completely excluded.

To make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner, we use plants. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to know the basic requirements of each of them for

Humidity

Illuminance

Temperature

Plants need light for normal development. According to light requirements, all plants can be divided into three groups:

Group 1 - light-loving

Group 2 - shade-loving

Group 3 - shade-tolerant

The air temperature in the room is of no small importance for the development of plants, especially in winter.

Sufficient moisture is necessary for normal plant development.

In addition, in offices it is necessary to increase the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe and Kalanchoe. These plants enhance immunity and have bactericidal properties. The most popular plant in school is chlorophytum. It is said about him: the worse the air is for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.

When composing compositions, it is necessary to take into account the following rules and methods of plant placement. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.

1.A free-standing plant can be evergreen or flowering.

A successfully composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis, where beauty and comfort reign, where the harmony of nature and man reigns.

2. Climbing plants suspended in a specially made flower pot are very effective in the interior.

3. Small gardens on rocks are very beautiful

4. Groups of plants planted together are very effective.

Flowers ennoble our lives, caress the eye, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, respect, affection, respect. (See presentation).

Additional Information on career guidance.

Creating green interiors is a special area of architecture that requires versatile knowledge and great artistic taste. Therefore, to create the most complex modern projects florist and decorator works.

A florist - decorator is an indispensable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in a large hall, in recreation. At the same time, he will take into account the influence of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only of fresh flowers, but also of dried or artificial ones. Flower growers work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in open ground, in experimental plots, in parks and squares. Flower growers and decorators reveal the beauty of nature to people. Florists implement landscaping projects. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To maintain a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned, faded inflorescences are cut off, and fragile plants are tied to stakes. It is better for people who love nature and have good aesthetic taste to choose this profession. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create a festive mood in people. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, delay the spread of dust, soften noise, and help restore the normal composition of the surrounding air.

Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school.

You can choose to educate the younger generation, involve children in project activities? Let's try to find the answer to this question together.

Requirements for environmental projects

Currently, such research is especially relevant; it concerns all people living on our planet. Not everyone realizes that every person is responsible for the conservation of wildlife and can make an appropriate contribution to solving the problem.

The most active part of the population is therefore so important to choose the right topics for environmental projects for children.

Objectives of environmental education

It is aimed at developing a conscious and moral attitude towards natural environment, increasing environmental awareness of the population.

An environmental project on the topic “Environmental Pollution” is aimed at identifying problematic issues and improving. For example, together with a teacher, children can improve the area near the kindergarten.

Option of the project in the educational institution

What topics of environmental projects can be chosen for schoolchildren? For example, under the guidance of a teacher, children can improve the area near their educational institution. What might a project on the topic “Environmental problems through the eyes of schoolchildren” look like?

Goal: to make a feasible contribution to improving the environment.

Project objectives: creating a landscape design project for the area around the school, selecting plants and shrubs, implementing the project.

To achieve this goal the following steps will be taken:

selection plant material;
organizing a competition to develop the design of the territory;
creation of material aimed at informing the population about environmental problems;
creating brochures in which the guys offer useful tips caring for planted flowers and shrubs;
preparation and conduct of cleanup days by schoolchildren, their parents, and teachers;
Creation documentary film, telling about the implementation of the project.

What else should such a project include? On the topic “Environmental factors” you can make a separate research work, analyzing the main problems specific to the region.

To evaluate the effectiveness of a project, the following factors can be used:

sociological surveys;
involvement of volunteers in the implementation of planned activities.

Specifics of educational processes

The topics of environmental projects may be different, but they are similar in meaning. All educational projects involve independent activity of schoolchildren, which allows them to use knowledge, realize opportunities and abilities, and present results publicly.

The topics of environmental projects can be of both theoretical and practical nature. In any case, students gain skills:

planning your activities;
predicting possible results;
comparison of facts;
assessment of the environmental situation;
analysis of literary sources;
public presentation;
assessing yourself and your results;
promotion of environmental knowledge.

Environmental project structure

Any project on the topic “Environmental education” presupposes a certain structure. On title page information about the author is indicated, educational institution, scientific supervisor. The introduction states the reasons and necessity for conducting the research as part of the project work. This section is 1-2 pages long. The obligatory elements of the introduction include consideration of the relevance of the study, setting goals, and setting objectives.

It involves explaining its importance and providing arguments to support this opinion.

The goal involves short description planned result. Objectives are considered to be an indication of the actions taken to achieve it. When formulating them, verbs are used. For example, it is acceptable to use the following options: “reveal”, “analyze”, “develop”, “identify”, “characterise”, “identify”. The number of tasks is determined by the purpose of the project under consideration.

Literature review on the project topic

A project on the topic “Ecological disasters” involves a preliminary review of scientific literature. For example, you can briefly describe the problem, note its scale, and draw a conclusion about the timeliness and relevance of its consideration.

An example of a student's work

What should real projects look like? Environmental theme: nature, human relationships with it - all this can become the goal of the project.

We offer a version of the work dedicated to water. In the introduction, it can be noted that water is the basis of life on our planet.

The human body consists mostly of water. The process of functioning and activity of individual systems and organs, the work of cells occurs only in a liquid environment. Based on the results of an assessment of the quality of drinking water carried out by the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, it was revealed that in recent years it has become life-threatening. The water does not meet hygienic standards in terms of odor, turbidity, color, content of petroleum products, manganese, and iron.

The quality of drinking water is a pressing and serious problem of our time. Is the water we use for drinking safe? You can find the answer to this question after completing the study.

Setting tasks and goals

The purpose of the work is to compare the quantitative content of chlorine anions in tap water depending on the filter used.

Job objectives:

analysis of the characteristics of shungite and silver in the form of filter substances for purifying tap water from chlorine anions;
conducting experiments on purification of tap water samples from chlorine anions;
performing quantitative determination of the content of chlorine anions in tap water samples;
formulation of recommendations taking into account the available results.

Project methods:

working with diverse literary sources;
conducting various experiments;
quantitative calculation of the content of chlorine anions in tap water samples;
statistical processing of the obtained results.

The object of the study is tap water samples taken in different areas of the city.

The subject is the quantitative calculation of chlorine anions in samples.

Main types of drinking water pollutants

Drinking water quality indicators are divided into several groups:

organoleptic, which includes color, turbidity, smell;
microbiological;
chemical.

Water acquires an odor due to volatile substances that enter it with wastewater. The cause of turbidity is a variety of fine impurities. The taste of drinking water can come from organic substances of plant origin dissolved in water. When analyzing the quality of natural water, it is necessary to use the following characteristics: the amount of calcium bicarbonate, oxidability, alkalinity, permanent and temporary hardness.

Conclusion

Environmental education is important issue, which deserves serious attention and consideration. It is necessary to explain the importance of environmental education to the younger generation. The teacher must explain to his students the need for competent housekeeping. The goal and objectives of the project are to study the characteristics of, for example, a separate area within the ecosystem, as well as to identify the connection between its components, draw up simple, understandable garden plots, and highlight recommendations for proper care of the area.

For example, if the project chosen is to study the ecosystem of a household plot, it is important to analyze the vegetation that may be present on it.

Besides cultivated plants, there may be weeds on the site. Their composition depends on the actions taken to combat them, as well as on the fertilizers applied to the soil. Guys involved in a similar project can consider the option of organizing a site. It is allowed to use perennial flowers that differ in flowering period, which will simplify care and make it possible to enjoy the beauty of flowers throughout the summer period.

Raising responsible younger generations careful attitude to nature is one of the most important problems of our time. From an early age, it is important to develop in the younger generation a sense of observation and responsibility for the state of nature.

While studying in an educational institution, a child develops positive feelings towards inanimate and animate nature. When communicating with the flora and fauna, the child develops a positive attitude towards objects and phenomena, a desire to comprehend this amazing world, discover the value and diversity of nature, the need for its study and knowledge. For example, if a child chooses insects as an object of study, he has the opportunity to form ideas about their world and show concern for the conservation of nature.

Among the project's objectives are:

expansion and systematization of children’s ideas about ants, butterflies, beetles, bees, and their specific features;
development of skills to form conclusions, establish cause-and-effect relationships between individual objects;
instilling in children a caring attitude towards natural objects.

A teacher who provides environmental education to schoolchildren invites his pupils to observe insects on walks, conduct conversations about the dangers and benefits of insects, their species diversity, invites children role-playing games, poems and proverbs for memorization.

The influence of climatic and meteorological factors on the functioning of the body of students of early adolescence at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Stray dogs in the urban environment in Yekaterinburg or regional cities and a danger to human health.
Dust collecting trees, their importance in improving the environment in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Study of environmental factors in conditions of inclined microzonality of agricultural landscapes using the example of the Uktus Mountains.
Analysis of water quality and the condition of water intake structures in Yekaterinburg or cities in the Sverdlovsk region (specific example).
Monitoring of drinking water sources of non-centralized water supply in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Studying the phytoncidal properties of green plants in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region
Counting wintering birds: environmental aspect (Participation in the winter bird count program "Eurasian Christmas Count").
Methods for studying the ecological state of the Iset or Patrushikha river, lake. Shartash, other reservoirs of the region and their use in assessing anthropogenic impact (specific reservoir).
Comparison of the cleansing capacity of the river ecosystem of the Iset River, Patrushikha or other rivers in the region (a specific example).
Medicinal dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg) as an indicator of environmental pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Perception of the visual environment and its influence on a person’s well-being (using a specific example).
Natural-historical-cultural natural monument "Stone Tents" or other natural monuments of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Comparative characteristics vegetation of landscape natural monuments "Shartashsky Forest Park" and "Uktussky Forest Park" or other forest parks of the city (specific examples).
Assessment of the state of the air environment in areas of Yekaterinburg or other cities in the region using the lichen indication method (specific area).
The influence of anthropogenic impact on the growth and fruiting of Scots pine trees in Kharitonovsky Park or other parks of the city and region (specific park).
The role of propaganda in increasing motivation to protect the environment using the example of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College and its impact on human health.
Ecological studies of changes in the physical development of first-year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Household waste and problems of its disposal in the districts of Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of green spaces in areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities and the impact on human health (a specific example).
Fauna of diurnal Lepidoptera in the areas of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
Study of the demographic situation in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
Assessment of the recreational capacity of a forest park or protected area in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area).
How to survive a monument in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region (a specific example).
Video ecology of the valley of the Iset or Patrushikha rivers and other rivers in the region.
Dynamics of the avifauna of some forest areas in the Sverdlovsk region (specific area) and the impact of anthropogenic load.
Practical aspects of interaction between people and birds in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Factors influencing performance and fatigue in the educational process at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Radiation monitoring of Yekaterinburg or regional cities.
The influence of environmental environmental factors on the health of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The problem of our time “Tuberculosis is the border between life and death.”
Comparative characteristics environmental situation in the area of 1 and 2 buildings of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
The influence of the urban environment on the condition of plants (using the example of studying the growth and development of lilac shoots).
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period at the mouth of the Patrushikha River.
Species composition and abundance of waterfowl and semi-aquatic birds during the autumn migration period in the pond of Kharitonovsky Park.
Noise pollution in building 2 of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Correct guidance household(specific example).
Comparative analysis of biological methods for assessing air quality using lichen.
Study of the Red Book and rare phytocenotic objects of a forest park or protected area of the Sverdlovsk region (a specific example).
Some features of physical development and hemodynamic function of the heart in 1st and 2nd year students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify genetically modified ingredients in it.
Studying the home diet of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College in order to identify harmful food additives.
Monitoring the ecological state of ecological systems in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (specific examples).
Research of rare and protected plants of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region.
Daily norm nutrient consumption by students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Diet for students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College
Assessment of the ecological state of the air on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Video ecological justification for the discomfort of the interface of modern operating systems.
Comparative analysis of indoor plants in classrooms - No. 216, 316 as a factor in improving the microclimate of indoor spaces.
Study of the ecological state of Kharitonovsky Park or the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
Ecological characteristics of the water system of the Shartash forest park (a specific example) and the impact on health.
Ecological characteristics of reservoirs in the Sverdlovsk region and their impact on health (a specific example).
Aging of the population of the Sverdlovsk region as an environmental problem.
Dynamics of the ecological state of the Park of Culture and Recreation named after. Mayakovsky.
The use of microfertilizers as an effective way to dispose of household waste (at a specific site).
Forecasting the level of pollution of surface waters in the Sverdlovsk region.
Using the bioindication method to assess the state of atmospheric air in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg.
Analysis of drinking water in Yekaterinburg and its impact on health.
Ecological passport of the forest park of Yekaterinburg or cities of the region (specific example).
Dependence of the incidence of ARVI and influenza in schoolchildren on the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the diet.
Biotechnical measures for the conservation of Red Book plant species on the territory of a forest park or nature reserve in Yekaterinburg or regional cities (a specific example).
Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of Lake Shartash or rivers and lakes of cities and towns in the region.
The mystery of the water we drink.
Influence various types tillage of soil for its agronomic properties.
Study of the ecological state of the Iset River, Patrushikha or rivers and lakes of the region.
Disorders of human eating behavior under the influence of socio-psychological factors.
Socio-psychological environmental factors and their impact on the health of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Determination of the coefficient of aggressiveness of the surrounding video environment in Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Determination of the ecological characteristics of meadows in the Sverdlovsk region by vegetation cover (specific examples).
The influence of the anthropogenic factor on the meadow ecosystem in the Sverdlovsk region.
Assessment of the impact of aircraft noise in the area adjacent to Koltsovo Airport.
The problem of beer alcoholism among students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Mobile phone: “for” and “against” (using the example of students of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Determination of noise pollution on the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Nutritional supplements pros and cons.
Category E food additives for human health.
Assessment of the intensity of traffic flow and its impact on the state of atmospheric air in the area of reinforced concrete products or other areas of the city and region.
Dynamics of the abundance and biomass of the earthworm (Limbricus terrestris) in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (using the example of the suburban area of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region).
Determination of nitrates in agricultural products.
Dependence of the species and quantitative composition of birds on the degree of recreational load of natural forest parks and parks of the city of Yekaterinburg in winter.
Studying the impact of a highway on environmental safety using the example of a reinforced concrete area or other areas of the city and region.
"The green outfit of my street."
Influence railway transport on human health (using specific examples).
Study of the illumination of classrooms at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecological potential of the method of photographing wildlife in areas of the city of Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
Ecological potential of the method of drawings of living nature objects in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Conduct comparative analysis parks or forest parks in the districts of Yekaterinburg and regional cities by photographing wildlife objects.
Landscape design of the territory of the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Ecology of homeless animals in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.
Study of the ecological state of the springs of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region and the adjacent territory (using a specific example).
Development of springs and surrounding areas in the vicinity of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region (using a specific example).
Monitoring the quality of tap water in the city of Yekaterinburg.
The influence of the degree of environmental pollution on the physiological parameters of some tree species in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
Nitrates in vegetable products (using specific examples).
Peculiarities of perception of environmental risks in conditions of economic crisis.
Studying the problem of pollution of the urban environment by household waste (using the example of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region).
Dependence of bronchial asthma attacks on industrial air pollution in the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
My view on the problem of homeless animals in the city of Yekaterinburg or the cities of the region and ways to solve it.
Assessment of the state of the visual environment of the city of Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region.
The influence of the conditions of urbanized Yekaterinburg on the state of the cardiovascular system of students.
Mental performance and physiological adaptations of students to the vocational training system at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Vitamin C in the diet of the indigenous and visiting population of Yekaterinburg.
Studying the effect of emissions road transport for the linear growth of pine in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Study of the ecological environment of a residential premises (using a specific example).
Influence external factors for seed germination (using the example of flower seeds).
The influence of computer addiction on the performance of students at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College.
Study of the influence of the visual environment on human health in the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Studying the attitude of college students to smoking and the harmful effects of tobacco products on living organisms (at the Sverdlovsk Regional Medical College).
Assessment of the sustainability of trees and shrubs in green spaces in residential areas of the city of Yekaterinburg or cities in the region.
Linden as a bioindicator of environmental pollution in Yekaterinburg and regional cities.

0 Environmental project

"MY WORLD WITHOUT GARBAGE"

1. Introduction. Justification of the problem and need that has arisen.

2. Main part.

2.1 Monitoring

2.2 Research and development of ideas.

2.4 Implementation stages

3. Evaluation of the work done. Self-control.

4. Presentation.

5. Applications:

Photos.

6. Literature used.

INTRODUCTION

Throughout the history of human civilization, the social standard of living of society was determined by the production of consumer goods - from necessary food products, dishes, furniture, housing and to a variety of Vehicle and modern household appliances. The growth of consumer goods is accompanied by an increase in the amount of household waste. The problem of accumulation and the need to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW) due to contamination of the territory is especially acute in large cities, including Karaganda. The above determined the theme of the project: “My world is without garbage!”

The relevance of research is associated with the need to reduce the amount of garbage in the city and its surroundings, since high pollution leads to disruption of the ecological balance.

Problem: an increase in the amount of garbage in the city and its surroundings can lead to a deterioration in the health of Karaganda residents due to negative influence waste on the environment (air, soil, water pollution in the Nura River, Fedorovskoye Reservoir).

Object of study: the condition of authorized and unauthorized waste accumulation sites in the school district, as well as the surrounding area.

Subject of study: creating conditions to ensure cleanliness on city streets and optimal waste disposal.

Goal: study the impact of waste on human life and the environment.

Hypothesis: the solution to the pollution problem will be carried out more effectively in comparison with existing practice if

provide a larger number of authorized trash cans, clean the area around them, and carry out timely garbage removal;

sort waste for disposal or recycling;

purposefully conduct educational work among students about the need to maintain cleanliness on city streets, recreational areas outside the city, beaches, etc.

Tasks:

1. Show the variety of household, construction and industrial waste found in city landfills, its harmful impact on the environment.

2. Consider the problem of waste disposal.

3. Contribute to solving the problem of street pollution in the city of Karaganda.

The amount of accumulated garbage is constantly growing.

The analysis shows that the bulk falls on the share of organic components (75–80%), in recent years the share of packaging materials made of paper, cardboard and polyethylene has increased significantly, which is associated with the filling of the market with imported products.

From the history of the fight against garbage.

1810 - the tin can was invented in England.

1874 year - first organized waste burning in England.

1897 - The first waste sorting and recycling center was opened in New York.

1912 - Cellophane is invented.

1932 - garbage compacting machines were invented in the USA.

1992 - an international forum in Rio de Janeiro named waste disposal one of the main problems of the Earth.

Excursion into history:

200 thousand years BC - the first garbage heaps of animal bones and fragments of stone tools.

400 BC - the first ever organized landfill in Athens.

1775 - First rubbish bins in London.

1880 - pigs on the streets of New York to combat garbage.

Observing the removal of garbage, we determined its composition:

disposable tableware (large quantities)

plastic bags

plastic bottles

plastic toys

soft toys (rag)

cans

bottles, jars (glass)

outerwear

bricks, construction waste

books, magazines

cast iron plates

broken chairs, stools, other furniture

pencils, pens

batteries, accumulator.

The garbage is not sorted, its location is not fenced, landfills often burn, and they lack a collection, cleaning and filtration system. Toxic waste has been disposed of in landfills. And places where household waste is buried have become a breeding ground for rodents and insects.

Speaking about waste disposal, it is interesting to note that incineration can reduce the volume of waste by 2–10 times; use heat from combustion for heating purposes (according to experts, burning 5 tons of solid waste is equivalent to burning 1 ton of standard fuel); reduce waste contamination of water and soil. However, this destroys the valuable components contained in the waste; Quite a lot of ash and slag waste is generated (up to 25%), which must be buried in landfills; the atmosphere is polluted. The scale of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere with smoke from waste incineration plants around the world exceeds volcanic activity.

The most serious problem that arises when burning unsorted solid waste is the release of toxic substances when burning plastic, polyethylene and other polymer materials, especially polyvinyl chloride (these materials are present in such beautiful and harmless at first glance things as glossy covers of notebooks, magazines and books, packaging of industrial goods, toys). The most dangerous of the resulting substances are dioxins (organochlorine compounds that do not decompose for 10–15 years, a strong mutagen and carcinogen, one of the strongest synthetic poisons, a dose of 10–6 g is lethal to humans). Paper itself and natural fabrics, which are based on natural materials, in particular cellulose, are harmless, but the paint applied to them releases harmful substances into the atmosphere when burned.

On the territory of our city there are many practically unequipped garbage dumps. The number of unauthorized landfills is unknown.

In landfills, garbage is often set on fire to reduce its volume and extend the life of the landfill. Combustion is bad, accompanied by smoke and stench, and it also contributes to the formation of dangerous chemicals (including dioxins) due to the presence of polymers, all kinds of chemicals and other materials. As a result, the air is polluted, harmful substances penetrate into underground aquifers, and pollutants are often washed off on the surface. Buried garbage undergoes anaerobic decomposition, which leads to the formation of biogas, 2/3 consisting of methane, which, spreading in the soil, has a detrimental effect on plant roots.

The construction and operation of waste incineration plants (WIPs) are very expensive activities.

Deadlines for waste decomposition.

How long is waste stored?

Very often, walking through a park or forest, we are saddened to see garbage. We meet it, get upset and leave it lying in the same place, often because the thought comes: “Nothing, the rain will wash it away, rot, and basically go somewhere.” For clarity on this issue and greater determination for those who want to do their part in the fight against garbage, we suggest studying this table:

Types of garbage	Decomposition time
Food waste	From 10 days to 1 month
Newsprint	From 1 month to 1 year
Carton boxes

Wooden boards
Iron fittings
Iron cans
Old shoes
Fragments of brick, concrete
Car Batteries

Can
Electric batteries
Rubber tires	More than 100 years
Plastic bottles	More than 100 years
Polyethylene film
Aluminum cans
	More than 1000 years

2. MAIN PART

2.1 MONITORING.

We decided to find out the opinion on this issue from the students of our school.

A QUESTIONNAIRE for students has been developed (see appendix).

“WASTE TO INCOME! »

2.2. STAGES OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION.

Our classmates helped us in implementing the project.

1. Students in the class answered the questionnaire.

2. We walked around the school district, where we marked dump sites and authorized trash cans.

It turned out there were 3 official, equipped trash cans near the school; of course, there were places where garbage had been dumped.

Near the village "Kuanysh" there are 3 official, equipped trash cans,

We conclude that there are clearly not enough garbage cans.

3. While on duty, students noted the amount of garbage in the classrooms during one school day.

4. We worked with scientific literature and materials from the Internet to find a solution to this problem in other regions and countries.

Research and development of ideas.

Solid waste disposal sites, called sanitary landfills in the West, are complex engineering structures and are equipped using special technology. The bottom of the landfill, which has a slight slope, is lined with durable polyethylene film. The daily poured layer of waste is leveled and compacted with special rollers, then covered with a layer of sand or clay, leveled and compacted, again covered with a layer of film. And so every day. At the bottom of the landfill there is a collection of filterable liquids, which are regularly taken out for processing. After filling the landfill to zero level, reclamation is carried out - backfilling with a layer of sand and soil, planting grass and plants and other necessary work.

The waste is sorted and sent depending on its content to various landfills. In recent years, after sorting waste, they began to press it into briquettes with a significant reduction in volume (5–10 times). There is practically no soil subsidence at such landfills; In the USA, England and other countries, it is customary to arrange sites for widespread national game- golf.

These are waste sorting tanks that already exist abroad.

And they could be like this, for example, in our country, city.

Biotechnologies for solid waste recycling are used everywhere on a small scale (with the exception of France, Sweden, and the Netherlands). Composting is a biochemical process of decomposition of the organic part of solid waste by microorganisms. Naturally, composting must be preceded by careful sorting of solid waste. Compost does not contain very large amounts nutrients Compared to other types of fertilizers, however, it helps improve soil structure. Its main disadvantage is the presence of elements such as lead, zinc, copper, etc., which pollute the soil.

Way to solve the problem:

Recycling (reuse) of solid waste

Also in last century-D. I. Mendeleev wrote: “The main goal of progressive technology is to find a way to produce something useful from waste.”

The environmental safety of solid waste disposal requires their preliminary sorting, which determines the efficiency of solid waste processing and the cost recovery for the construction of processing facilities. It is the sorting of solid waste that allows them to be reused.

In the first case, we are talking about reusable containers, primarily glass. Practice shows that in addition to reducing the consumption of raw materials, we have significant savings in electricity, and therefore in fuel for its production. Washing a bottle requires less energy than melting it and making a new bottle from the resulting material (note that the energy consumption for producing a bottle from recycled materials is less than from primary).

The need to reuse household waste was discussed even before there was general interest in the ecology of the planet. Recycling of used products and reuse of glass containers peaked in developed European countries in the early 1990s.

2.3 Research methods

During the implementation of this project we used

methods: visual observations;

photography;

statistical;

graphic;

3. Evaluation of the work done.

Self-control

Positive ratings.

We began to live by the rule: “Clean where there is no litter!” We began to consciously monitor cleanliness and order.

We developed our artistic abilities, observation skills,

ability to work with additional literature and a computer.

Our speeches made us think about this problem and developed active life position. We helped maintain cleanliness in the classroom throughout the school.

We have become a more united group.

PRESENTATION.

Our presentation allows you to colorfully and clearly highlight important environmental problem environmental pollution.

Can be used in ecology lessons, as well as by class teachers for classroom teaching (see appendix).

Conclusion.

So far, humanity has come up with three fundamentally different ways to dispose of waste: organizing landfills, recycling waste and burning it. However, none of them can be considered absolutely acceptable.

Recycling waste is the most resource-saving way, but it is not always profitable, both economically and environmentally. Taking waste to a landfill is the cheapest, but also the most short-sighted way to dispose of it. He is short-sighted primarily because garbage remains garbage.

Landfills (especially around large cities) occupy huge areas. Toxic substances that end up in landfills (in used batteries, accumulators, thermometers, etc., as well as in rotting food waste and decomposing plastics) penetrate into groundwater, which is often used as a source of drinking water, are dispersed by winds throughout the surrounding area and thereby causing damage to the environment. In addition, as a result of rotting processes without air access, various gases are formed (methane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, phosphide), which also do not refresh the atmosphere around the landfill. Some rotting products (primarily diphosphine Р2H4) are capable of self-ignition, so fires regularly occur in landfills, during which soot, phenol, and benzopyrene are released into the atmosphere (contained in coal tar, tobacco smoke, the air of large cities, soil; carcinogenic) and other toxic substances.

We see the following ways to solve Karaganda's problems with garbage.

1. Conduct explanatory work with the population under the slogan “Clean where they don’t litter!”

2. Elimination of waste in unauthorized landfills within the city and suburbs.

3. Control by the city administration over the process of garbage removal to the designated location. Setting fines for violations.

4. Accelerate the construction and launch of waste processing plants, introduce waste sorting for recycling (waste paper, glass containers, scrap metal, etc.)

5. Increase the number of garbage containers or the frequency of arrivals of garbage trucks.

By reducing the volume of garbage, we will reduce the problem!

The solution to the garbage problem is guaranteed health for everyone!

A city without GARBAGE – a clear conscience – good health!

We want to see our hometown only like this: http://www.bankr eferatov.ru/refb ank.nsf/M/2FD2BE 1F7E78ED46C32568 2E00261D0C -Environmental problems

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

PRIMARY SCHOOL No. 13

Zheleznodorozhny urban district, Moscow region

__________________________________________________________________

st. Novaya, 34 8-495- 527-55-37

ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT

"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER"

Nomination "Global Ecology"

Ganina Natalya

4th grade students

MBOU NSH No. 13

Project Manager:

Anisimova Valentina Alekseevna

(social teacher)

Zheleznodorozhny

2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction.

Forest areas.

Animal world.

Air space.

Water.

The soil.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

Introduction

Relevance of the problem

More and more often we hear and pronounce the word “ecology”. Science is complex, important and necessary. The science is relevant. Ecology is the science of relationships in nature, of man’s relationship to the environment. The Earth's wealth is being depleted faster than it is being restored.

The natural resources that we had in abundance not so long ago are being depleted. Nature cannot heal its wounds indefinitely. It's possible that another mammal, another bird, or another plant has disappeared from the face of the Earth in recent weeks. Let's remember that every animal or plant is unique.

Objective of the project:

Drawing the attention of others to an environmental problem;

Broadening one's horizons in the system of environmental knowledge and ideas (intellectual development);

Development aesthetic feelings(the ability to see and feel the beauty of nature, admire it, desire to preserve it);

Project objectives:

Learn to observe objects of living and inanimate nature.

Develop the ability to draw conclusions by establishing cause-and-effect relationships between natural objects.

Develop skills for environmentally friendly behavior in nature;

To cultivate a sense of empathy and desire to help natural objects in need: plants, insects, animals, birds, humans.

Implementation stages

Preparatory stage

Setting goals and objectives, determining directions, objects and methods.

Research stage

Finding answers to the questions posed in different ways.

Generalizing

Generalization of the results of the work in the most various forms, their analysis, consolidation of acquired knowledge, formulation of conclusions and, if possible, drawing up recommendations.

Project result

Ecological culture is understood as a holistic system that includes a number of elements:
- system of environmental knowledge;
- culture of feelings (sympathy, empathy, sense of patriotism);

A culture of environmentally educated behavior.

As a result of working on the project, we expect:

increasing environmental and cultural awareness;

acquiring the skills to pose and solve problems, anticipate situations, and make informed conclusions about the state of the environment;

making every person's contribution to environmental protection.

Woodlands

Russia is one of the leading countries in the world in terms of forest reserves. The forest area in the Russian Federation exceeds 1180 million hectares.

Do you know?

Forests play an important role in water purification. The fact is that the root system of trees creates soil conditions that purify groundwater, making it truly clean and natural. Taking care of trees means taking care of water for our descendants. And one of the goals of Rodniki Rossii is precisely to show concern for future generations of Russians.

The role of forests in the natural complex and economic activity difficult to overestimate. Over the past 20-25 years, the state of forest resources has been continuously deteriorating, and the situation with forest use has become increasingly aggravated. Government officials are doing everything to preserve and increase the forests of the region. But malicious violators destroy trees.

Each of us can contribute to the conservation of trees.

So, in October, our school held a competition “Let's save nature together!”, Students, teachers and parents planted trees. Interesting and useful.

Animal world

The role of animals in the biosphere and human life is extremely great.

The diversity of animal species in itself is beneficial for humans. They serve as sources of food, technical and medicinal raw materials, and guardians of the genetic fund for improving breeds of domestic animals.

From year to year, scientists record a decline in the number and extinction of animals for the following reasons:

Habitat disturbance;

Overharvesting, fishing in prohibited areas;

Direct destruction to protect products;

Accidental (unintentional) destruction;

Environmental pollution.

The protection of animals is, first of all, the protection of their habitats.

My call: do not destroy birds’ nests, do not pollute nature, treat it with care!

Water

Water is a constant, inseparable companion of a person throughout his life. It is more valuable than oil, gas, coal, iron, since water is irreplaceable. It plays a decisive role in a person's life.

"Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described, they enjoy you without believing that you exist. It cannot be said that you are necessary for life, you are life itself. You fill us with joy that cannot be explained by our feelings, with you the strength to which we have already said goodbye returns to us. You are the greatest wealth in the world!”

(Antoine de Saint-Exupery).

We, people, do not perceive this value: the waters of rivers, lakes, seas and oceans are polluted every day. Unscrupulous enterprises dump their waste into water. It is necessary to strictly monitor their work in the field of environmental protection!

Many years ago, Cook (a navigator) found lumps of fuel oil in the ocean, the largest ones were the size of potatoes! But what about the inhabitants of reservoirs? They get a lot too!

Each of us can do our part to protect the environment - don't throw trash! Especially near a pond!

The soil

You know that the Moscow region has a number of mineral resources. In the first place among them in terms of reserves and use is peat, there are also various clays, there are many deposits of limestone rocks in the Moscow region, there is brown coal and iron ore.

So, we see that although the Moscow land is not very rich in minerals and ores, there is material in its depths for construction and for crafts, and even for decoration. You just need to take care of nature.

The soil is destroyed due to improper mining, the use of fertilizers, and water and air pollution.

Soil protection is critical global problem today.

Air space

Our planet is shrouded in a continuous thick layer of atmosphere, which consists of a mixture of gases, water vapor, drops of moisture, and ice crystals. The thickness of the atmosphere is approximately 20 thousand kilometers.

The atmosphere is the “clothing” for our planet. It protects the Earth from overheating and cooling, protects all living things.

90% of air pollutants come from the combustion of fuels in power plants, factories (smoke emissions) and in car engines.

Air pollution has harmful effects on living organisms.

Trying to solve this problem, people install filters in factories, invent gas-powered cars, and plant trees.

Each of us can contribute, for example, by planting a tree. Tree leaves purify the air.

Conclusion

Planet Earth is a common home for all people. Only prudent management and wise use of its wealth can ensure the well-being and safety of the inhabitants of our planet!

"LET'S SAVE NATURE TOGETHER!"

Bibliography

For students

Great encyclopedia animal world. M.: JSC "ROSMEN-PRESS", 2007.

I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Plants./Comp. L.A. Bagrova - M.: TKO "AST", 1995.

I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia: Animals./Comp. ETC. Lyakhov-M.: TKO "AST", 1999