State budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten No. 000
combined species Frunzensky district
Health-saving project “Healthy”
(teacher of the highest qualification category)
2015
St. Petersburg
As part of innovative work on the topic:
“Improving the system of children and creating a healthy lifestyle for pupils, protecting and promoting health through the implementation of health-saving and health-developing technologies in a kindergarten, within the framework of the “Healthy” project
Head of the State Budgetary Educational Institution: , honorary worker of general education
Justification of the problem:
“I am not afraid to repeat again and again: caring for health is the most important work of a teacher. Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, self-confidence"
(Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky)
Project hypothesis:
Health is one of the main values in life!
If we establish close effective cooperation between teachers and families by involving parents in project activities to protect the health of preschoolers, then interaction will contribute to positive results in preserving and strengthening the health and physical development of children, introducing children and adults to a healthy lifestyle.
Caring for the health of children and adults has become a priority all over the world, since any country needs creative, harmoniously developed, active and healthy individuals. Today it is important for us, adults, to form and maintain an interest in health improvement, both for ourselves and for our children.
Project goal:
Formation of the basis of a healthy lifestyle in preschoolers, achieving conscious implementation of the rules of health conservation and a responsible attitude towards both their own health and the health of others, maintaining and strengthening the health of children, the need for behavioral skills of a healthy lifestyle.
Tasks:
Wellness:
- Organization of a health-preserving and developmental environment that promotes the design of healthy lifestyle options;
Increasing the resistance and protective properties of the child’s body;
- Help maintain a positive psycho-emotional state in children;
- Satisfy children's need for movement.
Educational:
Form ideas about your body, the need to preserve and strengthen your health;
Form and improve vital motor skills (walking, running, climbing, throwing, etc.);
Activate the pedagogical potential of the family in the formation of health values through working with parents to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Educational:
Foster children's interest in physical education;
To instill in children a desire to take care of their health.
Educational:
Develop in children the need for active activity;
Develop the need to perform special preventive exercises and games in classes and in everyday life;
Promote the development of self-control and self-esteem in the organizing process different forms motor activity;
Promote the development of positive emotions, the ability to communicate with peers, mutual understanding and empathy.
Corrective:
Promote the formation of a harmonious physique. correct posture and foot (prevention of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, vision, colds).
Gaming:
Encourage motor creativity and varied play activities in children.
To develop the ability to follow the rules of outdoor games, showing resourcefulness, endurance, dexterity and independence.
Project participants:
Children preschool age.
Preschool teachers
Parents.
Doctor and nurse.
Head of the institution.
Senior teacher.
Physical development instructor.
Psychologist.
Project support:
Physical education development center;
Gym, trampoline;
Swimming pool, dry pool;
Two sports grounds on the territory of the preschool educational institution;
Physical education equipment and sports equipment;
Methodological tools (card files, notes, scripts, projects, etc.)
Expected results:
For children:
Increasing children's interest in physical exercise and sports;
Increasing emotional, psychological, physical well-being.
Formation of hygienic culture.
Improvement of somatic health indicators.
Availability of needs for a healthy lifestyle and opportunities to provide it.
For parents:
Increasing parents' interest in a healthy lifestyle;
Increasing competence in the field of health-preserving work.
Preserving and strengthening children's health.
Physical and psychological readiness of children for school.
For teachers:
Improving the professional skills of teachers in health conservation;
Introduction of health technologies of modern forms and new methods of work to create a healthy lifestyle in preschool children.
Personal and professional growth.
Self-realization.
Stages of work:
1.Preparatory:
Drawing up questionnaires for parents;
Drawing up a long-term plan of events for children, parents, teachers;
Development of scenarios for holidays and events;
Selection of the necessary material for holidays and events.
2.Basic:
3.Final:
Project design;
Processing survey results;
Presentation about the work done.
A special feature of the project is a unified educational space created on the basis of trusting partnerships between preschool employees and parents. This is the key to successful work with children.
Our work does not aim to achieve high results in a short period of time. The main thing is to help children express their own potential, so that when they grow up, they are ready to lead healthy image life, your health and the health of others.
Business game for teachers.
"What do you know about health"
Purpose of the game: to find out the teachers’ knowledge of physical education methods and methods of improving children’s health. Develop the ability to solve pedagogical situations. Improve communication skills with colleagues.
Rules of the game: All participants are divided into 2 teams, each team chooses a captain. Preparation time for the competition: 1-2 minutes. The jury evaluates each competition and sums up the overall result.
Progress of the game:
Competition 1: "Greetings"
Come up with a team name and motto, greetings and wishes to the opposing team. Maximum score - 3 points.
Competition 2: “Warm-up”
Do finger gymnastics with your team. Maximum score - 3 points.
Competition 3: Blitz - game.
Teams take turns giving one answer to each question:
List exercises to develop correct posture in children;
Name exercises to prevent flat feet in children;
List breathing exercises for children;
Name relaxation exercises.
Score: 1 point for the correct answer, points are summed up.
Competition 4: Professionals.
Practical situations are offered to the teams for discussion. The maximum score is 3 points for each situation.
/. Valya’s mother often complains to the doctor that her daughter is sick.
It feels a little drafty and she starts coughing. In winter, all the children are on sleds, but mine sits at home, pale, with a runny nose. Why are some children not afraid of colds, but mine gets sick every now and then? They advise: you need to toughen up the child. And we have no time for hardening! Let the healthy ones be hardened!
Is mom right? How can you improve the health of a weakened child?
II. Five-year-old Vitalik, appearing in the morning kindergarten, immediately starts running around. It is difficult to switch his quiet activities. And if, obeying the teacher’s demands, he begins to play with the children, then a quarrel breaks out, which often ends in tears. This is how he started behaving recently. In a conversation with the father, it turns out that after moving to a new apartment, the parents are forced to take their son on the bus to kindergarten for a long time. “So the child is getting tired,” the teacher suggests.
No, this cannot be. After all, he sits all the way,” the father objects. - If I were tired, I wouldn’t start a fuss when I came to kindergarten!
Is the father right? Can a child get tired of being in a monotonous position for a long time? Why?
Competition 5: Connoisseurs.
Teams are asked to answer questions; the team that gives the most complete and correct answer wins. Maximum score - 3 points.
List methods for improving the health of children;
Name the forms of physical activity of children during the day;
Name the rules of healthy eating.
Competition 6: Tasks for captains.
the captain conducts an outdoor game with the rival team, one of the main tasks of which is to educate children: - endurance; - courage. Maximum score - 3 points.
Competition 7: Let's play!
Teams demonstrate elements of games that treat: - with sand; - with water. Maximum score - 3 points.
The jury sums up the overall result.
Consultation for teachers
Age characteristics of preschool children.
Preschool age is the most favorable for acquiring vital knowledge, skills and abilities. It is at this time that the foundations of a person’s future health, performance, and mental health are laid.
Preschool age (3-7 years) is characterized by significant dynamics in indicators that characterize the physical and motor development of a child. Skeletal and muscle mass is growing at a rapid pace. The mental characteristics of children of this age determine the advisability of short-term but often repeated activities of varied, mainly playful content. Overload of the body associated with power tension and general fatigue is unacceptable.
In early preschool age (3-4 years), conditions are created for the child to master many types of simple movements, actions and hardening procedures.
At 5-6 years old (senior preschool age), new types of physical exercises are being mastered, we increase the level of physical abilities, and stimulate participation in group games and competitions with peers.
Hardening becomes a habitual element of the daily routine. It should be taken into account that in preschool age higher nervous activity is still characterized by instability of the basic nervous processes. Therefore, one should not count on a child of this age to firmly master complex motor skills and actions.
However, attention should be paid special attention mastering and improving new types of movements - fingers and hands, dexterity. Dexterity develops when moving with changes in direction of walking and running, in exercises with objects, especially with a ball, and playing with cubes and plasticine.
It should be noted that the 5th year of life is critical for many parameters of the child’s physical health. During this period, there is a weakening of some parts of the muscular system and articular ligaments. The consequence of this may be poor posture, flat feet, curvature of the lower limbs, flattening of the chest or its deformation, a bulging and saggy abdomen. All this makes breathing difficult. Properly organized physical activity of children, regular and properly structured physical exercises can prevent the development of these disorders.
In the 6th year of life, increasing attention should be paid, against the backdrop of versatile physical improvement, to the special development of individual physical qualities and abilities. The main task during this period is to lay a solid foundation for the intensification of physical education in subsequent years. The difference between this stage and the previous one is the increased emphasis on the development of physical qualities - mainly endurance and speed. However, this is not an end in itself.
The task of such classes is, first of all, to prepare the child’s body, control movements and their energy supply, as well as prepare the psyche for the upcoming significant increase in mental and physical stress in the near future in connection with the start of school. As for strength qualities, we are only talking about cultivating the ability to exhibit minor tensions for a sufficiently long time and accurately dose muscle efforts. Your child should not be offered exercises with weights, with the exception of throwing. At the same time, the mass of projectiles thrown should not exceed 100-150 g.
The general physical potential of a 6-year-old child increases so much that endurance exercises can be included in the training program: jogging for 5-7 minutes, long walks, skiing, cycling. The total time is 30-35 minutes.
By the time a child enters school, he must have a certain level of development of motor qualities and skills, which are the somatic basis of “school maturity”, since they are based on a certain foundation of physiological reserves of functions. Indicators of physical fitness are, in fact, indicators of “physical maturity” for children to enter school.
Abstract to the project “Healthy”
Target:
Modernization and development in kindergarten of a unified health-preserving environment that ensures the formation of valeological culture among all subjects of the educational space based on the use of modern innovative methods and educational technologies and effective use human resource potential of kindergarten specialists.
Tasks:
1. Implementation of a set of measures to improve the system of children’s health and the formation of a healthy lifestyle for pupils, the protection and promotion of health through the implementation of health-saving and health-developing technologies in a kindergarten.
2. Formation of a conscious understanding of a healthy lifestyle and attitude towards one’s health among all participants in the educational process.
3. Providing qualified monitoring of the health and development of children, taking into account modern scientific approaches, assessing the impact of health technologies on the child’s body.
4.Creation of a comprehensive system for promoting physical, psychosocial and spiritual development, as well as prevention, correction and rehabilitation of children’s health problems using advanced healing techniques.
5.Creation in kindergarten of optimal conditions for the upbringing, training and development of children, taking into account personal characteristics.
6. Strengthening the material and technical base of the kindergarten, including health, physical education and sports equipment and living conditions.
Legislative and regulatory documents:
1. Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated January 1, 2001.
2. Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, content and organization of the operating mode in preschool organizations. San PiN 2.4.1.3049-13
3. Charter of the educational institution.
Expected results:
1. Awareness by children and adults of the concept of “health”, mastering the skills of self-healing and a healthy lifestyle.
2. Decrease in the incidence of children.
3. Preparing a healthy generation for adulthood.
Basic principles:
-scientific- use of scientifically based and proven programs, technologies and techniques;
-availability- use of health-saving technologies in accordance with the age characteristics of children;
-activity and consciousness- participation of the entire team of teachers, specialists and parents in the search effective methods improving the health of preschool children, conscious understanding and attitude of children to health;
-unity of diagnosis and correction- correct interpretation of the results of medical, pedagogical, psychophysical diagnostics; planning methods, methods and techniques for correcting development and recovery based on the data obtained;
-systematic and focused- medical and pedagogical influence on nosological forms of diseases, maintaining connections between adult categories;
-complexity and integrativeness- solving health problems in the system of educational process and all
From the experience of a teacher primary classes. Health is an invaluable asset not only for every person, but also for the entire society. IN lately The catastrophic deterioration in the health of students is becoming more obvious. Along with unfavorable social and environmental factors, the negative impact of school on children’s health is also recognized as a reason.
Download:
Preview:
state budgetary educational institution of the Samara region
main secondary school village Ilyichevsky
Alekseevsky municipal district, Samara region
Pedagogical project
“Use of health-saving technologies
In elementary school"
(from work experience)
Petrochenko Svetlana Ivanovna
primary school teacher
GBOU OOSH village. Ilyichevsky
2014
“Caring for health is the most important work of a teacher.
Their spiritual life, worldview, mental development, strength of knowledge, and self-confidence depend on the vital activity and vigor of children...”
A.V. Sukhomlinsky
Relevance of the project
Health is an invaluable asset not only for every person, but also for the entire society. Recently, the catastrophic deterioration in the health of students has become more obvious. Along with unfavorable social and environmental factors, the negative impact of school on children’s health is also recognized as a reason.
A person spends many years within the walls of educational institutions, and therefore a value-based attitude towards health cannot be formed without the participation of teachers. For a long time, our education did not pay due attention to the preservation, strengthening and development of health, avoided assessing the impact of the pedagogical process on the mental state of students, and did not consider educational technologies from the point of view of a health-preserving orientation. IN best case scenario it all came down to sporting events and health-improving holidays during the holidays.
With the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards
The idea of preserving the health of students has acquired the status of a priority; this is the red thread of the national project “Education”, the presidential initiative “Our New School”.
Problem
Numerous studies in recent years show that about 25–30% of children entering 1st grade have certain health problems. But the “school factor” is the most significant factor in terms of influence and duration that influences the health of children. Currently, the earlier start of systematic training and significant intensification of the educational process have led to an increase in the educational load on the functional capabilities of the children's body.
During the period of schooling, the number of healthy children decreases by 4 times, the number of myopic children increases from 1st grade to graduation from 3.9% to 12.3%, with neuropsychic disorders - from 5.6% to 16.4%, posture disorders from 1.9% to 16.8%. One of the most common pathologies in schoolchildren is impaired visual acuity.
Practice has revealed: judging by statistics, only a small part of school graduates are considered healthy. Thus, every teacher must take into account that a child present at a lesson in a regular school, as a rule, is not healthy.
The main goal of health-saving technologies is to preserve and strengthen the health of students, as the most important factor in the performance and development of the child’s body.
Preparing a child for a healthy lifestyle based on health-saving technologies should become priority direction in the activities of a teacher working with children of primary school age.
The main problem, in my opinion, is that children do not move much. 3 hours of physical education lessons do not save students from low physical activity in other lessons. Eye fatigue, strain on vision, resulting in headache and dizziness.
Having analyzed the causes of school illnesses, I came to the conclusion that it is necessary to solve these problems in the field of health conservation in a comprehensive manner.
Target : creating conditions for preserving and strengthening the health of students during the period of increasing psychological and physical activity on the child's body.
This is where the main tasks which I put in my work:
- provide the student with opportunities to maintain health during the period of study at school;
- reduce the morbidity rate among students;
- maintain the efficiency of students in the classroom;
- to develop in students knowledge, skills and abilities on a healthy lifestyle.
Expected results
- positive dynamics of the health status of younger schoolchildren, a decrease in morbidity;
- increasing interest in sporting events, motivation for physical activity;
- valeological awareness of students;
- increasing the number of students involved in sports sections;
- increasing the level of independence and activity of schoolchildren;
- increasing the priority of a healthy lifestyle.
Resources
IN progress of the project I attract physical education teacher, medical assistant at the first aid station. Children undergo an annual medical examination at school. In my classes I follow the recommendations of doctors. I conduct classes in the classroom, school gym, and school playground. During classes I use balls, jump ropes and other sports equipment. During lessons and extracurricular activities I use an interactive whiteboard, laptops, and multimedia resources.
Project participants
By number of participants: 10 students, primary school teacher,
Parents of students, physical education teacher, paramedic at FAP
Duration: long-term
Project Implementation Plan
Organizational stage
To achieve the goal and solve the set tasks, I studied the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education, the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Personality Education of a Russian Citizen, the main issues in health-saving areas:
- Organization of a lesson in conditions of health-saving technology.
- Gaming health technologies.
- Fun physical exercises in elementary school lessons.
- Work to prevent eye fatigue in the classroom.
- Breathing exercises.
- Formation of healthy lifestyle skills.
- The role of the family in developing a healthy lifestyle in younger schoolchildren.
- The relationship between student morbidity indicators and their organization educational activities in conditions of health-saving pedagogy.
Main stage
While working on the task of creating a health-preserving environment in the classroom, I came to the need to increase the physical activity of children. To accomplish this task, the following sports and recreational activities were introduced. (Appendix 1)
1. Morning exercises.At the beginning of each school week, before classes, we learn a complex of morning exercises. It is performed with musical accompaniment, which helps create a good mood and develop a desire to perform the exercises with pleasure.
2. Game changes.It has been noticed that if after a lesson junior students run out of the classroom in a crowd, this means that they are very tired. Overfatigue in primary schoolchildren manifests itself in physical activity. Dynamic changes help relieve fatigue in a few minutes between lessons. We conduct outdoor games with low and medium mobility right in the corridor in front of the primary school classrooms. In such games plays a big role emotional coloring games. Children not only relax physically, but also receive a charge of positive emotions. (Appendix 2)
3. Health days, which I do once a month. I select different topics that are relevant for the students of this class, the main goal of which is the comprehensive development of the individual against the background of the level of physical culture of the personality of a junior schoolchild available at this age. For example, “Moidodyr has come to us!”, “If you want to be healthy” and others. Children learn poems, take part in quizzes, get to know each other or develop the rules of a healthy lifestyle themselves. As a result, children develop positive motivation to follow these rules.
Instilling personal hygiene skills in schoolchildren plays a major role in preventing a number of diseases. I work systematically to instill these skills in my students. There are orderlies in the classroom who check the condition of children’s hands and nails every morning before classes. Each student has a separate towel rack, soap, toilet paper and, always in a plastic bag, shoes for the dance club. Before lunch, children wash their hands with soap. The drinking regime is also observed. Everyone has their own mug. Children drink chilled, boiled water.
Protecting a schoolchild’s vision should be aimed not only at preventing myopia, but also at curbing its progression.
Medical workers are our frequent guests. They conduct conversations with students different topic. For example, when an extracurricular event “Take care of your eyes” was held, paramedic V.N. Lobina was invited, who held a conversation on the topic “How to maintain good vision?”
The next, in my opinion, important component of health-saving work is the rational organization of the lesson. An indicator of the rational organization of the educational process are:
- Volume of teaching load – number of lessons and their duration, including time spent on homework;
- Load from extra classes at school;
- Active-motor activities: dynamic breaks, physical education lessons, sports events.
I build my lessons taking into account the individual capabilities and abilities of the student, and I use tasks at different levels.
Our school received educational and laboratory equipment in August 2012
and computer equipment according to the programImplementation of a Set of measures to modernize basic general education for the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard in primary school. This equipment was installed in my classroom. I have completed a training course on the use of ICT equipment in the classroom and have a certificate. Lessons began to be conducted using ICT. This is work with an interactive whiteboard, a modular system of experiments PROLog, a control and monitoring system for the quality of knowledge PROClass. The boys are learning how to use laptops. Lessons have become more interesting, and the children have become more independent, inquisitive and active. But the use of ICT equipment puts a lot of strain on the eyes, so I comply with SanPiN standards. We work with an interactive whiteboard or laptops during class for 15 minutes, and be sure to do eye exercises.
The functional state of schoolchildren in the process of learning activities mainly depends on compliance with hygienic and psychological-pedagogical conditions for conducting a lesson. (Appendix 3)
To increase the mental performance of children, prevent premature fatigue and relieve their static muscle tension, I conduct physical education sessions in the classroom. I conduct physical education sessions, taking into account the specifics of the subject, often accompanied by music and other means that help restore operational performance. (Appendix 4)
I include in the exercises for physical education:
- exercises to develop posture,
- strengthening vision,
- strengthening arm muscles,
- spine rest,
- leg exercises,
- relaxation exercises for facial expressions,
- stretching,
- exercises aimed at developing rational breathing
Most primary school students do not know how to breathe properly
during muscular exercise, walking, running, as well as in conditions of relative muscle rest. Improper breathing leads to disruption of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, decreased blood oxygen saturation, and metabolic disorders. That's why I introduce exercises to develop deep breathing, increased exhalation, combined with various movements of the torso and limbs. I also involve physical education teachers in this work.
The exercises performed give stress to muscles that were not loaded during the current activity, and also help to relax the muscles.
In addition, I determine and record the psychological climate in the lesson, provide emotional release, and strictly monitor students’ compliance with correct posture, posture, its compliance with the type of work and alternation during the lesson.
However, it is not only important to know and understand what a teacher should do in the classroom in order to maintain the mental health of students. I realized that the health-preserving focus of work requires deeper and more complex research and concluded that health-preserving education is aimed, first of all, at ensuring the mental health of students. If possible, I often encourage children with a look, a smile, a word, an assessment. Children are not afraid to express their thoughts out loud. I strictly make sure that the child enjoys the information received during the lesson. The state of a child's soul is determined by his facial expression and gait when he goes home.
Health-saving training leads to the prevention of fatigue and fatigue; increasing motivation for educational activities; increase in educational achievements.
It is impossible not to mention that I also involve in the work on health conservation parents. These are joint class activities. Among them are sports and recreational competitions and relay races: “Dad, Mom, Me, Sports Family”, “Meeting with Parents: Comic Fun Starts between Boys and Dads” and others. At parent meetings, she conducted a course of conversations “Health-saving technologies in school and family,” where we also invited paramedic Vera Nikolaevna. Topics such as “About the child’s daily routine in the family”, “Personal hygiene”, “For parents about the health of the schoolchild” were touched upon. Conducted a survey among parents on the following topics:
- “Are you in good shape?”
- “Can your lifestyle be considered healthy?”
- “Does stress happen often in your daily life?”
- “Do you know how to protect your life and health?”
Observations show that the use of health-saving technologies in the educational process allows students to adapt more successfully in the educational and social space.
A healthy lifestyle does not yet occupy first place among human values in our country. But if we demonstrate a healthy lifestyle by personal example, then only in this case can we hope that future generations will be healthier and developed not only personally, intellectually, spiritually, but also physically. If they used to say: “In a healthy body - healthy mind”, then the one who says that without the spiritual cannot be healthy will not be mistaken.
Proper organization of education makes it possible to prevent overload and fatigue in schoolchildren, and also helps children realize the importance of maintaining health.
In conclusion, following the great humanist and teacher J.-J. Rousseau, I would like to say:“To make a child smart and sensible, make him strong and healthy.”
Final stage
By working with this problem, studying and applying health-saving technologies in practice, we can make conclusion . The introduction of health-saving technologies into the educational process allowed me to achieve positive changes in the health of my students.
A certain system of using health-saving technologies in work has emerged. The results of the activity are as follows. Based on student attendance at lessons, the dynamics of morbidity showed: there is no increase in acute respiratory infections compared to last year. 70% of students have never been sick. There were no cases of other diseases. The results of the intermediate diagnostics are reflected in the diagram.
Questionnaire “My health”
Target: identify the attitude of schoolchildren to their health, understanding the importance of physical perfection.
1.Do you often miss classes due to illness?
2. Do you do physical exercises in the morning?
3.Do you regularly attend physical education classes?
4. Do you study in physical education class:
a) with full dedication
b) without desire
c) as long as they don’t scold
5.Do you play sports for a long time?
6. Are there physical exercises in your lessons?
The survey results showed
- often miss classes due to illness – 0%
- do exercises in the morning - 50%
- regularly attend physical education lessons - 100%
- do physical education classes
a) with full dedication - 96%
b) without desire - 4%
c) as long as they don’t scold – 0%
- go in for sports for a long time - 20%
- there are moments in physics lessons - 100%
Project "Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions"
Health-saving technologies are a system of measures that include the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of a child at all stages of his learning and development.
Wellness technologies also include finger exercises, which I want to tell you about, which I use before each lesson:
The tips of the fingers are the second brain. The hand plays an important role in human life throughout his life.
When a person touches something with his hand, he immediately recognizes what it is. The work of the fingers is truly infinitely varied and important for every person. You can touch, take, stroke, squeeze with your fingers... It is impossible to list all the verbs that describe everything that can be done with our hands and fingers.
Systematic exercises for training finger movements, along with a stimulating effect on speech development, are a powerful means of increasing brain performance. Formation verbal speech the child begins when the movements of the fingers reach sufficient accuracy. The development of finger motor skills prepares the ground for the subsequent formation of speech. Since there is a close relationship and interdependence of speech and motor activity, if a child has a speech defect, special attention must be paid to training his fingers.
Thus, the role of stimulus for the development of the central nervous system, all mental processes, and in particular speech, is played by the formation and improvement of fine motor skills of the hand and fingers. Exercises with younger preschoolers must be performed at a slow pace from 3 to 5 times, first with one hand, then with the other, and finally with both hands together. Instructions to the child should be calm, friendly and clear.
In music classes, finger games are most often performed to music - like sing-alongs, songs, accompanied by the display of illustrations, finger or shadow theater. A special place is occupied "finger tales" - familiar to preschoolers - "Mitten" , “Teremok”, “Kolobok” and others are adapted to be shown with hand movements and most often have a poetic form.
Regular inclusion of musical finger games and fairy tales during the lesson:
- stimulates the action of the speech zones of the cerebral cortex of children;
- improves attention and memory;
- forms associative-figurative thinking;
- makes it easier for future schoolchildren to master writing skills.
Finger gymnastics with triangular pencils.
To perform the exercises, you need unsharpened triangular pencils and a roller.
Exercise No. 1 "Stilts"
Using two pencils, depict how they move on stilts:
The man is not bored
Walking along the path
He approached the swamp
And he went over all the bumps.
(you can offer a drawn path. See below)
Exercise No. 2 "Interceptions"
Grasp the pencil with the bent index fingers of your left and right hands
Like clever bugs,
With fingers like hooks,
Let's grab the pencil.
Exercise No. 3 "Dudochka"
Take a large pencil and index fingers and, without helping yourself with the other hand, grab it with your thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, etc.
Fingers don't rest
The pencil is being sorted out,
How they play the pipe.
Exercise #4 "Warming our palms"
Squeeze the roller between your palms while counting from 1 to 5, then, counting from 6 to 10, relax your hands while holding the roller; on the count of 1, squeeze the roller tightly between your palms, on the count of 2, relax your hands, holding the roller. Repeat several times.
Roll a roller or pencil:
palms on the table;
on the table with your fingertips;
between palms:
Pencil, rolled in hands
And we warm our palms.
We ride very fast
We never freeze.
The pressure and rate of rotation should be gradually increased.
Exercise #5 "Collecting logs"
Pick up a pencil or counting stick from the table: with thumb and forefinger, thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger
Brothers help dad
Big brother and little brother
Very clever and skillful
They lift a large load.
with the same fingers of different hands;
with one hand at both ends (counting sticks).
The exercise is performed first with one hand, then with the other, and then with both hands at the same time.
Exercise #6 "Firewood"
It is necessary to collect as many pencils or counting sticks as possible with one hand
The truck brought firewood,
Let's collect them from the yard.
Repeat the exercise with the second hand.
Exercise No. 7 "Woodpecker"
Hold the pencil with your thumb and middle finger and tap it with your index finger.
Woodpecker, woodpecker, knock.
Where are you sitting? Show me
Exercise #8 "Sharpener"
Hold one end of the pencil in your left fist, and twist the other end of the pencil with the fingers of your right hand. You can scroll the pencil with two fingers, changing them. Then change hands:
We take a sharpener
We put a pencil in it.
Ours will be spicy
Blue pencil.
Exercise #9 "Well"
It is necessary to take one of them from a pile of pencils with two fingers so that the others do not move;
It is possible to introduce a game element into the exercise if there are two or more participants who take turns taking out pencils. If the pencils move, the player misses a move. The participant who has the most pencils at the end of the game wins. The final stage of the game can be the construction of a well:
We lay the logs evenly,
We'll build a well
May we always have it.
Very clean water.
or laying out various figures from collected pencils.
Exercise No. 10 "Pendulum" , "Swing"
You need to take the pencil alternately with your thumb and index finger, thumb and middle finger, etc., position it vertically and start swinging - "pendulum"
take the pencil by its middle with your thumb and forefinger and start swinging it - "swing" ;
Exercise No. 11 “Learning to write correctly”
- twirl the pencil with the thumb, middle and index fingers of one hand, then the other, then with both hands at the same time (for children 4 years old);
- put a pencil on your palm and scroll it with all the fingers of your hand, without helping yourself with the other;
- take a triangular pencil, placing your thumb, index and middle fingers on different edges (as when writing). Hold it in this position for a count from 1 to 5, then:
a) alternately lift your fingers from the pencil, counting from 6 to 10;
b) tap the pencil alternately with the index, thumb and middle fingers
I'm learning to hold a pencil
To write letters correctly.
Exercise No. 12 "Caterpillar"
Move the pencil up and down while holding it with three fingers:
The caterpillar crawls up and down -
It won't fall off the branch.
- tap the pencil alternately with your index finger
thumb and middle finger;
- move the pencil up and down, holding it with three fingers;
The exercise is performed first with the leading hand, then with the other, after which
with both hands at the same time.
They are also held in our garden, namely in my practice plastic ballet
Target:
Strengthen children's health and develop their physical qualities.
Tasks:
Promote the development and functional improvement of the respiratory and circulatory organs, cardiovascular and nervous systems of the body, and the musculoskeletal system.
Shape correct posture and strengthen the muscle corset.
Develop flexibility, plasticity, grace and elegance in movements.
Temper the body.
Promote children's creative expression.
It is quite obvious that today the majority of preschool children have problems related to health, and most often with motor development.
In recent years, the number of weakened newborn children has noticeably increased due to injuries to the sixth, lumbar region, as well as traumatic brain injuries received during childbirth. In addition, their muscle load decreases due to objective reasons: children have practically no opportunity to play outdoor games while walking, and some parents are very interested in the intellectual development of the child (computer games, visiting various clubs to prepare for school). This is why preschool children have poor posture.
The physical education system in kindergarten makes it possible to increase interest in physical activities and stimulate physical activity without compromising health.
Currently, due to the alarming trend of deteriorating children's health, there is a need for the successful integration of preventive and health-improving technologies into the educational process of preschool educational institutions.
One of the most important problems in the physical education and health work of preschool educational institutions is the introduction and use of innovative technologies in the process of children’s physical development. The severity of the problem is that many children need special technologies for physical development, which must take into account the whole range of systematic and intellectual problems.
A large burden of physical development falls on physical education classes. But despite this, physical education classes are sometimes not enough to further develop the physical qualities of children. Therefore, it was decided to create a physical development club "Dragonfly" . To organize and carry out the work, pedagogical technology was taken as the basis "Theater of physical education and health improvement for children of preschool and primary school age" N.N. Efimenko. The key points are strict adherence to the laws of nature and a comprehensive gaming method.
The work program presents an unconventional form of work to improve the health of children.
Horizontal plastic ballet is a new system of physical education, sports correction training, health improvement and creative self-expression for children. The work style has enormous positive physical, mental and emotional effects on children. While performing the horizontal plastic ballet program, students seem to be immersed in a special world of movements, music, and images that generate corresponding associations.
The novelty of this physical education and health program lies in the comprehensive solution to health problems. The program provides for the construction of the educational process based on the integration of educational areas
(physical education, health, socialization, communication, cognition, artistic creativity, music) as one of the most important principles for organizing work with preschoolers in accordance with federal state requirements for the structure of the basic educational program preschool education.
The use of the horizontal plastic ballet technique in the physical education and educational work of preschool educational institutions guarantees children the correct development of the functional systems of the body, beautiful posture, an easy gait, and is the prevention of postural disorders.
The technique of this technology is that all exercises are performed in supine - horizontal poses (exercises in a lying position on your back, on your stomach, crawling on your bellies, on medium and high all fours, exercises in a sitting position, on low and high knees). Movements in a standing position are not excluded. Thus, in this form of work, the emphasis is transferred from traditional dance and recreational movements to a horizontal, four-legged vector, a relatively slow, smooth style of movements to music. In horizontal plastic ballet there is natural beauty of movements, grace, completeness, expressiveness. All exercises are accompanied by a text-fairy tale, which allows you to train the body, develop the intellect and form the necessary spiritual qualities in children. The essence of this program is that the teacher, together with the children, using movements and their drawings, show the world around us.
The program provides for the involvement of parents in the educational process through participation in open classes, physical education festivals, and photo reporting organizations.
Plastic ballet "Spring mood" .
Objectives: To promote the development and improvement of organs and body systems of children. Form correct posture. Promote the ability to coordinate movements with music. Promote creative expression. Strengthen knowledge about the world around you.
A recording of birdsong sounds. Then slow, exciting music is turned on, against which the teacher’s words are heard. (the teacher does all the exercises together with the children):
With the onset of spring, nature wakes up. The sun warms up.
A gentle breeze blew. Leaves appear from the swollen buds, soft, juicy grass spreads. Spring flowers admire their beauty and the first rays of the sun.
- "Sleeping Flower". I.p. lying on your back, group.
- "The flower wakes up." I.p. straighten up from the tuck, raise your arms up.
The flower was wondering if there was anyone nearby?
3. "Curiosity." I.p. from a lying position on your back, turn your head to the right - to the left.
And he saw green, lush grass all around, moving slightly from the breath of the spring breeze.
4. “Grass-ant”. I.p. lying on your back, wave-like movements with your arms.
A breath of wind also touched the green leaves of the birch.
5. “Leaves from the bud.” I.p. lying on your stomach, arms forward, bend over.
And suddenly, hearing the sweetish smell of birch leaves, the ants crawled up the tree one after another.
6. "Ants" . I. p. standing on low all fours, crawling one after another.
A worker bee sat down on an open flower.
7. "Working Bee" . I.p. standing on middle all fours, rise to high all fours.
The cockchafer puffed, trying to take off after hibernation.
8. "Chafer bug." I.p. sitting with your back in a circle, rise on your back all fours and sway back and forth.
A butterfly flying past, as if laughing at a clumsy beetle, waved its wings.
9. “Beauty Butterfly.” I.p. sitting on the floor, smooth movements with your arms and legs.
The spring sun saw frolicking insects and decided to tickle them with its rays
10. "Rays." I.p. sitting, legs apart, hands behind you - various swinging movements of the legs.
Suddenly the sun noticed a delicate spring flower that was looking at him, smiled, and the flower extended its petals to him.
11. “Tender look.” I.p. sitting on low knees, stretch your arms forward and up and bend back.
The flower was glad that the sun noticed him, and began to offer his leafy cheeks to him.
12. “Cheeks-leaves.” I.p. standing on high knees, marking time, hands imitating the movements of leaves.
Soaring high in the sky, birds chirp.
13. "Birds" . I.p. standing, slightly spring your legs, arms perform wing movements. Looking at such beauty, I want to collect all the flowers and give them to all the people on earth.
14. “Collecting flowers.” I.p. moving back, spread your arms to the sides and converge in a circle, smoothly crossing your arms and raising them up and to the sides.
Gathering around the flowers in a spring round dance, butterflies, dragonflies, beetles, bees and birds merrily circled, praising spring.
15. "Spring round dance" . I. p. standing in a circle, perform circles with various arm movements.
Fragments of photos of my plastic ballet "Spring mood"
PROJECT
preservation and strengthening
health of preschool children
(for children from 4 to 6 years old)
“We want to be healthy”
for 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 academic years
Group: senior (multi-age)
Educator:
Tarasova Ekaterina Sergeevna
Brief information and summary
1.1. Project goal: Organization of work to preserve and strengthen the mental, physical and social health of children through health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions.
Project objectives.
To achieve the project goals, the following are defined: tasks:
To study modern health-saving technologies, and their main content, principles and directions of use in a modern preschool educational institution.
Create conditions for preserving and strengthening the health of children in preschool educational institutions and families
Develop activities for preschool children and their parents using health-saving technologies.
Develop a card index of health-saving technologies for working with preschoolers.
Describe the model of work of an educational institution to protect children's health in preschool educational institutions.
Create electronic presentations on the topic of health conservation.
Create reminders for teachers of preschool educational institutions and parents of preschool children “Healthy lifestyle” to improve pedagogical competence in the issue of preserving health
To increase parental competence on the issue of preserving and strengthening the health of preschool children through health-saving technologies (hereinafter referred to as HST) in preschool and family settings.
Relevance of the project.
Every person has great opportunities to strengthen and maintain their health, to maintain capacity for work, physical activity and vigor until old age. Most actual problem Today is the preservation and strengthening of children's health.
Sukhomlinsky V.A. wrote: “Physical education should ensure that children have a conscious attitude towards their own body, develop the ability to spare their health, strengthen it with the correct regime of work, rest, nutrition, gymnastics and sports, strengthen physical and nervous strength, and prevent disease...”
Family and kindergarten - those social structures, which mainly strengthen and preserve the health of the child. When entering kindergarten, many children have deviations in physical development: poor posture, excess weight, delay in the development of coordination of movements. Due to the unfavorable environmental situation in the city and constant temperature changes, many of them suffered from ARVI, acute respiratory infections, and influenza 6-7 times before entering kindergarten.
Having analyzed the questionnaire data received in our preschool educational institution, we came to the conclusion that although all parents have secondary (and some higher) education, the level of knowledge and skills in the field of instilling healthy lifestyle habits of most of them is low, and interest in this problem occurs only when their child already requires medical or psychological assistance.
This means that preschool employees need to carry out systematic, comprehensive pedagogical education of parents, including assistance in acquiring practical skills and theoretical knowledge, as well as in disseminating positive family experience in the physical education of children.
From this it is clear how important it is, starting with early childhood, to cultivate in children an active attitude towards their health, an understanding that health is the greatest value given to man by nature. To achieve harmony with nature, you need to learn to take care of your health from childhood. It is very important today to formulate in preschool children the conviction of the need to preserve their health and strengthen it through health-saving technologies and introduction to a healthy lifestyle.
1.2. Expected result:
preserving and strengthening the health of children through FTA in preschool and family settings;
the formation of a sustainable interest in the rules of healthy and safe behavior, the development of the subjective position of children in health-preserving activities;
increasing parental competence on the issue of preserving and strengthening the health of preschool children through FST in preschool and family settings;
increasing the prestige of a preschool educational institution;
the child experiences a state of emotional comfort from his own motor activity and the activities of peers, adults, its successful results, sympathizes with sports defeats and rejoices in sports victories, is happy or upset about the state of his health, the health of others.
1.3. Project execution mechanism
Control over the implementation of the project is carried out by the head of the preschool educational institution and the senior teacher within the limits of their powers and in accordance with the law.
Children and parents actively attend sports sections and mugs.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT.
2.1.
Development object: the process of preserving children's health.
Item: use of health-saving technologies in educational activities.
2.2. Results of the activities of the preschool educational institution.
The main achievements of our preschool educational institution are the following:
Systematic physical education, health and preventive work contributes to stable attendance of children. The dynamics of the decline in the incidence of ARVI and influenza in preschoolers (for the 2016/2017 academic year) is a clear indicator of the effectiveness of the work of the kindergarten team in improving the health of children.
Children's performance of basic movements meets age and program requirements.
Parents actively support the teaching staff and assist the kindergarten in its work to improve the health of their children.
2.3. Innovation potential
Physical education and health program;
2.4. Project development program
| Stages | Tasks | Member activities creative group | Activities of the methodological service of the preschool educational institution | Deadlines |
| Value-based | Definition of the problem (topic) construction of an activity model. | Clarification of available information, discussion of the task, awareness of the motive and purpose of the activity. Reflection. | Design motivation, explanation of the project goal | September |
| Constructive: planning decision making execution | Problem analysis. Identification of information sources. Setting objectives and selecting equipment and criteria for assessing the results of the project. Discussion of alternatives. Choosing the optimal option. Clarification of activity plans Project execution | Formulating tasks, collecting the necessary information, drawing up a work plan for the project. Selection and justification of success criteria. Reflection. Information processing. Synthesis and analysis of ideas. Work on the project, its design. | Observation. | |
| Evaluative-reflective | Analysis of the project’s implementation, the contribution of each participant to the work, and the results achieved. | Participation in collective analysis of the project and self-assessment of activities. Taking into account critical comments. Reflection. | Observation. Coordination of the analysis process, if necessary, adjustment of the project. | |
| Presentative | Preparing the project for defense. Rationale for the design process. Explanation of the results obtained, their evaluation. | Preparing the activity product for presentation. Defense of the project at the republican seminar. Reflection. | Participation in collective analysis and evaluation of the results of general and individual work. | February 2018 |
3. Scientific and methodological support of the project
Alyamovskaya V.G. New approaches to planning educational work in kindergarten. - //Management of preschool educational institutions, N3, 2002, p. 21 – 27.
Borisova, N.N. Organization of health work with children and parents. // Health worker DOU-2010-No. 8-P.62-65.
Gavryuchina, L.V. Health-saving technologies in preschool educational institutions. Methodical manual. - M.: Sphere shopping center, 2010.
Zvereva, O.L. Communication between teachers and parents in preschool educational institutions. - M.: Sphere shopping center, 2009.
Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated November 23, 2009 No. 655 “On the approval and implementation of federal state requirements for the structure of the basic general education program of preschool education” // Preschool Education Management - 2010 - No. 3. - P.51-63.
Ryabysheva, O.I., Lenetskaya, L.A. Health-saving environment of kindergarten // Preschool educational institution management - 2011 - No. 1. - P. 22-25.
Solovyova, I.V. Managerial aspect health-preserving activities // Preschool Education Management - 2011 - No. 1. - P.17-22.
Sokratov N.V. Modern technologies for preserving and strengthening children's health. –M.: Sphere shopping center, 2005.
Stepanenkova, E.Ya. Physical education in kindergarten. – M.: Mozaika-Sintez, 2010.
Shebeko, V. Raising a child as a subject of physical culture and health activities // Preschool education - 2011. - No. 5. – P.28-33.
4. Financial and economic support of the project
The main sources for financial and economic support for the implementation of the project are: funding from the local budget , at the expense of parental payments (purchase of play equipment: construction sets, educational games; equipment for the physical education room: hop balls, rubber balls, basketball hoop, gymnastic sticks, hockey sets, Swedish ladder, hoops and jump ropes, golf sets and etc.); financial and economic support by attracting sponsorship. Issue of leaflets for children and parents about a healthy lifestyle.
Material and technical conditions for the implementation of the project
A medical block has been created: medical and physiotherapy rooms, a sensory room.
In the kindergarten there are music and physical education halls, an environmental room, an art studio, and a Russian hut, in which a subject-development environment has been created for the implementation of the tasks of the physical education and health area.
3. Each group is equipped with physical education corners for children’s daily physical activity and individual work with the child on the development of movements. Models of hardening after daytime sleep and physical education and health activities were adjusted.
4. An “ecological trail” has been created on the territory of the kindergarten, where children relax, environmental holidays are held in a fun way, and entertainment (“Journey to the Land of Health”).
5. Matched methodological material, the following files have been prepared:
Morning exercises in game form
Organization of daily walks for all age groups (in accordance with SanPiN)
Psycho-gymnastics
Finger gymnastics, physical exercises,
Outdoor and didactic games.
Results presentation form
Additional educational programs have been developed at the preschool educational institution:
Physical education and health program
On ecology “Green School”;
Training program “Me and my emotions”;
A series of consultations for parents has been developed “Education of the fundamentals of a healthy lifestyle in children of early and preschool age”
APPLICATIONS
A series of consultations for parents
Formation of cultural and hygienic skills in children
Is cleanliness the key to health? Most of us will answer “yes” and be right. “...Cleanliness brings a person closer to the deity,” noted one European sociologist. The word “hygiene” itself comes from the name of one of the daughters of the Greek healer god Asclepius - Hygeia (goddess of purity and health).
Hygiene skills are a very important part of the culture of behavior. The need for neatness, keeping the face, body, hairstyle, clothes, shoes clean, they are dictated not only by the requirements of hygiene, but also by the norms of human relations. Children should understand that if they regularly follow these rules, then they will show respect for others and will have the idea that a sloppy person who does not know how to take care of himself, his appearance, and actions, as a rule, will not be approved by the people around him. Educating children in personal and public hygiene skills plays a vital role in protecting their health and promotes correct behavior at home and in public places. Ultimately, not only their health, but also the health of other children and adults depends on children’s knowledge and compliance with the necessary hygiene rules and norms of behavior.
In the process of everyday work with children, it is necessary to strive to ensure that following the rules of personal hygiene becomes natural for them, and that hygiene skills are constantly improved with age. At the beginning, children are taught to follow basic rules: wash their hands with soap, lather them until foam forms and wipe them dry, use an individual towel, a comb, a glass for rinsing the mouth, and make sure that all things are kept clean. That's why
Work on developing personal hygiene skills in children should begin in early preschool age.
To instill in children a good habit of washing hands, you can use little rhymes:
Water, water,
Wash my face
To make your eyes sparkle,
To make your cheeks blush,
To make your mouth laugh,
So that the tooth bites.
The cat washed himself without water.
I washed my eyes and mouth with my paw.
But I can’t wash myself like that
Mom might get angry...
V. Naumenko
In the bath.
Vanya loves to swim
In the white sea - in the bath.
It's just a shame -
The shore is not visible.
Visibility is gone
Soap got in my eye...
A. Shlygin
Water and soap
You're dirty!
There's ink on your forehead! –
Water exclaimed,
Seeing Soap.
- Yes, - Soap says, -
I know it
But others from the dirt
I'm saving!
The river has run out of water
Oh, trouble, trouble, trouble -
The river has run out of water!
This is because of Vali:
Valya - washed!!!
V. Shurzhik
The task of adults in the formation of cultural and hygienic skills is to develop self-control when following the rules and norms of personal hygiene. We invite you to learn with your children how to wash their hands correctly.
The responsibility of parents is to constantly reinforce the hygiene skills developed in the child in kindergarten. It is important that adults set an example for the child and always follow them themselves. We hope that our recommendations will help you.
How to dress a child?
Many parents believe that their child should be dressed warmer. Children who are bundled up get sick more often. Movements in themselves warm the body, and the help of “a hundred clothes” is unnecessary. Heat exchange in the body is disrupted, and as a result it overheats. Then even a slight draft is enough to catch a cold.
Many people believe that in order to retain heat, clothing must fit snugly to the body. Paradoxically, the most reliable remedy for cold is air. It turns out that in order to better protect yourself from low temperatures, you need to create a layer of air around the body. Warm but loose clothing is suitable for this. What to wear under a jacket or coat? First, a T-shirt or T-shirt made of cotton, which absorbs sweat well, then a pullover or woolen sweater, loose but snug around the neck and wrists. On your feet - woolen socks and warm boots with fur or boots, but not tight, but such that thumb the legs could easily move inside.
Many people think that in winter it is enough to walk for an hour. There are no strict rules on this matter. It all depends on the child’s temperament and the outside temperature. Children tolerate the cold better if they are fed before a walk - food rich in carbohydrates and fats provides special warmth.
Many people think it’s a disaster if a child’s ears are frozen. IN severe frost, fearing otitis, mothers and grandmothers use a whole arsenal, consisting of scarves, hats with ear flaps, hats - helmets. However, if a child has an ear infection, this does not mean that they are the ones who are hypothermic. Take care to cover the baby's neck and back of the head more tightly - this is where the greatest heat loss occurs.
Prevention of colds
For many years, we have all been amazed by the sad statistics on the incidence of illness in children of preschool and primary school age. Every third child has deviations in physical development. Now the situation has worsened even further: 50–80% of children have various diseases. There are many reasons for this: economic, social, genetic, and medical. One of them is the lack of attention of adults to the health of their child. We, of course, love our child and diligently treat him when he gets sick. In everyday life, we do not use the entire arsenal of means and methods, based on living conditions and children’s activities.
The main reason Most colds in children are caused by the child’s clothes and shoes not matching the temperature. This means that it is always necessary to compare the air temperature and the child’s clothing, avoiding both overheating and hypothermia of the body.
Music therapy and smell therapy are very important for the child’s health, as components in creating the background, the environment where the child lives.
Mode. It has always been and remains the basis for the full physical development of children. It is no coincidence that it has been noticed that on Mondays children come to kindergarten nervous and difficult. Probably because on weekends children move away from their usual routine and live according to the adults’ schedule; they get up late, don’t go out for walks, and go to bed late at night (because of guests). This makes children capricious, because the established stereotype of the child’s body is violated.
Morning exercises. It’s so good when a family has a tradition of doing morning exercises every day.
Walk. Physiologists and psychologists have scientifically proven that a child performs 6–13 thousand movements per day. Moreover, it has been noted that if a child makes less than 6 thousand movements, the child experiences discomfort. In conditions of physical inactivity, the baby develops worse and becomes capricious. Motor comfort for a preschooler is best provided in the fresh air. In inclement weather: rain, snowfall, severe frost - children, as a rule, stay at home. Thus, children are deprived of oxygen and communication with peers. In that case,
We recommend using so-called “room walks” at home. We advise you to conduct them like this: everyone should dress warmly (woolen socks, tracksuit, hat), open the balcony door and actively move and play for 30–40 minutes. And on regular walks, practice hiking and running, as universal means of improving health.
Outdoor games. It's good when parents and children have their favorite outdoor games. Among which may be “lapta”, “third wheel”, “classics”. A child will definitely play if he sees mom and dad, grandparents playing.
Pantomime. Pantomime plays an important role in ensuring children's motor activity.
Sports games. Of course, it’s too early to talk about real sports in preschool age, but various types games with sports elements are quite accessible to children 5-6 years old (and even younger). Children, like food, should have their own sports equipment from an early age. This could be a sled, skis, skates, a rubber circle, a bicycle, badminton rackets or balls, skittles, towns, checkers and chess. Thus, physical culture is a capacious concept. And only through a set of procedures, taking into account the health of children, will we be able to achieve positive results in this primary issue.
If the child is sick...
Diseases are an unpleasant thing, especially for children. But it’s winter on the calendar, which means it’s most likely impossible to avoid numerous colds. Children very often do not like to be treated, therefore, as soon as the first “hot days” are left behind, they demand an immediate end to bed rest, considering it boring and unnecessary. Cheerful and cheerful kids cope with infection much better and recover faster, and some outdoor games not only maintain a good mood, but also know how to heal! The psycho-emotional state of the child plays a positive role in health improvement. If in adults more than 70% of diseases have a psychosomatic basis, i.e. the disease is the body’s reaction to our emotional problems, then children often “respond” with illness to the anxiety and concern of their parents. This is exactly the state parents are in when their children are sick. This negative emotional background interferes with the child’s recovery.
Another feature of a child’s body is the constant growth of organs. Consequently, those muscles to which a stronger blood flow is directed develop more intensively, i.e. to organs in motion. In addition, it is known that the muscular system in early age has a close connection with the main regulatory mechanisms. Restriction of movement negatively affects not only the diseased organ, but also the nervous, endocrine and neurotransmitter systems as a whole. Restriction of movement affects posture, weakening of respiratory and circulatory functions. A decrease in natural motor activity in children leads to a decrease in the flow of irritations that arise during movement and are perceived by the nerve endings of the skin, muscles, joints, in the visual and auditory analyzers, going to the cerebral cortex. As a result, disorders of the central nervous system and internal organs may develop: emotional tone decreases, the neuromuscular system weakens, and the cardiovascular and respiratory systems weaken. This means that the body as a whole is weakened, which leads to more frequent diseases. These observations about the role of movement in human development and health are reflected in an entire field of medicine - exercise therapy. However, the child’s psyche, especially at an early age, is structured in such a way that it is almost impossible to force the child to purposefully perform any task, even the most useful exercises. The child should be interested and engaged. That is why exercises for health improvement and disease prevention are adapted and modified in the form of a game. Games played in the fresh air strengthen the body and strengthen the immune system. It should be remembered that the healing effect of games is possible only with frequent and long-term exercise.
My throat feels sore, my nose starts to run, and two days later a cough appears. This is swelling that affects the nasal mucosa and also affects the bronchi. The child began to have difficulty breathing. And then there is sputum, which the inflamed lymphoid ring of the nasopharynx generously secretes day and night, flows down the bronchial tree. If the child lies down, the mucus stagnates, does not cough up, the microbes multiply in it, and pneumonia is not far away.
But children intuitively feel; no need to lie down. And as soon as the temperature drops, and it can be high for acute respiratory infections for at most a day or two, they immediately begin to jump around in bed. And they do it right. While jumping and running, babies breathe more intensely, resulting in a kind of automassage. At the same time, the bronchi are freed from phlegm, the cough goes away faster and the fidgets are not in danger of complications.
On the first day after the temperature drops, you can start doing therapeutic exercises. Here are exercises for middle preschool children.
"Soldier's step."
Calm walking around the room followed by marching. We raise our legs high, bending at the knees. You need to breathe through your nose and keep your back straight. Execution time – 1 minute.
"Airplane".
Running with your arms spread out to the sides at shoulder level. At the same time, the child makes the sound “oo-oo-oo”. 10-15 seconds before the end of the run, the pace gradually slows down.
"The clock is ticking."
Feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the belt. Tilt to the right - “tick”. Tilt to the left - “so”. The back does not slouch, the words are pronounced loudly. The exercise is performed 4-5 times.
The natural factors surrounding a person: the sun, air and water constantly influence the hardening of the body, and our thermoregulation system turns on when it is hot or cold. Hardening should be considered as natural (the influence of natural factors on a person in everyday life) and specially organized, with the fulfillment of mandatory conditions.
Specially organized hardening, although shorter in dosage, is much more effective in its effect. Air has a powerful effect on humans. From birth to the end of life, we breathe air mainly through our lungs and skin. And our health depends on what the air is like and what temperature it is. If we constantly breathe air at room temperature, then no hardening effect will occur. It is more beneficial to be in the fresh air or in a ventilated area.
You need to sleep in a cool room. Those who sleep at a temperature of 17 - 18 * remain young longer. As people lost contact with nature, people began to lose their health. Previously, peasants worked all the time in nature, women rinsed clothes in an ice hole in winter... All peasant labor was done by the sweat of their brow, with a constant change in the thermal balance in the body - heat and cold. Man walked barefoot on the ground and thereby did not violate biological laws.
The disease of the century is psychological stress. Fight against them: more frequent exposure to the air (dacha, fishing, in the forest). Many of us prefer to stay in the apartment watching TV - the scourge of our health. Having enjoyed nature, a person is charged with positive bioenergy, removes negative mental emotions, and receives the necessary physical training.
Fresh air also helps to quickly recover from colds. Water is an integral source of our life. The more water you take in, the more solids are absorbed. Cold water when applied externally, it produces irritation that is transmitted to the nervous system and then to the circulatory system. Hot water, on the contrary, has a calming and relaxing effect.
The latest scientific evidence suggests that a cold shower provides positive bioenergy, and a hot shower even more so. It is more beneficial to take a cold shower in the morning, and a hot bath or shower in the evening. Cold water treatments have a positive effect on performance, i.e. Charge the body, give vigor and confidence. Even the ancient Greeks believed that “water washes away all suffering.” The most potent are cold procedures with snow, walking in the snow with bare feet, and rubbing with snow. The greater the temperature difference between a heated body and the environment at the time of hardening, the greater the physiological effect we receive. When systematically hardening the body, not only does it become habituated, it adapts the physiological changes in the body, but also much more – the need for systematic repetition. According to experts, a person should be naked for at least 2 hours a day, with bare feet as much as possible, and even better in contact with the ground.
On vacation with family.
Whenever the next summer season begins, the number of vacationers with children increases significantly. And this is not surprising. Summer is rightfully considered the most favorable time for relaxation. Some parents prefer to go to the south, where there is a lot of sun and a warm, gentle sea, others prefer to go to the Baltic states, where there is a sea, but not so hot. Still others remain on vacation in the middle zone. But there are those who are still discussing their route, weighing all the pros and cons... And they are doing the right thing. The question of where is the best place to vacation with children is not as simple as it might seem at first glance. And the point here is not at all whether there is a ticket, whether it is difficult to get tickets or whether the beach will be crowded.
The most important thing is how the child will feel in the new place, whether the given climate will suit him. Unfortunately, some parents sometimes miss this important aspect. Our country is far from homogeneous in its climate. At the same time, each climate has its own effect on the human body, and on children in particular. Moreover, than smaller child, the worse he adapts to the new place. Most of all, people feel good within the zone that is familiar to them. Therefore, the desire of parents to take their child hundreds of kilometers away is not always justified. Many simply underestimate the possibilities of climate therapy in our middle zone. Acclimatization in these conditions does not present any great difficulties, even for the smallest ones. The forest areas of the middle zone are best place recreation for weakened children, especially those coming from the North. Wonderful air, infused with the aroma of pine needles and forest flowers, rich in ozone, fills the lungs with life-giving power.
In many ways, the climate of the Baltic states is similar to the climate of the middle zone. Summers here are warm, slight temperature fluctuations, beautiful beaches. This climate has a beneficial effect on children with chronic respiratory diseases and rheumatism.
You can also train your body in a sauna. The main healing factor of a sauna is exposure to dry steam. Hot air warms up the body, opens pores, and expands capillaries. As a result, all fluids in the body are brought into active motion. This improves the supply of oxygen to cells and nutrients, human protective functions increase. In other words, the body is actively training.
We experience something similar when we find ourselves in a steppe climate. This climate is characteristic of the south of Ukraine and the North Caucasus, up to the southern Transbaikalia. The air here is warm and dry. Frequent winds promote air ventilation and soften the heat. Experts consider this climate as hardening. This climate is favorable for children with kidney disease and upper respiratory tract diseases.
The mountain climate means clean air with a high ozone content. The air here is dry and cool, rich in the aromatic substances of forests and meadows. There are an abundance of resorts (Kislovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Truskavets) with mineral water sources. Mountain air has a stimulating, training and hardening effect. Mountain air is indicated for diseases of the blood, lungs, rheumatism and asthma, and disorders of the nervous system.
Black Sea coast. The coast of Crimea and the Caucasian coast (from Anapa to Tuapse) are considered favorable for holidays with children. Summers here are moderately hot, sunny and dry. The humidity is low, so children tolerate the heat well. These conditions are most favorable for children with diseases of the kidneys, lungs and nasopharynx, and tuberculosis.
As you can see, holidays on different shores of the same sea can give different results. Therefore, when going on vacation with a child, be sure to consult with specialists.
Parents should know the characteristics of their child by heart. If a child has increased nervous excitability, then it is better not to take him to the south during the hot summer months. Take full advantage of your vacation and all weekends for active recreation.
When and how much to exercise
The opportunity to include compatible knowledge of one of the parents and the child into the daily routine almost always exists. It is necessary to devote at least a few minutes to your child every day. Try to figure out the best time to work out for your family and then stick to it. First of all, the principle of systematicity should be observed so that they become a daily need for him.
The duration of parent-child activities varies: it depends on the age of the child, on the parents’ time limit, on the time of day, and also on what the child does before or after classes (if the child is tired after
long walk or walk is still ahead, the duration of exercise will be less than after rest).
Morning exercises have the advantage that immediately after sleep, the muscles of the body “warm up” and blood circulation in the tissues improves. When charging, it is better to use easy and already familiar exercises, since there is usually not enough time and patience to learn new, more complex exercises. The duration of morning classes is no more than 10 minutes. Daily exposure to fresh air is very important for the normal development of a child. An interesting fact: while the child is in infancy, parents conscientiously comply with this requirement, but when the children grow up, parents often forget about it. A child needs active movements in the air, in any weather, this has a particularly beneficial effect on his physical development.
Compliance with basic rules of personal hygiene should be instilled from an early age. By this concept, we are accustomed to understanding washing, brushing teeth, observing the frequency of hands, body, and clothing. Cleanliness often means the outward absence of dirt that can be seen with the eyes. But it happens not only external, but also “internal dirt” - the so-called toxins that are released through the sweat glands. If they are not washed off, self-poisoning occurs, which is expressed in fatigue, irritation, and nervousness. To avoid this, you need daily water treatments, preferably twice a day: morning and evening. Lack of habit of dousing the whole body with water or wiping with a wet towel can lead to a weakening of the body and frequent colds.
BATH, SHOWER, BATHING - an excellent means of hardening and a kind of massage.
YOGI ADVICE:
Many children are susceptible to colds and runny nose. A runny nose interferes with breathing through the nose. Yogis advise rinsing your nose with salted water in the morning and evening. How to do this? Add 0.5 teaspoon of salt to a glass of warm water and stir well. Pour water into your palm, tilt your head towards it, close one nostril, and draw in the water with the other. Then blow it out and do the same with the other nostril. Then tilt your head back and spit out the remaining water through your mouth. Rinsing with salted water normalizes the functioning of the nasopharynx and increases resistance to colds and headaches.
CARD FILE OF HARDENING PROCEDURES
Salt hardening technique
Indications: The salt hardening method is indicated for all preschool children.
Technique: Hardening is carried out after daytime sleep under the supervision of a teacher. The child walks barefoot on a flannel mat moistened with a 10% solution of table salt at room temperature. Stomp on the mat for 2 minutes. Children then move to the second mat, wiping the salt off the soles of their feet, and then move to a dry mat and wipe their feet dry. An important point when carrying out hardening is that the foot must be preheated. For this purpose, foot massagers, button and stick paths are used.
Mechanism of action: Mechanical and chemical through thermo- and chemoreceptors in the skin of the feet. The saline solution irritates the chemoreceptors, causing expansion of the “game” of the peripheral vessels of the feet. Heat generation reflexively increases, blood flow to the lower extremities and feet increases, long time heat is retained. Mechanical actions arise as a result of irritation of biological points on the sole.
Equipment: 3 flannel rugs,
a) with different-sized sewn buttons,
b) with sewn sticks.
10% solution of table salt temperature +10°+18°C 1 kg of salt per 10 l. water 0.5 kg per 5 l. water 0.25 kg per 2.5 l. water.
This hardening method is accessible and simple, does not require large material costs and time, and is enjoyable for children. And most importantly, it has a pronounced effect, plays significant role in the prevention of colds in children.
Extensive washing
for children aged 4 to 7 years.
Wiping is done with a mitten soaked in water, the fabric of which must satisfy the following conditions: absorb water well, not be too soft. It is advisable that the mittens are well moistened, but water should not drip from them.
After drying, the body is rubbed with a dry towel. Rubbing is accompanied by light massaging movements, and the massage is always done from the periphery to the center, in the following sequence:
on the count “1” - rub the chest in a circular motion clockwise;
on the count “2” - wipe your hands from the bottom up to the shoulder;
on the count “3” - rub your legs in the direction from the foot to the knee;
on the count of “4” - simultaneously wipe your neck with both hands in the direction from the back of the head to the chin;
on the count of “5” - wipe your face and ears.
At the end of the wet wiping, the child’s body is rubbed with a dry towel until slightly reddened.
At the beginning of learning this hardening procedure, children are helped by adults (teacher, assistant teacher, nurse). Next, children complete all stages independently.
Walking barefoot
Technically the simplest non-traditional hardening method is at the same time good remedy strengthening the arch of the foot and ligaments. We start walking barefoot when the temperature of the ground or floor is not lower than +18. First, this is done in socks for 4-5 days, then completely barefoot for 3-4 minutes. We increase the procedure time by 1 minute daily and bring it to 20-25 minutes. The procedure is very physiological and well tolerated by children of any age.
Contrast air baths in combination with the "Riga" method
The procedure takes place after a nap: it starts at 15.00, lasts 12 - 13 minutes and has the character of running from a “cold” room to a “warm” one with mandatory musical accompaniment. This technique consists of the following procedures. While children are sleeping in the sleeping area, the windows are opened and the air temperature is raised to +13 +16 degrees. After waking up, children wake up and do physical exercises. This is followed by a run to the group room, where the air temperature reaches +21 +24 degrees.
The activities of children in a “warm” room are as follows:
Walking on a mat soaked in saline solution;
Walking on a path soaked in clean water;
Walking on a dry mat;
Walking along the "Health Path".
The pace of walking along the paths is normal, and over time the pace can be gradually increased.
Then the children move to a “cold” room, where, under the guidance of a teacher, they perform physical exercises, dance elements, play outdoor games
In a warm room, exercise at a moderate pace should be maintained to prevent children from overheating.
The number of movements from one room to another should be at least 6 times, staying in each room for 1 - 1.5 minutes. The whole procedure ends with a run from a “warm” room to a “cold” one, where breathing exercises are carried out under the guidance of a teacher.
Children who have had acute respiratory infections undergo hardening for one week at half the specified time. The salt mat is temporarily contraindicated for these children for 1 week.
When combining air contrast hardening with the "Riga" method and the "Health Path", in addition to the hardening effect, massage and contrast salt hardening of the feet are carried out, preventing flat feet and poor posture. In general, this technique is part of the nonspecific prevention of respiratory diseases and is aimed at increasing the body's resistance to adverse environmental influences.
Hygienic shower
In the summer, we use a shower for hardening purposes. A shower has a stronger effect than, for example, dousing or wiping, since here the effect of jet pressure is added to the temperature factor. Water flowing from the shower under pressure has a massaging effect. The water from the shower feels warmer than water of the same temperature when doused or rubbed.
This raises the tone of the muscular system, increases efficiency, gives vigor, and helps increase energy.
Water temperature, not evoking feelings cooling at first (approximately +36+37 degrees) with a gradual decrease in it with careful monitoring of the children’s reaction. But for this procedure, the temperature decrease occurs slowly. The time spent in the shower is 20-40 seconds.
The shower is also used to keep the child's body clean. In the summer, this is especially important, because... exposed parts of the body get dirty easily. Therefore, first of all, you need to wash your feet and hands with soap.
Acupressure "Magic points"
(according to A.A. Umanskaya)
Massage increases the protective properties of the mucous membrane of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and other human organs. Under the influence of massage, the body begins to produce its own medicines, which are very often much more effective and safer than tablets.
Acupressure techniques are very easy for adults to learn and then teach to children.
Point 1. Located in the center of the sternum, at the level of the attachment of the 4th rib. Associated with the mucous membrane of the trachea, bronchi, and bone marrow. Massaging this area reduces coughing and improves hematopoiesis.
Point 2. Located in the center of the jugular notch of the sternum. Regulates the body's immune functions. Increases resistance to infectious diseases.
Point 3. Located symmetrically at the level of the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage, at the anterior edge of the muscle. Controls chemical composition blood and at the same time the mucous membrane of the larynx.
Point 4. Located symmetrically, behind the ear, on the border of the scalp, in the center of the occipital cavity. The back of the neck needs to be massaged from top to bottom. The neck zones are associated with the regulator of vascular activity in the head, neck and torso. The functioning of the vestibular apparatus is normalized.
Point 5. Located between the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae, where when you tilt your head forward, you feel a depression below the most protruding vertebra
Point 6. Located symmetrically between the nasolabial fold in the middle of the wing of the nose. Improves blood supply to the mucous membranes of the nose and maxillary cavity. Breathing through the nose becomes free, the runny nose goes away.
Point 7. Located symmetrically at the inner edge of the brow ridge. Blood supply to the eyeball and frontal regions of the brain improves.
Point 8. Located symmetrically in the recess in front of the tragus of the ear. Massage of this area affects the hearing organs and vestibular apparatus.
Point 9. Symmetrical, between the 1st and 2nd metacarpal bones, at the end of the skin fold when the thumb is abducted. Human hands are connected to all organs. When massaging these points, many body functions are normalized.
Massage technique
You need to massage biologically active zones with pads of the thumb, index or middle finger.
finger with horizontal rotational movements clockwise and counterclockwise for 4-5 seconds in each direction. The massage should not be rough and harsh, and should not leave bruises. It is better to start with light pressure, gradually increasing the intensity of the impact.
Zone 3 (neck area) should be massaged with light finger movements from top to bottom. If the massaged area is very painful, a light circular massage is performed. If the skin in the area of the massaged area is changed (suppuration, abrasions, bruises), then the massage is canceled.
Hands should be washed frequently before a massage. Warm, with well-cut nails. You should not massage immediately after eating. For preventive purposes, massage is recommended to be performed 2-3 times a day, as well as after contact with a patient with an acute respiratory infection.
As a preventive measure, massage of biologically active zones can be carried out for a long time, especially in autumn and winter. It must be remembered that only regular massage maintains high body resistance.
Air hardening
Ventilation of premises
For preschool children, it is necessary to create an optimal air regime. Indoors is the main condition for the effectiveness of hardening. Room temperature:
· From 1 to 3 years - +20 o C
· From 3 to 7 years - + +18 o C, +20 o C
It is necessary to ventilate the room 4-5 times a day for 10-15 minutes through transoms: before morning exercises, before physical education and music classes, before bed. During this time, children should be taken to the next room. During walks, through ventilation is carried out, which ends 30-45 minutes before the children arrive (during the cold season).
The thermometer in the group, bedroom and washrooms should be located at the height of children.
Walking is a way to harden with air
Children in kindergarten go for walks 2 times a day. A day spent without walking is lost to his health (G.N. Speransky).
Children's activities during walks on frosty days should change frequently: include jogging and climbing a slide. Climbing over shafts, walking on shafts and jumping into them. Skating on icy paths. Within 40-60 minutes, the teacher should intensify the children’s movement.
Mouth rinse
It is carried out with boiled water at room temperature after each meal. It is an excellent remedy for preventing diseases of the teeth and oral mucosa. Mouth rinsing is carried out from 3-4 years.
Children 4-5 years old and older can be taught to gargle. Daily gargling in the morning after sleep and in the evening before bed with clean boiled water at room temperature is very effective means prevention of sore throats, proliferation of tonsils and adenoids.
For each rinse, use approximately 1/2 - 1/3 glass of water, and the “gurgling” of water in the throat should continue for as long as possible, for which, before taking water into your mouth, take a deep breath and throw back your head so that the water flows into the pharynx, exhale very slowly and continuously through the mouth. For control, it is more convenient to say “ah-ah-ah-ah!” in a voice.
PROJECT - PROGRAMS
“HEALTH-FORMING AND HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN WORKING WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN”
MBOU NSh – DS No. 24 p. Chkalovskoye
Teachers: E.V. Oskina, O.V. Nefedieva
In the federal program for the development of education, the leading tasks are the preservation of health, optimization of the educational process, the development of health-forming and health-saving educational technologies and the formation of the value of health and a healthy lifestyle.
Preschool age is a decisive stage in the formation of the foundation of a child’s physical and mental health.It is during this period that the functional systems of the body develop intensively, the main personality traits are laid, character and attitude towards oneself and others are formed.At the same time, the results of studying the dynamics of the main indicators of the child’s health and development (monitoring) showed that a significant proportion of children attending preschool, various deviations in the state of health and delays in physical development are observed.
Thus, it became necessary to study modern techniques for strengthening and preserving children's health. This work reveals experience in usinghealth-forming andhealth-saving technologies at the present stage of work of preschool educational institutions.
Health – the state of physical and social well-being of a person (according to the Charter of the World Health Organization).
Health – an important factor in the performance and harmonious development of the human, and especially the child’s, body. Time demands that children receive modern, high-quality, accessible knowledge. But to master such knowledge, you need strength, you need health, you need desire.
Health saving and health enrichment – the most important conditions organization of the pedagogical process in preschool educational institutions.
"Health-saving technology" is a system of measures that includes the interrelation and interaction of all factors of the educational environment aimed at preserving the health of the child at all stages of his learning and development. The concept of preschool education provides for not only the preservation, but also the active formation of a healthy lifestyle and the health of pupils.
The purpose of these technologies - the formation of a child’s conscious attitude to health and human life, the accumulation of knowledge about health and the development of the ability to protect, support and preserve it, the acquisition of valeological competence, which allows a preschooler to independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior, tasks related to the provision of basic medical care , psychological self-help and assistance.
Health-saving pedagogical process – the process of raising and educating preschool children in a health-preserving and health-enhancing mode; a process aimed at ensuring the physical, mental and social well-being of the child.
Relevance of the project: health cannot be maintained with drugs. But there is another means - movement. Exercise, movement should firmly enter the life of every person who wants to maintain efficiency and health.
Project goal: the formation of a child’s conscious attitude to health and human life, the accumulation of knowledge about health and the development of skills to protect, support and preserve it, independently and effectively solve the problems of a healthy lifestyle and safe behavior.Introduction of innovative health-forming and health-saving technologies into the practice of kindergarten work.
Tasks:
Creation of conditions for physical education and recreational work with preschool children, resource provision.
Using modern health-saving technologies in working with preschoolers.
Development of physical qualities, motor activity and the formation of physical culture of preschool children.
Prevention of flat feet and formation of correct posture.
Cultivating habits of daily physical activity and health care, etc.
Expected results:
Improving indicators of physical development, emotional state;
Favorable dynamics in the health status of preschool children (decrease in the number of cases of diseases during the year; change in the health group in a favorable direction);
Improving independence skills;
Formation of desire and desire to lead a healthy lifestyle
Modern health-saving technologies
1. Technologies for preserving and promoting health
2. Technologies for teaching a healthy lifestyle
Types of health-saving pedagogical technologies
3. Corrective technologies
Types of health-saving pedagogical technologies
Thus, it is very important that each of the technologies considered has a health-improving orientation, and health-saving activities used in combination would ultimately form a strong motivation in the child for a healthy lifestyle, full and uncomplicated development.
Conditions for the project:
Implementationhealth-forming andhealth-saving technologies in all sections of the educational program.
Maintaining a rational daily routine that provides a mix of varied activities and rest.
Using modern progressive teaching methods and techniques.
Individual approach to the child in accordance with his level of development, biological and psychological age.
Creating conditions to meet children's needs for movement.
Implementation of various forms of systematic work with parents.
In the process of physical education and health work with children, systematic medical and pedagogical control is provided. Based on an analysis of the comprehensive results of observations of children and repeated medical diagnostics, new recommendations are given to teachers and parents on how to carry out the next stage of physical education and health work.
Full physical and neuropsychic development of a child is possible only if he is provided with balanced nutrition. Rational nutrition involves the use of the necessary set of products containing all nutritional components, vitamins, microelements in accordance with the age-related physiological needs of the developing child’s body. In our kindergarten, when organizing meals, all hygienic requirements for the preparation, delivery and distribution of food are observed. Regularity of meals and the creation of a favorable environment during meals helps the child develop a positive food reflex, which ensures the maintenance of a good appetite. Each meal in kindergarten is used as a favorable moment for developing cultural, hygienic and self-care skills in preschoolers. An important point in organizing children's meals can be considered the duty of children who help an adult set the table, lay out cutlery, and take used dishes. However, we pay special attention to ensuring that children helping adults do not have their daily routine disrupted, that their activities are feasible and do not reduce the time they spend walking or sleeping during the day.
Basic principles of rational nutrition:
Ensuring the supply of all essential nutrients in quantities that meet the physiological needs of the child’s body
Compliance with diet
Compliance with established rules for the technology of prepared dishes, ensuring maximum preservation of the nutritional value of products.
In accordance with these principles, catering must comply withthe following requirements:
Quality of supplied products
Compliance with natural norms
Food technologies
Calorie nutrition
Yield and quality of dishes
Matching the temperature of the food served
Bringing nutrition standards to children
Timeliness of preparation and terms of sale of ready-made food
Amount of food waste
Catering culture.
The doctor, the head of the preschool educational institution, the teacher, and the junior teacher are responsible for all activities related to the organization of children’s nutrition.
Based on curriculum a GCD schedule for the academic year is drawn up, taking into accounthealth-forming andhealth-saving regime:
Compliance with the maximum permissible weekly study load;
Compliance with the duration of classes;
Maintain a minimum break between classes of 10 minutes;
Alternation in the schedule of classes according to difficulty with complication by the middle of the week;
Alternation of active and inactive types of children's activities during the day.
We conduct some classes with older children in the afternoon, after naps. The duration of these classes is no more than 25 - 30 minutes. We carry out socially useful work for children of senior and preparatory groups in the form of self-service.
We conduct physical education classes at least 3 times a week. Duration of classes:
In the younger group – 15 minutes
IN middle group– 20 minutes
IN senior group– 25 minutes
In the preparatory group – 30 minutes.
One of three physical education classes for children is held outdoors. Classes are held only if children have no medical contraindications and have sportswear appropriate for weather conditions.
The objectives are aimed at the physical development and strengthening of the child’s health:
Components:
motor mode of preschoolers
health regime for preschoolers
dynamic pauses (sets of physical minutes, which may include breathing, finger, articulation gymnastics, eye gymnastics, etc.)
mobile and sports games
contrast track, exercise equipment
morning exercises
physical education classes
hardening
sports entertainment, holidays
Health Day
Media (situational small games - role-playing imitative imitation game)